#Array as ADT

[adtindustriesmumbai]

ADT Industries is a premier manufacturer and supplier of high-performance waterproofing chemicals, construction chemicals, and allied solutions. Renowned for our unwavering commitment to quality and innovation, we serve a wide array of industries including real estate, infrastructure, commercial construction, and industrial sectors.

[codingprolab]

CS 202 - Computer Science II Project 3

Objectives: The two main objectives of this project is to test your ability to (1) create and use pointers, and (2) create and use C++ classes. A review of your knowledge of structs, arrays, iostream, file I/O and C-style strings is also included. Description: This project will expand Project 2 by adding additional functionality, using pointers, and implementing abstract data types (ADTs) through…

[codeshive]

solved CSCI 2270 – Data Structures - Assignment 1

VectorADT In this assignment you will be writing an ADT for an array of size 10. Project has following folder tree . ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── CMakeLists.txt.in ├── README.md ├── app │   └── main.cpp ├── build ├── code │   ├── Vector10.cpp │   └── Vector10.h └── tests └── test_Vector10.cpp CMakeLists.txt : Ignore this file CMakeLists.txt.in : Ignore this file README.md : Readme file app\ :…

[myprogrammingsolver]

Lab 3: Queue Implementations

Goals: * Implement a Queue class using a link-based data structure: queue_linked.py * Implement a Queue class using a circular array: queue_array.py * In the first implementation, you will use a linked structure similar to the linked structure used in implementing the Stack ADT (i.e. create a Node class). In this case, there must be a way to add items to the back of the list and remove items from…

[iamnikoli]

AY23/24 Sem 1 Module Reviews

This sem is probably the most difficult sem of my degree acads wise. Since I scored much better than expected in Year 1, I could afford to fully focus on core modules that would teach me useful skills related to my major. Hence, I decided to take 4 core modules, namely CS2040, DSA2101, DSA2102 and MA2311, along with GEN2061X. I did slightly underload to give myself more time for CS2040, which has a very high workload. I was also expecting a drop in GPA since most of the modules I took this sem weren't exactly easy or fluff. Nonetheless, I grew much closer to the friends I worked with in the different mods, and it made all the difference to my mental well-being as well as my academic performance.

CS2040

Module Coordinator & Lecturer: Dr Chong Ket Fah

T/A: Gary (tutorial), Chao Ming (lab), Sourabh (lab)

Lecture Topics/Schedule:

Week 1: Course Admin + Intro to Java, Analysis of Algorithms 1 Week 2: Analysis of Algorithms 2, Sorting 1 Week 3: Sorting 2, List ADT 1 (Array List, Linked List, Stack, Queue) Week 4: List ADT 2 Week 5: Map ADT (HashTable) Week 6: Priority Queue ADT (Binary Heap) Week 7: Disjoint Sets ADT (Union Find Disjoint Set), Ordered Map ADT 1 (Binary Search Tree/AVL Tree) Week 8: Ordered Map ADT 2, Graph Intro + Graph DS Week 9: Graph Traversal and Applications 1 Week 10: Graph Traversal and Applications 2, Minimum Spanning Tree  Week 11: Single Source Shortest Path 1 Week 12: Single Source Shortest Path 2, All Pairs Shortest Path Week 13: Revision

Deliverables:

Tutorial attendance/participation - 3% Lab attendance - 2% One-Day Assignments (ODAs) - 1.5% x10 Take Home Assignments (THAs) 1.5% x8 qns, 2 qns per assignment Visualgo Quiz - 4% x2 Midterm - 20% Final Exam - 40%

Other Comments:

Although this module is hard (as you probably already know), I would say I enjoyed it for the most part. First of all, Dr Chong Ket Fah is an amazing lecturer, and he explains things very clearly. This made understanding the difficult concepts a lot easier. Dr Chong is also very nice and understanding towards students, for example, I fell sick one day before a one-day assignment and he extended my ODA deadline to the day after my MC ended which was basically one week later lol. These things might seem insignificant but they are highly appreciated by students (me at least).

There was a lot of content to cover in this module, and frankly, it can sometimes get overwhelming. On paper, there are 3 hours of lectures every week on Zoom exclusively, but Prof Chong often overruns to about 4-5 hours of lecture time a week. Not to worry, the lectures are recorded and you can watch them later. It is paramount that you keep up to pace with the lectures as it's not realistic to cram all of it in reading week, anyway you'll need the lecture content 1-2 weeks later to solve the ODAs and THAs. Also, we're expected to learn Java within the first 2 weeks, as prof does not teach java, he just gave us a learning package/crash course to do on our own. This is very important for students with no Java background like DSA students because we'll be expected to complete all our coding assignments in Java from end of week 2/week 3 onwards.

I attended the tutorial slot by Gary, and Gary is absolutely goated. He is very clear in explaining things, and often talks about potential extensions/modifications to the questions which may come up in the exams. This was very helpful in cultivating the sort of skills and thought process needed in the midterms/finals. Gary is also very chill and dedicated, we can message him on Telegram if we have any questions, and usually the night before the exams, he would stay up all night to answer questions that we had. Where are you gonna find such a dedicated TA HAHAHA please give this man a raise The only not-so-good thing about the tutorials is that the bulk of questions are pseudocode/coming up with algorithm questions, but the majority of questions in the exam are MCQ. I would've liked to see more of the latter in the tutorials as many of us felt unprepared for MCQ-style questions in the exams. From my understanding, the exams used to be a lot heavier in pseudocode questions, which might explain such an emphasis on such questions in the tutorial. If so, the tutorials might need a refresh.

Labs are essentially dedicated to solving ODA questions, and you can ask your lab TAs if you're stuck on either the ODAs or THAs. Apparently, they are also the ones that grade them. For me, I left my whole Friday empty in case I got stuck on an ODA and needed more time to solve it, since you have to complete in 24 hours. I also worked on the problem before my lab slot, like once the assignment opened at 10am. This was to ensure I made full use of my lab TAs expertise during the precious 2 hours if I got stuck, instead of trying to understand the question and come up with a first iteration to solve it. The ODAs in general were not terribly difficult though. As for the lab TAs, most of us preferred to talk to Chao Ming because he was more approachable and helpful. However, we often don't understand each other's algorithm suggestions HAHAHA. On the other hand, Sourabh was very passive. Maybe he was in charge of doing the assignment grading? But my friend asked him questions on telegram and got blue-ticked (I think more than once) so there's that. Oh also, you're required to submit pseudocode before or during the lab which also acts as your lab attendance grade, which is why you should start working on it before the lab because 2 hours to do pseudocode and actually code and debug is very tight.

THAs were more difficult, and I spent about 1-4 days on each question. There were 4 THAs in total, 2 questions in each THA. Discussing algorithms with friends really helps because a lot of these problems are not straightforward and require a good grasp of lecture content along with creativity. Unlike CS1010, your code now has to be efficient and meet the required run-time, otherwise it will not be accepted. Hence, talking to friends to see if there are other more efficient ways of solving the problem is highly efficient on your time needed to solve the THAs. Do note that looking at other people's code is not allowed, as mentioned by the prof so just be careful not to show actual code when discussing. The worst THA though probably has to be the AVL tree one, it was incredibly painful to have to build the AVL tree on your own and do all the rotations. Maybe deforestation isn't so bad after all Nonetheless, you should score full marks for both the ODAs and THAs as most people do after countless tries or discussing algorithms with friends.

Midterms and finals were pretty similar, exams were on Examplify and the bulk of it was MCQ questions, with 2-3 pseudocode/come-up-with-algorithm questions. The midterm tested until hashtables and was apparently harder than finals. As many of you know, Prof Chong sets hard papers so be prepared. Make sure you read the question properly as there's a lot of constraints/things to look out for to get the correct answer. Prof's questions also tend to be very long and confusing so it might take a lot of time and brain-power to understand what's going on in the question. Exams were open-book closed internet, the midterm was 1.5 hours and the final exam was 2 hours. You have to have a good grasp of the various algorithms, how they work, how their time complexities are derived and subsequently in what situations each algorithm works best/worst. I highly recommend working on the pseudocode questions at the end first because they need more time to think and come up with the solution, and if you don't know anything just write something out, and you'll get at least one mark. The MCQs can still be guessed if you run out of time, but try to do them well because they form the bulk of the marks. Do lots of PYPs to get a feel of the MCQ questions and see how the pseudocode questions should be answered. Also, for the pseudocode questions, I observed that writing in paragraphs/essay-style is much better than the usual code style because there's more ambiguity and it's easier for the marker to understand your algorithm's logic compared to code-style which will often be ridden with errors. For finals, prof actually dropped quite a few hints when he was going through the PYPs without answers in Week 13 lectures so do make sure to watch that. My score for the midterm was 58/100 (77th percentile), and the final exam was 75/95 (93rd percentile). Midterm stats 0 39 47 56 95, finals stats 0 41 50 62 91. Finals was originally out of 100, but there was an issue with the time complexity required and getting the correct answer (apparently the solution to solve it in that time complexity results in overcounting) in the last pseudocode questions, so prof re-based it to 5 instead of 10 marks and marked according to the next best algorithm to get the right answer.

Lastly, there were 2 Visualgo quizzes held during lab slots, one in Week 7 and the other in Week 13. Make sure to practise a lot of Visualgo questions in hard mode. I found the week 13 quiz much harder because the later topics were harder, especially MST. As a result, I got 14/15 for it because I got the 2nd best MST question wrong (so saddd). The first quiz was pretty easy though. Most people get full marks for both so.

All in all, I find this module difficult but also rewarding. A lot of the concepts taught are important, for example, I'm working on a project now that makes use of what I learnt in 2040. All the best to those taking it in future sems, rest assured Dr Chong is a very good prof and you're in good hands! Just put in the work and you should stay afloat

TLDR:

High workload, don't overload (in fact try to underload) when taking this mod Leave your Fridays empty to work on the ODAs Learn Java ahead of time if you can to get used to the syntax, don't leave THAs to the last minute because you need time. Discuss with friends to maximise efficiency on coding assignments Do PYPs and understand how each algo works, how the time complexity comes about, when to use what algo Do lots of Visualgo practice for the quizzes

Grades:

Expected grade: A- Actual grade: A

DSA2101

Module Coordinator & Lecturer: Dr Huang Yuting

T/A: Augustine

Lecture Topics:

R programming.

Importing data into R.

Data manipulation with R (Tidyverse)

Principles of data visualization.

Introduction to the grammar of graphics (ggplot2)

Exploring data through visualization.

Deliverables:

Tutorial Attendance - 5% DataCamp assignments - 10% Group project - 15% Midterm - 30% Finals - 40%

Other Comments:

This module has a pretty light workload, and the content is quite straightforward. It's a coding mod about data cleaning and visualisation using R. I thought I would be disadvantaged as I was pre-allocated DSA1101 in Sem 1 last year under Dr Sun, which had little coding emphasis and more stats/math, whereas in Sem 2 Dr Daisy Pham took over and revamped the whole module to essentially be about R coding. However, the first few weeks of lectures were about R coding and it was more than enough time to catch up. Also, it turns out that I'm quite quick at debugging in R, which is a great asset in exams. Dr Huang is a good lecturer in my opinion, she is concise and emphasises on the important things. Lectures are basically her going through slides which show various ways to code using a variety of tools/functions, and often she'll do a live demo to reinforce what was taught in the slides. She encourages us to code alongside her, and for this reason (apart from the fact that lectures are at 8am), I think it's better to watch the recorded lectures as you can pause and try them out yourself before continuing. Prof is also very approachable and quick to reply my emails, even if I ask a barrage of questions.

Tutorials are coding questions for you to try out on your own, and the TA will go through them. Augustine was a good TA, on top of the solutions provided by prof, he would add other methods to get the same result, and he was decent at explaining the code flow and thought process. He also responded to my queries on Telegram for the most part. As for the tutorial questions, I highly recommend trying them out on your own without using chatgpt to debug, because it's good practice for exams.

DataCamp Assignments were 8 x 1.25% online modules/courses? on DataCamp. These are free marks so just make sure you complete them by the deadline. DataCamp honestly isn't very helpful in learning because almost everything is filled in, and they just need you to fill in a few blanks.

The midterm was a 1.5-hour Examplify, open-book but closed internet exam, held in Week 8 at 8am (!!), and this was probably the most difficult part of the course. Most people weren't mentally awake at 8am, and the paper was quite difficult. It is easy to forget a certain function or have syntax errors, and R isn't the easiest language to debug in. It might be tempting to keep working on one part before moving on to the next because each sub-part leads to another, but the grading was very lenient in the sense that even if you miss out on a lot of things, you can still get the bulk of the marks. The key point is to try and complete everything and you should be above the median already. Since you don't have internet access, it is paramount that you do the tutorials as practice without the internet to prepare for the midterm. There were also a lot of small things that tripped people up, such as not being able to read the excel file in R when the excel file is open on your computer, ctrl-c ctrl-v being locked, the question paper on Examplify only taking half of the screen and couldn't be expanded etc. Overall it was a bad experience but luckily the grading was so kind. I got 27.5/30, the median was 21.25/30. Also do note that you have to copy your code from R into Examplify and differences between the R code submitted on Canvas and the Examplify code will be subjected to penalties. However, the Examplify exam does not auto-submit when time is up because there's 15 minutes after the exam to complete all the admin, so make sure your file can knit and all (basically the correct version of your R file) before you copy and paste into Examplify.

The group project was a report where we had to come out with 3 different plots using ggplot to investigate a meaningful question from one of the datasets given. We were allowed to choose our group members regardless of tutorial slot, so be sure to take this mod with friends!! My group did San Francisco Rentals, which a lot of people avoided because there were a lot of observations and variables/columns, but it turned out to be quite easy as we only had to select a few columns to work with. I had other friends who did the Lego dataset which seemed easy at first glance, but turned out to be a nightmare because you had to join a lot of different tables together to get the data you wanted. Unfortunately, I don't know why my group underperformed, I only got 12.5/15, and I assume a lot of people would get 13-15 out of 15 (stats were not released). Anyways just make sure you don't leave the project to the last minute because it can be quite tedious to code and have to write the report.

Finals were a lot easier than midterms. The format was Examplify open-book, closed-internet 2-hour exam, consisting of 25 marks of MCQ/fill-in-the-blank questions and 15 marks of coding. The coding this time around was much simpler, and possibly because we're more experienced by then. The MCQ questions were very easy, and if you were unsure of anything (eg. the definition of tidy data), you could just Ctrl-F. Hence, I recommend collating the lecture slides into one document to more efficiently Ctrl-F. This also helps for the coding questions, as there was 1 data-cleaning and 2 ggplot questions, and if you're unsure of which ggplot function to plot the graph, there's a summary on the lecture slides, alongside an example of the syntax to come up with the plot. Hence, I finished the exam with half an hour to spare and checked through my answers. I think the bell curve for this paper is quite steep because it was relatively easy. There was only one part that tripped some people up, which was removing NAs before or after performing pivot-longer. This will yield different results and affects 2 MCQ questions and the 5 mark coding question. Other than that, the exam is straightforward so be sure not to make careless mistakes.

TLDR:

Practise tutorials without ChatGPT Go through tutorial questions and answers, collate lecture slides into 1 document for easy ctrl-F-ing in the exams In the exams, aim to complete everything rather than perfect certain parts. Move on if you're stuck Don't be careless, read the questions carefully Work with trusted friends for the group project to minimise pain

Grades:

Expected grade: A- Actual grade: A

DSA2102

Module Coordinator & Lecturer: Dr Timothy Wertz

T/A: Tianyun

Lecture Topics:

Week 1: Introduction, Scientific Notation Week 2: Computer Arithmetic, Matrix Operations and Complexity Week 3: Systems of Linear Equations Week 4: Elimination with Pivoting, LU Factorization Week 5: Cholesky Factorization, Linear Least Squares Week 6: Gram-Schmidt Process, Reflections and Rotations Week 7: Singular Value Decomposition Week 8: Eigenvalue Problems Week 9: Power Iteration, QR Iteration Week 10: Singular Value Decomposition Revisited, Interpolation, Practical Interpolation Week 11: Orthogonal Polynomials Week 12: Numerical Integration Week 13: Error Formulas and Composite Quadrature, Other Integration Algorithms, Numerical Differentiation

Deliverables:

Homework - 5% x4 [lowest HW score can be substituted by lecture attendance grade] Midterm - 30% Finals - 50%

Other Comments:

This module is not difficult, but there's just a lot of content to remember. First of all, Dr Wertz is a pretty good lecturer, he is concise in explaining things and he splits his lectures into 3 categories: technical, conceptual, and enrichment. About 40% of the slides are enrichment which is nice to know but not required for the homework or exams. I would've liked to see a labelling of each slide under one of the 3 categories which would have made revising for exams a lot easier. Prof is also very helpful and answers questions at the end of the lecture. However, he also speaks very fast and tends to mumble/have run-off sentences so if your first language is not English, you might have a hard time understanding him.

There were 4 homeworks, each was out of 50. Like most math modules, the homework median is usually close to full marks, except for Homework 2 which had a killer counting operations of banded matrix question. As usual, discuss with friends to check your answers. The homework questions are mostly not tough, they are questions that are covered in lectures. Each homework also has an R coding question, but it's usually quite simple as prof has pseudocode in the slides, you just need to adapt them into actual code. If not, the tutorials also have an R question usually, refer to the tutorials for inspiration. Also, prof took lecture attendance, and while lectures are not compulsory (lectures are recorded too), it can replace your lowest homework grade, whichever is higher. I highly recommend getting the attendance grade as a safety net.

Tutorials were apparently hit-or-miss. My TA, Tianyun, was a pretty good TA and he explained relatively well. Sometimes, I didn't understand him but he was very approachable to me asking him questions after tutorial and he cleared all my doubts. He was also very dedicated, because there was one week that another TA took over him, and damn he kinda sucks because he doesn't explain well and totally skipped the R coding question, which I needed to solve a homework question. After asking the substitute TA about it, he just shrugged and said he doesn't provide R code. However, after I emailed Tianyun about it, he came up with his own R solution to the problem as prof hadn't sent him the solution yet. This sort of proactiveness is appreciated. As for the tutorial questions itself, it's mostly not hard and quite a good reflection of exam questions.

The midterm was a 80-minute pen-and-paper, scientific calculator exam, and we had to bring our own writing paper and scan our answers to upload ala homework-style within 10 minutes. The paper was relatively simple but computationally intensive, so avoid making careless mistakes. We were tested up to Week 6 content, and it was quite right-skewed. I got 41/50, the stats are 0 33 39 43 50. The final exam was a 2-hour pen-and-paper, scientific calculator exam that was out of 50. It was honestly even simpler than the midterm because it was less computationally-intensive, the first question was a bit odd, asking us to consider the number of operations to get the time complexity of some algorithms. The rest of the questions were standard, and mirrored questions from lecture examples, tutorials or the midterm/final practice papers that prof gave. Prof said he sets easier papers by not allowing us to bring cheatsheets in, and I think he kept to his word. The hard part comes in memorising the sheer number of algorithms and ways to solve the questions.

TLDR:

Keep up with tutorials so that you remember the algorithms more easily As usual, check homework answers with friends, attend lectures for safety net/grade boost in case you screw up a HW Try to understand the process of the algorithms to make life easier when studying for exams Don't make careless mistakes in exams

Grades:

Expected grade: B+ Actual grade: A

MA2311

Module Coordinator & Lecturer: Assoc Prof Leung Man Chun

T/A: Shixiao

Lecture Topics:

1. Sequences (Monotone convergence theorem, series, absolute and conditional convergence) 2. Tests of convergence (Power series and interval of convergence, Taylor’s series, differentiation and integration of power series) 3. Vectors in R2 and R3 (Dot product and cross product) 4. Functions of 2 or 3 Variables (Limits and continuity, partial derivatives, directional derivatives, gradients of functions, Taylor’s formula, maximum and minimum, second derivative test) 5. Vector-valued Functions of Several Variables (Chain rule, tangent planes and normal lines to surfaces in R3, Jacobians (change of volume/area element), Lagrange's multiplier method) 6. Multiple Integrals (Iterated integrals, change of order of integration, change of variable formula for multiple integrals)

Deliverables:

Midterms - 20% Finals - 80% (!!)

Other Comments:

Despite my grade for the mod, I can safely say this is the WORST mod I've taken in NUS so far. This prof really sucks, period. Although some math majors were warning ppl about him in the CHS group chat, I thought that since the module content was easy, even if the prof is bad it shouldn't be too big a problem. How wrong I was HAHA (but tbf, I heard Charmaine Sia who's teaching MA2104 isn't that great either and 2104 is tougher so it's not an easy choice). At this point, the module should be renamed to Techniques in Advanced Gambling because I felt like I was throwing a dart blindfolded and seeing what grade I would land. The 80% finals really made it feel like a lottery.

Let's start with the lectures. Someone else mentioned that the lecture slides were bad, and yes it's true. It's just emptiness all around, like very few words and some random diagrams and pictures. I can understand if the prof wants us to take notes, and that's why he left so many blanks. But the problem is that his lectures hardly refer to the slides. 99% of the time he's writing some stuff on paper and showing it to the lecture hall on the visualiser, so no one knows which part he's explaining, especially since he really cannot teach and explain things well to us. I think it's very hard to learn content from his lectures, but I do think there is some value in watching them which I will explain later. I managed to get my hands on the previous prof's lecture slides which helped me to keep up with the tutorials but I didn't watch the lectures from midterms until reading week, as a result, I didn't exactly master the later topics until reading week.

As for the tutorials, Shixiao was a pretty good TA because he would explain things in a way that made sense. He was also helpful despite a lot of dumb questions I asked at the end of each tutorial lol. He was probably the saving grace of this mod. However, the tutorial questions were directly ripped from last AY's MA2311 (this prof was the TA for the mod then) and the prof is so lazy that he didn't even remove the previous prof's name from the tutorial solution slides!! So this means no one really knows what kind of questions the prof will set since there's no reference or anything.

Midterms was a 1-hour pen-and-paper exam held in the lecture hall on Week 8, and it was open-book. Apparently, it was closed-internet but there was nothing to block internet access. Nonetheless, you have access to all your notes and I also downloaded Geogebra offline to check limits lol. We were tested until radius of convergence. 2 questions were directly from the tutorial but just slightly altered, the last question was slightly unorthodox but still doable. I got 19/20, and I think a lot of people did too. We only got back the midterms on the very last lecture in Week 13 so if you realised you screwed up there's honestly not much time to catch up. The average according to the prof was around 18/20.

Finals was your typical 2-hour, pen-and-paper, scientific calculator and 1 A4 double-sided cheatsheet math final exam. (Note: There was 1 part of question 1 that was voided and the paper was re-based to 95 instead of 100.) The fact that finals was 80% was extremely scary, and it was a sink-or-swim situation. I spent the bulk of reading week looking through the textbook and trying out questions from there (answers can be found online if you're resourceful enough), and alongside going through the prev AY's prof notes in more detail I got a better idea of the content. To be fair, most of the content was not difficult except for the part on volume multiple integration. Nonetheless, I still poured a lot of effort and time into this module because I couldn't risk the 80%. After understanding everything, I watched the prof's lectures to see if there was anything I missed out on and also to get some hints. He was emphasising one particular question at the end of the last week 13 lecture which I added wholesale into my cheatsheet, and lo and behold, it came out in the last question of the finals. As for the finals paper itself, I could do most of the questions, it was a relatively even spread across all the topics in both the first and second half but I wasn't sure if I got them correct because even the first question, which was a giveaway L-hopital limit question, I got wrong LOL. I think there were a few questions that felt a bit strange and unfamiliar, but if you know your concepts well it should not be an issue. Overall, some people felt it was easy and some felt it was difficult, which I attribute to whether you know the content and watched his lectures or not. Still though, 80% is crazyyyyyy

TLDR:

Listen to other ppl's advice, don't take this mod under this AY's prof unless you like gambling if you're taking it under him, I wish you all the very best

Grades:

Expected grade: idek Actual grade: A+

[a-coda]

Advent of Code

As a child, advent calendars always added to the sense of anticipation in the lead up to Christmas. In my day you would be lucky to get a small picture behind each of the doors. These days, children expect chocolates or sweets. My wife has once even had a "Ginvent Calendar", with gin behind each door.

This year I marked Advent by having a go at the "Advent of Code" which has Christmas-themed programming puzzles posted each day. Most days are in two parts, with an easier puzzle followed by a harder one. Traditionally, I've posted a (mostly ignored) programming puzzle to our development team each Christmas. Last year I just recycled one of the Advent of Code puzzles, but this year I suggested we attempt the whole thing. The puzzles are so well thought out, in comparison to my efforts, that it seemed pointless to compete.

In the end, several of the team had a go. Some of the puzzles were harder than others, but I managed to solve them all by Boxing Day. What follows are some personal anecdotes from the various days with some general thoughts at the end. Note that there are some spoilers and the notes won't mean much if you've not done the puzzles. So in this case just skip to the end.

a sum-finder. I implemented the search tree via recursive calls. I drifted into using Python right from the start. It just felt like the easiest way to hack the puzzles quickly. In the past I had thought about using the puzzles to learn a new language. A colleague had done that with Rust in a previous year. Despite these good intentions, expediency took a firm hold. That said, in several puzzles I would have liked immutable collections or at least Lisp-style lists.

a pattern counter. Not that interesting except patterns were emerging in the programs themselves. Regular expressions got used a lot to read in the puzzle data. I learnt about things like match.group(1,2,3) which returns a tuple of the first three match groups, so you don't have to write (m.group(1), m.group(2), m.group(3)).

a grid tracer. The first interesting one because it was unfamiliar. Some other patterns started emerging: problem parameters got promoted to command line arguments, and data structure printers got hacked to help debugging. These two were often added between part 1 and part 2 of each problem.

a data validator. This felt like a bit of a slog. It was mostly about capturing the validation rules as code. Even though I made a point of reminding myself at the start that re.search doesn't match the whole string I still forgot it later. Duh.

an indexing problem. I patted myself on the back for realizing that the index was a binary number (or pair of binary numbers as I did it). At this point the solutions were still neat and I would do a little code golfing after the solution to tidy them up a bit and make them more concise.

another pattern counter. Pre-calculating some things during data reading kept the later code simple.

a recursive calculator. This was one of those puzzles where I had to reread the description several times to try and understand what it was asking for. It entailed a slightly tricky recursive sum and product, which was again made easier by creating more supporting data structures while reading the input data.

an interpreter. Probably my favourite individual puzzle because it was so sweet, especially after a bit of refactoring to make the language more data-driven.

another sum-finder. I found I didn't particularly like these.

an order-finder. This was the first one that made me pause for thought. An overly naive search algorithm from part 1 hit a computational complexity wall in part 2. I beat the problem by realizing that the search only had to be done on small islands of the data, but a colleague pointed out there was a better linear solution. The code was starting to get a bit ragged, with commented out debugging statements.

the game of life. The classic simulation but with some out-of-bounds spaces and some line-of-sight rules. It helped to print the board.

a map navigator. I liked this one even though I forgot to convert degrees to radians and that rotation matrices go anti-clockwise. I even introduced an abstract data type (ADT) to see if it would simplify the code (I'm not sure it ever did - I mostly used lists, tuples, strings, and numbers). The second parts of the puzzles were starting to get their own files now (usually bootstrapped by copying and pasting the first part's file).

a prime number theorem. I actually got stalled on this one for a bit. It eventually turned out I had a bug in the code and was missing a modulus. In effect I wasn't accounting for small primes far to the right. I left the puzzle and went on to complete a couple of others before coming back to this one. I checked what I was doing by Googling for hints, but in the end I had to take a long hard look at the data and find my own bug.

some bit twiddling. Part 1 felt like I found the expected bitwise operations, but part 2 felt like I was bashing square pegs into round holes.

a number sequence problem. Another pat on the back, this time for keeping a dictionary of recent occurrences and not searching back down the list of numbers each time. Another recurring pattern is evident: running a sequence of steps over the data. I liked to code the step as its own function.

a constraint solver. A nice one about labelling fields that satisfy the known constraints. Half the code was parsing the textual rules into data.

another game of life simulation. This time it was in more dimensions. I generalized from 3 dimensions to N instead of just doing 4. This made it more of a drag. I started naming auxiliary functions with placeholder names (social services should have been called). Also, I tacked on extra space along each dimension to make room at each step. This felt very ugly. I should have used a sparser representation like I did for day 24.

an expression evaluator. I used another actual ADT and wrote a simple but horrible tokenizer. The evaluator was okay but I hacked the precedence by inserting parentheses into the token stream. Don't try this at home kids.

another pattern matcher. Probably my biggest hack. My code compiled the pattern rules into a single regular expression. This was cute but meant the recursive rules in part 2 needed special treatment. One rule just compiled into a repeated pattern with +. Unfortunately, the other rule entailed matching balanced sub-patterns, which every schoolchild knows regular languages can't do. Perhaps some recursive pattern extensions might have worked, but I assumed there would be no more than 10 elements of the sub-patterns and compiled the rule into a large alternative of the possible symmetrical matchers. Yuck.

a map assembler. I did this one the most methodically. It had proper comments and unit tests. Overall it took the most code but perhaps it was just dealing with all the edge cases (ba dum tss). But seriously, it seemed to take a lot of code for rotating and flipping the tiles even after knowing how they must be connected. So probably there was a better approach. It was still satisfying the see the answer come out after all that work. Curiously, this one involved little debugging. I wonder if perhaps there is some connection between preparation and outcome?

a constraint solver. I tried a dumb approach first based on searching all the possible bindings. That didn't look like it was terminating any time soon. So I reverted to a previously successful technique of intersecting the associations and then then refining them based on the already unique ones.

a recursive card game. This card game playing puzzle seemed to be going okay, but the real data didn't converge for part 2. Had a quick Google for a hint after battling with it for a while, and the first hit was from someone who said they'd misread the question. Sure enough I had too. My recursive games were on the whole deck instead of the part dictated by the cards played. Duh. The description was clear enough and included a whole worked game. I just hadn't read it properly. It still seemed to need some game state memoization to run tolerably fast.

a circular sequence. Took three attempts. A brute force approach using an array was good enough for part 1, but no way was it going to work on part 2. Even optimizing it to use ranges was still 'non-terminating' for the array-based solution. So I Googled for a little inspiration and found the phrase "linked lists" and slapped my forehead hard. I switched to a dictionary of labels to labels and the solution popped out very easily, without any further optimization. Embarrassing. Was it time to ceremonially hand in my Lisp symbol and fall on a sharpened parenthesis?

another game of life. This one sounded neat because it was about a hex grid, but I didn't know how hex grids are usually indexed. So for the first time I did a little bit of general research at the start. Turns out there are a bunch of ways to index a hex grid. I opted for using 3-axes as that seemed natural despite the redundancy. The map itself was just a dictionary of locations. I should have looked up how to have structured dictionary keys in Python (implement __hash__) but I couldn't be bothered so I (look away now) serialized and deserialized the locations to and from strings. I still had a bug which I couldn't find until I hacked a crude hex board printer and realized I wasn't carrying the unchanged cells over from one iteration to the next.

a cryptographic puzzle. Came out quite short but only after some faffing around. Main trick seemed to be to keep the transformation ticking along instead of recalculating it from scratch each time. There was slight disappointment (tinged with relief) that there was no part 2.

Some general lessons I felt I (re)learned:

Read the questions very carefully, then reread them.

Try and use terms from the questions. Don't invent your own terminology and then have to map back and forth.

Make the trace output exactly like the examples to help comparison.

Next time I'd consider using BDD to turn their examples directly into tests. Next time.

Try the problem for a while by yourself, then think about it offline, and only then Google for hints.

Next time I'd consider using some form of source control from the start, or just a better set of file naming conventions.

Regular expressions go a long way, but can then they can get in the way.

Next time I'll consider doing it using a language I'm learning.

Sometimes when you get stuck you have to start again.

During some low moments it all felt like make-work that I'd inflicted on myself, but in the end it was a nice set of training exercises. I'd encourage others to have a go at their leisure.

"Practice is the best of all instructors." -- Publilius Syrus

[adtindustriesmumbai]

Fosroc Waterproofing Chemical Suppliers - ADT Industries Pvt. Ltd.

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ADT Industries Pvt. Ltd.: Your Reliable Fosroc Partner

As a prominent supplier of Fosroc waterproofing chemical suppliers, ADT Industries Pvt. Ltd. plays a vital role in ensuring the availability of these superior products to the Indian construction market. Our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction has made us a preferred choice for contractors, builders, and engineers across the country.

Benefits of Fosroc Waterproofing Chemicals

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[codingprolab]

CS580 Assignment 5 - ADT Dynamic Arrays

Part 1: Vectors ● Part A: Dynamic Arrays ○ Create a struct, Data, that contains a single integer called, ‘value’ ○ Create a dynamic array data structure, Vector. You must create your struct and internal array on the heap (using malloc). Your dynamic array should have, at minimum, the following: ● data: A pointer to a Data struct array ● current_size: an unsigned integer containing the current…

[myprogrammingsolver]

Solved:Lab 4: Circular Queue ADT

Implement Circular Queue ADT using an array. Your Circular Queue ADT has two main operations, Enqueue and Dequeue. In addition, you should implement two more functions for printing the first element and the last element. Enqueue a new element at the end of the element in the queue. If your queue is full, just print an error message. Dequeue the node in the front. If your list does not have any…

[coursesforallacademynoida]

B.Tech Tuition For Data Structures And Algorithms In Noida

B.Tech Tuition For Data Structures And Algorithms In Noida

B.Tech Tuition For Data Structures And Algorithms In Noida

Abstract Data Types, Sequences as value definitions, Data types in C, Pointers in C, Data Structures and C, Arrays in C, Array as ADT, One Dimensional Array, Implementing one Dimensional Array, Array as parameters, Two Dimensional Array, Structures in C, Implementing Structures, Unions in C, Implementation of unions, Structure Parameters,…

[slickdiy1]

These Home Security Systems Work with Google Home

  Home security measures are an essential commodity for any household. Security alarms, cameras, locks, and sensors are the ways to fortify your home. Unfortunately, timely maintenance and monitoring are necessary to maximize these products. But, what if you have a way to be notified that there is a burglar in your vicinity? Luckily there is one way to achieve this – remote notification using your phone or tablet.

This 2020, voice recognition and activation of different products are universal. With the same aspect in mind, integrating a security system to your phone gives you the mobility and access to see your house in real-time.

Google Home gives you the flexibility to set up, control, and manage different devices in your house. Lighting, thermostats, and volume control on speakers are now accessible with just your voice. Adding this feature to security systems, you get a flexible and reliable smart home security system. With that said, here are the top home security systems that work with Google Home this 2020.

 1. Vivint

Vivint is an advance security system company which utilize Google Home as a foundation. As the leading top-tier security system available in 2020, Vivint can offer you with a myriad of home automation and security products. Moreover, Vivint has integrated its systems with Google Home, which grants you access to lights, door locks, thermostat, alarm systems, and more through voice control. Here are some advantages and disadvantages of Vivint over other Google Home integrated smart security systems.

Advantages

Vivint offers smart home security systems that are virtually wireless.

Google Home compatibility

Vivint Company supplies same-day installations

Vivint products are accessible remotely via Mobile App, Keychain remote, or control panel

Features non-bulky products and equipment

Vivint provides a lifetime warranty for their products

Provides customizable security equipment

Disadvantages

Requires monthly monitoring

Can be quite expensive due to top-tier products and components

Provides a long-term contract but has a short-trial period

Requires professional installations

Products and Services

Smart Home Automation

Home Security Systems

Doorbell Cameras

Security Cameras

Outdoor Cameras

2. ADT

ADT security alarm systems is a well-known company that offers security packages. From cameras to alarms, ADT provides you with different yet customizable alarm systems to protect your home. As one of the most experienced security companies in the industry, you’ll find different residential home security systems.

ADT also comes in with an enables home security system called ADT pulse. Similar to Vivint’s security products, the systems offered by ADT are Google Home compatible.

Advantages

ADT has been supplying security systems for over 140 years

Gives you a choice between hardwired and wireless systems

No installation fees required

ADT provides fast response automation time

Incentives include six-month money-back guarantees, theft protection, and same-day installation

Landline and Cellular Connections

Disadvantages

ADT does not have any trial period

Provides long-term contracts

There is no installation fees but has activation fees

Products and Services

Home Automation

Custom Alerts

Video Monitoring

Live Footage Cameras

Emergency Alarms

Smoke Detectors

Flood Sensors

3. Scout

Scout Alarm is a DIY WIFI home security systems company that features wireless solutions for an affordable price. Even as a fresh starter in the security business, Scout Alarm still poses some of the best security equipment in the industry. Providing high-quality products in cosmetically engineered design, Scout is a big game-changer for small household owners. Unfortunately, Scout alarm does lack in product options. Thermostats and cameras are not within their niche. However, all their alarms and sensors are compatible with a variety of smart devices, including Nest. Here are some other pros and cons of Scout Alarm.

Advantages

Alarms and sensors are accessible via Mobile App

They offer low monthly rates

No contract upon choosing a package

DIY installations remove other fees – installation and activation

Other incentives include 60-day Money-back Guarantees

Portable and easy to carry

One-Year warranty for all Scout Alarm products

Cloud Storage is Available

Easy to add sensors to your system up to 64 sensors per Hub

Disadvantages

Equipment fees are required upon purchase

Monthly payments are compulsory for the system to function

Backup power for the system only lasts for 12 hours

Motion Sensors does not recognize pets to people

Products and Services

Door Panel

Access Sensor

Motion Sensor

Scout Hub

  4. Nest

Nest provides surmountable solutions for smart home securities. Although Nest has been a standalone security company, it has collaborated with Google Home and is now called Google Nest. You can find different products under their line of security systems from thermostats, cameras to lock and smoke alarms. Due to the prominence of Nest and Google Home integration, some people have already been using this platform. Moreover, Nest has an expandable home automation feature which makes integration to other Nest products faster and better.

The downside of Nest is that several options can add-on subscription fees for them to work. Systems like cellular backup and Nest Aware are not included within the package. However, the entirety of Nest products revolves in creating a faster array of integrated third-party devices seamlessly.

Advantages

Quick installation and easy to learn

Collaboration with Google Home provides access to other third-party devices indefinitely

A variety of option and subscription offers different features and plans

Accessible through Mobile application

Two-way Monitoring options: Self and Professional

Disadvantages

Additional options and add-on subscriptions are not included in their packages

Expensive costs when compared to other DIY smart home security systems

Products and Services

Thermostats

Indoor & Outdoor Cameras

Doorbell Cameras with Voice Recognition

Alarm Systems

Security Locks

Smoke Detectors

Carbon Monoxide Detectors

  5. SimpliSafe Security

Similar to Nest and Scout, SimpliSafe is a home security system company that offers DIY security packages. With years of expertise and keeping over 3 million American households safe, SimpliSafe is a security system which covers disturbance protection, home automation and home environmental monitoring capabilities. There are three packages to choose from when you inquire at SimpliSafe Security – The Essentials, The Hearth, and The Barrington.

SimpliSafe home security systems feature equipment that you usually use to monitor your home. The SimpliSafe Base station or Hub supports cellular and Wi-Fi connections. Moreover, the security system can also be connected to different smart devices such as Google Home, Amazon Alexa, Apple Watch and more.

Advantages

Has a vast background under security systems

Professional monitoring enables faster response time

No contract upon purchase which lessens fees

Backup battery installed in case of a power outage

Motion sensors ignore pets and use high-precision detection algorithms

Remote access and control of your security system using the SimpliSafe Home Security app

Disadvantages

Options can come in three varieties which can add fees on the latter end

Some products are not included on other packages – sensors, key fobs, panic buttons, and indoor cameras.

Requires monthly fees for the system to work

Products and Services

SimpliSafe Base Station/ Hub

Indoor Cameras

Video Doorbells

Smart Locks

Motion Sensors

Smoke Detectors

Key Fobs

  6. Frontpoint Home Security Services

Frontpoint Security has been in the security industry for years. Providing modern and reliable security solutions for decades, Frontpoint was one of the first business firms that offered DIY security installations. Wireless equipment options are also provided at Frontpoint home security. Moreover, their selection of different products like smart lock, lighting option and garage door controller gives you the capabilities to automate various home amenities. With the technology that supports other intelligent devices like Z-wave, Amazon Alexa and Google Home, Frontpoint products can be used with just your voice.

Advantages

Frontpoint has no long-term contracts

Equipment costs are mid-tier which can virtually be less than other DIY home security systems

Each plan is supported with Mobile App access

Crash protection features are included on each product

Environmental Monitoring Capabilities

Home Automation devices

Google Home Integration is possible (Amazon Alexa, Z-wave, and other third party devices added)

No Installation fees (DIY Installation)

Offers 30-day no-risk return guarantees

Disadvantages

Only includes primary automation devices with their plans

No professional installations

Three-year warranty only covers limited equipment

Expensive monitoring fees when compared to other DIY security systems

Products and Services

Frontpoint Security Base

Door & Window Sensors

Motion Sensors

Garage Door Tilt Sensors

Glass Break Sensors

Smoke and Heat Sensors

Flood Sensors

Carbon Monoxide Sensors

Indoor &Outdoor Cameras

Lighting Controls

Door Locks

  7. Brink’s Security

Brink’s has been in the line of security business for decades. Brink’s brand has been known throughout the world and has been recognized for its integration to faster and easier home security solutions. The ASAPer system enables live mobile alerts when the system is activated. Similar to Alexa and Z-wave accessories, you can connect different smart home devices in the control panels. This gives you the capabilities to expand control over other facilities and tools.

Brink’s Security also provides cloud video storage and live video streaming within selected plans. Also, they offer month to month plan available for people with low credit scores. This makes it affordable without sacrificing the value and quality of the security system.

Advantages

Google Home compatibility is available

Equipment is included with Brink’s line of packages

Offers 24-7 real-time professional monitoring

Accessible through smartphone devices

Provides 30-day return policy

Top of the line Home Automation

Live Voice Assistance

Smash and Crash Protection

Controls for arming and disarming the system

Disadvantages

Requires you to have a long-term contract which can reach up to 3 years

Professional Installation is compulsory and requires fees

Products and Services

Door & Window Sensors

Motion Sensors

Glass Break Detectors

Garage Door Tilt Sensors

Wireless Temperature Sensors

Flood & Smoke Detectors

Indoor & Outdoor Cameras

Doorbell Cameras

Firefighter Fire Alarms

Carbon Monoxide Detectors

  Why Is Remote Home Security Essential For Every Home?

Planning is a step towards a better living space for any household. Knowing the possible scenarios your family may endure is crucial. With that said, whether you’re out on the field, working, or on vacation, keeping your house and belongings safe is a must. With a remote home security system, you can take care of your house wherever and whenever you are.

  Capabilities of Google Home Compatible Home Security Systems

Listed below are some of the best features and capabilities of a home security system that is compatible with Google Home and their virtual assistant:

Voice Recognition

The voice recognition feature of home security systems lets you automate a command at the tip of your tongue. You can enable it by tapping into biometric voice recognition with select Google Home compatible security systems.

  You can control any voice-enabled appliances and devices. These include security systems, lights, door locks, and many more. All thanks to Google Home compatible security systems.

  Remote Access

The power of mobile phones nowadays is almost limitless. You can now control, access, and monitor your home security system with just one tap.  Remote access is beneficial for many purposes. Use it to lock and unlock the door for family, friends, pets, and etc. There’s even more and you can expect nothing but greatness.

  Mobile Alerts

This feature gives you peace of mind upon leaving. Mobile alerts keep you updated with the happenings inside and outside of your home. These alerts are sent via different platforms. These include text, email, and even via phone. Most home security systems that work with Google Home have this feature.

  Door Locks

As mentioned earlier, Google Home has opened a lot of possibilities when it comes to a home security system. As of today, many home security systems that are compatible with Google Home also work with smart locks. This feature lets you remotely lock and unlock your doors through a mobile app. There are advanced door locks that automatically secure your home once it detects a specific range from you. It grants you hands-free access upon your return. It is prevalent among modern smart homes.

  Motion Detectors

Another powerful feature of Google Home compatible home security systems is its ability to detect motion. Whether you’re at work or out of town, you’ll be sent with an alert once the system recorded or detected unusual movements from your home. Most systems can detect whether the movements come from a person or a pet.

  Entryway Sensors

These entryway sensors are a form of security alarm system. These are magnetic sensors that are included in the Google Home compatible security system. Just attach it on windows, door frames, and other house entry point. When these magnets separate, alarm and alerts will be sent to you. Thus, getting you aware of what’s happening inside and outside your home.

  Heat/AC

Anywhere you are in the world, you can control your HVAC system at home through the help of Google Home automation. You just need a smart device and the companion app to gain the power of control. You can save money, energy consumption, and potential heatstroke during the hot season.

  Lights

Google Home also offers remote control lighting. Yes, it is possible. But, with smart lights. It lets you turn on and off, and even set your lights on a timed schedule. Since you have remote access, you can control it anywhere you are.

  Garage Door

You can also equip your garage doors with Google Home compatible home security system. If you are not aware, the garage door serves as a primary entrance for thieves. Therefore, you should include this in your surveillance. With smart garage door hookups, you can monitor your garage in real-time – remotely. The best part is that it sends you alerts once suspicious activities are detected. Also, it lets you know when you leave your garage door open. Smart!

  Value your Family, Assets, and Home

Home security system offers a lot of benefits to every home. Not just can you leave an eye at home while you’re away, but you can also secure your mind with peace. Knowing that everything you left is safe from harm, you can work or go on a vacation without any worries. That’s the main advantage of switching to Google Home Compatible Home Security Systems. However, what exactly is Google Home?

Google Home

Google Home is an integrated internet-connected speaker. As a standalone speaker, it allows users to play music or podcasts from Google Play Music, Spotify Premium, YouTube, TuneIn, and Apple Music. Also, users can interconnect Google Home to a variety of devices like Bluetooth speakers to play music. Moreover, Google Home allows Chromecast-enabled apps to stream music via mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. With the same concept, smart TVs – Netflix and YouTube access – can also be cast through Google Home.

Furthermore, Google Home is not just a standalone speaker with voice recognition. It also functions as an assistant through Google Assistant. Google Assistant is an integrated version of Google Now and has been innovated to be smart enough to understand a conversation. A contextual conversation like “What’s the date today?” or “How’s the weather tomorrow?” are precisely answered by Google Home.

Additionally, Google Home devices can learn. It gets to know your usual routines through Google calendar, search histories on your connected mobile phone, or any connected device. The AI-driven technology slowly but accurately learns and piece together information as you converse with it. The resulting action gives you a more profound yet more customizable system to work with.

Likewise, Google Home does not only recognizes one profile but instead supports six different users. This provides your family with quick but intelligent responses from a small device. Using Google’s search engine power and AI technology, the device can precisely differentiate users and access the correct account in a matter of seconds.

Other AI-Driven Google Technology

In addition to Google Home, several AI-driven devices can access Google Assistant. In regards to having a home security system, Google Home compatibility is necessary. As aforementioned, not only does it make your home safe and secure, but it also grants you the ability to access your security measures from afar. Here are the other launched devices by Google that have Google home capabilities and access to Google Assistant.

Google Home Max

Similar to HomePod, a high-end smart speaker manufactured by Apple, Google Home Max has powerful speakers and an integrated Google search engine. To put it into perspective, Google Home Max is an upgraded version of a Google Home device. With more prominent and more powerful speakers, Google Home Max exclaims a deeper bass range and features an audio jack. Combine that with two 4.5” subwoofers and tweeters for fine-tuning, you get a more vibrant tone as well. What’s more, the device adapts to its surroundings to produce the best optimal output on each speaker.

Google Home Mini

As the name suggests, Google Home Mini is the smaller version of Google Home. Google Home Mini is relatively cheaper than a full-sized Google Home. Although it is a relatively more minor device, it still has the same components present within a full-pledged Google Home device. Complete with Google’s search engine and voice recognition features. The only difference between the mini and Google Home is the size of its speakers. And if compared to Google Home Max, the Mini does not feature an audio jack.

Google Home Hub 

Google Home Hub is a dedicated Google Home device with a colored touchscreen. The difference between Google Home Hub among the aforementioned is the lack of a camera. However, this feature can be advantageous for some people due to it becoming portable. With regards to home security, Google Home Hub is no exception. This device includes a Home View feature that is present on the LCD touchscreen. To enable this, swipe down from the top of the LCD screen. This allows users to view the current state of the connected smart devices in real-time.

The Future of Google Assistant Devices

With the consistent implementation of technology and artificial intelligence among several devices, gaining ease of access through everyday living is a breeze. And in line with this, Google has had its fair share of learning future and popular Google Assistant-enabled products.

Google announced that they had started integrating AI to smart displays, speaker-like devices that have an LCD screen. This being said. Google Assistant now gives the possibility to control a series of different applications hands-free. What’s more, implementing such capabilities to compatible security cameras allows you to watch live video streams remotely freely.

Furthermore, Google Assistant is slowly making its way to smart speakers and other headphone brands. Google had announced that soon, a collaboration between other speaker brands like Altec Lansing, Memorex, Knit Audio, and LG is taking place. As of now, Google has cooperated with several well-known headphone brands like JBL, Jaybird, and Sony.

Moreover, not only is Google Assistant exclusive to smart devices and mobile accessories. Google is working with several car manufacturers – BMW and Mercedes-Benz – to integrate Google Assistant onto vehicles. Currently, breakthroughs like locking doors and fuel gauge information are now available through Google Home.…

source https://slickdiy.com/best-home-security-systems-that-work-with-google-home/

[nvjkmr]

Prerequisites I - DS 101

Abstract Data Type

An abstract piece of code that is re-usable and serves the purpose by hiding the inner workings of it and only exposing the interface for generic usage is known as an abstract data type.

For example, a user who needs to implement a railway booking engine to serve the user requests based on first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, will have to implement the queue for the specific use-case with operations such as enqueue & dequeue. The disadvantage of this approach is that the queue will have to be reimplemented for other use-cases that simulate the queue. This can be solved by having an abstract data type queue which implements the basic functionality (operations) of the queue and can be imported anywhere else it is required.

An abstract data type (ADT) can be thought of as a data declaration packaged along with the operations that are meaningful for the data.

ADT Implementations

Most data is required to be stored as either as linear or as a non-linear structure. An example of a linear and non-linear data structure would be an array and a tree respectively.

We have two basic structures to implement complex ADT list (both linear and non-linear): arrays and linked-lists.

Arrays can be used to store sequential data, where the data in a specific cell can be accessed efficiently if the index (address) is known, but it is very inefficient to add or remove new/existing elements. On the other hand, linked-lists do us a great favor in efficiently adding and removing nodes (atomic units of linked-lists), but are inefficient at accessing a node directly.

Node: It is a data structure that has a data part and link part (holds multiple links if it is non-linear), pointing to the next element(s).

Analysis of Algorithms

When there are no loops in a program (it is linear, which means it is a set of instructions), the efficiency of the program directly depends on the speed of the CPU. Hence, algorithm analysis focuses mostly on the loops (given that recursion can always be converted to a loop). The efficiency of a program (or an algorithm) is always a function of the number of elements to be processed/accessed.

Example:

n = 11 for i in range(n): # will create a list of numbers from 0 to 10 for j in range(i): # some code here return

The above code would run 55 times, as the inner loop would be a dependant on the value of i for each ith loop. When the value of i is 0, the inner loop runs 0 times, when i is 1, the inner loop runs 1 times and so on till the value of i is 10. If we choose the see the pattern, it would basically be: 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 10. And if we consider it as a function of n, then: f(n) = n*(n+1)/2.

Big-O Notation

It is a notation to describe/represent the worst case runtime of an algorithm. The Big-O, as in "on the order of" is an approximate measure of efficiency and since it is only an estimate, we can focus only on the dominant factor in the equation.

Considering the previous example, the worst case scenario would be O(n^2).

Significance and other notations.

There are other notations of different measures of efficiency such as the theta notation and the omega notation. As with the Big-O notation defines the upper bound of the function, the omega function defines the lower bound or the best case runtime.

The theta notation is basically a function with 2 constants, where one represents an upper bound and the other represents the lower bound. Given a function f(n), there exists k and K such that n*k

[lindavaz]

Eficiência do algoritmo: não se mede pelo tempo, mas conta as operações fundamentais. Para medir essa eficiência utilizamos a "Análise Assintótica".

Esperamos que a performance dependa do tamanho da entrada.

Análise Assintótica: temos o (grande O) que corresponde aos limites superiores, temos o (ômega) limites inferiores, temos o (teta) que corresponde a ambos.

Word RAM (espécie de termo carregado):

RAM: memória de acesso aleatório, em tempo constante

Word: é o tamanho de um pedaço que a CPU pode receber da memória de cada vez e operar (tamanho 64bit)

Interface (API/ADT) vs. Data Struture

Interface: diga o que você quer fazer (especificação, quais dados posso armazenar), (especifica o que as operações fazem e quais são suportadas), (problema)

Estrutura de Dados: diz como você faz isso (dará uma representação real e informará como armazená-los), (fornece os algoritmos, para saber como suportar essas operações), (solução)

2 main interfaces:

set

sequence

2 main datas tructura

arrays

pointers

Static sequence interface: bulid(x) - é como começa, para construir uma estrutura de dados nessa interface len() - método de comprimento inter_seq() - queremos manter a ordem get_at() - podemos acessar dinamicamente em qualquer lugar no meio da sequencia. set_at() - e podemos mudar para um novo item Solution (natural) (referente a situação citada acima): Static array Array estático está relacionado ao Kyey: word Ram (Na ciência da computação teórica, a palavra modelo RAM é um modelo de computação em que uma máquina de acesso aleatório faz operações bit a bit em uma palavra de w bits. Michael Fredman e Dan Willard o criaram em 1990 para simular linguagens de programação como C.): A ideia na palavra RAM é que sua memória é uma matriz de palavras de w-bit. Memory = array of w-bit words. Quando dizemos "array", queremos que seja um pedaço consecutivo de memória. Para acessar a posição: array[i]☰memory[address(array)+i] O meu acesso ao array é de tempo constante.

[programmingsolver]

Lab 3: Queue Implementations

Goals: * Implement a Queue class using a link-based data structure: queue_linked.py * Implement a Queue class using a circular array: queue_array.py   * In the first implementation, you will use a linked structure similar to the linked structure used in implementing the Stack ADT (i.e. create a Node class).  In this case, there must be a way to add items to the back of the list and remove items…

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ADT Security Systems Review

The largest security company in the country, ADT has a vast network of local offices and dealers. That means it can offer better customer service and installation than smaller, local companies with less experience.

ADT has three primary home security system packages: Secure Home, Smart Home, and Video & Smart Home. Each comes with a touchscreen hub, motion detector, door/window alarms, and professional set-up and installation. It also offers a range of devices that can be added to the package you choose.

Fog Generators: These anti-theft devices are the latest addition to ADT's arsenal of burglar deterrents, releasing food-grade fog into the air when an intruder is detected. Within seconds, the fog reduces an intruder's ability to see and makes it difficult for them to escape from the house.

Two-Way Voice: This feature allows you to talk to an ADT monitoring representative directly through the control panel. It's particularly helpful in emergencies when you can't get to the panel, or in situations when landlines are down.

CellGuard: This add-on connects your security system to the ADT monitoring center using a cellular connection. It's especially helpful during a natural disaster or power outage when landlines are down or jammed, allowing for quick and easy emergency calls to be answered.

CCTV Cameras: ADT offers a wide variety of video cameras that provide indoor and outdoor coverage. These cameras can be mounted on walls or ceilings, providing full HD, high-definition recordings. They also include night vision and a host of other features that allow you to view the area around your home and respond to events from any device with an internet connection.

Flood Sensor: This device can detect water leaks in your home and notify you or an ADT monitoring center. It can also alert you when the water level in your home rises above a specified height.

Other Products: ADT's list of devices includes sensors for garage doors, smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, and a wide array of home automation products that can be integrated with the ADT app. Those are all worth checking out for anyone who's looking for a high-quality home security solution. Click here to grasp additional details visit adt security systems

ADT's equipment is reliable, and the 24/7 professional monitoring is among the best in the industry. However, ADT is a bit more expensive than other DIY systems, and the contract can be long-term, so it's not for everyone.

For someone who's willing to sign a long-term contract and pay for a top-notch system, ADT is a great choice. But if you're not comfortable with a contract or don't have the money to spend, you might want to consider other alternatives.

What We Like About ADT:

The granddaddy of the security industry, ADT has been around for almost 150 years and remains one of the most recognizable names on the market. It's still a popular choice for many people, and it has the infrastructure to back up its promise of peace of mind and a reliable monitoring service.

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Securing Your Driveway_ 5 Of The Best Alarm and Camera Systems You Need To Know About

What do you know about best driveway alarm with camera.

Securing Your Driveway: 5 Of The Best Alarm and Camera Systems You Need To Know About

Having a driveway alarm with camera system is an excellent way to keep your home secure, but to find the right one for your needs can be difficult. We have compiled a list of the five best alarm and camera systems to help you make the right decision.

1. SimpliSafe Home Security System

The SimpliSafe Home Security System is a great option for those looking for a driveway alarm with camera. This system is packed with features, including a built-in camera, remote access, and customizable notifications. Plus, it’s easy to install and you can set it up in minutes.

2. Ring Alarm Security System

The Ring Alarm Security System is another excellent choice for a driveway alarm with camera. This system includes an array of motion sensors, a built-in camera, and an app for remote monitoring. You can also customize the motion detection settings and set up notifications for when the alarm is triggered.

3. Nest Secure Alarm System

The Nest Secure Alarm System is a great choice for a driveway alarm with camera. It comes with a variety of features, including multiple motion sensors, a built-in camera, and a mobile app for remote monitoring. You can also customize the motion detection settings, and you can get alerts when the alarm is triggered.

4. ADT Pulse Security System

The ADT Pulse Security System is a great option for a driveway alarm with camera. This system comes with an array of motion sensors, a built-in camera, and an app for remote monitoring. Plus, you can customize the motion detection settings and set up notifications for when the alarm is triggered.

5. Arlo Pro 3 Security System

The Arlo Pro 3 Security System is the perfect choice for a driveway alarm with camera. This system includes multiple motion sensors, a built-in camera, and an app for remote monitoring. Plus, you can customize the motion detection settings and get alerts when the alarm is triggered.

These five security systems are some of the best options for a driveway alarm with camera. Each one has its own unique features and benefits, so you can choose the one that best fits your needs. With the right alarm and camera system, you can keep your home safe and secure.