museomiah

[museomiah]

Laugh a lot. It’s good for you!

I love telling jokes. There’s little else more satisfying than to get another person to laugh. I find that humor is also an excellent way to break the ice so to speak.

This article of late publication by the Mayo Clinic, which I shared elsewhere on social media this week, discusses the benefits of laughter on health.  

Have a read!

[museomiah]

What’s the deal with homology?

Homology refers to the degree of similarity of groups of genes (or groups of proteins) to each other.  The similarity of genes to each other across organisms forms a relationship that connects us all to a common ancestor and is evidence for the molecular basis of evolution.  Watch this video for an explanation of homology. (This post was shared previously elsewhere on social media.)

[museomiah]

Herd immunity

Herd immunity is a concept not foreign to biology and medicine. This concept has been in the news lately as the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing. Read more about herd immunity in this article from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 

[museomiah]

The mighty mitochondrion

As shared by Biobibel previously, mitochondria are double-membraned organelles that provide energy to power cellular processes. Because of their role in energy production, abnormalities in mitochondria lead to a host of disorders within the body, including aberrant growth, abnormal muscle function, and organ dysfunction.  Read more about mitochondrial abnormalities in here. 

[museomiah]

The Central Dogma redefined

As the age-old adage goes, which came first: the chicken or the egg?  

In considering the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, which follows that:DNA > RNA > proteins, how could DNA arise before the RNA or protein that goes into its production in the cell?

New research proposes that both DNA and RNA were created together on the primordial earth from progenitor molecules called diamidophosphate (DAP).   

This research challenges the old hypothesis that primitive RNA molecules were the first nucleic acids on earth, which gave rise to DNA molecules within ancient lifeforms. 

Follow this and other life science updates on my social media page on Facebook, @Biobibel.

Sources:

Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, Eddy I. Jiménez, Clémentine Gibard. Prebiotic Phosphorylation and Concomitant Oligomerization of Deoxynucleosides to form DNA. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020; DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015910

Scripps Research Institute. (2020, December 28). Discovery boosts theory that life on Earth arose from RNA-DNA mix: Newly described chemical reaction could have assembled DNA building blocks before life forms and their enzymes existed. ScienceDaily. Retrieved January 20, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/12/201228095428.htm 

[museomiah]

Prepositions

Prepositions – Prepositions express relationships between people, things, or actions or introduce phrases that complete the meaning of a verb.

e.g. I spoke to Mr. Hall on Friday about the hole in our roof.

e.g. I told him about ...

Types of Prepositions

Prepositions of Place: at, in, on, behind, between, for, to, off

Prepositions of Time: in, on, at, about

Book your English session with the Albany Unified Academy today!

Source:

Global Language Training (2015) Module 1: Teaching English - Theory & Terminology. Section 7.4. Grammar: Parts of Speech Continuation and Conditional Clauses. 

[museomiah]

Grammar lessons for you!

Phrasal verbs combine verbs with an adverb or preposition. According to MyEnglishPages.com, phrasal verbs specify an action. Examples of phrasal verbs are found here.. The Albany Unified Academy (MyAUA) Unified Academy includes lessons about phrasal verbs in English grammar. Explore this more by going to our corporate website or book grammar lessons with the Albany Unified Academy via Preply (https://lnkd.in/eTeDuey).

#English101

[museomiah]

More to love about business

I learn so much in what I do as an entrepreneur. I'm learning many facets of biz admin which build up my resume, including advertising and marketing, bookkeeping and accounting, IT skills such as word processing, graphic design, web development, and social media design. 

I receive professional development with tax law, human resource management, and instructional design. 

I also learn about science and many other different subjects as an instructor and blogger. 

I wouldn't trade this work for the world! Please like this image and share what you love about your business. 

Albany Unified Academy (MyAUA)  <-------a non-profit I founded.

Biobibel <--------my blog site

[museomiah]

Cell division is controlled by nuclear genes

The cell cycle involves the transformation and progression of the cell from a state of growth and resting (G₁) through to gene replication or the synthesis (S) state. Then the cell enters the second growth phase (G₂) before it enters cell division, which is called mitosis (M). The process begins again with interphase of G₁.

The genes that control these events are found in the nucleus. In the animal cell, all genes are found in the nucleus with the exception of the extrachromosomal information found in the mitochondria.

According to Chow (2010), there are two types of genes, which are oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, that control the cell cycle. Oncogenes, as precursors to cancer-causing genes, mediate cell division, “allowing cells to proceed from one cell cycle stage to the next.” Conversely, tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, which encodes the protein shown here, impede cell division by binding to damaged DNA, signaling the cell of a problem mutation.

Mutations in p53 are tied to uncontrolled cell division, which is cancer.

#biology #lifescience

Source: Chow, A. Y. (2010) Cell Cycle Control by Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors: Driving the Transformation of Normal Cells into Cancerous Cells. Nature Education 3(9):7 [Available Online]

Image: Cho Y, Gorina S, Jeffrey PD, Pavletich NP. (1994) Crystal structure of a p53 tumor suppressor-DNA complex: understanding tumorigenic mutations. Science. 265 (5170): 346-355. doi:10.1126/science.8023157 [Available Online}

[museomiah]

-Zoan comes from the Greek word for the animal. Indeed all #metazoans are animals, which is the subject of this post. Elephants are the largest land animal, but not the largest metazoan, which is likely the blue whale. #Metazoen is the German (#Ger.) word for metazoans, which is plural. Metazoans are multicellular organisms, including humans and other animals, but not sponges and plants, that develop from three primary germ layers. These layers are the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, which give rise to all the cells of the metazoan organism, including all of the organ systems. My most favorite metazoan is the elephant, while my least favorite is the horrid spider. Yikes! Please like, comment, and share to support this page. 

Image: RedChairlie, Unsplash Biobibel™

#biology

[museomiah]

Proteins are macromolecules that make up 18% of the cell weight of metabolites in a cell ("Cell." Encyclopedia Britannica 2020). This is is a majority less than the weight of water in the cell. Proteins are composed of individual units called amino acids. The study of the protein profile of an organism is called proteomics, while the study of the proteins of the nervous system is called neuroproteomics, which is the focus of this post. Neuroproteomics is defined as the branch of proteomics dealing with the proteins that make up the organs, tissues, and cells of the nervous system, which consists of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves (Alzate 2010). Understanding these protein metabolites gives us a better understanding of "learning and memory functions as well as the causes and progression of various disease states such as with Alzheimer's and epilepsy” (Alzate 2010). 🧠🤓 Source Alzate O. (2010) Neuroproteomics. In: Alzate O, editor. Neuroproteomics. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press/Taylor & Francis; Chapter 1. [Available Online] https://lnkd.in/ePQX-Uh Accessed 22 August 2020. Photo: David Clode (Unsplash.com) #biology #bioinformatics 💻 #science #lifesciences #research

[museomiah]

Genes related to schizophrenia shown to be sex-linked

Schizophrenia is defined by the occurrence of hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that are not there, while delusions are false-fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality outside the sufferer.

Schizophrenia is thought to be centered in the portion of the brain which processes dreams (Waters 2026).

Mental illness, such as schizophrenia, is a serious health problem among the worldwide population 

This week's post concerns research on schizophrenia using sets of twins to minimize the influence of genetic dissimilarities on the research results.👥 Using stem cells from the nervous systems of pairs of, "twins that were discordant for schizophrenia," recent research published in the journal Nature showed sex-linked differences in the expression of genes related to schizophrenia (Tihonen 2019). Even more, the biochemical profiles differ between sexes, suggesting that, pharmacological interventions should be different in these types of cases (Tihonen 2019). For more on this topic and paper, direct your browser to the website below. 

Sources

Tiihonen J, Koskuvi M, Storvik M, et al. (2019) Sex-specific transcriptional and proteomic signatures in schizophrenia. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):3933. Published doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11797-3. [Available Online] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31477693/ Accessed 15 August 2020. 

Waters, F., Blom, J. D., Dang-Vu, T. T., Cheyne, A. J., Alderson-Day, B., Woodruff, P., & Collerton, D. (2016). What Is the Link Between Hallucinations, Dreams, and Hypnagogic-Hypnopompic Experiences?. Schizophrenia bulletin, 42(5), 1098–1109. [Available Online] https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw076  Accessed 15 August 2020

 #biology #mentalillness #medicine

[museomiah]

This is the full logo from the MyAUA brand, which is a silhouette of the human male head with a geometric, triune shape within the center of the silhouette. The triune shape represents insight, intellect, and wisdom, which are virtuous trademarks of the human psyche. The motto, “Promising a prime experience,” is displayed below the silhouette, emphasizing the MyAUA Promise. The MyAUA Promise provides a guarantee that if you are not completely satisfied with your experience at MyAUA, having earned a score that is not to your satisfaction on any live, standardized exam, you will be allowed to repeat the respective prep course(s) at a 50% off cost to you. Moreover, if you receive a grade of 'D' or lower on any graded assignment that we completed for you, we will offer you a full refund. This is the MyAUA Promise! Subsequent attempts of the same course do not apply to this reduced rate plan once the MyAUA Promise has been applied to the repeated course. Terms and Conditions apply. 🧠🌎💻

Academy of Understanding and Achievement 

#biz101

#essay #writing

[museomiah]

MyAUA loves creating written works of art. Let MyAUA help you on your personal, academic, or business writing assignment. 🖥🖨🖱  Please contact MyAUA for all your English composition, ghostwriting, and word processing needs, such as the resume/CV, book, research paper, essay, or PowerPoint presentation. Your paper will be written from expert experience and MyAUA can work from scratch or it can use your notes to start. Rates are competitive and MyAUA offers a fast turnaround. Call for free details on how to get started now. Toll-free: 1-844-453-1898.☺️💻🖨

Academy of Understanding and Achievement #English101 #biz101

[museomiah]

The pan-genome is the entire gene set of all "clades" of a species, including all genes present in all clades of a species, which is the core genome. The pan-genome also includes the genes present only in some strains of a species, which is called the variable or accessory genome (Sherman et. al 2020). In the Venn diagram shown here, the core genome is represented by the shaded region at the center, while the accessory genomes are represented by all other regions of red, blue, and green. According to Sherman et. al (2020), the study of pan-genomes has come as to be more common as the cost of sequencing genomes of multiples organisms has decreased in recent years. In this way, scientists have a more comprehensive view of the nature of various genomes to make comparisons, instead of only a few. Sherman, R.M., Salzberg, S.L. (2020) Pan-genomics in the human genome era. Nat Rev Genet 21, 243–254. https://lnkd.in/g2_xPvP Photo Source: Molecular Epidemiology Computer Practicum. (2018) University of Utrecht, the Netherlands @biobibel #biology #lifesciences https://www.instagram.com/p/CDmQ63zn26q/?igshid=2fuif9z5dnbw

[museomiah]

This post concerns aptamers which are small molecules that have clinical significance for healing disease by inhibiting the action of proteins or cells that cause disease. Aptamers are short, nucleic acid or peptide sequences that bind to target molecules with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers were discovered several decades ago and are isolated via a process called SELEX or Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment, which is a process of purifying aptamers from serial elution followed by PCR amplification, RT-PCR, or transcription depending on the type of nucleic acid aptamer. This article discusses aptamers and their clinical applications. Take a look! 👀 https://lnkd.in/egmrVGA (at Albany, Georgia) https://www.instagram.com/p/CDTU-F9nuMD/?igshid=1jat7xofnrlbg

[museomiah]

As of June 30, 2020, Lingo Exterminators is no longer in business due to economic downturns. Thank you all for your support.