#1846-1917

[k-i-l-l-e-r-b-e-e-6-9]

𝔇𝔢𝔞𝔱𝔥 𝔞𝔫𝔡 𝔇𝔬𝔠𝔱𝔬𝔯 ℌ𝔬𝔯𝔫𝔟𝔬𝔬𝔨 𝔟𝔶 𝔚𝔦𝔩𝔩𝔦𝔞𝔪 𝔅𝔯𝔞𝔰𝔰𝔢𝔶 ℌ𝔬𝔩𝔢 (յՑկճ-յգյԴ)

[antonio-m]

"Dying Achilles", 1884 by Ernst Herter (1846–1917) . German sculptor. Corfu, Greece. marble

[gadawg-404]

James Butler, (Wild Bill Hickok 1837-1876) met William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill 1846-1917) at Ft.

Leavenworth, Kansas both working for a Stagecoach and wagon freight Company, Russell, Major's and Waddle.

This photo was taken in 1873.

[hadrian6]

Achilles. 1884. cast by P. Ipsen Comp. after Ernst Herter German 1846-1917. terracotta. http://hadrian6.tumblr.com

[uncharismatic-fauna]

Uncharismatic Fact of the Day

Identifying species can be an extremely difficult job for biologists-- especially when the animal in question has too few distinguishing features, or too many. Perhaps no species demonstrates this better than Littorina saxatilis, aka the rough periwinkle snail. Due to the extreme variations in shell shape, size, and color, this species has been misidentified by taxonomists 112 times! Even today, scientists are still in dispute over whether genetically distinct populations should be considered separate species.

(Image: Six rough periwinkle snails (Littorina saxatilis) by Sue Scott)

Want to request some art or uncharismatic facts? Just send me proof of donation of any amount to any of the fundraisers on this list, or a Palestinian organization of your choice!

Bonus: check out the list of L. saxatilis' former names below the cut!

Litorina groenlandica Menke, 1830

Litorina incarnata Philippi, 1846

Litorina marmorata L. Pfeiffer, 1839

Litorina sulcata Menke, 1830

Littorina castanea Deshayes in Deshayes & Milne Edwards, 1843

Littorina danieli Locard, 1886

Littorina groenlandica (Menke, 1830)

Littorina neglecta Bean, 1844

Littorina nervillei Dautzenberg, 1893

Littorina nervillei var. major Pallary in Seurat, 1924

Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839

Littorina palliata var. turritella Schlesch, 1916

Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797) (synonym)

Littorina rudis f. elatior Middendorff, 1849

Littorina rudis var. albida Dautzenberg, 1887

Littorina rudis var. alticola Dacie, 1917

Littorina rudis var. aurantia Dautzenberg, 1887

Littorina rudis var. brevis Dautzenberg, 1887

Littorina rudis var. conoidea Schlesch, 1916

Littorina rudis var. fasciata Dautzenberg, 1887

Littorina rudis var. finmarchia Herzenstein, 1885

Littorina rudis var. globosa Jeffreys, 1865

Littorina rudis var. globosa Martel, 1901

Littorina rudis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865

Littorina rudis var. major Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina rudis var. rubescens Monterosato, 1878

Littorina rudis var. scotia S.M. Smith, 1979

Littorina rudis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865

Littorina rudis var. sulcata Martel, 1901

Littorina rudis var. tenebrosapallida L.E. Adams, 1896

Littorina rudis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893

Littorina saxatile La Roque, 1953

Littorina saxatile saxatile La Roque, 1953

Littorina saxatilis Johnston, 1842

Littorina saxatilis f. abbreviata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis f. conoidea Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis f. elongata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis f. minor Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis groenlandica (Menke, 1830)

Littorina saxatilis groenlandica var. sculpta Schlesch, 1931

Littorina saxatilis jugosa Montagu, 1803

Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. bynei Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. tenuis James, 1968

Littorina saxatilis nigrolineata Gray, 1839

Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton, 1797)

Littorina saxatilis rudis var. rudissimoides James, 1968

Littorina saxatilis scotia Graham, 1988

Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803)

Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. biinterrupta Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963

Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. bizonaria James, 1963

Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. elata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. maculata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963

Littorina saxatilis var. clarilineata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971

Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis var. gascae Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971

Littorina saxatilis var. groenlandica (Menke, 1830)

Littorina saxatilis var. hieroglyphica Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961

Littorina saxatilis var. interrupta Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961

Littorina saxatilis var. lagunae Barnes, 1993

Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis var. lugubris Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis var. nigra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971

Littorina saxatilis var. nojensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964

Littorina saxatilis var. rubra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971

Littorina saxatilis var. rubrolineata Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967

Littorina saxatilis var. salvati Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967

Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Coen, 1933

Littorina saxatilis var. sellensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964

Littorina saxatilis var. tractibus Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961

Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912

Littorina saxatilis zonata Daniel, 1883

Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847

Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857

Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803)

Littorina tenebrosa f. elatior Middendorff, 1849

Littorina tenebrosa var. costulata Middendorff, 1849

Littorina tenebrosa var. densecostulata Middendorff, 1849

Littorina tenebrosa var. grisolacteus Middendorff, 1849

Littorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850

Littorina tenebrosa var. rubidus Middendorff, 1849

Littorina tenebrosa var. tessellatus Middendorff, 1849

Littorina tenebrosa var. zonatus Middendorff, 1849

Littorina zonaria Bean, 1844

Nerita rustica Nardo, 1847

Turbo obligatus Say, 1822

Turbo rudis Maton, 1797

Turbo rudissimus Johnston, 1842

[thepastisalreadywritten]

Fabergé Eggs

Fabergé Eggs, perhaps considered one of the most famous examples of exquisite and luxurious craftsmanship to this day.

Fabergé eggs were originally commissioned by the Russian Imperial family in the late 1800s AD.

Tsar Alexander III (10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) wanted a richly jeweled egg as an Easter gift for his wife, so Russian jeweler Peter Carl Fabergé (30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1846 – 24 September 1920) got to work and produced very first Fabergé egg in 1885 AD.

And like Easter eggs you may find hidden in your shrubs or gutters, these eggs were also intended to contain a surprise inside.

Initially, the first Fabergé egg was to contain a diamond ring, but after specific instructions given by the Emperor, the egg could be opened to find a ruby pendant instead.

Over the course of the next two decades, ten eggs were produced for the family during Alexander III’s reign, starting a dazzling tradition that his son Nicholas II (18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) would carry on for his wife and his mother every Easter.

The popularity of eggs-travagant gifts spread well beyond the Imperial family, and soon, other wealthy families began commissioning their own eggs.

The eggs then began to represent great wealth and luxury that owning a Fabergé egg was considered a status symbol.

And with the skill level and time that it took to craft up just one Fabergé egg – up to one year per egg – it’s no surprise they come with such a high value.

The intricate Fabergé egg-making process began by creating a design for the egg and then the outer shell would start to come to life.

The team of goldsmiths would craft the eggs out of precious metals like gold or silver.

They were each decorated with intricate engravings, filigree work and other decorative elements.

And while his competitors used a standard palette, Fabergé wanted to experiment with more colors.

He created resplendent yellows, mauves, and all shades of greens — coming up with over one hundred and forty new colors.

Just as important as its exterior, the Fabergé egg’s interior was given just as much attention to detail.

A team of jewelers would work on creating a surprise to be hidden inside the bejeweled shell.

These surprises could be anything from miniature portraits of the recipients’ husbands to tiny replicas of famous landmarks.

The artists behind these miniature works of art were some of the best miniature painters, sculptors and engravers of that time who used a variety of material, including enamel, precious stones and even hair to create their work.

Finally, once all of the intricate pieces were complete, they were assembled by a team of skilled craftsmen to create the final product.

The egg was then presented to the recipient and would become a treasured family heirloom for years to come. 

Unfortunately, the House of Fabergé was forced to close its doors during the Russian Revolution in 1917.

Fabergé and his family fled Russia.

Many of the Fabergé eggs were sold, lost or smuggled out of Russia during this time, but now, many of them are housed in museums like the famous Fabergé Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia.

However, history came full circle when in 2007, with new ownership and direction, the company announced the reunification of the brand with the Fabergé family.

This new chapter set the stage for a total revitalization of the Fabergé name and philosophy, which are in tune with its original values and spirit.

[lychens]

Birch Trees 2. Thorsten Waenerberg 1846-1917

via

[chaoticprussia]

https://www.tumblr.com/chaoticprussia/761314855368163328/hm-i-wonder-what-these-years-have-in-common

if i may guess what these dates could indicate:

1776: most obvious one (or not?), the american revolution. this could have to do with britain/the uk/british empire (whichever is the correct name for your lore). could also include canada since they were, in parts, a british colony too.

1812: would this be the repeat, since it’s another war with britain?

1846: mexican-american war? likely something with mexico then.

1917: the us declaration of war on germany, something with germany? could have to do with the zimmerman telegram. or perhaps the first red scare?

1945: death of imperial japan, perhaps, since you said he had a thing for them at one point?

1975: the unification of vietnam/america losing the vietnam war, since you posted art of south vietnam not long after?

1991: death of the soviet union is the most major thing that happened that year, as far as i know.

so the heartbreaks, based on the above, would be: britain (and/or canada) x2, mexico/mextangle, germany or some form of russia, imperial japan, south vietnam (or unified vietnam?), & the soviet union.

if guesses are not permitted, feel free to ignore/delete this. ^^

—invisible anon.

you actually got most of these right! but you did mix some up so ill correct those. :)

1776 - correct! it was britian.

1812 - this heartbreak actually wasnt britian. this one was specifically with canada. the double heartbreak surprisingly wasnt with britian!

1846 - correct! this does have to do with the mexican-american war. specifically with mextangle. technically this heartbreak didnt happen just a single year. it was very drawn out. but that would muddy up the list of years.

1917 - incorrect. i knew this one was gonna be hard since. yaknow. this surprisingly doesnt have anything to do with world war 1. well that telegram does have some things to do with it.. this is actually the final year of the (second? fourth? they never really change their flag so i keep forgetting) mexican revolution and modern mexicos takeover and therefore the death of mextangle. the guy who broke americas heart twice. by dying. thats rough buddy.

1945 - correct! this one was super easy. imagine only realizing you loved someone only after you literally murder them in honestly the worst way to die thats ever happened. thats rough buddy. x2

1975 - yuuup. the end of the veitnam war. i wonder what happened to that south kid… hm…

1991 - also incredibly obvious. rest in peace soviet. america never had the balls to tell you how he felt and now hes gonna regret it forever. amen.

also heres a simplified list for your convenience!

i really gotta make a timeline soon with all the shit americas done and been through. itd take fucking forever thought. this man is the definition of unfortunate and unhinged.

[saax2]

'La Vita' 1

In the brothel, 1932 | Willi Hertlein (1908-1968, Germany)

Marzella, 1908 | Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938, Germany)

La femme en chemise ou Danseuse, 1906 | André Derain (1880-1954, France)

Belly Dancer, 1903 | Antti Favén (1882-1948, Finland)

Au café d'Harcourt à Paris, 1897 | Henri Evenepoel (1872-1899, France)

Aux jardins publics | Jean-Louis Forain (1852-1931, France)

Reine de joie, 1892 | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901, France)

Absinthe, 1876 | Edgar Degas (1834-1917, France)

Sivdamen (a prostituted woman), 1908 | Aksel Jørgensen (1883-1957, Denmark)

Étude de nu, femme renversée sur un divan, 1882 (Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi) | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901, France)

Femme aux toilettes, 1896 | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901, France)

Les deux amies, 1880-90 (Musée Félicien Rops, Namur) | Félicien Rops (1833-1898, Belgium)

Mademoiselle Anita, 1951 | ph., Robert Doisneau (1912-1994, France)

Groupe de quatre femmes nues, 1895-1910 | ph., François-Rupert Carabin (1862-1932, France)

Prostituées de Paris, vers 1930 | ph., Monsieur X (actif, 1920-30)

Prostituées de Paris, vers 1930 | ph., Monsieur X (actif, 1920-30)

Working Girl, Reading, Pennsylvania, 1892 | ph., William Goldman (1856-1922, USA)

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901, France)

Untitled, polaroid, 1962-73 | ph., Carlo Mollino (1905-1973, Italia)

Étude de nu, femme assise sur un divan, 1882 (Musée Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi, France) | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901, France)

Nudo con calze rosse (Nude with red stockings), 1879 | Giuseppe De Nittis (1846-1884, Italia)

[gepetordi1]

1877. William Frederick Cody  (1846 – 1917), known as Buffalo Bill, was an American soldier, bison hunter, and showman.

[palecleverdoll]

Women of Imperial Russia: Ages at First Marriage

I have only included women whose birth dates and dates of marriage are known within at least 1-2 years, therefore, this is not a comprehensive list. This data set ends with the Revolution of 1917.

Eudoxia Lopukhina, wife of Peter I; age 20 when she married Peter in 1689 CE

Catherine I of Russia, wife of Peter I; age 18 when she married Johan Cruse in 1702 CE

Anna of Russia, daughter of Ivan V; age 17 when she married Frederick William Duke of Courland and Semigallia in 1710 CE

Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter I; age 17 when she married Charles Frederick I, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, in 1725 CE

Catherine II, wife of Peter III; age 16 when she married Peter in 1745 CE

Natalia Alexeievna, wife of Paul I; age 17 when she married Paul in 1773 CE

Maria Feodorovna, wife of Paul I; age 17 when she married Paul in 1776 CE

Elizabeth Alexeivna, wife of Alexander I; age 14 when she married Alexander in 1793 CE

Anna Feodorovna, wife of Konstantin Pavlovich; age 15 when she married Konstantin in 1796 CE

Alexandra Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 16 when she married Archduke Joseph of Austria in 1799 CE

Elena Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 15 when she married Frederick Louis, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1799 CE

Maria Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 18 when she married Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1804 CE

Catherine Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 21 when she married Duke George of Oldenburg in 1809 CE

Anna Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 21 when she married William II of the Netherlands in 1816 CE

Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas I; age 19 when she married Nicholas in 1817 CE

Joanna Grudzinska, wife of Konstantin Pavlovich; age 29 when she married Konstantin in 1820 CE

Elena Pavlovna, wife of Mikhail Pavlovich; age 17 when she married Mikhail in 1824 CE

Maria Nikolaevna, daughter of Nicholas I; age 20 when she married Maximilian de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, in 1839 CE

Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander II; age 17 when she married Alexander in 1841 CE

Elizaveta Mikhailovna, daughter of Mikhail Pavlovich; age 17 when she married Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, in 1844 CE

Alexandra Nikolaevna, daughter of Nicholas I; age 19 when she married Prince Frederick-William of Hesse-Kassel, in 1844 CE

Olga Nikolaevna, daughter of Nicholas I; age 24 when she married Charles I of Wurttemberg, in 1846 CE

Alexandra Iosifovna, wife of Konstantin Nikolaevich; age 18 when she married Konstantin in 1848 CE

Catherine Mikhailovna, daughter of Mikhail Pavlovich; age 24 when she married Duke Georg August of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, in 1851 CE

Alexandra Petrovna, wife of Nicholas Nikolaevich the Elder; age 18 when she married Nicholas in 1856 CE

Olga Feodorovna, wife of Michael Nikolaevich; age 18 when she married Michael in 1857 CE

Maria Feodorovna, wife of Alexander III; age 19 when she married Alexander III in 1866 CE

Olga Konstantinovna, daughter of Konstantin Nikolaevich; age 16 when she married George I of Greece in 1867 CE

Vera Konstantinovna, daughter of Konstantin Nikolaevich; age 20 when she married Duke Eugen of Wurttemberg in 1874 CE

Maria Pavlovna, wife of Vladimir Alexandrovich; age 20 when she married Vladimir in 1874 CE

Maria Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander II; age 19 when she married Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1874 CE

Anastasia Mikhailovna, daughter of Michael Nikolaevich; age 19 when she married Friedrich Franz III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1879 CE

Nadezhada Alexandrovna Dreyer, wife of Nicholas Konstantinovich; age 21 when she married Nicholas in 1882 CE

Elizabeth Feodorovna, wife of Sergei Alexandrovich; age 20 when she married Sergei in 1884 CE

Olga Valerianovna Paley, wife of Paul Alexandrovich; age 19 when she married Erich von Pistolhkors in 1884 CE

Elizabeth Mavrikievna, wife of Konstantin Konstantinovich; age 19 when she married Konstantin in 1885 CE

Anastasia of Montenegro, wife of Nicholas Nikolaevich the Younger; age 21 when she married George Maximilianovich, Duke of Leuchtenberg in 1889 CE

Milica of Montenegro, wife of Peter Nikolaevich; age 23 when she married Peter in 1889 CE

Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, wife of Paul Alexandrovich; age 19 when she married Paul in 1889 CE

Sophie Nikolaievna, wife of Michael Mikhailovich; age 23 when she married Michael in 1891 CE

Victoria Feodorovna, wife of Kirill Vladimirovich; age 18 when she married Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, in 1894 CE

Xenia Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander Mikhailovich; age 19 when she married Alexander in 1894 CE

Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II; age 22 when she married Nicholas in 1894 CE

Olga Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander II; age 18 when she married Count George-Nicholas von Merenberg in 1985 CE

Maria of Greece and Denmark, wife of George Mikhailovich; age 24 when she married George in 1900 CE

Alexandra von Zarnekau, wife of George Alexandrovich; age 16 when she married George in 1900 CE

Catherine Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander II; age 23 when she married Alexander Baryatinksy in 1901 CE

Olga Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander III; age 19 when she married Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg

Elena Vladimirovna, daughter of Vladimir Alexandrovich; age 20 when she married Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark in 1902 CE

Natalia Brasova, wife of Michael Alexandrovich; age 22 when she married Sergei Mamontov in 1902 CE

Elisabetta di Sasso Ruffo, wife of Andrei Alexandrovich; age 31 when she married Alexander Alexandrovitch Frederici in 1907 CE

Maria Pavlovna, daughter of Paul Alexandrovich; age 18 when she married Prince Wilhelm of Sweden in 1908 CE

Helen of Serbia, wife of Ioann Konstantinovich; age 27 when she married Ioann in 1911 CE

Tatiana Konstantinovna, daughter of Konstantin Konstantinovich; age 21 when she married Konstantine Bagration of Mukhrani, in 1911 CE

Irina Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander Mikhailovich; age 19 when she married Felix Felixovich Yusupov in 1914 CE

Nadejda Mikhailovna, daughter of Michael Mikhailovna; age 20 when she married George Mountbatten in 1916 CE

Antonina Rafailovna Nesterovkaya, wife of Gabriel Konstantinovich; age 27 when she married Gabriel in 1917 CE

Nadejda Petrovna, wife of Nicholas Orlov; age 19 when she married Nicholas in 1917 CE

Anastasia Mikhailovna, daughter of Michael Mikhailovna; age 25 when she married Sir Harold Wernher in 1917 CE

59 women; average age at first marriage was 20 years old. The oldest bride was 31 at her first marriage; the youngest was 14.

[whencyclopedia]

A Gallery of Fabergé Eggs

The tradition of giving miniature Easter eggs was not a new one but when Tsar Alexander III (r. 1881-1894) commissioned Peter Carl Fabergé (1846-1920) to make one for Easter in 1885, a legend was born. Over 50 eggs were made by the masters of Fabergé's workshop, many of them for the Russian imperial family as Alexander and then his son Nicolas II (r. 1894-1917) gave these to their wives and, in the case of the latter, also to the Dowager Empress each year at Easter.

Continue reading...

[uwmspeccoll]

Fine Press Friday! 

Our Limited Editions Club Shakespeare series keeps giving us more artists to look for in our collection! This week we found Carmen, by Prosper Mérimée (1803-1870) illustrated by French-born American painter and illustrator, Jean Charlot (1898-1979), published by the Limited Editions Club, New York, in 1941 in an unstated limited edition of 1500 copies signed by the artist. We learned about this edition because of the post we did a couple of weeks ago on Charlot’s illustrated edition of Shakespeare’s Henry VI, Part 3.

Mérimée’s 1846 novel about the eponymous Romani beauty, is most popularly well known from Georges Bizet’s famous opera of the same name, which is based on Part III of Mérimée’s story. The action is set in 1830s Andalusia, but Jean Charlot’s illustrations gives the story a Mexican flavor. Charlot worked mainly in Mexico and was a member of the Mexican Muralist Movement, sharing a studio with Fernando Leal who is considered to be one of the first Mexican Muralists. It was after the Mexican Revolution (1910-1917) that the new government sought to use murals to educate the public on social justice issues. From a young age, Charlot was fascinated by Mexican art and pre-Columbian artefacts and his mature work reflects this fascination, including in these illustrations.

The thirty-seven multi-layered color lithographs, which Charlot drew directly on the printing matrix, feel like miniature frescoes. Charlot laid down quick marks to color large areas of the image, which layer in overlapping color to give the image a lively energy. One could easily imagine one of the illustrations used as a page header as a mural above a doorway, signaling a transition. Or, one of the larger full-page illustrations as a mural on a large wall. I am taken by how these illustrations function well in both architectural and book spaces. The book is architecture.  

The lithographs were printed by Charlot’s friend Albert Carman in New York and the type is 18-point Linotype Bodoni printed by Aldus Printers in New York. . The paper was made by the Worthy Paper Company, was watermarked with the name of the book and the covers are wrapped in a vibrant hand-blocked color silk.

View more Limited Edition Club posts.

View more Fine Press Friday posts.

– Teddy, Special Collections Graduate Intern

[eclecticcheesecakewhispers]

✍🏻🌸💐🌸✍🏻

*👌🏼🔻 تعرف على امريكا الصهيونيه🔻👌🏼*

👇🏻🔻👇🏻

*🛑 أمريكا هي أقذر وأوسخ دولة عظمى مرت على وجه الأرض، وعلى مدار التاريخ :-*

رغم أنه لم يمر من عمر الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية غير حوالي (250) سنة فقط، إلا أنها قضت (93%) من عمرها، بما يعني (222) سنة في الحروب المختلفة على الدول الأخرى واحتلالها في أنحاء العالم كافة.

أكثر من (90) حربا وعدوانا، منها جرائم حرب.. وجرائم ضد الإنسانية، مما يدل علي أنها أحط وأشرس حضارة قامت عبر التاريخ، علما بأنه لا يوجد لأمريكا حضارة، وذلك طبقا لما ورد في تلك القائمة السوداء :-

1- عام 1833: قامت القوات الأمريكية بغزو نيكاراغوا.

2- عام 1888: دخلت القوات الأمريكية إلى البيرو.

3- 1846: احتلت القوات الأمريكية أرضا مكسيكية.. وضمتها إليها، وهي ما تعرف اليوم بولاية تكساس.

4- 1848: قامت القوات الأمريكية باحتلال أرض مكسيكية أخرى.. وضمتها إليها، وهي التي تُعرَف الآن بولايتي: كاليفورنيا ونيومكسيكو.

5- 1854: دمرت الولايات المتحدة ميناء "غراي تاون" في نيكاراغوا، انتقاماً منها لعدم قبول حكومتها دخول عميل أمريكي إلى أراضيها.

6- 1855: غزت القوات الأمريكية أورغواي، ثم غزت قناة بنما.

7- 1857: تدخلت في نيكاراغوا ثانية، لإفشال محاولة عدو أمريكا "وليم روكر" تولي السلطة.

8- 1873: قامت القوات الأمريكية بغزو كولومبيا، ثم قامت بعمليات ضدها على مدى الأعوام: 1885، 1891، 1892، 1893، 1898، 1899م.

9- 1888: تدخلت أمريكا في هايتي.

10- 1891: تدخلت أمريكا في تشيلي.

11- 1894: تدخلت الولايات المتحدة، مرة أخرى، في نيكاراغوا.

12- 1898: تدخلت أمريكا في كوبا، وحاصرت قواتها في البحر، وأخذت عنوة خليج "غوانتانامو" الذي تأسر فيه حالياً مئات العرب والمسلمين، في ظروف وحشية همجية غير إنسانية، باعتراف الأمريكيين أنفسهم.

13- 1901 - 1902: تدخلت أمريكا ثانية في كولومبيا.

14- 1902: تدخلت أمريكا في هندوراس.

15- 1904: الهجوم علي بنما.

16- 1905: الهجوم علي هندوراس.

17- 1907: استولت أمريكا على ست مدن في هندوراس.

18- 1907: الهجوم علي المكسيك لمساعدة الديكتاتور "بورويرو دمزبراي".

19- 1907: الهجوم علي نيكارجوا.

20- 1907: الدخول إلى جمهورية الدومينيكان لقمع الثورة.

21- 1908: المشاركة في الحرب بين هندوراس ونيكاراغوا.

22- 1910: التدخل بالقوة العسكرية في انتخابات بنما.

23- 1911: التدخل لقمع الإنقلاب ضد حكومة نيكاراغوا.

24- 1911: الدخول إلى الهندوراس لدعم التمرد بقيادة مانويل بونيلا، ضد الرئيس المنتخب ميغيل داويا.

25- 1911: قمع الانتفاضة المناهضة للولايات المتحدة في الفلبين.

26- 1912: التدخل العسكري في الصين.

27- 1912: الهجوم على كوبا.

28- 1912: الهجوم علي بنما.

29- 1912: الهجوم علي هندوراس.

30- 1914: قامت قوات "المارينز" بالدخول إلى هاييتي في عملية إنزال جوي، وسرقوا البنك المركزي فيها، بحجة استرداد ديون أمريكية.

31- 1915: احتلت أمريكا كلَّ هاييتي، وبقيت فيها إلى عام 1934م.

32- 1916: تدخلت القوات الأمريكية في الدومينكان ضد الثورة على السلطة الفاسدة،

وفرضت عليهم حكومة عسكرية عميلة لها، حتى عام 1924م.

33- 1917: احتلال كوبا.

34- 1918: المشاركة في الحرب العالمية الأولى.

35- 1920-1918: التدخل في روسيا.

36- 1919: التدخل عسكريا في بنما.

37- 1919: التدخل عسكريا في كوستاريكا.

38- 1920: الهجوم مرة أخرى علي هندوراس.

39- 1921: الهجوم علي جواتيمالا.

40- 1922: التدخل عسكريا في تركيا.

41- 1922: تدخلت القوات الأمريكية في السلفادور.

42- 1924: التدخل عسكريا في الصين.

43- 1925: الهجوم عسكريا علي هندوراس مرة أخرى.

44- 1926: الهجوم مرة أخرى علي بنما.

45- 1927: الهجوم علي نيكارجوا مرة أخرى.

46- 1932: احتلال الصين.

47- 1933: احتلال نيكارجوا.

48- 1934: احتلال هاييتي.

49- 1937: الهجوم على السلفادور.

50- 1945: الهجوم على نيكارجوا.

51- 1945: ما إن إنتهت الحرب العالمية، حتي قصفت الولايات المتحدة مدينتي هيروشيما وناجازاكي في اليابان، وفقد حوالي 220 ألف شخص حياتهم نتيجة لإلقاء القنبلة الذرية، إذ قتل أكثر من 100 ألف شخص خلال القصف مباشرةً، والباقي فقدوا حياتهم (آوخر عام 1945) نتيجة للإشعاعات الضارة التي أُصيبوا بها.

52- 1947: الهجوم علي اليونان.

53- 1950: الهجوم علي الفلبين.

54- 1950: الهجوم علي بورتريكو.

55- 1950: تورطت أمريكا في الحرب الكورية.

56- 1952: تدخلت في إيران، وقامت المخابرات الأمريكية بالقضاء على حكومة "محمد مصدق" الوطنية، وإعادة شاه إيران.

57- 1954: أطاحت أمريكا بحكومة غواتيمالا بالقوة.

58- 1958: الهجوم على كوريا.

59- 1958: الهجوم على لبنان.

60- 1959؛ الهجوم على بنما.

61- 1959: الهجوم على لاوس.

62- 1960: الهجوم على هاييتي.

63- 1960: عمليات عسكرية ضد الأكوادور.

64- 1961: غزت القوات الأمريكية "خليج الخنازير" في كوبا.

65- 1962: فرض الرئيس الأمريكي كيندي حصاراً بحرياً وجوياً على كوبا، لإجبار السوفييت على إبعاد صواريخهم الذرية عن الجزيرة.

66- 1965: الهجوم على بنما.

67- 1965: زجت "عقيدة الحرب"، المتأصلة في عقول وقلوب صناع السياسة الأمريكية كابراً عن كابر، بجيش الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية في "حرب فيتنام"، التي مارس فيها الجيش الأمريكي أبشع الجرائم، ليس ضد الإنسانية وحدها.. وإنما ضد النبات والحيوان، عندما انهمرت السموم الأمريكية من الطائرات الأمريكية لتهلك الحرث والزرع والحيوان فوق كل الأرض الفيتنامية، وتنتهي الحرب (عام 1975م) رغم كل أسلحة أمريكا ووحشية جيشها، بهزيمة تاريخية لهم.

68- 1966: إلقاء الطائرات الأمريكية الغازات السامة علي فيتنام.

69- 1966: الهجوم على جواتيمالا.

70- 1967: ساعدت المخابرات الأمريكية جيش بوليفيا ضد المناضل الثائر "تشي جيفارا"، وتمكنت من اغتياله.

71- 1970: غزت أمريكا كمبوديا، واعتدت على "ممثل شرعيتها" الأمير سيهانوك، الشخص المحايد في حرب فيتنام، وأسقطته. وسلمت الحكم إلى حكومة ضعيفة موالية لها.

72- 1971: الدعم العسكري وتحريض أندونيسيا ضد الفلبين.

73- 1972: قصف لاوس.

74- 1973: زعزعت الولايات المتحدة الاستقرار في تشيلي، واغتالت رئيسها المنتخب "سلفادور الليندي" المعارض لأمريكا، وأقامت حكومة ديكتاتورية عسكرية فيها.

75- 1980: الهجوم على نيكارجوا.

76- 1980: تولي دونالد ريغان السلطة، وطرح مشروع "حرب النجوم"، وأمد الكيان الصهيوني بمساعدات مالية طائلة، وبنى له قوة عسكرية متفوقة في المنطقة العربية.

77- 1981: نشر أمريكا صواريخها في كل أوروبا.

78- 1983: عمليات عسكرية ضد إيران.

79- 1986: التدخل العسكري في جرينادا.

80- 1988: الهجوم على ليبيا.

81- 1988: هجوم جديد على الهندوراس.

82- 1989: الهجوم على طائرة مدنية إيرانية، أدى إلى مقتل (290 راكباً) كانوا على متن الطائرة.

83- 1989: غزو عسكري ضد بنما.

84- 1991: إخماد الاضطرابات في "جزر العذراء" البريطانية.

85- 1991: العدوان على العراق.

86- 1995: العدوان علي البوسنة ذات الأغلبية المسلمة مع بعض دول اوروبا.

87- 1998: احتلال القوات الأمريكية للصومال، واستخدام العنف المفرط ضد مواطنيها العزل.

88- 1999: الهجوم على السودان.

89- 2001: الحرب ضد يوغوسلافيا، تحت غطاء حلف شمال الاطلسي "الناتو"، واستمر القصف (78 يوما).. ما أدى إلى انهيار يوغوسلافيا وتفككها.

90- 2001: الهجوم على أفغانستان واحتلالها، تحت ذريعة مطاردة "تنظيم القاعدة"، وتبين لاحقاً أن أمريكا هي من جهزت وشكلت ومولت "القاعدة". بتوكيل عملائها من الانظمة...

91- 2003: الهجوم على العراق واحتلاله، دون تفويض من الأمم المتحدة.

92- 2011: الهجوم على ليبيا بعد قيام الثورة فيها، والإطاحة بالقذافي.

93- 2011: الدعم الرسمي للمجموعات المسلحة في سوريا! ،(والحقيقة دعمها للنظام المجرم ومن حالفه من اعوانها مثل ايران وحلفها ... وإلخ).

94 - 2015: عدوانها المباشر بكل الأسلحة المحرمة الدولية على السنه في العراق، تحت مبرر "مقاتلة داعش".

95_ 2018: إعلان "القدس" عاصمة للكيان الصهيوني "إسرائيل".

96 -ولا ننسى ان الأمريكان أبادوا شعب كامل وهم الهنود الحمر واستولوا على كامل أراضيهم .

** "تاريخ إجرامي أسود"، هو عار على الجنس البشري إلى قيام الساعة.

انشروا..

ليزداد الوعي بخطر اميركا المجرمه يا أيها المسلمين ..

منقول

👍🌺🌸🌺👌

[yr-obedt-cicero]

Elizabeth Hamilton to Philip Hamilton II, [August 4, 1845];

I hope the fire and depression of the ___ companys have not affected any of my Children, where is John's family?

Hamilton, Alexander. Alexander Hamilton Papers: Family Papers, -1917; 1844 to 1846. - 1846, 1844. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

Elizabeth Hamilton to Philip Hamilton II, [August 20, 1845];

How is my son James family and where is John's?

Hamilton, Alexander. Alexander Hamilton Papers: Family Papers, -1917; 1844 to 1846. - 1846, 1844. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress.

Was John and his family just straight-up missing for a few weeks?

[cleverwordsandotherstuffilike]

Deaths

300 million – Smallpox, worldwide, 20th century200 million – Bubonic plague, worldwide, 1300s62 million – World War II, worldwide60 million – Mongol conquests, 13th century 50 million – H1N1 flu pandemic, worldwide, 191850 million – Famine, worldwide, 1960s 19 million – AIDS, worldwide to date9.6 million – Cancer, worldwide, 2017 1 million – Irish potato famine, 1846-1849 1 million – Flu pandemic, worldwide, 1957  1 million – Mosquito, annual, worldwide 835,000 – COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide, 2020 830,000 – Shaanxi earthquake, China, 1556800,000 – Rwanda, 1994 650,000 – Roman Colosseum for public entertainment, 80-404 618,222 – US Civil War 500,000 – War, Iraqis, 2003 to 2011 500,000 – Famine, worldwide, 2010-2016 400,000 – Homicides per year, worldwide 295,000 – Pregnancy and childbirth, worldwide 227,898 – Indian Ocean tsunami, 2004 113,990 – Injuries, Palestinians, 2008-2020 97,207 – Bosnian war 70,237 – Drug Overdoses (US), 2017 60,000 – Natural disasters per year, worldwide 58,209 – Vietnam War, 1955-1975 (US) 50,000 – Snakes, worldwide 48,344 – Suicide, annual (US) 38,000 – Car accidents, annual (US) 36,000 – Krakatoa eruption, Indonesia, 188332,836 – Terrorism, worldwide, 2018 30,000 – The Blitz, Londoners 25,000 – Hippopotamus16,214 – Homicides, US, 2018 15,000 – Holy Inquisition, 1184-180014,000 – Opioid overdoses, Canada, 2016-2020 5,614 – Injuries, Israelis, 2008-2020 5,585 – Fatalities, Palestinians, 2008-2020 3,466 – The Troubles, Ireland, 1968-1998 1,950 – Halifax explosion, 1917 1,517 – RMS Titanic, 19121,000 – Crocodile, worldwide651 – Homicides, Canada, 2018 500 – Plane crashes, worldwide, 2018 500 – Hippopotamus, Africa 300 – Great Chicago Fire, 1871 (US)270 – Pan Am Flight 103, Lockerbie, Scotland, 1988249 – Fatalities, Israelis, 2008-2020 72 – Grenfell Tower fire, London, 2017 36 – Hindenburg disaster, Lakehurst, N.J., 1937 (US)7 – Space shuttle Challenger, Florida, 1986 (US)4 – Kent State shootings, 1970 (US)