#December 1613

[portraituresque]

Bartholomeus van der Helst - self portrait

Bartholomeus van der Helst (1613 – buried 16 December 1670) was a Dutch painter. Considered to be one of the leading portrait painters of the Dutch Golden Age, his elegant portraits gained him the patronage of Amsterdam's elite as well as the Stadtholder's circle.

[garadinervi]

Michele Camerota, Franco Giudice, and Salvatore Ricciardo, The reappearance of Galileo's original Letter to Benedetto Castelli, «Notes and Records» – The Royal Society journal of the history of science, Volume 73, Issue 1, Royal Society, London, March 2019, pp. 11–28. Cover image: Letter from “G G” (Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642), (detail), dated at Florence, to Padre Benedetto Castelli (1578-1643), Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pisa, EL/G1/1, 21 December 1613 signature, from the Royal Society archive

[thepastisalreadywritten]

Shakespeare's Globe Theatre.

The story of Globe Theatre started with William Shakespeare's acting company, Lord Chamberlain's Men.

William Shakespeare (baptized 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was a part-owner or sharer in the company, as well as an actor and resident playwright.

From its inception in 1594 AD, Lord Chamberlain's Men performed at Theatre, a playhouse located in Shoreditch.

However, by 1598, their patrons, including Earl of Southampton, had fallen out of favour with the Queen.

Theatre's landlord, Giles Alleyn, had intentions to cancel the company's lease and tear the building down.

While Alleyn did own the land, he did not own the materials with which the theatre had been built.

So, on 28 December 1598, after leasing a new site in Southwark, Cuthbert and Richard Burbage led the rest of the company of actors, sharers, and volunteers in taking the building down, timber by timber, loading it on to barges, and making their way across Thames.

Working together, the actors built the new theatre as quickly as they could.

The ground on the new site was marshy and prone to flooding, but foundations were built by digging trenches, filling them with limestone, constructing brick walls above stone, and then raising wooden beams on top of that.

A funnel caught rainwater and drained it into ditch surrounding the theatre and down into Thames.

The theatre was 30m in diameter and had 20 sides, giving it its perceived circular shape. 

Structure was similar to that of their old theatre, as well as that of the neighbouring bear garden.

The rectangular stage, at 5ft high, projected halfway into the yard and circular galleries.

Pillars were painted to look like Italian marble, sky painted midnight blue, and images of gods overlooked balcony. It could hold up to 3,000 people.

By May 1599, the new theatre was ready to be opened.

Burbage named it Globe after the figure of Hercules carrying the globe on his back — for in like manner, the actors carried Globe's framework on their backs across Thames.

A flag of Hercules with globe was raised above theatre with Latin motto: 'totus mundus agit histrionem' ('all the world's a playhouse'). 

Shakespeare's plays that were performed there early on included: 

Henry V, Julius Caesar, As You Like It, Hamlet, Measure for Measure, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, and Antony and Cleopatra.

Here, the Lord Chamberlain's Men enjoyed much success and gained the patronage of King James I in 1603, subsequently becoming The King's Men.

During a fateful performance of Henry VIII on 29 June 1613, a cannon announcing the unexpected arrival of the king at the end of Act 1 set fire to the thatched roof, and within an hour, the Globe burned to ground.

Everyone escaped safely, save for one man whose breeches reportedly caught fire. Two different songs had been written about it by the next day.

Globe was rebuilt by February 1614. The company could then afford to decorate it extravagantly, and it had a tiled roof instead of thatched.

However, by this point, Shakespeare's influence had lessened. He was spending more and more time back in Stratford-upon-Avon.

Disaster struck again in 1642 when the Parliament ordered the closure of London theatres.

In 1644-45, Globe was destroyed and the land sold for building.

In 1970, American actor and director, Samuel Wanamaker CBE (born Wattenmacker; 14 June 1919 – 18 December 1993), set up the Shakespeare's Globe Trust to pursue his dream of reconstructing the original Globe Theatre.

For what would be almost the next 30 years, he and his team worked and fought to obtain the permissions, funds, and research necessary for a project of this scope. 

Historians, scholars and architects all worked together in their efforts to build the Globe in the same way Lord Chamberlain's Men did, down to the green oak pillars and thatched roof.

Their work and dreams were fulfilled when the new Globe Theatre opened in 1997, one street away from where original stood.

Globe stands today as a living monument to Shakespeare, greatest English playwright, home to productions of his plays and many other new ones every season.

[scotianostra]

December 6th 1593 saw The Battle of Dryfe Sands.

The Maxwell and Johnstone clans had for a long time waged a bitter feud for the supremacy of the Scottish West March (Dumfriesshire area, south-west Scotland).

This feud culminated in this battle at Dryfe Sands close to Lockerbie.

On this day 1593, Lord Maxwell, with 2000 horsemen approached the Johnstone town of Lockerbie being constantly harassed by small detachments of Johnstones and their allies.

The Johnstones attacked the vanguard of the Maxwells and then retreated, provoking them to pursue them.

The Maxwells obliged. The main body of the Johnstones, which had been kept out of sight of the enemy, then suddenly charged and caught the enemy off guard. Their disordered vanguard was sent reeling into their main force and in the resulting confusion, the Johnstones pressed home their attack.

  The fleeing Maxwells were pursued through the streets of Lockerbie and beyond. At Dryfe Sands the slaughter was completed.

Lord Maxwell himself was unhorsed and held a hand up in surrender; it was cut off derisively by a Johnstone rider and Maxwell perished under a flurry of blows.

The Johnstones were outlawed after the battle but that was not the end of the feud, which lingered on until 1608 when Lord Maxwell’s  son John Maxwell, 9th Lord met James Johnstone to effect a reconciliation. Maxwell shot Johnstone twice in the back, finally ending the feud, for he himself was eventually arrested and was beheaded at Edinburgh on 21st May 1613.

The last pic shows where the main battle was fought.

[polizwrites]

PoliZ’s Stucky Bingo Round Four Masterpost  (R4011)

Despite the long runtime of this bingo, I wasn’t sure I was going to get a blackout - I did need an Adopted square and a last minute drabble to get there.    I filled 25 prompts with 24 fanfics (one multichapter work = 2 fills) for a total of 17,758 words written.  I completed seven of the nine Monthly challenges - woo!

I had a mix of platonic (eight) and romantic/sexual (fifteen) fils, plus two Stuckony fills. Ratings-wise,  I wrote fifteen Gen-rated fics,  five Teen-rated,  one Mature and four Explicit.

See below the cut for my completed card and fill list. 

B1 - Mutual Pining: Making All Things New - Chapter 3 [Steve/Bucky, Explicit,1837 words]

B2 - "Hold on. You can't even drive a car." : Stucky Bingo March 2023 Round Robin [Steve & Bucky, General,325 words]

B3 - Legacy: A Written Promise [Steve & Bucky, General,400 words]

B4 - AU: Artist/Muse: A Work of Heart [Steve & Bucky, General,652 words]

B5 - KINK: Double penetration: Fill Me Up With Your Love [Steve/Bucky/Tony, Explicit,1613 words]

I1 - 1930's: Casting Bread Upon the Waters [platonic --> romantic, General,456 words]

I2 - Marksmanship: A Moving Target [Steve & Bucky & Clint & Tony, General,100 words]

I3 - "Open wide": Stucky Bingo December 2022 Round Robin [Bucky & Steve, General,333 words]

I4 - AU: Changed into an Animal: Avian Avengers [Bucky & Steve, General,100 words]

I5 - Friends to Lovers: In Sickness and in Health [Platonic --> Romantic, Teen,1036 words]

N1 - AU: Fairytale: The Captain and the Soldier [Steve/Bucky, General,200 words]

N2: Okoye: A Refuge for Rogues [Steve & Bucky, General,701 words]

N3 - FREE: Making All Things New - Chapter 1 [Steve/Bucky, Explicit,2026 words]

N4 - Nerdiness: Stucky Bingo September 2022 Round Robin [Steve/Bucky, Teen,339 words]

N5 - Telepathy: Stucky Bingo October 2022 Round Robin [Steve/Bucky, Teen,330 words]

G1 - Adopting a pet: Stucky Bingo January 2023 Round Robin [Steve/Bucky, General,306 words]

G2 - Writing format: remix one of your fics: Half of the Flesh and Blood That Makes Me Whole [Bucky/Steve, Teen,1238 words] (ADOPTED)

G3 - Music: Stucky Bingo April 2023 Round Robin [Bucky/Steve, General,348 words]

G4 - KINK: Car sex: Well I Wanna Make Your Motor Run [Bucky/Steve, Mature,200 words]

G5 - SHIELD: Stucky Bingo May 2023 Round Robin [Steve/Bucky, General,341 words]

O1 - Identity Porn: Surrender (But Don't Give Yourself Away) [Steve/Bucky/Tony, Explicit,2192 words]

O2 - Stark Tower: The Words Engraved Upon Our Souls [Bucky/Steve, Bucky & Tony, General,986 words]

O3 - Domesticity: Rite of Spring [Steve & Bucky, General,369 words]

O4 - AU: Supernatural: Beyond the Beast [Steve/Bucky, Teen,984 words]

O5 - Innocence: Stucky Bingo November 2022 Round Robin [Bucky/Steve, General,346 words]

[silvestromedia]

SAINTS OF THE DAY FOR MAY 24

St. John del Prado, Roman Catholic Franciscan martyr of Morocco. He was born in Morgobresio, in Leon, Spain, and became a Franciscan of the Strict Observance. Volunteering in 1613 to go to Morocco, he was martyred there with two Franciscan companions on the orders of the ruler of Marrakesh. The ruler supposedly executed John personally. Feastday May 24

ST. VINCENT DI LÉRINS, PRIEST

Bl. Louis Moreau, Roman Catholic ordained a priest on December 19, 1846. He was named bishop of Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada on November 19, 1875. Founder of the Sisters of de Saint-Joseph of Saint-Hyacinthe and Sisters of Sainte-Martha. Feastday May 24

St. David, 1153 A.D. King of Scotland, the son of King Malcolm III and St. Margaret, born in 1084. He was sent to the English Norman court in 1093, and he married Matilda, the widow of the earl of Northhampton, becoming an English baron in 1113. David succeeded his brother, Alexander I, as the king of Scotland in 1124. Years of Struggle against King Stephen ended in 1139 when they made peace. David founded dio-ceses and monasteries in Scotland, instituted Norman law, started the office of chancellor, and conducted many charitable projects. He died in Carlisle, Scotland, May 24. He was never formally canonized.

St. Joanna, Joanna was the wife of Chuza, steward of King Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. She was one of the women who helped provide for Jesus and the Apostles and was one of the three women who discovered the empty tomb of Jesus on the first Easter morning. Jennifer and Jessica are derivatives of Joanna. Feastday May 24

"Day of Prayer for Church in China. May 24

[rotterdamvanalles]

De door het bombardement van 14 mei 1940 getroffen Wijnhaven en Scheepmakershaven, gezien vanaf het Witte Huis, juni-december 1940.

Dit stukje Rotterdam, ook wel Waterstad of Wijnhavenkwartier genoemd, kent een bijzondere geschiedenis. Het was het eerste havengebied van Rotterdam en werd volledig gebombardeerd in de oorlog. Later veranderde het in een kantoor- en bankenwijk tijdens de wederopbouw. Twee belangrijke herdenkingsmonumenten van de stad, De Boeg en De Verwoeste Stad werden in het kwartier geplaatst. Gewoond werd er nauwelijks. Dat is tegenwoordig wel anders. Bezoek de expositie 'Waterstad, wederopbouw en wonen' en ontdek het verhaal van het Maritiem District.

In 1611 en 1613 werden de erven aan de Wijnhaven verkocht, nadat in 1609 de Wijnstraat reeds voor het grootste gedeelte was aangelegd. De haven en de straat ontvingen direct na hun aanleg deze namen. Wat de reden van de naamgeving was, is niet met zekerheid te zeggen. Het is namelijk nergens uit gebleken dat de haven was aangewezen als ligplaats voor schepen, die Franse en Rijnse wijnen aanvoerden. De grote wijn- en bierhandel kan er natuurlijk wel toe geleid hebben om deze haven, alsmede de inmiddels gedempte Bierhaven, te doen graven.

De Scheepmakershaven ligt ten noorden van de Boompjes. In het begin van de 17de eeuw waren er scheepstimmerwerven gevestigd. In 1613 werd besloten deze scheepstimmerwerven van de zuidzijde van de Blaak over te brengen naar de Boompjes en naar de nieuw 'geraemde Scheepstimmershaven' en wel van de 'Schipstimmermansstrate oostwaarts tot aan het oudt Westersche Hooft'. De erven aan de Scheepmakershaven werden uitgegeven en in 1616 werden de kaden ten noorden van de haven aangelegd. De vroedschap besloot in 1703 de scheepstimmerwerven te verplaatsen naar een terrein bij de Zalmhaven.

De foto komt uit de fotocollectie van het Stadsarchief Rotterdam. De informatie komt eveneens uit het Stadsarchief Rotterdam en van https://www.rotterdam.nl/evenementen/waterstad/.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 2.14 (before 1930)

748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German languages. 1014 – Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry of Bavaria, King of Germany and of Italy, as Holy Roman Emperor. 1130 – The troubled 1130 papal election exposes a rift within the College of Cardinals. 1349 – Several hundred Jews are burned to death by mobs while the remaining Jews are forcibly removed from Strasbourg. 1530 – Spanish conquistadores, led by Nuño de Guzmán, overthrow and execute Tangaxuan II, the last independent monarch of the Tarascan state in present-day central Mexico. 1556 – Having been declared a heretic and laicized by Pope Paul IV on 4 December 1555, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is publicly defrocked at Christ Church Cathedral. 1556 – Coronation of Akbar as ruler of the Mughal Empire. 1613 – Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate at Whitehall Palace, London. 1655 – The Mapuches launch coordinated attacks against the Spanish in Chile beginning the Mapuche uprising of 1655. 1778 – The United States flag is formally recognized by a foreign naval vessel for the first time, when French Admiral Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte renders a nine gun salute to USS Ranger, commanded by John Paul Jones. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Kettle Creek is fought in Georgia. 1779 – James Cook is killed by Native Hawaiians near Kealakekua on the Island of Hawaii. 1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent: John Jervis, (later 1st Earl of St Vincent) and Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) lead the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar. 1804 – Karađorđe leads the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire. 1831 – Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills Dejazmach Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay. 1835 – The original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, in the Latter Day Saint movement, is formed in Kirtland, Ohio. 1849 – In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first serving President of the United States to have his photograph taken. 1852 – Great Ormond St Hospital for Sick Children, the first hospital in England to provide in-patient beds specifically for children, is founded in London. 1855 – Texas is linked by telegraph to the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas. 1859 – Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state. 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray. 1879 – The War of the Pacific breaks out when the Chilean Army occupies the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta. 1899 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections. 1900 – The British Army begins the Battle of the Tugela Heights in an effort to lift the Siege of Ladysmith. 1903 – The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into the Department of Commerce and the Department of Labor). 1912 – Arizona is admitted as the 48th and the last contiguous U.S. state. 1912 – The U.S. Navy commissions its first class of diesel-powered submarines. 1918 – Russia adopts the Gregorian calendar. 1919 – The Polish–Soviet War begins. 1920 – The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago. 1924 – The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company changes its name to International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). 1929 – Saint Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven people, six of them gangster rivals of Al Capone's gang, are murdered in Chicago.

[masterscrafts]

An Antique Diamond & Enamel Peacock Aigrette, Mellerio Dits Meller

Rose-cut diamonds, blue, green, yellow and golden brown enamel, 18k gold (French marks), 7 ins., 1905, signed Mellerio dit Meller, '9 Rue de la Paix, Paris' In December 1905, before heading to the royal wedding of King Alfonso XIII and Princess Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg in Madrid, the Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala went to Paris to prepare for the event. A great connoisseur of the French art de vivre and culture, the Maharaja was an important client of the jewelry houses of Place Vendôme and Rue de la Paix. Looking for spectacular jewels, worthy of a royal wedding, he entered the Mellerio boutique on December 7th, where he discovered the perfect jeweled ornament. A multi-century old French jewelry house dating back to 1613, Mellerio’s destiny had constantly been linked with royal families. European queens, starting with Queen Marie-Antoinette, bought jewelry from the firm, as well as many writers, composers, bankers, industrialists and all the great families of the French and foreign aristocracy, as well as the upper-middle class. Fashion icons ordered jewels that became emblematic of their time, avant-garde even. On his quest for an appropriate jewel, the Maharaja of Kapurthala found at Mellerio a magnificent enamel and diamond peacock aigrette. The peacock, that mythical animal venerated by numerous civilizations and especially by India, had been a favorite of Mellerio ever since Empress Eugenie had commissioned a peacock feather brooch in 1868. Emblematic of their artistic repertoire, the bird motif justified the combination of blue and green, which was unconventional in the jewelry of the day. The aigrette purchased by the Maharajah presented the perfect combination of Indian influence with a Western vision. The Maharaja probably wore the aigrette on his turban at the royal wedding at the end of May 1906, where, during the same visit, he incidentally met a young Spanish flamenco dancer, Anita Delgado. She would become his fifth wife less than two years later. The peacock aigrette, linked to their first encounter, was later seen worn by Anita Delgado, known as the Maharani Prem Kaur Sahiba after their marriage.

[meret118]

Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (Russian: Мария Владимировна Романова, romanized: Maria Vladimirovna Romanova; born 23 December 1953) has been a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov, the Imperial Family of Russia (who reigned as Emperors and Autocrats of all the Russias from 1613 to 1917) since 1992. Although she has used Grand Duchess of Russia as her title of pretence with the style Imperial Highness throughout her life, her right to do so is disputed.[1][2] She is a great-great-granddaughter in the male line of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and a titular Empress of Russia Maria I since 21st April 1992.

[ao3feed-leopika]

Its Mr. Le Oreo

It’s Mr. Le Oreo Link to fic: https://ift.tt/nxURd7L by idk_bored_09 Leorio’s Oreo obsession gets out of hand Words: 1613, Chapters: 1/1, Language: English Series: Part 3 of Crack fics Fandoms: Hunter X Hunter Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Warnings: Major Character Death Categories: M/M, Multi, Other Characters: Leorio Paladiknight, Kurapika (Hunter X Hunter), Oreo, Mr Le Oreo, Gon Freecs, Killua Zoldyck Relationships: Leorio Paladiknight/Oreos, Kurapika/Leorio Paladiknight Additional Tags: Crack, Angst, Heavy Angst, star crossed lovers, I Wrote This Instead of Sleeping, I Can't Believe I Wrote This, It’s after 1am right now lol, How am i only the second person to write a leorio/oreo fic, Crack Treated (Semi)Seriously, wtf is this, This Is STUPID, I hate myself lmaoooo, Kurapika is mommy, aaaaaaaaaa, wtf is wrong with me, Forbidden Love via AO3 works tagged 'Kurapika/Leorio Paladiknight' https://ift.tt/nTOPRz2 December 16, 2023 at 04:31AM

[dawnmarsalexandrailieva]

A Short History of Jamestown

On December 6, 1606, the journey to Virginia began on three ships: the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery. In 1607, 104 English men and boys arrived in North America to start a settlement. On May 13 they picked Jamestown, Virginia for their settlement, which was named after their King, James I. The settlement became the first permanent English settlement in North America.

By June 15, the fort was completed. It was triangle shaped with a bulwark at each corner, holding four or five pieces of artillery. The settlers were now protected against any attacks that might occur from the local Powhatan Indians, whose hunting land they were living on. Relations had already been mixed between the newcomers and the Powhatan Indians. On June 22, Captain Newport left for England to get more supplies for the new settlement. In May 1610, shipwrecked settlers who had been stranded in Bermuda finally arrived at Jamestown. Part of a fleet sent the previous fall, the survivors used two boats built on Bermuda to get to Jamestown. Sir Thomas Gates, the newly named governor, found Jamestown in shambles with the palisades of the fort torn down, gates off their hinges, and food stores running low. The decision was made to abandon the settlement. Less than a day after leaving, however, Gates and those with him, including the survivors of the "Starving Time," were met by news of an incoming fleet. The fleet was bringing the new governor for life, Lord Delaware. Gates and his party returned to Jamestown.

Peace between the Powhatan Indians and the English, brought about by the conversion and marriage of Pocahontas (kidnapped by the English in 1613) and John Rolfe in 1614, ended in 1622. In March of that year the paramount chief, then Opechancanough, planned a coordinated attack against the English settlements. He was tired of the English encroachment on Powhatan lands. Jamestown escaped being attacked, due to a warning from a Powhatan boy living with the English. During the attack 350-400 of the 1,200 settlers were killed. After the attack, the Powhatan Indians withdrew, as was their way, and waited for the English to learn their lesson or pack up and leave. Once the English regrouped they retaliated and there was fighting between the two peoples for ten years, until a tenuous peace was reached in 1632.

Bacon's Rebellion, in 1676, saw more struggles in Jamestown. The settlers were unhappy about their tobacco being sold only to English merchants due to the Navigation Acts, high taxes, and attacks on outlying plantations by American Indians on the frontiers. Nathaniel Bacon got about 1,000 settlers to join him and take care of the "Indian Problem." Bacon forced Governor Berkeley to give him an official commission to attack the American Indians to blame. Bacon and his followers, however, did not differentiate between those tribes responsible for the attacks and those who were loyal to the English. Governor Berkeley declared Bacon a rebel and civil war erupted in the colony. In September, Bacon and his followers set fire to Jamestown, destroying 16 to 18 houses, the church and the statehouse. Not long after, in October, the Rebellion began its end with the death of Nathaniel Bacon of the "bloody flux." Eventually, many of the rebels were captured and 23 were hanged by Governor Berkeley. As a result of Bacon's Rebellion, another treaty was signed between the English and the Virginia Indians. More tribes were part of this treaty than the one of 1646. The treaty set up more reservation lands and reinforced a yearly tribute payment of fish and game that the tribes had to make to the English.

In 1698, fire struck Jamestown again. The fire was evidently started by a prisoner awaiting execution in the nearby prison. The fire destroyed the prison and the statehouse, though many of the public records were saved. In 1699, the government and capital were moved from Jamestown to Middle Plantation, renamed Williamsburg. People continued to live on Jamestown Island and owned farm lands, but it ceased to be a town. Today, Jamestown Island is a historic site, though there is still a private residence on the island. It is preserved by the National Park Service and Preservation Virginia for visitors to learn about the importance of Jamestown and what was born out of its being the first permanent English settlement in North America.

[garadinervi]

Galileo Galilei (February 15, 1564 – January 8, 1642)

(image: Letter from "G G" (Galileo Galilei, 1564-1642), (the first and last page), dated at Florence, to Padre Benedetto Castelli (1578-1643), Professor of Mathematics at the University of Pisa, EL/G1/1, 21 December 1613 signature, from the Royal Society archive. «Nature», September 21, 2018)

[thepastisalreadywritten]

SAINT OF THE DAY (March 9)

March 10 is the liturgical memorial of Saint John Ogilvie, a 16th and 17th-century Scotsman who converted from Protestantism to Catholicism, served as a Jesuit priest and died as a martyr at the hands of state officials.

St. John was executed for treason, refusing to accept King James I’s claim of supremacy over the Church.

He was beatified on 22 December 1929 and was canonized by Pope Paul VI on 17 October 1976.

A Catholic priest, he is the only post-Reformation Scottish saint.

In February 2010, during a visit to Rome by the Scottish bishops’ conference, Benedict XVI asked the bishops to promote devotion to St. John Ogilvie among priests – since the Jesuit martyr had been “truly outstanding in his dedication to a difficult and dangerous pastoral ministry, to the point of laying down his life.”

Later that year, during the Scottish segment of his U.K. visit, the Pope again encouraged priests to look to the saint’s “dedicated, selfless and brave example."

John Ogilvie was born in 1579, a member of a noble family.

Some of his relatives had kept the Catholic faith, while others adhered to John Calvin’s interpretation of Protestantism as Presbyterians.

Though raised as a Calvinist, John had doubts about the compatibility of this system with Scripture.

In particular, he could not reconcile Calvin’s theology of predestination with Biblical passages teaching that God loves all people and wills each of them to be saved.

This difficulty, coupled with the contrast between Catholic unity and the multiple Protestant sects and denominations, influenced John’s decision to enter the Catholic Church.

He made the decision at age 17 while studying in Belgium. In 1599, he became a novice in the Society of Jesus. After extensive study and training, he was ordained a Jesuit priest in Paris during 1610.

John greatly desired to go back to his native country and encourage its return to the Catholic Church.

He served for a time as a priest in France, while requesting to be sent back to Scotland.

Others within his order made it clear to him that such a mission would be dangerous and unlikely to produce much fruit. In 1613, however, John obtained the assignment he desired.

He soon discovered the truth of the warnings he had received from other Jesuits about the difficulty of Catholic evangelization in Scotland.

Many members of the upper classes were not interested in returning to the Church, though he did carry out pastoral work among a largely poor population of Scots who had kept the faith.

After a period in England, he returned to France, seeking directions on how to proceed in light of his lack of success.

The French Jesuits ordered John back to Scotland, however, where he resumed his ministry to the underground Church as well as the smaller number of people interested in converting.

His arrest came about when one potential “convert” turned out to be an informer, who had John arrested and interrogated.

The first criminal accusation he faced was celebrating Mass within the King’s realm.

Unwilling to incriminate himself, he suffered two months of imprisonment. An iron bar was attached to his feet to prevent him from moving in his cell.

Despite this ordeal, he strongly resisted pressure to give evidence against other Scottish Catholics.

Severe torture was then inflicted on John. His hair and fingernails were pulled out. For a period of nine days, he was prevented from sleeping by continual stabbing with sharp stakes.

His jailers beat him, flung him to the floor of his cell, and shouted in his ears.

Nothing, however, could make him renounce his faith or betray his Catholic countrymen to the authorities.

John’s tormentors were impressed by his fortitude and by the surprising sense of humor that he showed in the face of the brutal punishments.

But they could not spare his life, unless the Jesuit priest gave an acceptable response to a series of questions provided by King James I.

John declared his loyalty to the king but steadfastly rejected James’ claim to supremacy over the Church in religious matters.

The priest was eventually convicted on a charge of high treason.

Attempts to ply John with bribery – in exchange for his return to Protestantism, and his betrayal of fellow Catholics – continued even as he was being led to his execution.

His own defiant words were recorded:

For the Catholic faith, he said, he would willingly and joyfully pour forth even a hundred lives.

"Snatch away that one, which I have from me and make no delay about it, but my religion you will never snatch away from me!"

Asked whether he was afraid to die, the priest replied: “I fear death as much as you do your dinner.”

Ogilvie's last words were:

"If there be here any hidden Catholics, let them pray for me but the prayers of heretics I will not have."

He was executed by hanging on 10 March 1615.

As a last gesture before his hanging, John had tossed his Rosary beads into the crowd where they were caught by a Calvinist nobleman.

The man, Baron John ab Eckersdorff, later became a Catholic, tracing his conversion to the incident and the martyr’s beads.

[scotianostra]

December 13th 1585 saw the birth of William Drummond of Hawthornden, the noted Scottish poet.

William Drummond was born at Hawthornden Castle near Edinburgh in 1585, the son of the first Laird of Hawthornden, who was one of King James I’s ushers. He was educated at the Royal High School of Edinburgh and gained an MA at Edinburgh University in 1605. He then spent two years in France studying law.

He succeeded to the title on the death of his father in 1610 and abandoned his law studies in favour of becoming a poet. In 1613 his first poem, Tears on the Death of Meliades, an elegy on the death of Henry, Prince of Wales, was published. This was followed in 1616 by Poems: Amorous, Funerall, Divine, Pastorall, in Sonnets, Songs, Sextains, Madrigals, a lament following the death the previous year of his wife to be. In 1617 he wrote Forth Feasting, a poem celebrating James I’s first visit to Scotland that year, and in 1618 he was visited by the poet Ben Johnson.

In the mid 1620’s he experimented with a number of military inventions, including a primitive machine gun, none of which appear to have been successful. After travels to the continent he settled permanently at Hawthornden and married Elizabeth Logan who bore him nine children, only one of whom outlived him. He started work on a history of Scotland and produced a number of Royalist political pamphlets before his death in 1649.

He was one of the first Scottish poets to write in English and is one of 16 poets and writers whose names appear on the Scott Monument in Edinburgh which include Lord Byron, Robert Burns, and Tobias Smollett. His most important works are The Cypresse Grove, an essay on the folly and the fear of death, and his poems, many of which are adaptations from French, Italian, and Spanish. He was a great collector of scholarly books in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, Italian, and English, most of which he bought in France. In 1826 he generously donated a large number of these to Edinburgh University.

Her Passing

       The beauty and the life        Of life's and beauty's fairest paragon —O tears! O grief!—hung at a feeble thread To which pale Atropos had set her knife;        The soul with many a groan        Had left each outward part, And now did take his last leave of the heart: Naught else did want, save death, ev'n to be dead; When the afflicted band about her bed, Seeing so fair him come in lips, cheeks, eyes, Cried, 'Ah! and can Death enter Paradise?'

[dawnmarsemilycywinski]

Look at and discuss the first settlers to America on December 6, 1606. The journey to Virginia began on three ships: the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery add screenshots, information and comments on the new settlers and affects on environment and the indigineous tribes/people.

On 6th December, 104 English men and boys travelled out to Virginia in on three ships. Those ships were called the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery. The year turned 1607 and all of the ships and men arrived in North America and started to set up their settlements. On 13th May, they named the town, Jamestown, after the English King James I and became the first permanent English society in North America.

June 15, they started to set up a triangle-shaped fort with a bulwark at each corner, holding four or five pieces of artillery. This kept them safe from any Indians that were trying to hunt them down.

On June 22, Captain Newport left for England to get more supplies.

While Captin Newport was gone a variety of diseases started apering. They were drinking water from the salty or slimy river, which was one of several things that caused the death of many. The people were dying from swellings, fluxes, fevers, famine, and sometimes wars.

late 1609, Powhatan Indians and the English had a bad relationship due to the English demanding too much food during a drought. 1609-10 when winter hit, it was known as the "Starving Time." During that winter the English were afraid to leave the fort, because of their fear of being killed by the Powhatan Indians. Due to this situation, the English tried to eat anything edible, like small animals, leather shoes and belts.

By early 1610, William Strachey announced that 80-90% of the settlers, had died due to starvation and disease.

In May 1610, shipwrecked settlers who had been stranded in Bermuda finally arrived at Jamestown.

In 1612, John Rolfe, one of many shipwrecked on Bermuda, helped turn the settlement into a profitable venture.

In 1619, the first documented Africans were captured and brought to Virginia to work the tobacco fields.

In 1619, the Virginia Company recruited and shipped over about 90 women to become wives and start families in Virginia.

Peace between the Powhatan Indians and the English, brought about by the conversion and marriage of Pocahontas (kidnapped by the English in 1613) and John Rolfe in 1614, ended in 1622.

https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/a-short-history-of-jamestown.htm

Looking at what roughly happened back then, there was a lot of suffering and deaths, I could imaging the land being quite messed up and there were bodies that they weren't able to clear at the time. I feel bad for the Indians also, I have no idea why we treated them differently and it surprises me that Pocahontas, one of my favourite Disney movies, portrays John Rolph and Pocahontas as a loving couple when it was actually against her will so the English and the Indians had a treaty.

Looking back at our history, I find people quite disappointed sometimes when they couldn't figure out how to stop simple diseases. I'm lucky I live in a time where I know how to get clean water and that I get it also through the taps in our home. However, it is made that they could find out how to feed themselves, and most people would have trouble being in that situation.