#Burton Caldwell

[coochiequeens]

I've posted many times before about how surrogacy exploits vulnerable women and turns their babies into commodities. This article is about the impact of the fertility industry on the children themselves.

‘I slept with my half-sibling’: Woman’s horror story reflects loosely regulated nature of US fertility industry

By Rob Kuznia, Allison Gordon, Nelli Black and Kyung Lah, CNN | Photographs by Laura Oliverio, CNN

Published 10:00 AM EST, Wed February 14, 2024CNN — 

Victoria Hill never quite understood how she could be so different from her father – in looks and in temperament. The 39-year-old licensed clinical social worker from suburban Connecticut used to joke that perhaps she was the mailman’s child.

Her joke eventually became no laughing matter. Worried about a health issue, and puzzled because neither of her parents had suffered any of the symptoms, Hill purchased a DNA testing kit from 23andMe a few years ago and sent her DNA to the genomics company.

What should have been a routine quest to learn more about herself turned into a shocking revelation that she had many more siblings than just the brother she grew up with – the count now stands at 22. Some of them reached out to her and dropped more bombshells: Hill’s biological father was not the man she grew up with but a fertility doctor who had been helping her mother conceive using donated sperm. That doctor, Burton Caldwell, a sibling told her, had used his own sperm to inseminate her mother, allegedly without her consent.

But the most devastating revelation came this summer, when Hill found out that one of her newly discovered siblings had been her high school boyfriend – one she says she easily could have married.

“I was traumatized by this,” Hill told CNN in an exclusive interview. “Now I’m looking at pictures of people thinking, well, if he could be my sibling, anybody could be my sibling.”

Hill’s story appears to represent one of the most extreme cases to date of fertility fraud in which fertility doctors have misled their female patients and their families by secretly using their own sperm instead of that of a donor. It also illustrates how the huge groups of siblings made possible in part by a lack of regulation can lead to a worst-case scenario coming to pass: accidental incest.

In this sense, say advocates of new laws criminalizing fertility fraud, Hill’s story is historic.

“This was the first time where we’ve had a confirmed case of someone actually dating, someone being intimate with someone who was their half-sibling,” said Jody Madeira, a law professor at Indiana University and an expert on fertility fraud.

A CNN investigation into fertility fraud nationwide found that most states, including Connecticut, have no laws against it. Victims of this form of deception face long odds in getting any kind of recourse, and doctors who are accused of it have an enormous advantage in court, meaning they rarely face consequences and, in some cases, have continued practicing, according to documents and interviews with fertility experts, lawmakers and several people fathered by sperm donors.

CNN also found that Hill’s romantic relationship with her half-brother wasn’t the only case in which she or other people in her newly discovered sibling group interacted with someone in their community who turned out to be a sibling.

At a time when do-it-yourself DNA kits are turning donor-conceived children into online sleuths about their own origins – and when this subset of the American population has reached an estimated one million people – Hill’s situation is a sign of the times. She is part of a larger groundswell of donor-conceived people who in recent years have sought to expose practices in the fertility industry they say have caused them distress: huge sibling pods, unethical doctors, unreachable biological fathers, a lack of information about their biological family’s medical history.

The movement has been the main driver in getting about a dozen new state laws passed over the past four years. Still, the legal landscape is patchy, and the US fertility industry is often referred to by critics as the “Wild West” for its dearth of regulation relative to other western countries.

“Nail salons are more regulated than the fertility industry,” said Eve Wiley, who traced her origins to fertility fraud and is a prominent advocate for new laws.

Accountability in short supply

More than 30 doctors around the country have been caught or accused of covertly using their own sperm to impregnate their patients, CNN has confirmed; advocates say they know of at least 80.

Accountability for the deception has been in short supply. The near-absence of laws criminalizing the practice of fertility fraud until recently means no doctors have yet been criminally charged for the behavior. In 2019, Indiana became the second state, more than 20 years after California, to pass a statute making fertility fraud a felony.

Even in civil cases that have been settled out of court, the affected families have typically signed non-disclosure agreements, effectively shielding the doctors from public scrutiny.

Meanwhile, some doctors who have been found out were allowed to keep their medical licenses.

In Kentucky, retired fertility doctor Marvin YussmanMarvin Yussman admitted using his own sperm to inseminate about half a dozen patients who at the time were unaware that he was the donor. One of them filed a complaint to the state’s board of medical licensure when her daughter – who was born in 1976 – learned Yussman was the likely father after submitting her DNA to Ancestry.com.

“I feel betrayed that Dr. Yussman knowingly deceived me and my husband about the origin of the sperm he injected into my body,” the woman wrote in a letter to the board in 2019. “Although I realize Dr. Yussman did not break any laws as such, I certainly feel his actions were unconscionable and depraved.”

In his response to the medical board, Yussman said that during that era, fresh sperm was prioritized over frozen sperm, meaning donors had to arrive on a schedule.

“On very rare occasions when the donor did not show and no frozen specimen was available, I used my own sperm if I otherwise would have been an appropriate donor: appropriate blood type, race, physical characteristics,” Yussman wrote.

He added some of his biological children have “expressed gratitude for their existence” to him and even sent him photos of their own children. Yussman, who noted in his defense that he didn’t remember the woman who made the complaint, said his policy decades ago was to inform patients that physicians could be among the possible donors, though neither he nor the complainant could provide records that clarified the protocol.

The board declined to discipline him, citing insufficient evidence, according to case documents. Reached on the phone by CNN, Yussman declined to comment.

The story that really put fertility fraud on the national radar was that of Dr. Donald Cline, who fathered at least 90 children in Indiana. Cline’s case spurred lawmakers to pass legislation that outlawed fertility fraud but wasn’t retroactive, meaning he was never prosecuted for it. But he was convicted of obstruction of justice after lying to investigators in the state attorney general’s office who briefly looked into the case. Following that conviction in 2018, Cline surrendered his license. Cline’s lawyer did not respond to an email seeking comment.

Netflix followed up with a documentary about Cline in 2022 that inspired two members of Congress – Reps. Stephanie Bice, an Oklahoma Republican, and Mikie Sherrill, a New Jersey Democrat – to coauthor the first federal bill outlawing fertility fraud. If passed, the Protecting Families from Fertility Fraud Act would establish a new federal sexual-assault crime for knowingly misrepresenting the nature or source of DNA used in assisted reproductive procedures and other fertility treatments. The bill has found dozens of backers – 28 Republicans and 20 Democrats – amid a renewed effort to push it on Capitol Hill.

In this March 29, 2007 file photo, Dr. Donald Cline, a reproductive endocrinologist and fertility specialist, speaks at a news conference in Indianapolis.Kelly Wilkinson/The Indianapolis Star/AP/File

A group of advocates including Hill plans to go to DC to champion the bill on Wednesday.

To be sure, passage wouldn’t mean that any of the dozens of doctors who have already been accused of fertility fraud would go to prison, as the crime would have occurred before the law existed. But the measure would provide more pathways for civil litigation in such cases.

The push to better regulate the fertility industry isn’t without critics. It inspires unease – if not outright opposition – from some who fear any industry crackdown could have the unintended effect of making the formation of families less accessible to the LGBTQ community, which comprises an outsized share of the donor-recipient clientele.

“I think we should pause before creating additional criminal liability for people practicing reproductive medicine,” said Katherine L. Kraschel, assistant professor of law and health sciences at Northeastern University. “It gives me great pause … to say we want the government to try to step in and regulate what amounts to a reproductive choice.”

Some experts also point out that the advent of take-at-home DNA tests by companies such as 23andMe and Ancestry has pretty much stamped out fertility fraud in the modern era.

“To my knowledge, the majority of fertility fraud cases took place before 2000,” said Julia T. Woodward, a licensed clinical psychologist and associate professor in psychiatry and OBGYN in the Duke University Health System, in an email to CNN. “I think it is highly unlikely any person would engage in such practices today (it would be too easy to be exposed). So this part of the landscape has improved significantly.”

But activists in the donor-conceived community still want laws, in part to provide pathways for civil litigation, and also to send a message to any medical professional who might feel emboldened by the lack of accountability.

“Let’s say arguably that it doesn’t happen anymore,” said Laura High, a donor-conceived person and comedian who, with more than 600,000 followers on TikTok, has carved out something of a niche as a fertility-industry watchdog on social media. “Pass the f**king legislation just in case.

“Why not just out of the optics – just out of a, ‘Hey we’re going to stand by the victims.’ Let’s just do this. We know it’s never going to happen anymore, but let’s just make this illegal.”

Victoria Hill and her two children play with toys in the living room of her mother's house in Wethersfield. Laura Oliverio/CNN

‘You are my sister’

The lack of a law in Connecticut appears to have been a stumbling block for a pair of siblings seeking recourse for what they allege is a case of fertility fraud.

The half-siblings – a sister and brother – sued OBGYN Narendra Tohan of New Britain in 2021, saying he deceived their mothers when using his own sperm in the fertility treatments.

He has derailed the suit with a novel defense, arguing successfully that it amounts to a “wrongful life” case, which typically pertains to people born with severe life-limiting conditions and isn’t recognized in Connecticut. Tohan, who is still practicing, did not return an email or call to his office seeking comment. The siblings are appealing the ruling.

Madeira, the expert in fertility fraud from Indiana University, called the “wrongful life” decision absurd.

“In fertility fraud, no parent is saying that – no parent is saying I would have gotten an abortion,” she said. “Every parent is saying, ‘I love my child. I just wish that my wishes would have been respected and my doctor wouldn’t have used his sperm.’”

And then there is Dr. Burton Caldwell, who declined CNN’s request for an interview. One of his apparent biological children decided to sue him last year, even though she knows it will be an uphill battle without a fertility fraud law on the books. Janine Pierson and her mother, Doreen Pierson, accuse Caldwell – who stopped practicing in the early 2000s – of impregnating Doreen with his own sperm after having falsely told her that the donor would be a Yale medical student.

Half-sisters Alyssa Denniston, Victoria Hill and Janine Pierson pose for a portrait in Hartford, Connecticut. The three of them say they — and at least 20 others — all share a biological father, Dr. Burton Caldwell. Laura Oliverio/CNN

Janine Pierson, a social worker, thought she was an only child until she took a 23andMe test in the summer of 2022 and was floored to learn she had 19 siblings. (That number has since grown to 22.)

“It was like my entire life just came to this screeching halt,” she told CNN.

When she learned through one of her siblings that Caldwell was the likely father, Pierson said she immediately phoned her mom, who was stunned.

“We both just cried for a few minutes because it just felt like such a violation,” Pierson said.

Pierson said she decided to pursue the lawsuit even though she knows the lack of a fertility-fraud law in Connecticut could pose a challenge.

“It shouldn’t just be, you know, the Wild West where these doctors can just do whatever it is that they want,” she said.

Hill is watching her newly discovered half-sister’s case closely.

For her, the first surprise was learning the dad she grew up with wasn’t her biological father.  Although her mom had told her when Hill was younger that she’d sought help conceiving at a fertility clinic, she also said – falsely – that the doctor had used her dad’s sperm.

When Hill learned that the biological father appeared to be Caldwell a few years ago, she contacted lawyers to inquire about filing a suit, but was told she doesn’t have much of a case, so she didn’t pursue it. Now, she said, her statute of limitations is about to expire.

Last year, Hill was hit with another shattering revelation.

In May, she and her three closest friends were celebrating their 20-year high school reunion over dinner.

She was sharing the tale with them of how she learned about her biological father. Everyone was captivated, except one person – her former boyfriend. He looked like he was turning something over in his head. Then he noted that his parents, too, had sought help conceiving from a fertility clinic.

A couple months later, in July, as Hill was leaving for a summer vacation with her husband and two young children, the ex-boyfriend texted her a screenshot showing their 23andMe connection.

“You are my sister,” he said.

Fertility industry regulations in US lax relative to other countries

Hill’s high school boyfriend isn’t the only person she knew in the community who turned out to be a sibling.

“I have slept with my half-sibling,” Hill said. “I went to elementary school with another.”

What’s more, Hill said, back in the early 2000s, she lived across the street from a deli in Norwalk she often went to that was owned by twins who she later learned are her siblings.

Pierson, too, discovered recently that she’d crossed paths with a sibling long ago. She said she has a group photo from when she was a kid at summer camp that shows her on a stage and a boy in the audience. In 2022, she learned that he is her older half-brother.

“Within 20 feet of one another, and we have no idea,” she said.

In general, the bigger the sibling pool, the greater the risk of accidental incest – regardless of whether fertility fraud came into play.

“I don’t date people my age. I can’t do it,” said Jamie LeRose, a 23-year-old singer from New Jersey who has at least 150 siblings from a regular sperm donor, not a doctor. “I look at people my age and I’m automatically unattracted to them because I just, I go, that could be my sibling.”

With this in mind, activists also often advocate for laws that cap the number of siblings per donor – and that do away with donor anonymity. (Neither of these restrictions are included in the proposed federal bill.)

Other countries have instituted such regulations. Norway for instance limits the number of children to eight; Germany, to 15. Germany and the UK have banished anonymity at sperm banks.

The United States government has no such requirements – and the professional association that represents the fertility industry wants to keep it that way.

“What we have not done very much in this country is pass regulations about who gets to have children,” said Sean Tipton, the chief advocacy and policy officer for the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. “If you’re going to say you should only be able to have 50 children, that’s fine. But that should apply to everybody. It shouldn’t apply just to sperm donors.”

Regarding the concern among donor-conceived people about accidental incest, Tipton added, “if you want to be sure that before you have children with somebody, you can run DNA tests to make sure you’re not related.”

The ASRM, which often clashes with donor-conceived activists, has not taken a stance on the federal bill, Tipton told CNN.

The organization does offer nonbinding guidelines that address concerns about incest, recommending for instance no more than 25 births per donor in a population of 800,000.

Although most of the donor-conceived people who spoke with CNN for this story said they wanted to see legislative change, they also described an emotional aspect of the topic that no new law or regulation could begin to quell: a yearning to better understand one’s origins and identity. For Pierson, it was this desire, coupled with a mix of anger and curiosity, that compelled her to pay Caldwell an unannounced visit one day in 2022 – weeks after she’d learned he was most likely her biological father.

Confronting Caldwell

“I woke up that day and I had decided I didn’t want to call him,” Pierson said. “I didn’t want to give him the opportunity to say no. So I just drove directly to his house from work.”

Pierson, who lived in Cheshire at the time, describes an experience that was equal parts surreal and awkward.

After an hourlong trip, she pulled up to a large, stately house with a long driveway not far from the Connecticut coast. When she knocked on the door, nobody answered. But when a neighbor stopped by to drop something off, Caldwell opened the door. Seizing the moment, Pierson introduced herself. He let her in.

Laying eyes for the first time on her biological father, Pierson, 36, saw a man in his 80s with a slight tremor due to Parkinson’s, sporting a blue golf shirt.

He invited her inside and they sat at his dining room table.

Caldwell, she said, didn’t seem surprised – likely because Hill had made a similar visit a couple of years earlier.

“He was not in any way apologetic,” Pierson said, but she added that he did not deny using his own sperm when working in the 1980s at a New Haven clinic. She said Caldwell confessed that he “never gave it the thought that he should have … that there would be so many (children), and that it would have any kind of an impact on us.”

Pierson said Caldwell asked her questions that gave her pause.

“One thing that really has always bothered me is that he asked me how many grandchildren he had,” she said. “And he was very curious about my scholastic achievements and what I made of myself. … Like how intelligent I was, basically.”

She said their conversation ended abruptly when, looking uncomfortable, Caldwell stood up, which she took as a signal that the visit was over. Before parting ways, she asked if he would pose for a photo with her. He consented.

“I knew it would be the only time that I actually ever had that opportunity to take a picture,” she said. “Not that I wanted like a relationship with him in any way because – it was just like mixed of emotions of, you know, like, I despise you, but at the same time, I’m grateful to be here.”

Janine Pierson displays a selfie she took with Caldwell on her phone in Hartford, Connecticut. Pierson took the photo during a visit with Caldwell in 2022 and it is the only photograph she has with him. Laura Oliverio/CNN

[redladydeath]

"You, you said that I tricked ya Cause I, I didn't look like my profile picture Too, too bad I don't agree So I'm gonna hang it up for everyone to see And you can't stop me cause I'm the queen of the castle Get down you dirty rascal Get down!"

[Grace Mouat; Vicki Manser; Courtney Stapleton; Shekinah McFarlane; Nicole Kyoung-Mi Lambert; Cherelle Jay; Collette Guitart; Cassandra Lee; Harriet Watson; Jennifer Caldwell; Natalie Pilkington; Zara MacIntosh; Liv Alexander; Ella Burns; Karis Oka; Emily Harrigan; Rachel Rawlinson; Keirsten Nicole Hodgens; Marilyn Caserta; Paisley Billings; Chiara Assetta; Abbi Hodgson; Shannen Alyce Quan; Danielle Rose; Esme Rothero; Grace Melville; Kelly Denice Taylor; Cassie Silva; Channing Weir; Harriet Caplan-Dean; Ayla Ciccone-Burton; Kayla McSorley; Holli’ Conway; Monique Ashe-Palmer; Princess Sasha Victomé; Jana Larell Glover; Cecilia Snow; Leah Vassell; Bethany McDonald; Leesa Tulley; Ellie Jane Grant; Izi Maxwell; Hailey Lewis; Gabriella Boumford; Marta Skrzypczyńska; Darcy Stewart; Mónika Horvath; Naomi Alade; Shakira Simpson; Deirdre Dunkin]

[janedances]

“It’s impossible to be in love with all the six queens’

The Six queens in question:

Megan Gilbert, Ashleigh Weir, Holly Musgrave, Oliver Wickham, Annabel Marlow, Shimali De Silva, Renee Lamb, Christina Modestou, Natalie Paris, Genesis Lynea, Aimie Atkinson, Izuka Hoyle, Jaye’J Richards-Noel, Millie O’Connell, Alexia McIntosh, Maiya Quansah-Breed, Grace Mouat, Vicki Manser, Courtney Stapleton, Adrianna Hicks, Andrea Macaseat, Abby Mueller, Brittney Mack, Samantha Pauly, Anna Uzele, Mallory Maedke, Nicole Kyoung-Mi Lambert, Courtney Mack, Shantel Cribbs, Courtney Bowman, Sophie Isaacs, Danielle Steers, Zara Macintosh, Cherelle Jay, Hana Stewart, Collette Guitart, Candace Furbert, Hazel Karooma-Brooker, Caitlin Tipping, Sophie Golden, Alicia Corrales-Connor, Viquichele Cross, Bryony Duncan, Natalie Pilkington, Lori McLare, Amy Bridges, Lauren Drew, Maddison Bulleyment, Lauren Byrne, Shekinah McFarlane, Jodie Steele, Athena Collins, Cassandra Lee, Jennifer Caldwell, Harriet Watson, Jasmine Shen, Kelly Sweeney, Jessica Niles, Georgia Carr, Amelia Walker, Liv Alexander, Elizabeth Walker, Maddison Firth, Laura Blair, Chloe Zuel, Kala Gare, Loren Hunter, Kiana Daniele, Courtney Monsma, Vidya Makan, Ella Burns, Karis Oka, Shannen Alyce-Quan, Jade Marvin, Lucy Aiston, Gabriella Stylianou-Burns, Scarlet Gabriel, Rebecca Wickes, Megan Leung, Sophie Rose Middleton, Abbi Hodgson, Kara Ami Mcraenor, Emily Harrigan, Gabrielle Smith, Melissa Ford, Kaylah Attard, Fia Houston-Hamilton, Rhiannon Bacchus, Rhiannon Doyle, Carly Mercedes Dyer, Elena Gyasi, Keirsten Hodgens, Artemis Chrisoulakis, Ellie Sharpe, Sadie Hurst, Melinda Porto, L’Oreal Roache, Wesley Carpenter, Maya Christian, Brianna Mooney, Meghan Dawson, Marilyn Caserta, Ashlee Waldbauer, Adrianna Glover, Alize Ke’Aloha Cruz, Kristina Walz, Amy Di Bartolomeo, Amanda Lindgren, Claudia Kariuki, Dionne Ward-Anderson, Tsemaye Bob-Egbe, Meesha Turner, Paisley Billings, Danielle Rose, Roxanne Couch, Esme Rothero, Rachel Rawlinson, Lauren Irving, Danielle Mendoza, Shelby Griswold, Kennedy Carstens, Abigail Sparrow, Jarynn Whitney, Madeline Fansler, Channing Weir, Princess Victomé, Sunayna Smith, Chloë Hart, Casey Al-Shaqsy, Aiesha Pease, Jaina Brock-Patel, Alana Robinson, Grace Melville, Leesa Tulley, Harriet Caplan-Dean, Khaila Wilcoxon, Storm Lever, Jasmine Forsberg, Olivia Donalson, Didi Romero, Gabriela Carrillo, Cassie Silva, Kelly Denice Taylor, Erin Ramirez, Kelsee Kimmel, Phoenix Mendoza, Chelsea Dawson, Chiara Assetta, Cristina D’Agostino, Joy Woods, Bre Jackson, Keri Rene Fuller, Brennyn Lark, Ayla Ciccone-Burton, Holli’ Conway, Brianna Javis, Gabbi Mack, Casey Esbin, Ellie Wyman, Sasha Renae Brown, Nicole Lamb, Aja Simone Baitey, Willow Dougherty, Kayla McSorely, Emily Rose Lyons, Chelsea Wargo, Hannah Taylor, Jessie Bodner, Jasmine Hackett, Janice Rijssel, Lucia Valentino, Elena Breschi, Meg Dixon-Brasil, Sarah McFarlane, Reca Oakley, Gerianne Perez, Zan Berube, Amina Faye, Terica Marie, Aline Mayagoitia, Sydney Parra, Jana Larell Glover, Taylor Pearlstein, Aryn Bohannon, Cecilia Snow, Rhianne Louise McCaulsky, Baylie Carson, Koko Basigara, Monique Ashe Palmer, Leah Vassell, Hailee Kaleem Wright, Leandra Ellis Gaston, Bella Coppola, Nasia Thomas, Zoe Jensen, Taylor Iman Jones, Aubrey Matalon, Kristina Leopold, Rae Davenport, Gianna Grosso, Kathryn Kilger, Bethany McDonald, Jillian Worthing, Haley Izurieta, Jasmine Smith, Lois Ellise Reeves, Alyssa Giannetti, Eden Holmes, Jaelle Laguerre, Kate Zulauf, Lee ARumSoul, Son Seungyeon Kim Ji Woo, Sophiya Pae, Park Hye-na, Park Ga-Ram, Kim Ji Sun, Choi Hyun-sun, Kim Ryeo Won, Heo Sol-ji, Yoo Ju-hye, Hong Ji Hee, Nicole Louise Lewis, Laura Dawn Pyatt, Erin Caldwell, Kenedy Small, Lou Henry, Aoife Haakenson, Ellie Jane Grant, Izi Maxwell, Tamara Morgan, Shakira Simpson, Fiorella Bamba, Lucinda Wilson, Caitlyn De Kuyper, Amanda Lee, Gabriella Boumford, Audrey Fisher, Brooke Aneece, Jaz Robinson, Julia Pulo, Maggie Lacasse, Krystal Hernández, Elysia Cruz, Lauren Mariasoosay, Julia McLellan, Darcy Stewart, Hailey Lewis

[dorothyser]

= Walt Disney’s Silly Symphony: Funny Little Bunnies=

Year: March 24, 1934

Director: Wilfred Jackson

Animators:

Art Babbitt Joe D'Igalo Dick Huemer Dick Lundy Hamilton Luske Wolfgang Reitherman Archie Robin Leonard Sebring Ben Sharpsteen Cy Young

Studio: Walt Disney Productions

Music: Frank Churchill, Leigh Harline

Layouts: Hugh Hennessy

Story Outline: A pair of bunnies invite the spectator to join a magical, cute, and sweet bunny land where all bunnies cooperate to create easter decorations. We can see all kind of treats, chocolate bunnies, gigantic chocolate eggs and even baskets. Everything is in this charming spectrum that indicates that this is a mystical place where color comes from rainbow drops.

Award: Venice Film Festival, Golden Medal Winner

Color Process: Technicolor. This technology was very expensive and still in a testing process, so the Silly Symphonies shorts were a crucial point to prove that the three-strip technicolor technique was an improvement in the film industry. In 1932 Burton Wescott and Joseph A. developed the camera with three-strip color process which would offer a full color range, instead of the red and green that had been used before. This camera exposed three color stripes at the same time on top of the black and white film. This technique was created by its own enterprise called Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation, founded by Herbert Kalmus, Daniel Frost Comstock, and W. Burton Wescott. This process was used exclusive by Walt Disney (who made an agreement of exclusivity) up until 1936 so the competition such as the Fleisher Studios were left behind (technology and color wise).

Reception: In general, for the Silly Symphonies, they had a great impact not only as a counter part for the people’s emotion and moral due to the Great Depression, which was awful, it was hard to get a job and any job would just not be enough, still, people would still pay 3.25 dollars to see movies, it was the great escape from reality. Yet again, this time was also a time where the color film was trying to become affordable for studios and being accepted for crowds, a technological competition that never stopped, considering that the first Technicolor movie was consider a fiasco, according to the Fortune magazine. In this magazine review is also revealed that Merian Caldwell Cooper, producer of King Kong (1933) after seeing the silly symphonies was no longer interested in producing in black and white.

Extra: In the case of the “Funny Little Bunnies”, we know that the Great Depression was sinking people’s moral and for so, Disney was creating this happy, magical, it’s all okay projects, but there was also merchandising and adds were also money makers. If I look for the date of the release this short was just before easter meaning appealing for a good selling market, not to mention that by this time, the Disney brand was not only selling on high exclusive products like diamonds but there were also more affordable home friendly items like blackboards.

[millingroundireland]

The Mills and Bibbys on 1848 Warren County, NY map

In 1848, J. Chace, E.A. Balch, William Otis Shearer and Robert Pearsall Smith contributed to a map of Warren County, New York, now held by the Library of Congress. It would be a "cadastral map showing towns (townships), numbered township survey sections, large property tracts (with owners' names), rural buildings, and householders' names," along with having an "agricultural statistical table, population statistical table for 1855, and business directory for [the] Glens Falls inset." In the process, the Mills and Bibby families were put on there for eternity, in this map, which was published in 1858.

The name "J. Mills" is underlined in yellow, and the dot representing his dwelling is circled. This is undoubtedly John Mills. Interestingly, in 1850, the Mills family is recorded as living in Glens Falls, but perhaps they were only there briefly, returning to Bolton not long after. This is supported by the fact that John is not on the list of subscribers listed on the 1851 Glens Falls map, which is currently housed by the Warren County Records Center. However, the 1855 census shows varied Mills families around Bolton, despite a Thomas Mills dying in Chester in March 1850. This census shows some of the Mills family neighbors as the Reynolds (2 families), Fish, Noble, Burton, Watson, Shutluff, and Philo families, the same ones that are mentioned on the above map! [1]

Below is a zoomed out version of the region, with the yellow dot at the top of the screen representing where the Mills family is living.

Doing some sleuthing, it is clear that A. Mills is Alphonzo Mills, whom is not related, but is part of another Mills line as  he s listed as born in Vermont, married to his wife Eliza A., possibly with the last name of Chandler, living in Chester, with Chestertown part of the same municipality. [2]

It is not known who W.F. Mills was, but he may have been related.

This post was originally published on WordPress in January 2019.

Looking at the 1855 census, it is clear that T. Mills is 49-year-old Irish-born Thomas Mills, whom was married to 43-year-old Irish-born lass named Margaret, whose last name may have been Yancy, due toe the presence a 65-yearold Elon Yancy in the household. Thomas and Margaret have 8 children: Joseph (age 17), Mary (age 17), Rachel (age 17), John (age 13), Edward S (age 11), Margaret (age 9), Phoebe (age 4), and Thomas (age 1). [3] While the census lists him as living in Chester, New York, Pottersville was a hamlet of Chester. The connection of the individual above to the map is clear: the neighbors of the Mills family are the Ferrisses, Virgils, Rowlands, Witneys, and two families: one headed by Isaac Mills (shown as I. Mills in the above map) and another headed by George Bibby (shown as G. Bibby on the above map). There is also an E. Beebe living the area, I'm seeing now, who is likely Elias Bibby or an unrelated Beebe family.

The above statistics of the region show that it was broadly agricultural, with much of the population in Queensbury.

Thanks to the Warren County Historical Society's TIF of the map, since it wasn't loading on the Library of Congress's site,  I was able to look at the inserts of Warrensburg, Pottersville, Caldwell, and Chester, but no Bibbys or Millses were mentioned there. By 1875 John would be in Chester, specifically Northwest of Pottersville, as indicated in an 1876 atlas, where he was called "J.R. Mills," published the same year of his death in Minerva. Nearby was T. Bibby (undoubtedly Thomas Bibby), G. Bibby (undoubtedly George Bibby), and I. Mills (undoubtedly Isaac Mills).

Courtesy of the Warren County Atlas of 1876, with the above taken from a TIF download of the map on the Warren County Records Center website.

That's all for this post. Until the next one!

© 2019-2023 Burkely Hermann. All rights reserved.

Notes

[1] "New York State Census, 1855," database with images, FamilySearch, John Mills, Bolton, Warren, New York, United States; citing pages 10-12 on Family Search, line #21, family #140, county clerk offices, New York; FHL microfilm 474,178.

[2]"United States Census, 1860", database with images, FamilySearch, A D Mills, 1860; "New York State Census, 1855," database with images, FamilySearch, Alphonse D Mills, Chester, Warren, New York, United States; citing p. , line #37, family #251, county clerk offices, New York; FHL microfilm 474,178; "United States Census, 1850," database with images, FamilySearch, Alphonzo Mills, Chester, Warren, New York, United States; citing family 52, NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.

[3] "New York State Census, 1855," database with images, FamilySearch, Thomas Mills, Chester, Warren, New York, United States; citing p. 4 to 5 on Family Search, line #18, family #76, county clerk offices, New York; FHL microfilm 474,178.

[therealefl]

Exeter City Poised To Capture International Goalkeeper

League One side Exeter City are set to win the race to sign Aston Villa goalkeeper Viljami Sinisalo, according to Eetu Ikola from Finnish outlet MTV Uutiset. The Finnish goalkeeper, who also had a spell at Burton Albion in League One last season, is set to join the Grecians on a season-long loan with the expectation he will join up with Gary Caldwell’s squad later this week. Who is Viljami…

[beyonceswigs]

Food for thought but I’ve always appreciated designers who take over houses and still keep the general theme intact. Casey Caldwell and Sarah Burton are not Thierry Mugler and Alexander McQueen but they emulate their styles so beautifully in a way where you can still feel the essence of Mugler and McQueen etc and their ideas and I think that’s beautiful.

[hag-darling]

fluff monster

[werewolfinthelivingroom]

shjahgfjassfh Inane Ramblings on what kind of alphabeter the goosebumps protags would grow up to be 

- Amanda Benson(Bi) - Margaret Brewer(Bi) - Lucy Dark(Lesbian) - Hannah Fairchild(Bi) - Carly Beth Caldwell(Nonbinary Lesbian) - Grady Tucker(Gay) - Gary Lutz(Gay Ace) - Evan Ross and Andy(Internalized Biphobics) - Ricky Beamer (Bi with Transmasc Swag) - Courtney King(Bi) - Todd Barstow (Gay but in an evil and fucked up way) - Larry Boyd (Bi with Transmasc Swag) - Skipper Mathews(Pan) - Sarah Maas(Lesbian) - Joe Burton(Gay) - Every Horrorland Series protag is bisexual and traumatized

[uomo-accattivante]

I think HBO Max should have used this image of Oscar Isaac to promote A World of Calm 😉:

(📷: David Burton)

Los Angeles, July 16, 2020 – HBO Max, the direct-to-consumer offering from WarnerMedia, announced today that it wants to help you relax with a ten-episode order of A World of Calm. A totally new type of television experience that combines mesmeric imagery with narration by A-list stars – including Mahershala Ali, Idris Elba, Oscar Isaac, Nicole Kidman, Zoë Kravitz, Lucy Liu, Cillian Murphy, and Keanu Reeves. HBO Max’s first project in the Health and Wellness space, A World of Calm is the result of a unique collaboration between the makers of Calm, the no. 1 app for sleep, meditation and relaxation, and Nutopia, the team behind Nat Geo’s critically acclaimed series One Strange Rock.

A timely antidote for our modern lives, each half-hour episode takes audiences on an immersive visual journey into another world. Building on the record-breaking success of Calm’s Sleep Stories™ – bedtime stories for grown ups with over 250m listens – each relaxing tale is designed to transform how you feel. Transporting the viewer into tranquility through scientifically-engineered narratives, enchanting music and astounding footage, to naturally calm your body and soothe the mind. Each story is brought to life by a different iconic voice.

“With the considerable amount of stress and chaos we are all experiencing at this particularly challenging time, we could all use a bit of guided relaxation and A World of Calm is here to help,” said Jennifer O’Connell, executive vice president of non-fiction and kids programming for HBO Max. “With soothing imagery and tranquil narration, this is one HBO Max original that we hope becomes part of your daily routine.”

“We are thrilled to work with such amazing partners as HBO Max and Calm for this new cutting edge endeavor,” said Nutopia CEO and founder Jane Root. “ Although this collaboration has been in the works for many months, this series has been entirely created during quarantine using Nutopia’s worldwide network of award winning cinematographers and filmmakers. We hope this series of serene stories will bring a sense of much needed calm to audiences.”

“Calm started life as a meditation app but the brand has evolved far beyond that,” said Calm co-founder and co-CEO Michael Acton Smith. “We are delighted to bring the magic behind our audio Sleep Stories to the screen for the first time.  These experiences are visual Valium and will help people relax and unwind during these stressful times.”

The series is co-produced by Calm and Nutopia with Jane Root, Nicola Moody, Michael Acton Smith and Chris Advansun serving as executive producers, and Sara Brailsford and Fiona Caldwell as co-executive producers.

###

About HBO Max HBO Max is WarnerMedia’s direct-to-consumer offering, which debuted May 27, 2020. With 10,000 hours of curated premium content, HBO Max offers powerhouse programming for everyone in the home, bringing together HBO, a robust slate of new original series, key third-party licensed programs and movies, and fan favorites from WarnerMedia’s rich library including motion picture and TV series from Warner Bros., highlights from New Line, and catalog titles from DC, CNN, TNT, TBS, truTV, Turner Classic Movies, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Crunchyroll, Rooster Teeth, Looney Tunes and more. Website: HBOMax.com

[trans-corvo]

Looking for Video Essayists on Youtube??

cuz i got a compilation of so many of them, hours and hours of youtube niches to fall into

Maggie Mae Fish - talks about Film // Mostly long form film analysis. Did a really good video about Tim Burton

Hbomberguy – talks about Politics, Film, Video Games, Internet Culture // started as mostly responses to popular alt-right talking points, now includes film and game analysis as well. Probably most famous for his Sherlock is Garbage and Here’s Why video and his Donkey Kong charity stream from a English charity dedicated to helping transgender youths.

Lindsay Ellis – talks about Film, Theatre, Pop Culture // Best known for her Transformers and Disney related content, not to mention a very good Shape of Water video

Big Joel – talks about Film, TV, Pop Culture, Internet Culture, Politics // Medium to Long-form videos, covers a huge range of genres and political issues

Jacob Gellar – talks about Video Games, Politics // Shorter videos, specifically politics in games and just examinations of game design philosophy

Renegade Cut – talks about Film, TV, Politics, Pop Culture // short to medium videos looking at the politics behind film, or using pop culture as a basis to explain different political theories

Jack Saint – talks about Politics, TV, Films, Pop Culture // Medium to long videos with a heavy comedic slant. Generally looking at broader concepts in pop culture, versus dissecting specific films/tv shows. Currently working on a very good All Cops are Bad (In Media) series

Sarah Z – talks about Pop Culture, TV, Film // Short to medium videos looking at a huge variety of topics. Did a very good video about the conflicted politics or Dr. Horrible’s Sing Along Blog

Ryan Hollinger – talks about Horror Movies // Short videos about just the horror genre, which he does reaallly well

Philosophy Tube – talks about Philosophy (obviously,) Politics // Channel started as explanations of various philosophical concepts (mostly political philosophy) has since evolved into something a lot more personal and theatrical.

Pop Culture Detective – talks about TV, Film, Pop Culture // Short to medium videos, sometimes analyzing specific movies, sometimes looking at broader uses of tropes across entire genres

Noah Caldwell-Gervais – talks about Video Games // may be the best video essayist on the platform, does amazing long-form essays looking at individual franchises/games, as well as some excellent compare/contrast videos

Folding Ideas – talks about Film, Video Games // short to medium videos looking at a huge range of topics, did an excellent series on 50 Shades of Grey

What’s So Great About That – talks about Film, Video Games // short videos looking at a huge range of topics

Jenny Nicholson – talks about Film, TV, Pop Culture // Medium to long videos about geared towards more tumblr-y topics, has some great videos on Fantastic Beasts, Fifty Shades, and terrible terrible literature

Errant Signal – talks about Video Games // short to medium videos about individual games and game design philosophies

[redladydeath]

"Sorry, not sorry 'bout what I said I'm just try'na have some fun Don't worry, don't worry, don't lose your head I didn't mean to hurt anyone LOL, say "Oh well!" or go to hell I'm sorry, not sorry 'bout what I said Don't lose your head"

[Grace Mouat; Vicki Manser; Mallory Maedke; Collette Guitart; Courtney Stapleton; Bryony Louise Duncan; Cherelle Jay; Jennifer Caldwell; Zara MacIntosh; Liv Alexander; Courtney Mack; Harriet Watson; Karis Oka; Natalie Pilkington; Abbi Hodgson; Esme Rothero; Nicole Kyoung-Mi Lambert; Ashlee Waldbauer; Danielle Rose; Roxanne Couch; Shannen Alyce Quan; Chiara Assetta; Rachel Rawlinson; Leesa Tulley; Channing Weir; Erin Ramirez; Cassie Silva; Grace Melville; Harriet Caplan-Dean; Kayla McSorley; Ayla Ciccone-Burton; Princess Sasha Victomé; Taylor Pearlstein; Aryn Bohannon; Monique Ashe-Palmer; Marilyn Caserta; Jillian Worthing; Madeline Fansler; Aubrey Matalon; Eden Holmes; Izi Maxwell; Willow Dougherty; Ellie Jane Grant; Darcy Stewart; Leah Vassell; Aleksandra Gotowicka; Shakira Simpson; Julia McLellan; Meg Dixon-Brasil; Audrey Fisher; Naomi Alade; Izzy Formby-Jackson]

[365days365movies]

March 18, 2021: The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) (Part One)

Look, it’s Woody Allen again! Why is this elephant here?

Ah, right. The documentary on HBO, which I have not watched since I last talked about Woody Allen? Why? Well, from what I’ve heard, it’s not the most accurate documentary, and has a bit of bias loaded into it. And again, I don’t know nearly enough about the whole situation, but...I’m also not interested in potentially biased accounts. So, I’ll take the time to educate myself.

Shame that I rarely have any time, then.

Yeah, I just made one of the oldest jokes on the internet ever. Sue me. SUE ME I DARE YOU

You may be asking, then, why am I doing the whole movie thing? Well, in truth, this is a form of escapism for me. I mean, who doesn’t like sitting down and watching a good movie, putting away your worldly cares for about 2 hours so that you can dive into another world entirely? I mean, the worlds that’ve been built by film over the last century never ceases to amaze me.

From Avatar’s Pandora to Mustafar in Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith, to the Great Barrier Reef in Finding Nemo, or the world of Monsters, Inc. There are so many unique worlds, not to mention the characters who inhabit them, and the directors and filmmakers who craft and show them. I just love movies, honestly. Which I could literally be in the world of some of them, even for just 2 hours.

But enough of that, what’s this film about? Eh, whatever, LET’S JUST GET INTO IT! SPOILERS AHEAD!!!

Recap (1/2)

We’re brought in on “Cheek to Cheek”, as sung by Fred Astaire, which is, not gonna lie, a guilty pleasure song of mine that I find myself singing in quiet moments. This leads us to a movie poster for the film, The Purple Rose of Cairo, which is being admired by Cecilia (Mia...Farrow). Ohhhhh.

You may remember Mrs. Farrow from her eponymous voice role in The Last Unicorn, which was made a few years before this film. And she’s also known for Rosemary’s Baby, The Great Gatsby, and...her marriage to Woody Allen, which ended in divorce and a massive lawsuit. Said lawsuit involved Farrow’s accusation of sexual abuse to their adopted daughter, Dylan. And that’s what the HBO documentary is about!

WOW. AWKWARD. Apparently, the two got married in 1980, and made thirteen films together, this one included. Which seems both awkward, and like straight-up nepotism, but whatever. Tim Burton did the same thing with Helena Bonham Carter, so whatever; it’s not unprecedented, is what I’m saying. Back to the movie, though.

Cecilia is a waitress, along with her sister (played by Stephanie Farrow, Mia’s actual sister). She’s new at the job, and not great at it. But, her and her sister still have nice conversations about films, as Cecilia’s quite the cinephile. After work, Cecilia meets her husband Monk (Danny Aiello), an abusive gambler who’s unemployed and not doing much about it. It’s the middle of the Great Depression, and things are hard all over. Monk seems to handle this by playing dice, and not particularly well.

Cecilia unsuccessfully tries to get Monk to see the newest movie with her, so she goes to see it alone that night. The film itself is a comedy about a rich Manhattanite named Henry (Edward Herrmann), alongside his wife Rita (Deborah Rush) and friend Jason (John Wood). They take a trip to Cairo, where they meet a young archaeologist named Tom Baxter (Jeff Daniels), who’s there to seek the mythical Purple Rose of Cairo. They invite him back to New York with them, and he accepts. There, he falls in love with Kitty Haynes (Karen Ackers), a singer at the Copacabana.

Cecilia is head over heels in love with the movie itself, and dreams about it at work, before going to see it again with her sister. They go to an early showing, and when she comes home, Monk’s drunk and spending time with a woman named Olga. Understandably enraged by this, Cecilia packs up her belongings to move out. Monk tries to get her to stay, the abusive cheating douchebag that he is. She notes that he hits her, and he defends his actions. Monk’s a real piece of shit. And she leaves, despite his absolute shit. God, I hope she stays away.

Unfortunately, she’s essentially forced to come back to the apartment that night, and returns to work as well. But not for long, as she’s basically immediately fired. Now jobless and stuck in an extremely shitty marriage, she has nowhere to go...except for the movies. And she goes back over...and over...and over again, five times in a row that day.

But the seventh time she sees the movie...something happens. Something fascinatingly unusual. The film, specifically Tom Baxter himself, watches her back.

Holy shit, that’s awesome! Tom Baxter notices Cecilia in the audience, and before his “madcap Manhattan weekend” is set to begin, Tom notes that she must really love this movie, and also that he’s noticed her all 6 previous times she’s seen the film. And then...he leaves. He leaves the movie!

He turns to color, and he jumps out of the screen to sweep Cecilia off of her feet. And EVERYBODY sees this, including the people IN the movie and in the theatre. I also love the fact that as soon as he turns to color, a woman faints, which is super fucking funny to me for some reason. Tom runs off with Cecilia, free after 2,000 monotonous performances.

Now that Tom’s met Cecilia, he’s never going back. The audience and the film stars are in complete disarray, and without Tom present, the movie can’t go forward, and the film characters descend into arguments about whose movie this actually is. It’s uh...it’s fucking hilarious, actually.

The enthusiastic Tom Baxter goes with Cecilia to a closed amusement park, where Cecilia once again expresses confusion at the whole affair. He notes that she’s been looking at her with every one of his performances, although she doesn’t understand why. But he calls her fetching, and is clearly quite smitten with her. And she appears to be returning that affection.

When Tom tells her that Cecilia is in love with him, she notes that she’s married. Still, he asks her to meet him that night at the amusement park. After all, how many times does a movie character leave a movie to meet somebody? Not an everyday occurrence.

Meanwhile, the film characters continue to be freaking the fuck out. The Countess (Zoe Caldwell) and Larry Wilde (Van Johnson) show up as well. The audience appears to be enjoying this less than I am, and they start to backtalk the movie, calling it boring. The movie backtalks the audience right back, and it continues to be hilarious.

Eventually, this becomes an attraction in and of itself. They suggest turning the movie off, but that risks stranding Tom Baxter outside. It also means that the film characters wouldn’t exist, which Henry is EXTREMELY upset about. As the news arrives to cover the small theatre’s anomaly, the people in the film itself start to play pinochle, as a few people linger around to watch and interact with the characters. The theatre manager (Irving Metzman) calls the production company, RKO, and they get on the phone with a Gil Shepherd.

Meanwhile, Cecilia manages to get out of the house, despite Monk trying to keep her there to massage his back, the absolute douchebag. She goes and meets Tom, and they go dancing together. This is just as the actor who plays Tom, Gil Shepherd (Jeff Daniels) is called by RKO while he’s at a party. Gil seems like kind of a typical Hollywood jerk, but he’s interrupted by an agent, who tells him that they need to get control of...well, whatever the hell this is.

Apparently, RKO is telling Gil that if he can’t get “his creation” under control, then he’ll essentially be blacklisted, especially considering that there’s no telling what Tom’s doing out there. And what Tom is doing is attempting to pay for a meal with Cecilia, only to find that his money isn’t real money. The two dine-and-dash, and they escape in a car back to the amusement park. 

There, the two kiss, with Tom expecting the screen to fade out in preparation for them to make love. He’s surprised when it doesn’t happen, and it’s neat to see his adjustment to the world outside of films. He wants to continue with the lovemaking, but she’s still faithful to her husband. He stays at the park, and she returns home, where she still hasn’t told Monk about her new unemployment status.

The next morning, Gil and co. arrive at the small New Jersey town, and Gil ends up running into Cecilia, who confuses him for Tom. Gil realizes exactly what’s going on, and reveals who he is to her. The two start to talk, and Cecilia just fangirls EVERWHERE. She agrees to take him to meet his character.

Great place to pause, I think! See you in Part Two!

[mssarahmorgan]

Book 15 of 2021: A Universe of Wishes: A We Need Diverse Books Anthology edited by Dhonielle Clayton

I loved this collection. The stories really run the gamut - science fiction, fantasy, historical settings, future settings, spaceships, fairy tales, true love, apocalypse. I particularly loved the title story, by Tara Sim, and "The Takeback Tango," by Rebecca Roanhorse (you can hear the amazing LeVar Burton read that one on his podcast, which is a real treat). "The Silk Blade," by Natalie C. Parker, felt like the beginning of a novel that I'd very much like to read, about a girl competing to win a prince who finds herself drawn to one of her rivals for his hand. Collections like this are great for introducing you to new writers you'll love. I highly recommend this one for YA spec-fic fans.

What to read next: A Phoenix First Must Burn, edited by Patrice Caldwell, for another standout collection of YA spec-fic by diverse authors.

[gromvillage]

prime numbers!

oh fuck i have to do math

2. is your room messy or clean?

right now it’s kind of messy but i try to keep it clean! i think it’s generally cleaner than most people my age

3. what color are your eyes?

i think my license says hazel but they range anywhere from brown to green depending on the day

5. what is your relationship status?

single af

7. what color hair do you have?

boring brown, though if i spend enough time outside in the summer it does lighten up some!

11. favorite social media account?

tumblr is my only real ‘social media’ because i’m boring so i’d have to go with tumblr

13.any siblings?

an older brother

17. how many times a week do you shower?

almost every day during the week because my hair is short and if i don’t shower it looks rough but usually only once on the weekend

19. shoe size?

somewhere between a 7 and an 8 depending on the brand and type of shoe

23. describe your dream date

ohhh something outside?? maybe going for a hike or kayaking or something like that? there will be food involved though for sure though 

29. whats the worst thing you have ever done? 

i can’t think of a Single Worst Thing but i know i’ve said some pretty mean things to people before and just generally been a dick??

31. 3 favorite boy names

tf kinda question is this?? idk man i’m not having kids or anything so i have no idea

37. do you read a lot? whats your favorite book? 

i don’t read nearly as much as i’d like to (looks like that’s going to change though because of my indefinite time at home currently), i really loved tommy caldwell’s biography “push”. “pirate latitudes” (michael crichton), “i’ll give you the sun” (jandy nelson), “life of pi” (yann martel), and almost anything by jon krakauer are also pretty far up on my list

41. top 10 favorite songs

(in no order)

-she’s kerosene by the interrupters 

-quarter past midnight by bastille

-high road to harlan by jason tyler burton

-16 by highly suspect

-watermelon sugar by harry styles

-in this love by stick figure

-why did you run by judah and the lion

-all the kids are depressed by jeremy zucker

-take me away by scotty sire

-kids see ghosts by kids see ghosts 

43. what is your skin type? (oily, dry, etc)

i have no idea...i’d say its generally dry?

47. what type of house do you live in? (big, small, etc) 

its moderately sizable, nothing crazy but not small

53. opinion on smoking?

i mean if getting cancer and wasting your money and smelling horrible and aging prematurely are your thing go crazy i guess

59. do you smile for pictures?

generally yeah, i think i look stupid in almost every photo i’m in though

61. have you ever peed in the woods? 

i made a whole post on peeing in the woods

67. what are your hobbies?

cooking, getting back into art for fun, going outside, i’m starting to get into sewing/embroidery some

71. tea or coffee?

neither 

73. do you want to get married?

it’s not at the top of my list but if i ever find someone who doesn’t hate me/i don’t hate i don’t see why not

79. do you believe in ghosts?

no but they still scare the shit out of me

83. regular oreos or golden oreos? 

umm regular i’m not a monster

89. do you like your neighbors? 

most of them are pretty great! we have tons of gatherings and stuff and i love visiting with them

97. dark, milk, or white chocolate? 

dark and milk!

[nedxchange]

Northbridge Industrial Services welcomes Chris Caldwell to its Board of Directors

Northbridge Industrial Services welcomes Chris Caldwell to its Board of Directors

By Debbie Wright March 31, 2021 by Olivier Dellacherie – UK, Burton upon Trent –  Northbridge Industrial Services plc (LON: NBI), the industrial services and rental company, today announced the appointment of Chris Caldwell to its Board of Directors with immediate effect. “I am delighted to welcome Chris to the Board of Northbridge. His experience in and knowledge of the Company and the industry…