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on the 8th of may 1945 nazi germany capitulated and metropolitan france celebrated the end of fascism, the french settler-colonial authorities started a two month long period of massacres against indigenous algerians for daring to protest the colonial regime in favour of independence. known as the sétif, guelma, kherrata massacres, during that time french colonial forces and police, as well as white french settlers, bombed, shot and lynched thousands of algerian muslims and buried them in mass graves. many of them were then dug up and burned. today france claims up to 1000 algerian victims and 200 french ones in "retaliation". it's far more likely to be thousands more victims, some of whom were anticolonial activists but many more were uninvolved civilians who were massacred by settlers with the encouragement and involvement of french military and police. after this, near all algerian nationalist and anticolonial organizations were disbanded and their leaders imprisoned. the army also forced many muslim algerians to kneel in front of the french flag and repeat "we are dogs and ferhat abbas (a proeminent algerian independence activist) is a dog". very few french socialists and communists, some of whom were actively in a coalition with de gaulle in the new government, expressed solidarity with the algerian people or condemned the massacres.

this was eighty years ago today.

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Vintage Paris by Émile Zola. 1900s

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New Secret Knots comic: "Cryptid".

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btw the katy perry/bezos' girlfriend/other four irrelevant billionaires 10 minute space stunt was not the first all female expedition no matter how much they try to market it as such. the first all female mission was in 1963 with soviet cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Ponomaryova - all three of which were working class and had to pass incredibly hard exams to be chosen from 400 potential candidates. just in case we started falling for the propaganda machine again

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victorian mussel shaped vinaigrette in handcrafted silver, engraved 'Lucy'. 1876.

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Guys?

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Linda Infante Lyons, The Sovereign of the North (2022)

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a little story about seeing the past through the present - featuring razorbill, who is the closest living relative of the great auk, a bird that became extinct not so long ago.

- Native to the Arctic and sub-Arctic region and once numbering millions of individuals, Great auks became extinct mid-19th century. The last breeding pair, found incubating an egg, was killed on 3 June 1844, on request from a merchant who wanted specimens, with Jón Brandsson and Sigurður Ísleifsson strangling the adults and Ketill Ketilsson smashing the egg with his boot. The last individual was seen in 1852, leaving no hope that the species might be extant.

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It's interesting that even though a lot of linguistic minorities from spain migrated to the americas, none of their languages survived. A huge percentage of chileans have Basque ancestry, and argentines have galician ancestry, but the only european language spoken in these countries is spanish. I mean I guess there's the welsh patagonians but there's only two thousand left

Unfortunately, this is by a lot the result of a policy by the Argentine state. Public education enforced the use of Spanish for nation building, and this indeed for example was aimed against native languages... Guaraní was once the lingua franca on all the Argentine north among natives, criollos and immigrants, and then it became an undesirable lower-class language (I understand a similar thing happened in Brasil where a dialect of Guaraní was also a lingua franca, the "língua geral" and is now extinct). But it also aimed at immigrant languages. My grandmother was ordered not to speak Italian (Friulan actually) at school, and she simply lost knowledge of it. It was much later when these things slowly changed, Guaraní is now considered a point of pride in Corrientes especially in the new generations, and now everyone wants to learn (standard) Italian.

But there were also other reasons, for example, Argentina had a lot of Italian immigration. Many dialects of Italian are very similar to Spanish, and people came from all over Italy to Argentina, and they couldn't understand each other, but they could use Spanish to communicate, so they used that instead. I imagine it was the same for, for example, Galician and other Iberian communities.

Basque however is strange because it has little in common with Spanish so a native Basque speaker, theoretically, should find Spanish harder, but I think it's likely they already knew some Spanish when they immigrated. But it is strange that communities with a strong identity like the Patagonian Welsh lost that too.

I think there are several studies on the conservation and loss of bilingualism among immigrants, I should look if there are some specifically for Argentina and South America.

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The Peak, Hong Kong, photo by Yannick Mackiewicz

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No but like I understand latinos being all europeans cannot relate to the latino experience about the new bad bunny album... but what if all of us took 5 min to go and read about PR history to know what really happened here like I understand we can feel identified in idk Oaxaca or Venezuela or Canarias but there is something really different going on in Puerto Rico

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Because folks liked my latest pigeon comic so much, here's another pigeon piece!

I made this a couple years ago for a sadly now defunct publication called Pipe Wrench. I hope this piece helps spread more pigeon love.

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Footballers everywhere: illegal drug possession

Footballers in portugal: illegal seafood possession

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Ouro Preto, Janeiro de 2023

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Traditional European Christmas time monsters, photographer across the Europe by Charles Fréger.

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The Carlit mountain and the town of Font-Romeu below it, Northern Catalonia.

Photo by barcelo_nico on Instagram.