#AbigailAdams

[whencyclopedia]

Women in the American Revolution

In Colonial America, women were discouraged from taking an interest in politics and were instead expected to focus only on traditionally 'feminine' matters, such as homemaking and childrearing. However, such gender roles were challenged during the American Revolution (1765-1789), when women played a crucial role in achieving the independence of the United States.

From the very first signs of tension between the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain, colonial women discovered their political voice. Women were the driving force behind boycotts of British imports, shunning British tea in favor of local herbal substitutes, and holding spinning bees to reduce dependence on British cloth. Female writers, such as Mercy Otis Warren and Phillis Wheatley, helped turn public opinion against British rule, while hundreds of women accompanied the Continental Army to perform essential duties like washing, nursing, and cooking; some women, like Margaret Corbin, Mary Ludwig Hays, and Deborah Sampson, even took up arms and fought against the British. Although women were not viewed as politically equal to men after the war, their involvement proved to be a vital first step in the long struggle for women's rights in the United States.

Role of Women in Colonial America

In October 1608, the 'second supply' of English settlers arrived at the Jamestown Colony of Virginia to supplement the population of original settlers. Among these new arrivals was Thomas Forrest, a gentleman financier, who was accompanied by his wife, a woman listed in the ship's manifest only as 'Mistress Forrest', and her maid, Anne Burras. Mistress Forrest and Anne Burras were the first two English women to settle in Jamestown; Burras would marry later that year and earn the additional distinction of becoming the first English woman to give birth in Virginia. English women continued to sporadically arrive in Jamestown over the course of the next decade until 1619 when the Virginia Company decided to send large groups of women to foster a self-sustaining population. In 1620, 90 single women, many of them from poor families, arrived in Virginia as the first of the so-called Jamestown brides, or 'tobacco brides'. They were married off to Jamestown's male settlers, each of whom paid the Virginia Company a dowry of 120-150 pounds of tobacco. Additional groups of Jamestown brides continued to arrive in the following years.

Faced with this growing population of women, the colonists of Jamestown implemented a gender hierarchy similar to that which existed in England. This revolved around the doctrine of coverture, which stipulated that once a woman was married, she was under the complete authority of her husband and no longer enjoyed an independent legal status. A married woman, or feme covert, was legally considered to be one with her husband; she could no longer own property or sign contracts, and any money she earned belonged to her husband. Once a woman married, she was usually confined to the role of homemaker, devoting her hours to cleaning, cooking, ironing, sewing, and gardening. Divorce was difficult to obtain and was often only permissible if a pre-existing condition rendered the initial marriage invalid. As a result, many colonial women felt anxiety about marriage, with one woman referring to marriage as a 'dark leap' from the familiarity of her parents' house into an unknown future controlled by a man whose personality she may have misjudged (Norton, 42). Still, married life was more desirable than remaining a single woman – or feme sole – for too long, as spinsters were often placed near the bottom of the social hierarchy.

Of course, the status of colonial women varied from colony to colony, and widely depended on social class. Wealthy women, for instance, were usually better educated than lower-class women, as were women from Puritan New England who were often taught how to read in order to study the Bible. But, by and large, women were expected to remain within the 'feminine sphere' and to display only feminine traits such as modesty, cheerfulness, patience, and chastity. They were discouraged from expressing any interest in subjects that were considered masculine, particularly politics; attempts by colonial women to involve themselves in politics were met with punishment, as was the case with Anne Hutchinson, who was banished from Massachusetts in 1637 after challenging the authority of male religious leaders. But, as historian Mary Beth Norton points out, the advent of the American Revolution lent colonial women a political voice for the first time, helping to spark the slow progression of women's rights in the US.

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[whencyclopedes]

Mujeres en la revolución estadounidense

En las Trece Colonias, se disuadía a las mujeres de interesarse por la política y se esperaba que se centraran únicamente en asuntos tradicionalmente «femeninos», como las tareas domésticas y la crianza de los hijos. Sin embargo, estos roles de género se vieron cuestionados durante la Revolución estadounidense (1765-1789), cuando las mujeres desempeñaron un papel crucial en el proceso independentista de Estados Unidos.

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[whencyclopedfr]

Les Femmes dans la Révolution Américaine

Dans l'Amérique coloniale, les femmes étaient dissuadées de s'intéresser à la politique et étaient censées se concentrer uniquement sur les questions traditionnellement "féminines", telles que les tâches ménagères et l'éducation des enfants. Toutefois, ces rôles furent remis en question pendant la révolution américaine (1765-1789), lorsque les femmes jouèrent un rôle crucial dans l'obtention de l'indépendance des États-Unis.

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[twopartyopera]

Atlas of Independence

2PO-903: "Atlas of Independence" Starring John Adams and Abigail Adams. I also write about some of the sources around the term. #johnadams #abigailadams #revolutionarywar

I believe “Atlas of Independence” was coined by Richard Stockton, Declaration of Independence signer from the great state of New Jersey (who was captured and tortured for months by the British), at least according to John Adams’s grandson, Charles Francis Adams: The “deep conceptions and nervous style,” which made Mr. Adams stand forth in the memory of Jefferson, who had the strongest reasons for…

[digitldesignsbyrae]

Presidential clipart for your designs! Instant download 99 cents! #Adams #Jefferson #AbigailAdams #Americanpresident #clipart #USA #politicalhistory #Etsy https://instagr.am/p/CvFbTDhIOXf/

[roadtripnewengland]

Birthplace of Abigail Adams- Weymouth, Massachusetts. #AbigailAdams- the 2nd First Lady of the United States and mother to its 6th President was born here in 1744. #massachusetts_igers #mothersday (at Abigail Adams State Park) https://www.instagram.com/p/CdThULGuJNs/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[yourthomasjefferson]

@AmericanHistoricalTheatre and the @USNatArchives will present a debate between Abigail Adams and me today, Wednesday 3 July, at noon. If you cannot be in the room where it happens, the National Archives has provided a means by which you can watch from the same device by which you are reading this (link provided in my profile bio. It will remain available on the National Archives’ Youtube page until the end of the year) . . Kim Hanley is Abigail Adams. She made the clothing worn by both of us in this portrait, and she is the Executive Director of American Historical Theatre . . This portrait was rendered by @kylecassidy . . . #AHTheatre #YourThomasJefferson #ThomasJefferson #AbigailAdams #RememberTheLadies #CreatedEqual #debate #reenactor #firstperson #foundingmother #foundingfather (at National Archives Building) https://www.instagram.com/p/BzdHHCoDpYn/?igshid=3hwg1zzc0122

[rjbailey]

Reposted from @quotabelle - “Remember the Ladies” ~ Abigail Adams . . Wrote Abigail to John • March 31, 1776 • She was greatly admired...John’s most trusted advisor and life partner who became the wife of the 2nd US president and mother of the 6th US president. #womenshistorymonth . #BeautifullySaid by #abigailadams #firstlady #womenwholead #revolutionarywomen #letterwriter #gritandgrace #quotabelle - #regrann https://www.instagram.com/p/BuolYhZAzDP/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=ig4g5c71waw

[boldpreciousmetals]

Buy First Spouse Gold Coins Online | Bold Precious Metals

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Who is Margaret Taylor?

Margaret "Peggy" Mackall Taylor was the wife of President Zachary Taylor. She was the first lady of the United States from 1849 to 1850. Calvert County, Maryland, U.S. Pascagoula, Mississippi, U.S. For 30 years, she followed her husband, Zachary Taylor, during his military career to remote hardship outposts that stretched from Louisiana to northern Wisconsin, creating homes for her family in tents, cabins, and forts. After many years of living a nomadic Army life, Margaret Taylor was happy to finally have a permanent home in a renovated "Spanish cottage" in Baton Rouge.

The Army, however, soon had other plans for Zachary Taylor, calling upon him to serve in the Mexican-American War, from which he emerged as a national hero. When he became President, Margaret turned all official White House hostess duties over to their daughter, Betty Bliss. She lived a life just as she would have back in Baton Rouge, with informal family gatherings and visits by her grandchildren.

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[womenauthorsinhistory]

-Abigail Adams- (1744-1818) #womenartist #womanwriter #neverthelessshepersisted #girlsruntheworld #girlscandoanything #womenempowerment #femaleempowerment #womenartistsinhistory #womenauthorsinhistory #women #womenwriters #womenwritersofinstagram #womenshistory #history #abigailadams #revolution #revolutionarywar #americanwomen https://www.instagram.com/p/BouH1SRAlUS/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=16pfxhr02cc5m

[ofgraveconcern]

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19th May 1780, an unusual and apocalyptic darkening of the sky to near blackness, occurs around midday in New England, during the American Revolution, thought by some to be the beginning of the end of the world. Known as ‘New England’s Dark Day’, it was seen over New England, and as south as New Jersey, where residents were forced to light candles in the middle of the day. The dark day was preceded a few days before by a red sun, moon, and a yellow sky. Abigail Adams, wife of the second president John Adams, observed from Braintree Massachusetts, ‘About 8 oclock in the Evening almost Instantaneously the Heavens were covered with Egyptian Darkness’. The cause is now known to have been the result of forest fires in Ontario, Canada. Follow @ofgrave.concern for more tales of the historically strange, gothic and macabre. #newenglandhistory #18thcenturyhistory #18thcentury #newenglandlife #strangehistory #weirdhistory #strangeevents #apocalyptic #apocalypticart #weatherhistory #braintreema #abigailadams #historicalillustration #illustrationvideo #historicalplace #weirdweather #weirdweatherday #18thcenturystyle #oddhistory #oddevents #historymystery #historymysteries #endoftheworld #itstheendoftheworld #strangeandunusual #gothictales #gothichistory #macabrehistory #historicalstory #historicalstories https://www.instagram.com/p/CPJBoZInxW9/?utm_medium=tumblr

[whencyclopedia]

Mercy Otis Warren

Mercy Otis Warren (1728-1814) was an American poet, playwright, and activist during the era of the American Revolution (1765-1789). Through her works of political satire, she advocated for the Patriot cause and became acquainted with several revolutionary leaders. In 1805, she published a three-volume comprehensive history of the revolution, considered to be her magnum opus.

A self-educated woman, Warren became a staunch Patriot during the American Revolution, writing three plays and two works of dramatic prose in support of American rights and liberties. Although these works were published anonymously, she still won the attention of many Patriot leaders, whom she often hosted at her Plymouth home. After the United States won its independence, Warren criticized the US Constitution, fearful that it would lead to an oppressive federal government, and denounced the Federalist Party, whom she accused of having betrayed the principles of the Revolution in exchange for power. Her History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution was an important historical work that won her both acclaim and derision.

Early Life

Mercy Otis was born on 25 September 1728 in Barnstable, Massachusetts. She was the third of 13 children born to James Otis Sr. (1702-1778) and his wife Mary Allyne Otis (1702-1774). Her father was a prosperous attorney and politician who won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1745, and her mother was a member of an old Massachusetts family, descended from a Mayflower passenger. As a young girl, Mercy Otis dutifully learned the domestic skills that women were expected to know in 18th-century America, such as cooking, sewing, and needlework. But Mercy's ambition and her appetite for knowledge caused her to look beyond the limits of gender roles. When her two elder brothers, James Jr. and Joseph, were sent to the home of Reverend Jonathan Russell to be tutored, Mercy accompanied them, sitting in on their lessons. Mercy was thereby educated in the topics of classical literature and history and was given access to Reverend Russell's extensive library to study other fields. It was unusual for a girl to be given such a broad education in colonial America, but Mercy's academic endeavors seem to have been supported by her father and brothers.

Despite her accumulated wealth of knowledge, Mercy Otis' gender precluded her from being admitted into Harvard, the college that both her elder brothers ultimately attended. Still, she celebrated when James Jr. graduated in 1743; his commencement ceremony at Cambridge may have marked the first time Mercy set foot off Cape Cod. It may also have been the occasion when she first met James Warren, a first-year student at Harvard and a friend of her brother's. Through his friendship with James Otis Jr. and his business dealings with their father, James Warren spent a lot of time with the Otis family over the next several years and became particularly close with Mercy. On 14 November 1754, Mercy married James Warren and moved with him to Plymouth, Massachusetts, where she would live for the rest of her life. By all accounts, theirs was a happy marriage; they rarely argued, and James encouraged Mercy's literary and writing interests, referring to her affectionately as the 'scribbler'. When James' father died, the couple moved onto the Warren family estate of Clifford Farm, where Mercy gave birth to five healthy sons between 1757 and 1766. It was during her second pregnancy in 1759 that Mercy wrote her first known poems.

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[bonniefillenwarth]

@jeopardy remembered the ladies. #jeopardy #whois #clue #remembertheladies #abigailadams #foundingmothers (at Indianapolis, Indiana)

[twopartyopera]

Your Ever Faithfull Friend

2PO-902: "Your Ever Faithfull Friend" Inside Peacefield, the home of John and Abigail Adams. #johnadams #abigailadams #presidents

Inside Peacefield, the home of John and Abigail Adams.

[digitldesignsbyrae]

Presidential clipart for your designs! #Adams #Jefferson #AbigailAdams #Americanpresident #clipart #USA #politicalhistory #Etsy https://instagr.am/p/CtxGM21oSZ_/

[roadtripnewengland]

Abigail Adam’s Cairn, Quincy MA. From this spot atop Penn Hill #AbigailAdams and her young son (and future President) John Quincy Adam’s watched the smoke rise from a burning Charlestown, and listened to the cannon fire during the Battle of Bunker Hill #igersnewengland #storiesfrombunkerhill #josephwarren #bunkerhill (at Abigail Adams Cairn) https://www.instagram.com/p/CO0sxT2lCB1/?igshid=7w3zya8jyxvx