#Biocomputing Applications

[mehmetyildizmelbourne-blog]

Brainoware: The Hybrid Neuromorphic System for a Brighter Tomorrow

A glimpse into the double-edged nature of Brain Organoid Reservoir Computing, with the pros/cons of this biological computing approach From a young age, I was captivated by the mysteries of science and the promise of technology, wondering how they could shape our understanding of the world. I was fortunate to receive STEM education early on in a specialized school, where my creativity and…

[jcmarchi]

MIT named No. 2 university by U.S. News for 2024-25

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/mit-named-no-2-university-by-u-s-news-for-2024-25/

MIT named No. 2 university by U.S. News for 2024-25

MIT has placed second in U.S. News and World Report’s annual rankings of the nation’s best colleges and universities, announced today. 

As in past years, MIT’s engineering program continues to lead the list of undergraduate engineering programs at a doctoral institution. The Institute also placed first in six out of nine engineering disciplines.

U.S. News placed MIT second in its evaluation of undergraduate computer science programs, along with Carnegie Mellon University and the University of California at Berkeley. The Institute placed first in four out of 10 computer science disciplines.

MIT remains the No. 2 undergraduate business program, a ranking it shares with UC Berkeley. Among business subfields, MIT is ranked first in three out of 10 specialties.

Within the magazine’s rankings of “academic programs to look for,” MIT topped the list in the category of undergraduate research and creative projects. The Institute also ranks as the third most innovative national university and the third best value, according to the U.S. News peer assessment survey of top academics.

MIT placed first in six engineering specialties: aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineering; chemical engineering; computer engineering; electrical/electronic/communication engineering; materials engineering; and mechanical engineering. It placed within the top five in two other engineering areas: biomedical engineering and civil engineering.

Other schools in the top five overall for undergraduate engineering programs are Stanford University, UC Berkeley, Georgia Tech, Caltech, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.

In computer science, MIT placed first in four specialties: biocomputing/bioinformatics/biotechnology; computer systems; programming languages; and theory. It placed in the top five of five other disciplines: artificial intelligence; cybersecurity; data analytics/science; mobile/web applications; and software engineering.

The No. 1-ranked undergraduate computer science program overall is at Stanford. Other schools in the top five overall for undergraduate computer science programs are Carnegie Mellon, Stanford, UC Berkeley, Princeton University, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Among undergraduate business specialties, the MIT Sloan School of Management leads in analytics; production/operations management; and quantitative analysis. It also placed within the top five in three other categories: entrepreneurship; management information systems; and supply chain management/logistics.

The No. 1-ranked undergraduate business program overall is at the University of Pennsylvania; other schools ranking in the top five include UC Berkeley, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and New York University.

[writetomemory]

Came up with an idea for a project to work on. One basic premise is that bacteria and eventually eukaryotes would be good model organisms test out integration of nanotechnology at the cellular and molecular level. By itself this idea could have tremendous applications from health, computing, biogeochemical cycling, cybernetics, biocomputing, sensors and synthetic biology but any research from this could stem into human augmentation, human machine symbiosis and human microbe symbiosis (at the basest level allowing gut flora to produce needed vitamins). Potentially this could allow for different methods for 4D imaging of humans if there is some sort of tracker/emitter that gets replicated along with cells but changes in response to cellular polarization/differentiation.

[techninja]

How Wetware Computers Are Being Used in Advanced Diagnostics

Wetware Computers: Pioneering the Next Era of Computing

As technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace, wetware computers stand out as a revolutionary innovation that blends biological elements with traditional computing. These cutting-edge systems promise to transform the landscape of computing, offering unparalleled efficiency and capabilities. This article delves deep into the realm of wetware computers, exploring their principles, current advancements, and future implications.

What Are Wetware Computers?

Wetware computers, also referred to as biocomputers or organic computers, incorporate biological materials with conventional hardware. Unlike traditional computers that depend on silicon-based semiconductors, wetware computers use living cells and tissues to execute computational tasks. This synergy of biology and technology unlocks new potential, leveraging the innate complexity and efficiency of biological systems.

Core Components of Wetware Computers

Wetware computers feature several distinct components that set them apart from conventional systems:

Living Cells: The foundation of wetware computers consists of living cells, such as neurons or engineered bacteria, which process information via biochemical reactions.

Biological Circuits: These circuits mimic the functions of electronic circuits, utilizing biological materials to transmit signals and perform logical operations.

Interface Technologies: Advanced interfaces are developed to facilitate communication between biological components and electronic hardware, ensuring smooth integration.

The Mechanisms of Wetware Computing

Biological Processing Units (BPUs)

At the core of wetware computing are biological processing units (BPUs), akin to central processing units (CPUs) in traditional computers. BPUs exploit the natural processing abilities of biological cells to perform complex computations. For instance, neurons can form intricate networks that process information simultaneously, offering significant advantages in speed and efficiency over traditional silicon-based processors.

Biochemical Logic Gates

Biochemical logic gates are crucial elements of wetware computers, operating similarly to electronic logic gates. These gates employ biochemical reactions to execute logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. By harnessing these reactions, wetware computers achieve highly efficient and parallel processing capabilities.

Synthetic Biology and Genetic Modification

Progress in synthetic biology and genetic modification has been instrumental in advancing wetware computers. Scientists can now engineer cells to exhibit specific behaviors and responses, tailoring them for particular computational tasks. This customization is essential for creating dependable and scalable wetware systems.

Potential Applications of Wetware Computers

Wetware computers have immense potential across a variety of fields, including:

Medical Research and Healthcare

In medical research, wetware computers can simulate complex biological processes, providing insights into disease mechanisms and potential treatments. In healthcare, these systems could lead to the development of advanced diagnostic tools and personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to the individual’s unique biological profile.

Environmental Monitoring

Wetware computers can be deployed for environmental monitoring, using genetically engineered organisms to detect and respond to pollutants. These biocomputers can offer real-time data on environmental conditions, aiding in pollution management and mitigation.

Neuroscience and Brain-Computer Interfaces

The fusion of biological components with computing paves the way for significant advancements in neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Wetware computers can help develop sophisticated BCIs, enabling direct communication between the human brain and external devices. This technology holds great promise for medical rehabilitation, enhancing the quality of life for individuals with neurological conditions.

Current Progress and Challenges

Advancements in Wetware Computing

Recent advancements in wetware computing have shown the feasibility of integrating biological components with electronic systems. Researchers have successfully created basic biocomputers capable of performing fundamental logical operations and processing information. These milestones highlight the potential of wetware computers to complement and eventually surpass traditional computing technologies.

Challenges and Obstacles

Despite promising progress, wetware computing faces several challenges:

Stability and Reliability: Biological systems are inherently complex and can be unstable. Ensuring the stability and reliability of biocomputers remains a significant challenge.

Scalability: Scaling wetware computing systems to handle more complex and large-scale computations is a critical hurdle.

Ethical Considerations: The use of living organisms in computing raises ethical questions regarding the manipulation of life forms for technological purposes.

The Future Prospects of Wetware Computers

The future of wetware computers is promising, with ongoing research and development aimed at overcoming current limitations and unlocking their full potential. As technology advances, we anticipate several key trends:

Hybrid Computing Models

Wetware computers are likely to complement traditional computing systems, creating hybrid models that leverage the strengths of both. This integration could lead to more efficient and powerful computing solutions, addressing complex problems that are currently beyond our reach.

Visit my blog here

Advancements in Synthetic Biology

Continued advancements in synthetic biology will enable the creation of more sophisticated biological components for wetware computers. Improved genetic engineering techniques will allow for greater precision and control, enhancing the performance and reliability of these systems.

Ethical and Regulatory Frameworks

As wetware computing technology advances, the development of robust ethical and regulatory frameworks will be essential. These frameworks will ensure that the use of biological components in computing is conducted responsibly and ethically, addressing concerns related to the manipulation of life forms.

Conclusion

Wetware computers represent a transformative leap in the field of computing, merging the biological and technological worlds in unprecedented ways. The potential applications of this technology are vast, from medical research and healthcare to environmental monitoring and neuroscience. While challenges remain, the continued progress in this area promises to revolutionize the way we approach computation, offering new possibilities and efficiencies.

[biocomputingseshw]

Can we use Biocomputing specifically in my Uni field of Sports Exercise Science

Although Biological computing can touch on many courses in the University roster, it can be used in the application of world of sport too. We all know the brief understanding that competing in physical exercise helps individuals health and their lifestyle, however not a specific tie in, biocomputing also uses its applications towards helping health, illnesses and tackling issues through using living organisms. Sports Science is backed up on biology, which does not to be stated also computes with biocomputers, invented to help the field of biology. A tie in is the study of tracking activity levels in an athlete can be used through these biological computations, looking at an athletes DNA, health issues etc etc. A lot of equipment in sports costs a lot of money and can use a lot of technology that requires power and energy, being used by so many people may not be the most sustainable approach to the climate and environment. As we know biocomputers run on such little energy, it is hard not to be persuaded into its advantages towards our planet.

Albeit it, with all things, there is teething problems and or the argument for negatives, and that does also apply to biocomputing. Biocomputers at this time are very exclusive and cannot be used by all. They have a specific availability that is not easy to use for your own studies. Until more become available, the worldwide acknowledgement of such a powerful device may hinder. Another con is that the potential security hazards. As using DNA, molecules, living organisms, especially if used towards an individual athlete is such personal data, users must have guaranteed authorisation to use such a device on order to avoid breaching safety rules and privacy matters.

Overall, I feel biocomputers, although not brand new technology in the past few months, is still at its development stage. As argued there are disadvantages towards it, however these can be fixed over time with further produce, it holds many advantages. Such an invention that uses so little natural products to then reproduce so many is a massive persuasion towards its use. If used correctly it can ease pressure on medical applications to name one. Its speed in dealing with matters involving DNA can only be seen as a advantage. We have not touched on it all, and just a surface background into it, but its sustainability uses, in my opinion, make's this focus a gamechanger in years to come for our climate, technology and the world involving biology

[shristisahu]

Traversing the Biotech Landscape: An In-Depth Insight Unveiled by SpendEdge

Originally Published on: SpendEdge |A Comprehensive Overview of the Biotech Industry | SpendEdge

The achievements witnessed in the biotech industry stand as some of the most intricate and groundbreaking accomplishments of modern science. Biotechnology, leveraging living organisms and biological systems, directs technological advancements spanning diverse sectors such as agriculture and healthcare. Recent years have celebrated the industry's discoveries, simplifying tasks across various domains.

##Diverse Dimensions of Biotechnology

###Medical Biotechnology Within the spectrum of biotech types, this field deploys living cells to enhance healthcare standards, with a focus on discovering cures, eradicating diseases, and producing pharmaceutical drugs or vaccines.

###Agricultural Biotechnology A recent entrant, this sector concentrates on genetically modifying plants to enhance crop yields and introduce specific characteristics, reinforcing resilience against stress factors.

###Industrial Biotechnology By utilizing biological resources, this domain produces materials, energy, and chemicals, contributing to the development of industrial goods and bio-based products while promoting sustainability.

##Initiating Change through Applications

###Nutrient Supplements Biotech innovation introduces essential nutrients into food, particularly crucial in situations where individuals are ill or undernourished.

###Healthcare Advancements Extensively used in healthcare for disease diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development, biotech significantly impacts disease prevention.

###Food Processing Innovations extend shelf life and improve edibility, texture, and storage of food materials, transforming non-palatable items into portable, edible products.

###Biofuels Biotech explores alternative energy sources, exemplified by using corn to produce environmentally friendly combustible fuels.

##Emerging Trends in Biotechnology

###Gene Editing and CRISPR Technology Revolutionizing biotechnology, CRISPR allows precise DNA modification, offering applications in genetic therapies, agriculture, and beyond.

###Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Interdisciplinary efforts in designing biological components and systems pave the way for new possibilities in biomanufacturing and biocomputing.

###Personalized Medicine and Precision Biotechnology Tailoring medical treatments based on individual genetic and clinical characteristics, personalized medicine is becoming increasingly effective in various treatments.

Embark on an in-depth exploration of the biotech industry's dynamics, uncovering potential strategies and insights. Stay tuned for a comprehensive report by SpendEdge.

[baoyiyuan]

Independent projects｜#17

Biodesign Learning 1

What is Biodesign?

Biodesign encompasses biosystems thinking, bionic principles, biocomputational design and digital art. In this area, various life forms are explored and biological principles are integrated into the design. The programme also embraces designers from a wide range of disciplines, including interaction design, art installation, architecture, product and clothing. In this specialism we need the ability to redefine everything, to think about the things around us in multiple ways and in multiple dimensions, such as water, energy, air, waste and materials. There is a need to think about how we can address the challenges of current environmental issues and work with living ecosystems to create more sustainable lifestyles. Focus on people, cities and health.

Experimental projects such as mycelial culture, bacterial staining, algae incubation and plant DNA extraction are carried out in the laboratory. The field of Biodesign also requires us to develop a digital competence, such as 3d information output, environmental data analysis, and various digital software applications. Explore the relationship between digital bio-ecosystems and humans.

Case Study

Cinzia Ferrari travels to the Fiji Islands to dive, study shark behaviour and examine ecosystem conditions for marine biology research. Cinzia Ferrari's project CyanoFabbrica aims to harness the intrinsic ability of cyanobacteria to biomineralise in order to devise new ways of biomanufacturing. The designer says: "Cyanobacteria are single-celled organisms capable of photosynthesis. They have survived the last five mass extinctions and can be found in almost all habitats. They were the first microorganisms to produce the oxygen on which we depend for our survival. Cyanobacterial biomineralisation is a metabolic reaction: The absorption of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis leads to changes in the chemical composition of the water around the bacteria, resulting in mineral precipitation. The most striking example is stromatolite, which is the oldest known fossil in the world at about 3.5 billion years old." CyanoFabbrica aims to open up new investigations and conversations around how to avoid wasteful processes, and our limitations in this regard. At the end of the product's useful life, the frame can be destroyed and used as a recycled material for new products.

Ref:

1.https://cinziaferrari.com/CyanoFabbrica.html

2.Little Red Book

[eeyorestoned]

Mushroom Computers: Exploring the Potential of Fungal Computing

Mushrooms are not typically associated with computing, but recent research has shown that the natural properties of fungi can be harnessed for unconventional computing applications. This emerging field of study, known as mycocomputing or fungal computing, is attracting attention for its potential to create sustainable and energy-efficient computing systems.

At the heart of mycocomputing is the use of mycelium, the vegetative part of fungi. Mycelium is a network of thread-like structures called hyphae that fungi use to absorb nutrients from their environment. This network is highly interconnected and has been found to exhibit properties that are similar to those of computer networks, such as robustness, fault tolerance, and adaptability.

Researchers are exploring ways to use mycelium for computing purposes, including the creation of biocomputers that can process information in a more energy-efficient and sustainable way. One example of mycocomputing is the "fungi-powered lights" project, where mycelium is genetically modified to produce luciferin, a light-emitting compound found in fireflies. The mycelium is then grown into a network of interconnected threads, which can be used to create bioluminescent lamps.

Another example is the "mycelium transistor" project, where mycelium is used to create a transistor-like device. The mycelium is grown into a network of interconnected threads, which are then coated with a conductive material to create a channel for electrons to flow. The mycelium transistor was found to exhibit properties similar to those of conventional silicon transistors, such as amplification and switching.

The potential of mycocomputing is not limited to these examples, and researchers are exploring a wide range of applications for this technology. One area of interest is the use of mycelium as a substrate for electronic components. Mycelium can be grown into specific shapes and sizes, making it a potentially useful material for creating custom electronic components.

Another area of interest is the use of mycelium for data storage. Mycelium has been found to have a high capacity for storing information, and researchers are exploring ways to encode and retrieve data from mycelium networks.

While the idea of using mushrooms for computing may seem unconventional, there is a growing interest in biologically inspired computing and biomimicry, which involves looking to nature for solutions to engineering problems. Mycocomputing is part of this larger trend towards exploring new, nature-inspired approaches to computing.

[jhavelikes]

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning and memory and possibly aspects of cognition in vitro. Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) to encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program to implement the vision of a multidisciplinary field of OI. This aims to establish OI as a form of genuine biological computing that harnesses brain organoids using scientific and bioengineering advances in an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated brain organoids can now be produced with high cell density and enriched levels of glial cells and gene expression critical for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems can support scalable and durable culturing, and spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution spatiotemporal electrophysiological signaling and recording to explore the capacity of brain organoids to recapitulate the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies that could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training and organoid-computer interfaces are in development. We envisage complex, networked interfaces whereby brain organoids are connected with real-world sensors and output devices, and ultimately with each other and with sensory organ organoids (e.g. retinal organoids), and are trained using biofeedback, big-data warehousing, and machine learning methods. In parallel, we emphasize an embedded ethics approach to analyze the ethical aspects raised by OI research in an iterative, collaborative manner involving all relevant stakeholders. The many possible applications of this research urge the strategic development of OI as a scientific discipline. We anticipate OI-based biocomputing systems to allow faster decision-making, continuous learning during tasks, and greater energy and data efficiency. Furthermore, the development of “intelligence-in-a-dish” could help elucidate the pathophysiology of devastating developmental and degenerative diseases (such as dementia), potentially aiding the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to address major global unmet needs.

Frontiers | Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

[evoldir]

Fwd: Postdoc: Chile.GenomicsSeaweedHolobionts

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Postdoc: Chile.GenomicsSeaweedHolobionts > Date: 1 February 2023 at 09:18:57 GMT > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > > The Millenium Nucleus for Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts (MASH) is > an interdisciplinary research group dedicated to the study of the biology, > microbiology, and genomics of seaweed holobionts, and oriented towards the > development of a marine agronomy for seaweed aquaculture. MASH research > focuses on three pillars of marine agronomy: understanding and controlling > traits of interest for seaweed aquaculture, designing breeding strategies > that maximize selection efficiency to obtain improved strains, and > managing the genetic resource for sustainable seaweed cultivation. Seaweed > holobiont biology, resulting from the interaction of seaweeds and their > associated microbial communities, is at the core of our research. > > See https://ift.tt/x7YFGjR for further details. > > MASH seeks applications for a postdoctoral research scholar in > the biological interactions between seaweeds and their associated > microbiota. Candidates should have a degree in Biology, Biochemistry, > Biotechnology, Engineer or Biocomputing Science and be educated at PhD > level. Experience on metagenomic data analyses, microbiomes studies or > environmental microbial ecology using NGS is required. Basic knowledge > of seaweed biology is expected but not mandatory. The candidate will be > expected to dedicate fully to research in an active and interdisciplinary > research-oriented environment. > > Position is for one year, renewable for up to two years. Appointments > should preferably start as soon as possible. > > Applicant will be requested to apply for national grant FONDECYT for > postdocs.  The postdoctoral researcher will be working essentially > at the GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad > Mayor (Campus Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile), with Dr. Nicole Trefault > (https://ift.tt/01iKFMs) who > oversees microbial ecology and genomics in MASH. He will also interact > with other MASH researchers dedicated to seaweed population genetics and > genomics, ecophysiology and mathematical modelling of metabolic networks > of the seaweed holobionts. > > Monthly salary will be $1.500.000 (Chilean Pesos) before taxes, about > US$ 1.800. > > Evidence of the candidate’s capacity to independently conduct > interdisciplinary research, strong skills and interest in data analysis, > manuscript writing and presenting at national and international > conferences is required. > > The postdoctoral research scholar will take on the following leadership roles in the project: > - Analyses, integration, and interpretation of NGS data of microbial communities, in association with host seaweeds’ genetic diversity and genomic features for an in-depth characterization of the seaweed holobiont in farms and natural populations. > > - Writing manuscripts and peer-reviewed articles, reports and other materials for > the Millenium Nucleus. > - Research support with other activities that further the Nucleus objectives. > > Complete applications will be reviewed beginning February 27, 2023 until the > search is closed. > To apply, please submit to nicole.trefault@umayor.cl, with subject: Postdoc > Application MASH, and attach the following information: > - Cover letter > - Detailed CV > - Contact details for three references > > > > Sylvain Faugeron > > IRL3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae > Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas > Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile > Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 340 > > Santiago - Chile > > +56-223 54 26 47 > > Sylvain Faugeron

[jcmarchi]

Living Cellular Computers: A New Frontier in AI and Computation Beyond Silicon

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/living-cellular-computers-a-new-frontier-in-ai-and-computation-beyond-silicon/

Living Cellular Computers: A New Frontier in AI and Computation Beyond Silicon

Biological systems have fascinated computer scientists for decades with their remarkable ability to process complex information, adapt, learn, and make sophisticated decisions in real time. These natural systems have inspired the development of powerful models like neural networks and evolutionary algorithms, which have transformed fields such as medicine, finance, artificial intelligence and robotics. However, despite these impressive advancements, replicating the efficiency, scalability, and robustness of biological systems on silicon-based machines remains a significant challenge.

But what if, instead of merely imitating these natural systems, we could use their power directly? Imagine a computing system where living cells — the building block of biological systems — are programmed to perform complex computations, from Boolean logic to distributed computations. This concept has led to a new era of computation: cellular computers. Researchers are investigating how we can program living cells to handle complex calculations. By employing the natural capabilities of biological cells, we may overcome some of the limitations of traditional computing. This article explores the emerging paradigm of cellular computers, examining their potential for artificial intelligence, and the challenges they present.

The Genesis of Living Cellular Computers

The concept of living cellular computers is rooted in the interdisciplinary field of synthetic biology, which combines principles from biology, engineering, and computer science. At its core, this innovative approach uses the inherent capabilities of living cells to perform computational tasks. Unlike traditional computers that rely on silicon chips and binary code, living cellular computers utilize biochemical processes within cells to process information.

One of the pioneering efforts in this domain is the genetic engineering of bacteria. By manipulating the genetic circuits within these microorganisms, scientists can program them to execute specific computational functions. For instance, researchers have successfully engineered bacteria to solve complex mathematical problems, such as the Hamiltonian path problem, by exploiting their natural behaviors and interactions.

Decoding Components of Living Cellular Computers

To understand the potential of cellular computers, it’s useful to explore the core principles that make them work. Imagine DNA as the software of this biological computing system. Just like traditional computers use binary code, cellular computers utilize the genetic code found in DNA. By modifying this genetic code, scientists can instruct cells to perform specific tasks. Proteins, in this analogy, serve as the hardware. They are engineered to respond to various inputs and produce outputs, much like the components of a traditional computer. The complex web of cellular signaling pathways acts as the information processing system, allowing for massively parallel computations within the cell. Additionally, unlike silicon-based computers that need external power sources, cellular computers use the cell’s own metabolic processes to generate energy. This combination of DNA programming, protein functionality, signaling pathways, and self-sustained energy creates a unique computing system that leverages the natural abilities of living cells.

How Living Cellular Computers Work

To understand how living cellular computers work, it’s helpful to think of them like a special kind of computer, where DNA is the “tape” that holds information. Instead of using silicon chips like regular computers, these systems use the natural processes in cells to perform tasks.

In this analogy, DNA has four “symbols”—A, C, G, and T—that store instructions. Enzymes, which are like tiny machines in the cell, read and modify this DNA just as a computer reads and writes data. But unlike regular computers, these enzymes can move freely within the cell, doing their work and then reattaching to the DNA to continue.

For example, one enzyme, called a polymerase, reads DNA and makes RNA, a kind of temporary copy of the instructions. Another enzyme, helicase, helps to copy the DNA itself. Special proteins called transcription factors can turn genes on or off, acting like switches.

What makes living cellular computers exciting is that we can program them. We can change the DNA “tape” and control how these enzymes behave, allowing for complex tasks that regular computers can’t easily do.

Advantages of Living Cellular Computers

Living cellular computers offer several compelling advantages over traditional silicon-based systems. They excel at massive parallel processing, meaning they can handle multiple computations simultaneously. This capability has the potential to greatly enhance both speed and efficiency of the computations. Additionally, biological systems are naturally energy-efficient, operating with minimal energy compared to silicon-based machines, which could make cellular computing more sustainable.

Another key benefit is the self-replication and repair abilities of living cells. This feature could lead to computer systems that are capable of self-healing, a significant leap from current technology. Cellular computers also have a high degree of adaptability, allowing them to adjust to changing environments and inputs with ease—something traditional systems struggle with. Finally, their compatibility with biological systems makes them particularly well-suited for applications in fields like medicine and environmental sensing, where a natural interface is beneficial.

The Potential of Living Cellular Computers for Artificial Intelligence

Living cellular computers hold intriguing potential for overcoming some of the major hurdles faced by today’s artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Although the current AI relies on biologically inspired neural networks, executing these models on silicon-based hardware presents challenges. Silicon processors, designed for centralized tasks, are less effective at parallel processing—a problem partially addressed by using multiple computational units like graphic processing units (GPUs). Training neural networks on large datasets is also resource-intensive, driving up costs and increasing the environmental impact due to high energy consumption.

In contrast, living cellular computers excel in parallel processing, making them potentially more efficient for complex tasks, with the promise of faster and more scalable solutions. They also use energy more efficiently than traditional systems, which could make them a greener alternative.

Additionally, the self-repair and replication abilities of living cells could lead to more resilient AI systems, capable of self-healing and adapting with minimal intervention. This adaptability might enhance AI’s performance in dynamic environments.

Recognizing these advantages, researchers are trying to implement perceptron and neural networks using cellular computers.  While there’s been progress with theoretical models, practical applications are still in the works.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

While the potential of living cellular computers is immense, several challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed. One of the primary technical challenges is the complexity of designing and controlling genetic circuits. Unlike traditional computer programs, which can be precisely coded and debugged, genetic circuits operate within the dynamic and often unpredictable environment of living cells. Ensuring the reliability and stability of these circuits is a significant hurdle that researchers must overcome.

Another critical challenge is the scalability of cellular computation. While proof-of-concept experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of living cellular computers, scaling up these systems for practical applications remains a daunting task. Researchers must develop robust methods for mass-producing and maintaining engineered cells, as well as integrating them with existing technologies.

Ethical considerations also play a crucial role in the development and deployment of living cellular computers. The manipulation of genetic material raises concerns about unintended consequences and potential risks to human health and the environment. It is essential to establish stringent regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines to ensure the safe and responsible use of this technology.

The Bottom Line

Living cellular computers are setting the stage for a new era in computation, employing the natural abilities of biological cells to tackle tasks that silicon-based systems handle today. By using DNA as the basis for programming and proteins as the functional components, these systems promise remarkable benefits in terms of parallel processing, energy efficiency, and adaptability. They could offer significant improvements for AI, enhancing speed and scalability while reducing power consumption. Despite the potential, there are still hurdles to overcome, such as designing reliable genetic circuits, scaling up for practical use, and addressing ethical concerns related to genetic manipulation. As this field evolves, finding solutions to these challenges will be key to unlocking the true potential of cellular computing.

[cropforlife]

Designing and programming living computers: Transforming bacterial cells into living artificial neural circuits; applications include biomanufacturing and therapeutics

Designing and programming living computers: Transforming bacterial cells into living artificial neural circuits; applications include biomanufacturing and therapeutics

Bringing together concepts from electrical engineering and bioengineering tools, Technion and MIT scientists collaborated to produce cells engineered to compute sophisticated functions — “biocomputers” of sorts. Graduate students and researchers from Technion — Israel Institute of Technology Professor Ramez Daniel’s Laboratory for Synthetic Biology & Bioelectronics worked together with Professor…

[melbournenewsvine]

Melbourne scientists teach brain cells in a bowl to play pong potentially opening the way to powerful artificial intelligence

Compared to cells that do not get any feedback, cells are attached to it bong The game played a little better after five minutes. After 20 minutes of playing, they were better off – evidence that neurons were building networks, reorganizing and learning. “This development represents a huge step forward for artificial biological neural networks,” said Professor Anton van den Hengel, founding director of the Australian Institute of Machine Learning. He did not participate in the study. Despite significant advances, AI systems remain far less intelligent than animals, in part due to the vast amount of computing power and electricity that the most powerful models require. Van den Hengel said biological computers do not have this limitation because neurons are very energy efficient. Professor David Winkler, a machine learning researcher at Monash University, who was not involved in the research, noted that the study was small – “as in most paradigm shift studies” – and while valid, the results were characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. demo about hmm. “But it’s a really exciting start, and people will build on that,” he said. “With more complex experiences, I wouldn’t be surprised if learning improved dramatically.” Researchers believe that the DishBrain, as they call it, is too primitive to have consciousness. Future research in the region will open “huge” ethical questions, said Dr. Adil Al-Razi, director of the Computer and Systems Science Laboratory at Monash University and co-author of the paper. A scanning electron microscope image of a neuronal culture growing for more than six months on a high-density multielectrode array. A few neurons grow around the periphery and have developed intricate networks that cover the electrodes in the center.attributed to him:cortical parameters Computers are tools humans use – but biological computers may be more like pals. “You’re cooperating with them, rather than telling them what to do,” he said. “Do they have feelings, awareness? Are they aware of what is happening around them? We don’t know. We don’t think they are conscious in any way – but they could be in the future.” Professor Robert Sparrow, a philosopher who studies the ethics of technology at Monash University, said DishBrain’s simplicity meant it did not immediately raise ethical concerns. “But the claim about consciousness raises the alarm for future research in this area.” loading The team next plans to study the effect of alcohol on cells. “Basically, get them to get drunk and see if they play the game more badly,” Kagan said. Since the team uploaded the initial version of their study last year, three major biocomputational projects have been launched in the United States and Europe. Kagan hopes to herald a new dawn for the field and open the way to true AI. For years, AI research has focused on using computers to simulate neural networks. This approach works well for specific applications such as playing video games, but it has not yet generated true AI. “Maybe it’s time to try a new approach,” Kagan said. “The only evidence we have of a general intelligence system is using biological neurons – and we are.” Cortical Labs is a venture capital funded startup. Kagan is an employee, shareholder, and holder of study-related patents. The Morning Edition newsletter is our guide to the most interesting daily news, analysis and insights. Register here. Source link Originally published at Melbourne News Vine

[techninja]

Unveiling the Potential: Wetware Computers Market Explodes with Innovation

In the realm of technological innovation, where the boundaries between science fiction and reality blur, wetware computers emerge as a fascinating frontier. Unlike traditional hardware, wetware computers are not built from silicon and metal but are instead composed of living biological material, such as neurons or DNA. This revolutionary approach to computing holds immense promise, igniting a surge of interest and investment in the Wetware Computers Market.

The concept of wetware computing draws inspiration from the most powerful computing system known to humanity: the human brain. Mimicking the brain's structure and functionality, wetware computers leverage biological components to perform complex computations with unparalleled efficiency and adaptability. This paradigm shift in computing heralds a new era of neuromorphic computing, where machines can learn, reason, and evolve in ways reminiscent of the human mind.

One of the most compelling applications of wetware computers lies in the realm of artificial intelligence (AI). Traditional AI systems often struggle with tasks that humans excel at, such as natural language processing and pattern recognition. Wetware computers, with their biological substrate, offer a more intuitive and seamless approach to AI, enabling machines to comprehend and interact with the world in a manner akin to human cognition.

Biocomputing, a subset of wetware computing, explores the integration of biological components, such as DNA molecules, into computational systems. DNA, with its remarkable data storage capacity and self-replicating nature, presents a tantalizing opportunity for developing ultra-compact and energy-efficient computing devices. Researchers envision DNA-based computers capable of solving complex problems in fields ranging from healthcare to environmental monitoring.

Another exciting avenue in the wetware computers market is the advancement of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCIs establish direct communication pathways between the human brain and external devices, enabling individuals to control computers, prosthetics, or even smart appliances using their thoughts alone. With wetware-based BCIs, the potential for seamless integration and enhanced performance skyrockets, paving the way for transformative applications in healthcare, accessibility, and human augmentation.

The wetware computers market is not without its challenges and ethical considerations. As with any emerging technology, questions regarding safety, reliability, and privacy abound. Ensuring the ethical use of wetware technologies, safeguarding against potential misuse or unintended consequences, requires robust regulatory frameworks and interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists, ethicists, and policymakers.

Despite these challenges, the wetware computers market is poised for exponential growth and innovation. Companies and research institutions worldwide are investing heavily in R&D efforts to unlock the full potential of biological computing. From startups pushing the boundaries of biocomputing to established tech giants exploring neuromorphic architectures, the landscape is abuzz with creativity and ambition.

In addition to AI, biocomputing, and BCIs, wetware computers hold promise across diverse domains, including robotics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring. Imagine robots endowed with biological brains, capable of learning and adapting to dynamic environments with human-like agility. Picture a future where personalized medicine is powered by DNA-based computing, revolutionizing healthcare delivery and treatment outcomes.

As the wetware computers market continues to evolve, collaborations between academia, industry, and government will be instrumental in driving innovation and addressing societal concerns. Interdisciplinary research initiatives, funding support for cutting-edge projects, and public engagement efforts are essential for navigating the complexities of this transformative technology landscape.

In conclusion, the rise of wetware computers represents a paradigm shift in computing, with profound implications for AI, biotechnology, and human-machine interaction. By harnessing the power of living biological material, we embark on a journey towards smarter, more adaptable, and ethically conscious computing systems. As we tread this uncharted territory, let us embrace the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, shaping a future where wetware computers empower us to realize the full extent of our technological imagination.

[sciencespies]

Machine sucks up tiny tissue spheroids and prints them precisely

https://sciencespies.com/biology/machine-sucks-up-tiny-tissue-spheroids-and-prints-them-precisely/

Machine sucks up tiny tissue spheroids and prints them precisely

PSU aspiration bioprinted on the bottom of a glass Petri dish. The spheroids of tissue can be seen. Credit: Ozbolat’s Lab/Penn State

A new method of bioprinting uses aspiration of tiny biologics such as spheroids, cells and tissue strands, to precisely place them in 3-D patterns either on scaffolding or without to create artificial tissues with natural properties, according to Penn State researchers.

“Tissue spheroids have been increasingly used as building blocks for fabrication of tissues, but their precise bioprinting has been a major limitation,” said Ibrahim T. Ozbolat, Hartz Family Career Development Associate Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics. “In addition, these spheroids have been primarily bioprinted in a scaffold-free manner and could not be applied for fabrication with a scaffold.”

Using scaffolding is necessary for many applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering and also in fabrication of microphysiological systems for disease modeling or drug screening.

Ozbolat and his team used aspiration-assisted bioprinting along with conventional micro-valve printing to create homogeneous tissues and tissues containing a variety of cells.

Aspiration-assisted bioprinting uses the power of suction to move tiny microscopic spheroids. Just as one could pick up a pea by placing a drinking straw on it and sucking through the straw, aspiration-assisted bioprinting picks up the tissue spheroid, holds the suction on the spheroid until it is placed in exactly the proper location and then releases it. The researchers report on their tissue engineering work today in Science Advances.

“Of course, we have to gently aspirate the spheroids according to their viscoelastic properties so no damage occurs in transferring the spheroids to the gel substrate,” said Ozbolat. “The spheroids need to be structurally intact and biologically viable.”

By controlling the exact placement and type of spheroid, the researchers have been able to create samples of heterocellular tissues, those containing different types of cells.

An aspiration bioprinting tip sucks up a spheroid of cells and places in in a substrate. Multiple types of cells can be placed in a substrate. The cells can grow microcapillaries. Credit: Ozbolat Lab/Penn State, animation by Daryl Branford/Penn State

“We demonstrated for the first time that by controlling the location and distance between spheroids we can mediate collective capillary sprouting,” said Ozbolat.

The researchers were able to create a matrix of spheroids with capillary sprouting in the desired directions. Capillaries are necessary for creation of tissues that can grow and continue to live. They are a means of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells, without which, cells will die. Without capillaries, only the outermost cells will receive oxygen and nutrients.

Precise placement of spheroids also allows creation of heterocellular tissues like bone. By beginning with human mesenchymal stem cells, the researchers found that the cells differentiated and self assembled bone tissue.

The ability to produce artificial living tissues is valuable in areas outside of regenerative medicine. Frequently, tissue samples are necessary to test drugs or screen other chemical products. Producing specific tissues for each purpose could help in these endeavors.

The researchers suggest that this method can be cost effective because the equipment required costs under $1,000 and is easy to use. They report that the system “can be useful in a wide variety of applications, including but not limited to organ-on-a-chip devices, drug testing devices, microfluidic, in vitro human disease models, organoid engineering, biofabrication and tissue engineering, biocomputing and biophysics.”

They do note that the system still needs improvement to print spheroids in high-throughput to create larger tissues in a shorter time.

There may also be other, out-of-the-box uses for this system. Ozbolat suggests that bioprinting of electric eel electrocytes that produce an electric current might lead to living batteries in the future.

Explore further

Novel bioprinter shows potential to speed tissue engineering

More information: “Aspiration-assisted bioprinting for precise positioning of biologics” Science Advances (2020). advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/10/eaaw5111

Provided by Pennsylvania State University

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#Biology