#Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Assignment Help

[retechie]

Refurbished Laptops: The Ideal Solution for Students

In today’s digital age, having a reliable laptop is essential for every student, from completing assignments and attending online classes to conducting research and staying organized. However, the cost of new laptops can be daunting, especially for students on a tight budget. That’s where refurbished laptops come in as the perfect alternative, offering high performance, reliability, and affordability. For students in India, platforms like Retechie provide a wide range of renewed laptops, making technology more accessible without compromising on quality. Here’s why refurbished laptops are the ideal solution for students.

1. Affordability without Compromising on Quality

One of the primary reasons students should consider a refurbished laptop is its affordability. New laptops can be expensive, especially when looking at premium models like the MacBook Air or high-end Windows laptops. By choosing a renewed laptop, students can save a significant amount of money while still gaining access to powerful and reliable devices.

Platforms offering refurbished laptops in India, like Retechie, ensure that these devices undergo thorough testing and repairs, guaranteeing that they function as good as new. Whether you need a laptop for basic tasks like word processing or more demanding uses like graphic design or coding, there are plenty of refurbished laptops available that meet different academic needs.

2. Wide Range of Options from Top Brands

When opting for a refurbished laptop, students have access to a broad selection of models from top brands like Apple, Dell, Lenovo, and HP. From the sleek design of a Refurbished MacBook Air to powerful Windows laptops, refurbished laptops cater to various preferences and performance requirements.

For students who prefer Apple's ecosystem, Refurbished MacBook Airs and Refurbished MacBook Pros are available at a fraction of the cost of new models. These devices are perfect for students who need robust performance for multimedia tasks, video editing, or heavy multitasking, all while enjoying the Apple experience without breaking the bank.

3. Environmentally Friendly Choice

In addition to being a budget-friendly option, purchasing a refurbished laptop is also an environmentally responsible choice. By choosing renewed laptops over new ones, students help reduce the demand for new electronics, thereby decreasing the need for raw materials like metals and plastics used in manufacturing. This contributes to minimizing the environmental impact associated with producing new devices.

Furthermore, buying a second-hand laptop helps reduce e-waste, which is a growing concern globally. Instead of letting perfectly functional devices end up in landfills, refurbished laptops extend the life of existing technology, aligning with the principles of sustainability and resource conservation. For eco-conscious students, this is an excellent way to make a positive impact.

4. Great for Academic Tasks and Beyond

A refurbished laptop is more than capable of handling the various academic tasks students face daily. Whether it’s attending virtual classes, writing papers, researching online, or participating in group projects, refurbished laptops offer all the functionality students need to excel in their studies. Many models come with sufficient processing power, memory, and storage to support popular software like Microsoft Office, Google Docs, and specialized programs for specific fields of study.

Additionally, refurbished laptops are ideal for extracurricular activities such as creating presentations, editing videos, or even streaming content for relaxation. Devices like a Refurbished MacBook Air or a high-end Windows laptop provide the multitasking capability students need to balance their academic and personal lives.

5. Availability in India’s Growing Market

The market for refurbished laptops in India has grown dramatically in recent years, providing students with a variety of economical options. Platforms like Retechie specialize in providing high-quality, renewed laptops that have been carefully inspected and tested for performance. This makes it easier than ever for students in India to find a reliable laptop that meets their academic needs without spending a fortune.

Whether you’re looking for a lightweight Refurbished MacBook Air for portability or a more powerful Windows laptop for tasks that require extra processing power, refurbished laptops offer the versatility students need. The growing demand for used laptops in India also means there are plenty of options available, with varying specifications and price points to suit different budgets.

6. Warranty and Support

One of the main worries that students have when purchasing a used laptop is reliability. However, many respectable dealers, such as Retechie, offer warranties on refurbished laptops, giving customers piece of mind. These warranties cover potential issues that may arise, and many platforms also offer customer support to address any technical problems or questions.

This means students can confidently invest in a second-hand laptop knowing that they’re protected by warranties and support services, just as they would be when purchasing a new laptop.

7. Ideal for Remote Learning and Online Classes

With the rise of online learning, it’s more important than ever for students to have access to a reliable device for attending virtual classes and completing assignments. Refurbished laptops are a good choice for students seeking an economical yet durable equipment for remote learning. Most refurbished laptops are fully capable of supporting video conferencing software like Zoom, Google Meet, or Microsoft Teams, ensuring that students can attend classes and collaborate with peers without any disruptions.

Additionally, features such as good battery life, portability, and connectivity make refurbished laptops the perfect companion for students who are balancing a mix of in-person and online learning.

Conclusion For students, purchasing a reconditioned laptop is a wise, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly choice. With a wide range of options, from Refurbished MacBook Airs to high-performance Windows laptops, there’s a renewed laptop for every student’s need. The market for refurbished laptops in India continues to grow, with platforms like Retechie offering reliable, high-quality options at affordable prices. Whether you’re looking for an old laptop to handle basic academic tasks or a more powerful device for specialized work, second-hand laptops provide a practical and sustainable solution for students everywhere.

[methliwilli]

Benefits of Rental Furniture for Short-Term

In today's fast-paced world, flexibility and convenience are paramount, especially when it comes to furnishing temporary living spaces. Whether you are a business professional on a short-term assignment, a student, or someone in transition, renting furniture offers numerous benefits that can make your stay more comfortable and hassle-free. In this article, we explore the extensive advantages of opting for rental furniture for short-term needs.

Cost-Effectiveness

One of the primary benefits of renting furniture is the cost-effectiveness it offers. Purchasing new furniture for a short-term stay can be an expensive and impractical option. Renting allows you to enjoy high-quality furniture at a fraction of the cost. Additionally, rental agreements often include delivery, setup, and pickup services, further reducing the overall expenses and effort involved.

No Large Upfront Investment

Unlike buying furniture, which requires a significant upfront investment, renting allows you to spread out the cost over time. This is particularly beneficial for individuals or companies with limited budgets or those who prefer to allocate their funds elsewhere.

Avoid Depreciation

Furniture depreciates in value over time. When you rent, you don't have to worry about the resale value or the depreciation of your investment. This makes renting an economically savvy choice for those who need furniture temporarily.

Flexibility and Convenience

Renting furniture offers unparalleled flexibility and convenience. Whether you need furniture for a few weeks, months, or even longer, rental companies provide options that cater to various timeframes and requirements.

Customizable Rental Periods

Furniture rental services allow you to choose the rental period that suits your needs. This flexibility ensures that you only pay for the time you actually need the furniture, making it a cost-effective and practical solution for short-term stays.

Easy Setup and Removal

One of the biggest hassles of moving is the logistics of transporting and assembling furniture. Rental companies typically offer delivery, setup, and removal services, ensuring a seamless experience from start to finish. This convenience saves you time and effort, allowing you to focus on other important aspects of your move.

Variety and Quality

Furniture rental companies offer a wide variety of styles and quality options to suit different tastes and preferences. Whether you prefer modern, contemporary, or classic designs, you can find rental furniture that matches your aesthetic and functional needs.

Access to High-Quality Furniture

Renting allows you to enjoy high-quality furniture that you might not be able to afford if you were to purchase it outright. Rental companies maintain their inventory in excellent condition, ensuring that you receive clean, well-maintained furniture for your temporary space.

Wide Range of Options

From living room sets and bedroom furniture to office desks and dining tables, rental companies offer a comprehensive selection of furniture pieces. This variety allows you to furnish your space completely and cohesively, creating a comfortable and stylish environment.

Eco-Friendly Choice

Opting for rental furniture is an environmentally conscious decision. By reusing and recycling furniture, rental companies help reduce waste and the demand for new furniture production, which in turn lowers the environmental impact.

Sustainable Practices

Many furniture rental companies adopt sustainable practices, such as refurbishing and maintaining their furniture inventory, to extend the lifecycle of each piece. This approach not only minimizes waste but also promotes a more sustainable and eco-friendly lifestyle.

Reduction of Carbon Footprint

Renting furniture reduces the carbon footprint associated with manufacturing, transporting, and disposing of new furniture. By choosing to rent, you contribute to a greener planet by minimizing the environmental impact of your temporary living arrangements.

Ideal for Various Situations

Furniture rental is ideal for a variety of short-term rental furniture situations, providing solutions that cater to diverse needs and circumstances.

Corporate Relocations

For business professionals on short-term assignments or relocations, renting furniture offers a practical solution that ensures a comfortable living environment without the hassle of purchasing and moving furniture.

Students and Temporary Housing

Students and individuals in temporary housing, such as those in internships or training programs, can benefit greatly from renting furniture. It provides a cost-effective way to furnish their space without the long-term commitment of purchasing furniture.

Home Staging

Real estate professionals often use rental furniture for home staging. This practice enhances the appeal of a property on the market, making it more attractive to potential buyers without the need for permanent furniture.

Conclusion

In conclusion, renting furniture for short-term needs offers a multitude of benefits, including cost-effectiveness, flexibility, convenience, variety, quality, and eco-friendliness. Whether you are a business professional, student, or someone in transition, rental furniture provides a practical and efficient solution to your temporary furnishing needs.

[iso-in-singapore24]

How does ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia Impelemention help Reduce Energy Consumption?

ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia

ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia is the area’s leading environmental famous and, for the several corporations that are probably licensed, its impact on EMS (environmental control system) everyday performance is significant. There are a few fundamental blessings that ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia can carry, including crucial financial savings on software program bills, including powincluder or natural fuel. Some readers can also not forget that, even some two decades beyond, the choice to power internal employer energy efficiencies and preserve money modified into the primary reason for many groups to grow to be licensed to the same old. So how can nowadays’s ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia agencies ensure they understand the financial and economic blessings of decreased power payments?

The Effect of your Supply Chain on the Environment

ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia states that an organization needs to “supply hobby to the environmental everyday performance and practices of businesses,” so while it is easy for a business enterprise must manipulate a company’s regular universal performance, it is not particular in terms of what desires and desires want to be set. It is apparent that if your agency is environmentally conscious and ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia compliant, you must make your delivery chain as environmentally inexperienced as feasible.

The ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia is highly cutting-edge – how does it assist?

We must see how using the supply chain to comply can reduce your agency’s environmental impact. This was executed by ensuring those manufacturing your gadgets or offerings shared your good practices.

Section 6 of the ISO 14001Certification in Malaysia modern-day gives “planning,” and plenty of groups nominate energy consumption as an environmental issue to be controlled and decreased or even a part of an environmental cause, relying on the size and context of the proper agency. Identifying this concern as an environmental problem may be more realistic for optimum medium to giant businesses with more precise environmental problems to measure as an outright goal. No matter how your agency addresses it, natural gasoline, power, and water can be highly-priced to a corporation and glaringly a drain on the Earth’s belongings

Reduce your intake via the usage of splitting utilities.

Most businesses eat electricity in the form of herbal gas, strength, and water. In many instances, specifically in large groups with massive utilization, it can revel in interrupting the utilities to ensure they may be dealt with as efficiently as possible.

Let’s recollect how this can be finished.

Electricity intake

This is every day for most cutting-edge companies and a full-size cost. Working on a current ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia assignment with a small commercial enterprise, we found that over 40% of the organization’s power payments were accumulated out of the doors of commercial enterprise hours. This can offer an enterprise employer the motivation and impetus to decrease those prices. The method to mitigate the prices may be an aggregate of not unusual sense and technological factors. Here are a few hints:

Use signs and symptoms and signs.

Signs pointing out, “Please switch the moderate off even as the room is not in use,” are conventional but powerful. Communication to the group pronouncing the purpose of such an initiative and the way all people’s conduct can make contributions usually conveys instantaneous upgrades.

Designate a “champion.”

In some instances, designating a responsible man or woman, or “champion,” can give your employees an aspect of touch if they want more excellent information or have questions about how to help preserve power.

Use ‘’Smart generation’’ 

Technological solutions can also assist with saving energy. Ensure room sensors are correct and used, preserve in thoughts faraway temperature manage packages, recollect LED and sensor lights for your place of job, or even take into account the possibility of PoE (Power over Ethernet) lighting fixtures systems, in which low intake electricity can be transmitted over ethernet cables to provide a bright and sensor-led lights answer on your workplace. “Smart generation” appears to play a superb component in reducing power intake for businesses in the coming years.

Natural gasoline consumption

Whether herbal gasoline or heating fuel, most workplaces want a few types of heating. There are several easy questions you may ask to make sure your gadget is inexperienced and charges are saved to a minimum:

Is your device frequently serviced?

Are temperature controls and sensors walking and used?

Is the heating machine set to ensure no out-of-hours use, except in pretty low temperatures that may deliver the chance of a frozen gadget?

Is heating applied in assembly rooms and corridors that aren’t used?

Studying this in your corporation with periodic evaluations and movements can help you recognize this effect/rate and decrease it accordingly. Once more, speaking this aim for your personnel will convey an instant advantage in raising their consciousness and converting behavior, often in terms of inviting remarkable remarks and suggestions.

Water intake

Water is one of the earth’s maximum critical additives for nurturing life and boom worldwide, and preserving this helpful resource is paramount. Every organization and family can play a thing in this, or even the most straightforward measures can be effective. For many employees, being attentive to the significance of an initiative from the organizational leaders gives it extra significance, and consequences commonly have a tendency to be studied. Again, a mixture of strategies can assist lessen your corporation’s water consumption.

Ensure your tool is serviced and has no leaks

Ensure signs and symptoms and signs and symptoms are present to speak the importance of now not dropping water

Consider controlled faucets to restrict the quantity of water released

Review and talk about your water utilization regularly to the organization to stimulate suggestions and maintain focus.

Like many factors associated with the ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia preferred, using the “Plan, Do, Check, Act” cycle can deliver beautiful outcomes while reducing the price of all utilities.

Why Factocert for ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia?

We provide the best ISO consultants Who are knowledgeable and provide the best solution. And to know how to get ISO certification. Kindly reach us at contact@factocert.com. work according to ISO standards and help organizations implement ISO certification in Malaysia with proper documentation.

For more information, visit ISO 14001 Certification in Malaysia.

RELATED LINKS

ISO certification in Malaysia

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[mechanicalexpts-blog]

Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing  Homework Help

http://mechanicalassignmentexperts.com/EnvironmentallyConsciousDesignandManufacturing.php

MechanicalAssignmentExperts assures for the best   quality Compliance of your Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Assignment help. We take deep consideration for all those who seek Environmentally  Conscious Design and Manufacturing problem   solution and offer them best kind of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing project help. To help our Endeavour to deliver the   quality service we have come up with the online chat support to keep the  Students in constant touch of the experts. Get in touch with us in order to avail online Environmentally  Conscious Design and Manufacturing help at www.mechanicalassignmentexperts.com.

[brilliantsblinds]

Moderating Illumination by Means of Home Window Blinds is Affordable and also quite hassle-free

Efficiently designed and also manufactured upright blinds are certainly the vital home window treatment for modulating the amount and also toughness of inbound light. As a result of the 180-degree revolving ability of each home window blinds slat, the training course of incoming light can be easily altered as well as controlled by hassle-free modification to the angle of slat placement. With the easy activity of the nylon control cable, upright blinds can be relocated a simple fraction of an inch-just sufficient to create a refined change in the indoor illumination effects. This can be particularly helpful at what ever before time of the day windows covered with vertical blind therapies get one of the most direct sunshine exposure. Relying on the assignment of your windows, they might have direct exposure to the great rays of direct sunshine at mid-morning, mid-afternoon, sunrise or sundown. At these times, depending upon the level and toughness of incoming light, you might wish to shut your upright blinds wholly, or at least revolve them to near-closure to moderate the illumination. One rather stunning effect that you can acquire with daybreak or sundown is the soft, suppressed radiance of very first dawn or dusk lighting by partly quiting the bright streams of stunning light shrieking through both home window glass and also upright blinds. In this incident, the window blinds function as a filter to change obvious illumination to gold radiance. Because each level of blind activity produces a mild modification in lights impacts, there exist lots of possible for general environmental lighting options for your space or quarters. If your areas have various home windows with vertical blind installation, also much more varied lighting outcomes can be acquired. www.brilliantblinds.ca

The much better the thickness of the home window blinds, the more light can be filtered, and one of the superlative sorts of upright blinds for piquant filtering capability is material home window blinds, mainly if they are dark in shade and distinctive. Another group of upright blinds that is exceptional for limiting incoming light is the new synthetic wood blinds. Their dense, grained as well as exceedingly polished outside high quality often tend to reflect the area's interior light while keeping the exterior sunrays at bay. Still an additional lights reflector in the class of upright blinds is the mirrored blinds which mirror a photo of the room's interior including its manufactured lighting results, and also combat any type of extreme outdoors light from entering. In the early evening or morning, or on cloudy, rugged or stormy days, vertical blinds permit full home window exposure to the softened light of the outside atmosphere. In view of the fact that these versatile window therapies are made with window blinds slats moving to whichever side, or both sides uniformly, they can be opened to convey total window sight exposure. Although a lot of low surge and also skyscraper locals making use of vertical blinds as home window therapies understand to their residences' vulnerability to effortless presence from the outside through its home windows, they can still open up vertical blinds to half-mast or simply a little to stop a closed-in ambience while stopping outdoors to inside watching. The much better the density of the window blinds, the even more light can be filtered, as well as one of the superlative types of upright blinds for piquant filtering ability is fabric home window blinds, mainly if they are dark in shade as well as distinctive. Still another illumination reflector in the course of vertical blinds is the mirrored blinds which mirror an image of the area's interior including its man-made lights impacts, and likewise obstruct any intense outside light from going into. Most reduced increase and also skyscraper homeowners utilizing vertical blinds as home window therapies are conscious to their residences' susceptability to effortless presence from the outside by methods of its home windows, they can still open upright blinds to half-mast or just a little to protect against a closed-in atmosphere while avoiding outdoors to inside viewing.

[industrialrobots12]

Newbie's Information To Industrial Robots

These robots are used for handling of machine tools, spot welding, die casting, fettling machines, and fuel and arc welding. A cylindrical robot has at least one rotary joint on the base and at least one prismatic joint to connect the links. Along the joint axis, the rotary joint makes use of a rotational movement; alongside the prismatic joint, it moves in a linear movement https://columbiaokura.com/products/industrial-robots/.

They are used primarily within the food, pharmaceutical, and electronic industries. The robot itself is capable of precise motion, making it best for pick-and-place operations. The major concept past consists in using the mechanics of chosen "old" industrial robots and a very reengineering of the controller exhausting and software based on the latest requests from manufacturing automation. As the manufacturing and robotics industries proceed to develop side-by-side, a slew of new job alternatives are being created. Not solely are these kind of jobs extra fascinating, however in addition they take human workers out of probably harmful situations. Industrial robots can accomplish highly repetitive tasks with out the danger of accidents like carpal tunnel syndrome, or be employed for harmful tasks where staff can be uncovered to harmful fumes or environments.

The explanation why firms contemplate investing in a robot system differ widely. All the examples given up to now have centered on one category of producing robotics, which can be classified underneath the umbrella time period manipulation. Manipulation includes using robotic arms, the bases of which are stationary, but which have freedom to maneuver into any position and orientation within reach of the bottom, giving them precision and flexibility. Processes that require hard-to-find expert labor are frequent targets for startups constructing autonomous robotics choices as they give the impression of being to deal with probably the most acute ache points of producers. Painting, sanding, and welding fall into this class, and startups pursuing automation of those processes embody Graymatter Robotics, Omnirobotic, Path Robotics, and Scalable Robotics.

Others in addition, machine operators often use user interface units, usually touchscreen items, which function the operator control panel. The operator can switch from program to program, make adjustments inside a program and also function a host of peripheral gadgets that may be integrated inside the similar robotic system. Much of the bottleneck to reaching automation in manufacturing relates to limitations in the current programming model of commercial robotics.

If profitable, these endeavors will dramatically broaden industrial automation’s accessibility and applicability. The demand for industrial robots has accelerated significantly in current years because of continued technological developments in automation methods and synthetic intelligence. Since 2010, industrial robots have elevated by 9 per cent 12 months and on the finish of 2015 some 1.6 million robots had been deployed by industries worldwide. At their core, robots still do the mundane, monotonous and time-consuming tasks workers don't get pleasure from while providing invaluable data to enhance operations. Without sensors and different recent advancements, none of this is in a position to be potential. AI will reshape the capabilities of robotic tecnhology, but that is still at least a decade sooner or later.

Robotics start-ups are releasing solutions designed to help manufacturers address labor challenges, confront world competition and provide lasting business worth. Examples include merchandise and technologies that enhance the ease and speed of robotics software development, in addition to help sensor-driven autonomy and mobility. In the previous, robots had been asked to do very specific tasks, usually in a fixed location. But at present, the collaborative utility of industrial robots is evolving dramatically, because of environmentally conscious sensors that influence their kind issue and functionality.

The joints assist stabilize the platform over troublesome terrain, ensuring that it is in a position to climb steps with out flipping over. It can be used in uneven terrain, in addition to to transport equipment in a warehouse or workplace constructing. The robot is customizable, that means users can add sensors, robotic arms, or completely different payloads to complete a task. Try our free online training, our on-line software builder, or book your individual on-site collaborative robot demo right now. Find out how Cost-effective, protected, and flexible collaborative robots - or cobots - are making automation easier than ever for companies of each dimension. Products Overview Our household of collaborative robots presents 4 totally different payload options - 3, 5, 12.5 and sixteen kg.

Mature markets just like the US, Japan, and Europe face a manufacturing labor shortage. The scarcity is a structural one, meaning it is not resolved by cyclical occasions like the present financial downturn. As a consequence of these occasions, provide chain resiliency has turn into a entrance burner problem among manufacturing CEOs within the US and elsewhere.

While these could traditionally have been the most typical purposes and kinds of industrial robots, at present's robots are less about their mechanical construction. Earlier generations of robots had to be separated into their very own world, whereas right now they can be integrated into the workforce. Sealer robots are built with numerous robotic arm configurations that allow the robotic to apply adhesives to any type of product. The major profit on this software is elevated high quality, velocity and consistency of the final product.

In industrial robots settings, these advances are letting firms switch some of the most troublesome, harmful, and time-consuming duties from employees to robots. As this trend accelerates, each investors and robotic-component manufacturers are in sturdy positions to entry profit pools. Of course, main technologic advances may disrupt the robotic-component trade, as they've carried out in different sectors, and shift demand in surprising instructions.

Read our case studies and study our companies by visiting our Automotive Robotics and Integration part. Pouring molten metallic, transferring metallic stamps, and loading and unloading CNC machines are all best completed by a robot as they are harmful. When completed constantly with little downtime they can also be a source of main productivity. High consistency and repeatability make robots good for material elimination processes like trimming and chopping. This could probably be in the form of slicing materials, trimming plastic moldings and die castings and even polishing molds.

A report from a Swiss assume tank predicts that while robots will displace seventy five million jobs globally by 2022, they may create 133 million new ones - a web optimistic of 58 million jobs. Automation in manufacturing is extremely cost-effective for companies of all sizes. Rather than outsourcing jobs overseas, smaller firms can use robots to carry out chosen tasks at a lower cost and with greater high quality results than with outsourced employees. Industrial robots offer producers higher consistency and better quality when performing repetitive tasks. This means they're ready to produce high-quality merchandise with little variation and higher consistency than their human counterparts. As China builds its robotic installed base, it'll see a 25 % annual improve in demand for end effectors from 2018 via 2023.

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We have over 25 years experience integrating robotic methods for a large variety of applications. We are an official FANUC Authorized System Integrator, Yaskawa Motoman Solution Provider, ABB Robotics Integrator, KUKA Robotics System Partner, an Integrator of Universal Robots. In the context of basic robotics, most kinds of industrial robots would fall into the class of robotic arms. The automotive manufacturing business has long been one of the quickest and largest adopters of industrial robotic technology, and that continues to this day. Robots are used in nearly every a half of automotive manufacturing in one way or another, and it stays as some of the extremely automated provide chains in the world. Mobile robots are key to enabling versatile manufacturing, during which manufacturing is break up into discrete processes and production cells working in parallel.

Now, these collaborative industrial robots, or co-bots, work alongside manufacturing facility operators, doing a fraction of all of the stuff human employees do. The proliferation of sensors has made it possible for them to function in an environment with folks and record information about their setting. As a result, we will gather knowledge on each step of the manufacturing course of for full traceability and detailed information evaluation to make better selections for the long run. Cartesian, or gantry, robots have three linear joints that use the Cartesian coordinate system.

Combines AI with the aforementioned approach of demonstration techniques, permitting humans to “show” a robot tips on how to deal with variance. leverage AI algorithms to unravel difficult problems corresponding to grasping unfamiliar objects in random orientations or adapting to different conveyor belt speeds. These companies are addressing the things that have historically precluded automation, like unstructured environments and large SKU counts. and Wandelbots, rely on enter from handheld gadgets that “teach” the robotic what to do as they're guided by a human instructor. A human demonstrates the motions concerned in, for example, picking up items and placing them in a box, and the demonstration system translates those motions into the robot’s native code. Epsilon Pi Tau is the Leading International Honor Society for Technology.

They usually feature the execution of simulations to gauge the feasibility and offline programming in combination. If the system is able to compile and upload native robot code to the robotic controller, the user no longer has to study every producer's proprietary language. Therefore, this approach may be an essential step to standardize programming methods. The setup or programming of motions and sequences for an industrial robotic is typically taught by linking the robot controller to a laptop, desktop pc or network. Reshoring (‘onshoring’ or ‘insourcing’) comes with challenges, key among them is the price of labor.

A Cartesian robotic operates in the X-, Y-, and Z-axes to reach its end place. The chart above lists the entire several varieties of robots out there at present. If nothing else, a yr of COVID-19 has taught us to anticipate the unexpected. Of course, producers have always been extremely attuned to change, however the COVID-19 pandemic hit the manufacturing trade seemingly overnight, inflicting deep and long-lasting impacts. A 12 months later, we are ready to look back and see what manufacturers have learned about how to adapt and succeed in the face of adversity. UR+ Overview UR+ offers access to peripherals and software kits designed on your success.

Many initiatives are underway to deliver manufacturing again to nations just like the United States from the place it has been closely outsourced. As their name suggests, AMRs have the power to navigate autonomously using know-how much like a self-driving automobile. Sensing applied sciences including LiDAR and vision present AMRs with details about their working surroundings. In some sense, the pursuit of autonomy is much like the brain-eye-hand coordination that allows humans to do dynamic duties. The eye and the hand are mimicked by collecting sensor information, specifically 2D and 3D imaginative and prescient knowledge and haptic knowledge . Yet most manufacturing contexts feature some component of unpredictability.

Moreover, the repeatability is different in numerous components of the working envelope and also changes with speed and payload. ISO 9283 specifies that accuracy and repeatability ought to be measured at maximum speed and at maximum payload. But this ends in pessimistic values whereas the robotic might be far more accurate and repeatable at gentle hundreds and speeds. Repeatability in an industrial process can additionally be topic to the accuracy of the end effector, for instance a gripper, and even to the design of the 'fingers' that match the gripper to the object being grasped. For example, if a robot picks a screw by its head, the screw might be at a random angle.

[servicesinfo429]

EFI UV Printers, Canvassing Green Future

Becoming greener is the sum of several variables for the printing industry: the cost of printers, printer parts, inks, and energy to name only a few. Although many environmentally-friendly alternatives are available today that are a step in the right direction to align the business and environmental requirements, there are significant green benefits of EFI UV printer solutions over other solutions.

Arrow Digital is always on the Greener Path and we promote this technology to the market for decades. Almost all our printers are GreenGuard Certified. EFI LED inks contain less than .03% volatile organic compounds and are void of heavy metals. The inks also offer one of the widest color gamuts in the print industry and deliver consistent, repeatable results every time. GREENGUARD GOLD and RoHS Certification ensures that a product has met world's most rigorous and comprehensive standards for low emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into indoor air.

As the awareness to be Greener is in the Air, everyone is becoming more conscious and demand healthier atmosphere, indoor air quality is closely tied to health, and is therefore recognized as an important concern in homes, schools, healthcare environments and commercial spaces.  Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from building materials and furnishings are a major source of indoor air pollution. Becoming greener, more profitable business is the sum of many factors, including your printers, inks, consumables, energy consumption, water usage and waste. You also need a solution that helps your business expand into more short-run applications across many substrates, and lowers your printer’s total cost of ownership by increasing your productivity and operational efficiency. EFI LED technology can do all this and more.

In the value of green technologies in print businesses today there is no question that the printing industry is concerned about the climate. However, many print companies struggle to align their environmental obligations and international legislation in today's dynamic business climate with consumer demands for greener solutions that operate across a wide variety of short-run applications and substrates. Inks Green or eco-friendly inks are classified as inks containing the highest quantity of available bio-derived, sustainable raw materials and the lowest possible levels of Volatile Organic Compound.

Uses Ink Derived From Renewable Sources

EFI UV curing inks contain up to 50% monomers and oligomers naturally derived from renewable sources such as plants and biomass. These inks contain almost no VOCs and do not contain heavy metals, such as antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, or selenium. They are not deemed hazardous waste under such legislation, such as the U.S. Waste Regulations RCRA.

EFI Genuine Inks

Genuine EFI™ Inks and Coatings are custom-formulated for every EFI inkjet printing system. EFI ensures you get the highest color quality, durability, performance, reliability consistency and predictable running costs. Add extensive color range, and you’ve got all the elements you need to reliably produce crisp, vivid images for a wide variety of wide format, superwide and soft signage printing applications. With Genuine EFI Inks and Coatings, you'll always print with flying colors. The EFI LED UV inks are specially formulated to offer a wide color gamut and deliver consistent, repeatable results. With the ability to print on thinner, heat-sensitive and speciality substrates, you can offer customers more applications and lower cost material options. Virtually no VOCs make our LED inks a greener printing solution.

Cool Cure LED Technology

The "cool cure" LED technology and increased productivity to facilitate faster and more efficient job production than ever before. With no VOCs, less consumables and waste, low energy consumption, and the ability to print on recycled and other materials without introducing warping or head strikes, users can more easily satisfy customer requests for a greener printing solution. 

Ink Is Designed For Direct Printing

EFI UV printers are designed for direct printing on a wide variety of flexible and rigid substrates (e.g., PVC, wood, foamcore, coroplast, aluminum, vinyl, polycarbonate, and an increasing array of environmentally friendly and recyclable materials and do not require special coatings, saving you time and money.

Flexible Printing

Some of the industry's most productive printers available today are EFI UV printers. And its inherent flexibility helps you to print directly on rigid and flexible substrates, reduce time and costs of set-up and make-ready, and with fewer steps, transform jobs faster. There is no ideal solution, but it will put you a few steps closer to achieving a smaller footprint and greater profitability by recognizing the available choices' environmental effect.

Versatility

In a broad range of large and small print shops, flatbed and hybrid EFI UV Printers help them expand and diversify. Larger print shops can now embrace short-run print jobs and long-run assignments with numerous printing capacities, significantly growing business prospects and revenues.

Along with managing colour management and production schedules, the ability to manufacture customized and smaller-sized parts and long-run projects enables larger shops to monitor timelines and delivery schedules easily.

Our aim at Arrow is to offer a complete sustainable process for printing hence we are promoting only direct UV print with GreenGuard Gold and RoHS certified inks. 

Join us in making the world a greener place to live

[lcohen35]

Assignment 10 Final Draft: Are We Willing to be Inconvenienced For Sustainability?

According to physicist Albert Einstein, ‘A clever person solves a problem; a wise person avoids it’” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 596).  This is a perfect analysis of a zero waste lifestyle; zero wasters avoid making trash as a whole rather than looking for solutions of where to put it.

In my opinion, chapter 17 was a weird chapter because it focused highly on the effects of hazards on humans, and not the environment. It didn’t feel like it belonged in this text. Both chapters cited very controversial examples of responsible waste management/recycling, in my opinion. But, I digress. Here’s what I got out of it. 

#WhatMajorHealthHazardsDoWeFace?

We face major health hazards from biological, chemical, natural and cultural factors along with our lifestyle choices. Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa and fungi. Chemical hazards include harmful chemicals in air, water, soil and human-made products. Natural hazards include fire, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes and hurricanes. Cultural hazards include unsafe working conditions, criminal assault and poverty. Lifestyle choice hazards include smoking, poor food choices and unsafe sex. The hazard of Coronavirus which we are facing right now is a biological hazard.

#HowDoBiologicalHazardsThreatenHumanHealth?

Biological hazards can be highly contagious, passing from one person to another, but they don’t have to be. The book talks about how the risks of these hazards, like infectious diseases are declining, but still remain relevant in less developed countries. That’s a bit ironic right now because of Coronavirus. The book also mentions how climate change amplifies the effects of these hazards due to their tendency to breed rapidly in warmer climates. This is a bit terrifying with summer approaching. Another major issue threatening humans is that some of the bacteria which causes infectious diseases have become immune to antibiotics, which makes them more difficult to treat and easier to spread. The spread is also made easier by population growth, which forces higher person-to-person interaction as cities become more dense.

Some believe the Coronavirus originated from bats in a Chinese province. If that is true, it wouldn’t be the first time a disease spread from one animal to another (us). There is a whole field of medicine called Ecological Medicine which studies this connection. Their findings have shown that it is increasingly important to regulate the consumption and trade of exotic animals to prevent the spread of infectious disease. However, in reality, I can see how this can be quite difficult and can come off as colonialistic, in imposing western culture on different cultural norms than our own.

Figure 1. Solutions to Infectious Diseases (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 452.)

#HowDoChemicalHazardsThreatenHumanHealth?

Some chemicals in the environment can cause cancers and birth defects, and disrupt the human immune, nervous and endocrine systems. Toxic chemicals can cause temporary or permanent damage or even death to humans. The EPA has found that almost ½ of the fish tested in 500 US lakes and reservoirs had above safe levels of mercury (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 453). Mercury is a toxic metal naturally released into the air. However, ⅔ of the mercury existing in our atmosphere comes unnaturally from human activity: coal, industrial plants, cement kilns, smelters and solid-waste incinerators. Since Mercury is an element, it cannot be broken down, and it builds up in whatever area it comes to pollute. Humans are exposed to mercury through the food we eat or the air we breathe. This exposure to mercury can cause reduced IQs and nervous system damage. 

Figure 2. Movement of Different Forms of Mercury Through the Environment (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 454).

Figure 3. How to Prevent/Control Mercury Inputs (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 454).

Certain chemicals can affect the endocrine system because they have structures which mimic natural hormones. This can allow them to disrupt sexual development and reproduction. Some of these chemicals, or hormone disruptors, include the ones which are used to make plastics more flexible. Specifically, BPA has been a controversial material used in plastics, because research has shown that low levels of BPA can cause brain damage, early puberty, decreased sperm count, cancer, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, liver damage, impaired immune function, impotence and obesity. Consumers have the power to choose BPA free products, but some manufacturers have just replaced the chemical with a similar synthetic, which defeats the purpose. 

The book suggests that a simple way to help ourselves is to just switch to cleaner products. However, the book fails to recognize this is not accessible for many people in the US, because “clean” products tend to be more expensive. 

Figure 4. Ways to Limit Exposure to Hormone Disruptors (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 455).

#HowCanWeEvaluateRisksFromChemicalHazards?

Scientists use animal testings, case reports, and epidemiological studies to estimate the toxicity of chemicals. They evaluate dosage, solubility, persistence, and biological magnification, to name a few factors. There are many ethical factors which go into animal testing, and since more humane options exist, consumers have the option to buy products that do not test on animals.

“‘Toxicologists know a great deal about a few chemicals, a little about many, and next to nothing about most’” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 459). Though toxicologists are working hard to evaluate these risks, they overall recommend pollution prevention to reduce our exposure to harmful chemicals. Living in a developed country, we have all likely been exposed to potentially harmful chemicals, but we should avoid it whenever possible.

The book specifically cites 3M and Dupont as business leaders in chemical recycling, which is laughable. Both Dupont and 3M have been involved in environmental scandals of their own, ruined communities, and then tried to deny it when the time came to own up. I can’t fathom why the book would cite these two as examples of responsible businesses following the precautionary principle.

In order to follow the precautionary principle we (businesses, government, individuals) must:

assume new chemicals and technologies could be harmful unless proven otherwise

remove the existing chemicals and technologies that have been assumed safe thus far from the market until proven so

The European Union has already begun to apply the precautionary principle through pollution prevention by phasing out the dirty dozen.

Figure 5. Potentially Harmful Chemicals Found in the Home (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 460).

#HowDoWePercieveAndAvoidRisks?

We can avoid risks by becoming informed, thinking critically and making conscious choices. The best ways to avoid individual health risks are to avoid smoking, lose excess weight, reduce consumption of sugary foods, eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly, drink little to no alcohol, avoid excessive sunlight and practice safe sex. Technological risks can be difficult to estimate due to their complexity. But we can do so by calculating their probability of success (Reliability=Tech Reliability x Human Reliability).

Designer William Mcdonough came up with the cradle-to-cradle approach to the life-cycle of products; “we should think of products as part of a continuing cycle instead of becoming solid wastes that end up as litter or being burned or deposited in landfills” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 574). This is a form of biomimicry, a cycle which replicates the cycle of nature. This way of thinking has also been called closed-loop, and needs to be implemented at the design stage of a product, planning out every step of consumption.

It is important to note that some people are unable to avoid risks. The poor and unimmunized are particularly susceptible to disease. There's a privilege to being able to avoid contact, as in many areas people live with many members of their family in tight quarters and are unable to avoid contact with germs. This fact outlines how for some communities, even if you know the risks, you might still just have to live with them. The cycle of poverty is also worsened during a pandemic due to lower level client facing jobs increasing the susceptibility to disease. The poor are also less likely to receive medical assistance and less likely to have health insurance. The intersection of vulnerabilities is an important factor to consider when avoiding risk. The basic rule of thumb is, the more vulnerable you are before a disaster, you are exponentially more after the fact. 

#WhatEnvironmentalProblemsAreRelatedToSolidAndHazardousWastes?

Solid waste contributes to pollution and contains valuable resources that could be reused or recycled. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is what we throw out in our lives everyday–huge amounts of trash. We also produce industrial waste through agriculture, mining and industry. Without humans, this problem of this type of waste wouldn’t exist, because the natural wastes of one organism become nutrients or raw materials for another. We will always produce some waste, due to the law of conservation of matter, but cradle-to-cradle design could help reduce our waste and environmental harm by 80%. The United States produces the most waste in the world, “enough MSW to fill a bumper-to-bumper convoy of garbage trucks long enough to circle the earth’s equator almost six times” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 576).

Figure 6. Composition of MSW in the US and Where It Goes After Collection (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 576).

Many people have the misconception that landfills operate as huge compost piles where biodegradable waste will eventually break down in a short time. But in reality, decomposition takes a long time in a landfill due to lack of sunlight, water, and air.

Hazardous waste contributes to pollution, natural capital degradation, health problems and premature deaths. This type of waste is corrosive, toxic, flammable, can be explosive and cause disease. The two major types of hazardous wastes are organic compounds and toxic heavy metals. E-waste is a large source of this type of waste. Much of e-waste is shipped to foreign countries where the labor is cheap and environmental regulations are lax. “More developed countries produce 80-90% of the world’s hazardous wastes, and the United States is the largest producer” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 577). This means as human societies progress, we degrade the environment that allowed us to do so.

#HowShouldWeDealWithSolidWaste?

We should deal with solid waste by reducing our production of it, reusing or recycling it and safely disposing of it. Waste management is imperative to dealing with solid waste, but prevention and reduction are more effective. Integrated waste management combines all of these approaches, and is the most realistic.

Figure 7. Priorities Recommended by the US National Academy of Sciences for Dealing with MSW compared with The Reality (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 579).

The 4 R’s by priority are

Refuse: Don’t use it.

Reduce: Use less of it.

Reuse: use it over and over.

Recycle: Upcycle, compost, and follow local recycling rules.  

The question becomes, is it the responsibility of individuals to take these actions, or the responsibility of the system to change and make it really easy for individuals to do so? I think a combination of both. Producers of trash tend to focus on source separation as the most cost effective form of recycling. However, this puts a lot of owness on the consumer to be knowledgable on their local recycling practices. 

6 Strategies that industries and communities can use to reduce resource use, waste and pollution:

Change industrial processes to eliminate or reduce harmful chemical use.

Redesign manufacturing processes and products to use less material and energy.

Develop products that are easy to repair, reuse, remanufacture, compost or recycle.

Establish cradle-to cradle responsibility laws.

Eliminate and/or reduce unnecessary packaging.

Use fee-per-bag solid waste collection systems.

#WhyAreWeRefusingReducingReusingAndRecyclingSoImportant?

We refuse, reduce, reuse and recycle what we use to decrease our consumption of matter and energy resources, reduce pollution and natural capital degradation and save money.

Questions to ask yourself to avoid a throwaway economy:

Do I really need this? (refuse)

How many of these do I actually need? (reduce)

Is this something I can use more than once? (reuse)

Can this be converted into the same or a different product when I am done with it? (recycle)

Figure 8. Some Ways to Reuse (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 582).

Businesses are also forming out of people’s desire to avoid waste, such as rental clothing, furniture and child’s toys. Additionally recycling businesses are arising to give people points for recycling, or to recycle non recyclable products. Terracycle is a company that partners with brands to recycle their packaging in order to divert it from a landfill (Terracycle 2020).

Recycling is a complex and expensive process, so it is not the most sustainable form of waste diversion. Additionally, incorrect sorting for recycling is ineffective. 

Figure 9. Advantages and Disadvantages of Recycling (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 585).

#WhatAreTheAdvantagesAndDisadvantagesOfBurningOrBuryingSolidWaste?

Figure 10. Trade-Offs of Burning Solid Waste (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 587).

Figure 11. Trade-Offs of Landfills (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 588).

#HowShouldWeDealWithHazardousWaste?

We should deal with hazardous waste by producing less of it, reusing or recycling it, converting it to less hazardous materials, and safely storing it. Most countries follow these priorities poorly. The long-term solution is prevention, but short term the other options will suffice. Hazardous waste can be detoxified physically, chemically or biologically. Additionally plasma gasification can be used to treat the waste, but it is quite expensive. Burial of hazardous waste is the most common form of storage in the United States and abroad due to low cost. But the environmental costs of leakage into groundwater are high. The current regulation for this type of storage is inadequate. Actually, 95% of the hazardous and toxic wastes produced in the United States are unregulated, and even less are regulated in less developed countries. The consequences of this is that about $1.7 trillion is spent on the cleanup of toxic waste, not including legal fees. And we pay for it through our taxes!

#HowCanASocietyShiftToALowWasteEconomy?

“Shifting to a low waste economy will require individuals and businesses to reduce resource use and to reuse and recycle most solid and hazardous wastes at local, national and global levels” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 594). Bottom-up campaigns are essential in the process including sit-ins, concerts, protests, rallies, and petitions. Manufacturers of waste feel that it needs to be managed, while citizens feel that waste needs to be reduced; it is a constant struggle.

3 Factors hinder reuse and recycling

The market prices of products are not applying full-cost pricing.

The economic playing field is uneven because resource extraction usually receives more subsidies than reuse and recycling industries.

The demand and the price paid for recycled goods fluctuates since it isn’t a high priority for consumers.

We can reverse these factors by attaching deposit fees or fee-per bag charges and governments can pass laws requiring companies to take back, recycle and/or reuse packaging and e-waste. Overall, a change in mindset must be adopted to the way in which we consume in the following ways.

We must understand:

Everything is connected.

There is no “throw away” for our wastes.

Producers and polluters should pay for their produced wastes.

We can mimic nature by reusing, recycling, composting or exchanging MSW.

(Miller and Spoolman 2016, 596).

Additionally, I watched No Impact Man for this post, where Colin Beavin asks, what if we tried not to hurt the environment? And what are we willing to give up to do so? He spent a year living zero waste, only buying food within a 250 mile radius, and only traveling by foot and bike. He shopped at local farmers markets, turned off his electricity, homemade cleaning products and in the end adopted a different mindset towards life. Beavin began to understand the disconnection between humans and nature through consumption. Personally, I have been pursuing zero waste for 3 years, and even I thought the guy was a bit extreme. His critics felt the same way. In the film, Beavin noted how some environmentalists had reached out to him saying he was giving the rest of us a bad rep. But I think it’s important for people to understand the validity of the experiment, and how little thought goes into most peoples’ everyday impact. This strikes a nerve in American culture because we are a society built on American corporate capitalism. Through No Impact Man, Beavin also balanced the question of individual versus collective action. Some other critics said if we could do it without government and business aid, then what’s the problem? I think the problem is that living how Colin lived is seen as extreme and unrealistic for most people due to the inconveniences it causes. Individual action requires people to be engaged, and creates the demand for the world to look differently.

Figure 12. Zero Waste. Personal Photo.

Word Count: 3000 Words

Question: How can zero-waste lifestyles be more attractive and accessible?

Works Cited

Miller, G. Tyler, and Scott E. Spoolman. 2016. Living in the Environment: Nineteenth Edition, 441-596. Canada: Cengage Learning.

Wurmfeld, E. (Producer), & Gabbert, L. (Director). (2009). No Impact Man [Motion Picture]. Toronto, ON : Mongrel Media.

Terracyle. 2020. “About Terracycle.” Accessed April 6, 2020. https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/about-terracycle?utm_campaign=admittance&utm_medium=menu&utm_source=www.terracycle.com

[retechie]

Top Reasons to Buy a Used Laptop in India

Having a laptop is necessary in the modern digital world for both personal and professional purposes. However, purchasing a brand-new laptop can be expensive, especially for students, small business owners, and budget-conscious buyers. Fortunately, there's a great substitute available: used laptops. For those in India, opting for a second hand laptop or a refurbished laptop provides a cost-effective solution without sacrificing quality. In this blog, we'll explore the top reasons to consider buying a used laptop in India and why it's a smart investment.

1. Significant Cost Savings

One of the main advantages of purchasing a used laptop is the significant savings. Brand-new laptops often come with high price tags, especially premium models. Selecting a refurbished or used laptop might result in savings of up to 50% or higher than the initial price. This makes buying a used laptop an attractive option for those who need a reliable device without stretching their budget.

In India, where affordability is a priority, the availability of used laptops in India offers consumers a chance to own top-tier brands and models at a fraction of the cost. Whether you're a student or a professional, a refurbished laptop in India ensures you get a high-quality device that meets your needs without the financial burden.

2. Access to Premium Brands

Another reason to buy a used laptop is the ability to afford premium brands. Many top laptop brands like Apple, Dell, HP, and Lenovo offer refurbished or second-hand options at lower prices. This means you can enjoy high-end features, design, and performance for a much smaller investment.

For example, if you've always wanted a MacBook but found the cost too high, buying a refurbished laptop or second hand laptop allows you to experience Apple's technology at a more accessible price. The same goes for other premium brands, giving you access to the latest technology without the hefty price tag.

3. Environmentally Friendly Option

Purchasing a used laptop or refurbished laptop isn't just good for your wallet—it's also good for the environment. By choosing a second hand laptop, you are helping reduce electronic waste. Millions of laptops and electronic devices are discarded every year, contributing to environmental pollution. By extending the life of a used laptop, you are reducing the demand for new devices, which helps decrease the carbon footprint associated with manufacturing and disposal.

Opting for a refurbished laptop in India is an eco-conscious decision that supports sustainability. You're not only getting a device that suits your needs but also making a positive impact on the environment.

4. Quality Assurance and Warranty

A common misconception about used laptops is that they are unreliable. However, most refurbished laptops undergo thorough testing and quality checks to ensure they meet high performance standards before being resold. Reputed brands like Retechie offer reliable  reconditioned laptops with warranties, so you can feel secure knowing that your purchase is guarded against any potential flaws.

When purchasing from a reputable seller like ReTechie, you can trust that the refurbished laptop has been carefully inspected and restored to optimal condition. This means you're getting a reliable product that performs just as well as a new laptop but at a lower cost.

5. Ideal for Students and Small Businesses

For students and small businesses, a used laptop is an excellent solution. Whether you're working on assignments, attending online classes, or managing business operations, a second hand laptop offers the functionality you need at a fraction of the price of a new device.

Small business owners often require multiple devices for their teams but may have limited budgets. Investing in refurbished laptops allows them to equip their workforce with reliable technology without overspending.

6. Upgradable and Customizable

Choosing a secondhand laptop also gives you the benefit of future upgrades. Many second hand laptops offer the ability to upgrade components like RAM, storage, and battery life. This means that even if the laptop is a few years old, you can easily boost its performance to meet modern requirements.

Upgrading a refurbished laptop in India is a cost-effective way to extend the lifespan of your device and ensure it continues to perform well for years to come.

Conclusion: A Smart Choice for Budget-Conscious Buyers

Buying used laptops in India offers numerous benefits, from significant cost savings to access to premium brands, environmental sustainability, and quality assurance. Whether you're a student, professional, or small business owner, a refurbished laptop or second hand laptop is a smart investment that delivers excellent value without compromising on performance.

Explore the wide range of used laptops available at ReTechie and find the perfect device to suit your needs and budget.

[uflexindia]

Eco-Friendly, Since Packed!

Being Eco-Friendly has always posed a new challenge for the packaging world. One backed by the other, there has always been a tug-of-war between challenges and solutions derived. The term ‘Eco-Friendly’ in the packaging industry means a kind of packaging that withstands the qualitative standards from each perspective — from the point of sourcing the raw material to it reaching the consumers. 

It uses recyclable, renewable and non-toxic materials to create the right packaging which a consumer would take pride to own. It traverses through green channels of the supply chain to reach the retail shelves. And yes, it doesn’t end here! An eco-friendly packaging should not tarnish the environment even after disposal. This kind of packaging goes by several names including environment friendly packaging, green packaging and sustainable packaging.

In the present scenario, the term eco-friendly gets pitched a lot as seen on almost every label, be it food bags or furniture. As the use of this term gets more frequent, the importance of it in lifestyle and products can be debatable. However, it is a must for one to understand what eco-friendly actually means in the packaging industry. And when it comes to products, everything from its production to packaging has to be safe for the environment. The Federal Trade Commission’s Green Guides are designed to help companies avoid making environmental claims that mislead consumers. For a product to be labelled as eco-friendly, its packaging should also explain that it is environmentally fit or else it cannot be considered safe for the environment and consumers as well.

Furthermore, companies should take responsibility to find the right packaging for shipping of their products. In order to find the right packaging, it is essential to take cost, materials, size and many more things into consideration.

Why Flexible Packaging?

Of late, several companies are relying on flexible packaging solutions that are environmentally sustainable as they have a lesser carbon footprint against other forms of packaging like tin, glass and paper. Flexible Packaging offers a host of benefits which makes it the obvious choice for a lot of brand owners and consumers, alike!

Decreased Carbon Footprint

Carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases that are released in the environment during the stages of production, transit, consumption and post consumption as well. In comparison to the traditional rigid packaging which gives out more CO2 emissions, flexible packaging always has the upper hand as it fosters economies of scale in transportation by reducing fuel consumption and requiring less storage space. Plastic packaging facilitates weight savings of more than 78 percent compared to alternative packaging materials.

Ease of Use

Various factors like easy to store, easy to carry, re-sealability, easy to see product content etc makes flexible packaging the most preferred packaging option.

Eco-friendly Materials are Free from Toxins and Allergens

Many people are concerned with what their packaging material is made of and the potential impact it can have on their health and well-being. Flexible packaging requires less material overall, making it a more environmentally friendly option than materials such as glass, tin and rigid PET. For example, only two-and a-half pounds of flexible packaging material is required to pack 100 pounds of beverage, compared to 84 pounds of glass required to pack the same volume. Using toxic and allergen free packaging materials adds up to the sustainable packaging which gives consumers a safe experience each time.

Longer Shelf Life for Consumption

A longer shelf life for food products serves the dual benefit; it not just saves consumer’s money but also helps decrease food wastage and global greenhouse gases. With Flexible Packaging solutions, the producers can extend the life of consumables due to its material and structure that goes into making the packet. Rigid packaging lacks this property.

As Flexible Packaging Unfolds!

Creating, designing and sourcing eco-friendly packaging solutions can take up a lot of precious time, especially if one doesn’t know what exactly could be the most viable solution. However, the goal for creating sustainable packaging doesn’t end with the consumption of the product. Rather a sustainable packaging should have the most efficient completion of life cycle which can be achieved through recyclability and biodegradability of packaging.

To address this need and achieve the dual aspect of customer satisfaction and create a sustainable world for flexible packaging, UFlex a flexible packaging company, sustainability is a guiding force behind innovation, where the two go hand-in-hand. It has been making significant investments in newer technologies ensuring less energy consumption per ton of Flexible Packaging. UFlex recycles all its production waste as well as post-consumer flexible packaging waste that it sources from external agencies, a move that helps in reducing pressure on landfills while arresting plastic pollution. Its lead as a flexible packaging film manufacturer has enabled it to make use of post-consumer PET Bottles waste to create packaging film with minimum 90% PCR content. Very soon, UFlex is going to offer biodegradable as well recyclable plastic films which will become biomass at the end of its assigned life.

A step in the consumer’s interest is as much as a step towards the business interest. As people are getting more environmentally conscious, they are constantly seeking out ways to make a positive impact on the planet without making any major changes in their existing lifestyle. When the clients or consumers know that sustainable resources are being used, they see that the brand cares about the environment and the planet, showing the company as responsible enough.

[haroldhagamanblog-blog]

Marketing 6th Edition Test Bank Grewal

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 Chapter 04

Test Bank

1.     The purpose of conscious marketing is to make a product by selling products and services.

FALSE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-01 Define conscious marketing.

Topic: Role of Ethics in Marketing

Feedback: Conscious marketing entails a sense of purpose for the firm that is higher than simply making a profit by selling products and services. It encompasses four overriding principles: Recognition of marketing’s greater purpose; consideration of stakeholders and their interdependence; the presence of conscious leadership, creating a corporate culture; and the understanding that decisions are ethically based.

2.     Marketing ethics is concerned with distinguishing between right and wrong actions and decisions that arise in a business setting, according to broad and well-established moral and ethical principles that might arise in a business setting, and any special duties or obligations that apply to persons engaged in commerce.

FALSE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Learning Objective: 04-01 Define conscious marketing.

Topic: Role of Ethics in Marketing

Feedback: Business ethics is concerned with distinguishing between right and wrong actions and decisions that arise in a business setting, according to broad and well-established moral and ethical principles that might arise in a business setting, and any special duties or obligations that apply to persons engaged in commerce.

3.     Marketing ethics can involve societal issues such as the sale of products or services that may damage the environment or global issues such as the use of child labor.

TRUE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Learning Objective: 04-01 Define conscious marketing.

Topic: Role of Ethics in Marketing

Feedback: Marketing ethics examines ethical situations that are specific to the domain of marketing, including societal, global, or individual consumer issues. They can involve societal issues such as the sale of products or services that may damage the environment, global issues such as the use of child labor, or individual consumer issues such as misrepresenting a product in advertising or marketing dangerous products.

4.     The consideration of stakeholders and their interdependence is one of the four overriding principles of conscious marketing.

TRUE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-01 Define conscious marketing.

Topic: Role of Ethics in Marketing

Feedback: The four overriding principles of conscious marketing include: recognition of marketing’s greater purpose; consideration of stakeholders and their interdependence; the presence of conscious leadership, creating a corporate culture; and the understanding that decisions are ethically based.

5.     Key corporate social responsibility (CSR) stakeholders include employees, customers, the marketplace, and society.

TRUE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the ways in which conscious marketing helps various stakeholders.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: Key corporate social responsibility (CSR) stakeholders include employees, customers, the marketplace, and society.

6.     When Walmart pressured its vendors to supply it with environmentally friendly merchandise with labels to prove it, this most relates to the concept of sustainability.

TRUE

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the ways in which conscious marketing helps various stakeholders.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: This is an example of sustainability. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that we need for our survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment.” Therefore, sustainable actions, including sustainable marketing, allow “humans and nature [to] exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations.”

7.     One way in which conscious marketing differs from corporate social responsibility (CSR) is that CSR takes a holistic, ecosystem view of business as a complex, adaptive system.

FALSE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Learning Objective: 04-03 Differentiate between conscious marketing and corporate social responsibility.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) differs from conscious marketing in that CSR reflects a mechanistic view of business.

8.     From a conscious marketing perspective, social responsibility is at the core of the business through the higher purpose and viewing the community and the environment as stakeholders.

TRUE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-03 Differentiate between conscious marketing and corporate social responsibility.

Topic: Role of Ethics in Marketing

Feedback: From a conscious marketing perspective, social responsibility is at the core of the business through the higher purpose and viewing the community and the environment as stakeholders.

9.     Coca-Cola spent $102 million through The Coca-Cola Campaign focusing on water stewardship, healthy and active lifestyles, community recycling, and education. This is an illustration of a CSR program.

TRUE

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-02 Describe what constitutes marketing’s greater purpose.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: This is an example of a CSR program.

10.   The first step in ethical decision making is to gather information and identify stakeholders.

FALSE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Learning Objective: 04-07 Identify the four steps in ethical decision making.

Topic: Ethical Decision Making

Feedback: The first step in ethical decision making is to identify the issue.

11.   The Golden Rule test asks the question, “Would I like to be on the receiving end of this action and all its potential consequences?”

TRUE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-07 Identify the four steps in ethical decision making.

Topic: Ethical Decision Making

Feedback: The Golden Rule test asks the question, “Would I like to be on the receiving end of this action and all its potential consequences?”

12.   A roofing company agreed to complete a job in one week and collected a 50 percent deposit, but never showed up to do the job. The same roofing company then donated $6,000 to a local children’s hospital. The roofing company could be considered socially responsible.

TRUE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty: 3 Hard

Learning Objective: 04-03 Differentiate between conscious marketing and corporate social responsibility.

Topic: Ethical Issues in Marketing

Feedback: It is possible to be socially responsible yet unethical, which describes this particular company. Its failure to meet its agreements demonstrates ethical issues; however, its community support shows social responsibility.

13.   BlendMate, a firm that manufactures high-end blenders, donates $10 per blender sold to a local food bank. This is a form of corporate social responsibility.

TRUE

AACSB: Knowledge Application

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty: 3 Hard

Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the ways in which conscious marketing helps various stakeholders.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: When companies voluntarily embrace CSR, they appeal not only to their shareholders, but also to their primary stakeholders—including their own employees, consumers, the marketplace, and society at large. In this case, the company would be supporting a charity that helps society at large.

14.   Ethos Water donates 2 percent of its profits to children in need of clean water. This action demonstrates that Ethos Water is a firm with a strong ethical climate.

FALSE

AACSB: Knowledge Application

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty: 3 Hard

Learning Objective: 04-03 Differentiate between conscious marketing and corporate social responsibility.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: This is an example of corporate social responsibility, as it is a voluntary action designed to help the community at large. While ethical firms are more likely to be socially responsible, the two do not always go hand in hand.

15.   Corporate social responsibility refers to the coordinated actions of government organizations to address the ethical, social, and environmental impacts of business operations.

FALSE

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-02 Describe what constitutes marketing’s greater purpose.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: Corporate social responsibility refers to voluntary actions taken by a company to address the ethical, social, and environmental impacts of its business operations and the concerns of its stakeholders.

16.   Among the key differences between conscious marketing and CSR is the unique view on shareholders that is absolutely critical to CSR.

FALSE

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty: 2 Medium

Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the ways in which conscious marketing helps various stakeholders.

Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility

Feedback: Among the key differences between conscious marketing and CSR, we can highlight the unique view on shareholders that is absolutely critical to conscious marketing.

17.   Stakeholders typically include the firm’s employees and their families, customer groups, members of the community, the environment, and the firm’s partners and competitors.

TRUE

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Learning Objective: 04-04 Describe the ways in which conscious marketing helps various stakeholders.

Topic: Stakeholders effect on Marketing Strategy

Feedback: Stakeholders typically include the firm’s employees and their families, customer groups, members of the community, the environment, and the firm’s partners and competitors.

18.   Brainstorming in the ethical decision-making framework occurs immediately following the identification of issues.

FALSE

AACSB: Analytical Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty: 1 Easy

Learning Objective: 04-07 Identify the four steps in ethical decision making.

Topic: Ethical Decision Making

Feedback: Brainstorming occurs after the firm has identified the stakeholders and their issues and gathered all available data.

19.   Badger Hardware was planning on raising the pay of its managers, but not its frontline employees. To determine the potential ethical issues, it should first identify the issues involved so that it can gather facts related to those issues.

TRUE

AACSB: Ethics

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty: 3 Hard

Learning Objective: 04-07 Identify the four steps in ethical decision making.

Topic: Ethical Decision Making

Feedback: Identifying issues is the first step in the ethical decision-making framework.

20.   A common view in today’s business climate is that the only responsibility of a business is to its shareholders, so its only purpose is to make a profit.

FALSE

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Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Assignment Help

Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing is an essential part of manufacturing that includes the social and technological aspects of the design, synthesis, processing, and use of products in continuous or discrete manufacturing industries. Environmentally conscious technologies and design practices will allow manufacturers to minimize waste and to turn waste into a profitable product. MechanicalAssignmentExperts.com assures for the best quality Compliance of your Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Assignment help. We take deep consideration for all those who seek Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing problem solution and offer them best kind of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing project help. To help our Endeavour to deliver the quality service we have come up with the online chat support to keep the Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Students in constant touch of the experts.

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Explain the term product-item, product-line and product mix in the context of the above situation.

Assignment Solutions, Case study Answer sheets

Project Report and Thesis contact

aravind.banakar@gmail.com

www.mbacasestudyanswers.com

ARAVIND – 09901366442 – 09902787224

 MARKETING MANAGEMENT

 Section A :-

Case Study – 1

An electronic gadgets manufacturing firm wanted to market in India a small, handheld electronic instrument for measuring blood pressure at home. The price of the instrument was fixed at around Rs. 3000 a piece. Being a specialty product, it was perceived to have only a limited clientele. As the firm had no established channel of distribution, it decided to take the direct-marketing route. The product was unique in the sense that it offered the convenience of constant monitoring of blood pressure at home, in office or anywhere, without having to visit the doctor. It could save a lot of time and inconvenience, especially for busy professionals, executives, businessmen and all those who had a hectic work schedule. Since it was a relatively expensive product, senior executives, professionals and businessmen above 45 years of age, having an income of more than Rs. 15,000 per month were expected to be the prospective buyers. The firm adopted the following procedure for identifying and enlisting prospects. In order to prepare a cold list, an advertisement of the product, along with a coupon, was released in two leading business newspapers in Bombay. Interested individuals were asked to fill up the printed coupon and send it to the firm within 10 days to get a free booklet on management of blood pressure. Personal particulars relevant to identifying the ‘qualifying prospects’ Such as income, age, profession, residential address and details of any health-related problem were to be filled in the coupon. A majority of the people who responded were found to be suffering from blood pressure, obesity or heart-related problems. A cold list of about 5,000 individuals was generated on the basis of filled-in coupons. This list was further scrutinized and names of individuals below 40 years of age and those who did not fulfil the income criteria were dropped, as were the names of apparently non-serious respondents who might have sent the coupon more out of curiosity. The residual list of about3,500 respondents was treated as the hot list. Another alternative to this newspaper ad approach, as suggested by the research agency was to obtain a list of credit card holders from reputed banks such as ANZ Grindlays Bank, Citibank, Canara Bank, State Bank of India and Bank of Baroda. The firm could then have sorted out the names of card holders who were above the age of 40 and occupied senior executive positions in private or public organizations. This would have formed the cold list. Next, the firm could have sent a brochure and a personal letter to them offering to arrange a free demonstration of the product at their residences. All those who responded would have formed the hot list. However, this approach was not taken due to some logistic problems. The respondents were then clustered into different segments on the basis of their health status : those who had only mild blood pressure but no other problem; those suffering from obesity and blood pressure both; those suffering from blood pressure and some cardiac problem; those who had blood pressure and diabetes with or without some cardiac problem; and so on. This database of all the listed people with their detailed health profiles helped the firm in identifying specific needs of the respondents.

 Questions:-

 (a) What elements of promotion mix would be more appropriate for the company to market blood pressure instruments, and why?

 (b) What should be the long run promotional strategy for the company?

 Case Study – 2

For many years McDonald's enjoyed worldwide success built on a few well-known, highly standard conditions. The company with the Golden Arches served a simple menu - hamburgers, french fries, and milkshakes orsoft drinks. The food was pricedlow, its quality was consistent, and it was served speedily from establishments that all looked alike and were extremely clean. In recent years, however, McDonald's has seen its growth rate slow down and its dominant market position slip. Why? The changes been occuring in the company's external environment. We will start with the population picture. Foir many years McDonals's main customer group was young couples with several kids. Today, people are marrying ata much later age and families have fewer children, so Mc Donald's traditional customer base is eroding. Then there are the cultural changes. Also consumers have become more health conscious. let's face it - burgers, fries, and shakes are not exactly at the top of dietitians menu recommendations today. Consumers want convenience. in the past they hopped in the car and drove to McDonald's. Today they can pop something into the microwave oven or phone domino's to have a pizza delivered. Another challenge came as consumers became more concerned about physical environment. McDonald's polystyrene hamburger packaging was attacked by people who demand the sue of recycled and or/ biodegradable products. Paralleling all these challenges were the growing number and effectiveness of competitors.

 Questions:-

 a ) i) Identify and discuss the major environmental changes being faced byMcDonald's.

ii) What course of action should the company CEO pursue to regain its dominant market position?

 b) What king of distribution channel would you recommend for the following products and why? i)Personal computers ii) Industrial lubricant

 Case Study – 3

The furnishing limited is a small chain of distributors of good quality office furniture, carpets, safes and cabinets. Within each category, the company offers a wide variety of products, with a great many variations of each product being offered. For example, the company currently offers some 4 different designs of chairs and 23 varieties of office desks. The company keeps in touch with advances made in the office furniture field worldwide and introduces those products which are in keeping with the needs of the market in terms of design, workmanship, value for money and technical specifications. Fine furnishing trades only in good quality furniture. Differences between its products and cheaper, lower quality ones are well known to those who have several years of experience in the business. An important feature the company feels is the availability of a complete list of components of the furniture system. This enables customers to add bits and pieces of matching designs and colour in the furniture. Such components are available for sale separately. Systems are maintained in stock by the company for a number of years, and spare parts for chairs and other furniture are always available. The trade is currently witnessing a downturn due to recession. Fine furnishing hasl also experienced the same over the past two years. In addition, it had to trim its profit margins. Last year, it barely broke even and this year it is heading for a loss for the first time in the company's twenty year history.

 Questions:-

i) Explain the term product-item, product-line and product mix in the context of the above situation.

 ii) Advice the companies in relation to its product mix. How will your recommendations affect the company's image?

 Case Study - 4

 Hotel holiday Inn spends a large amount of money on a bonus programme for frequent hotel guests, while the hilton corporation, a direct competitor spends hardly a fifth of the amount spent by Holiday inn on it. Hilton puts most of its marketing resources into nationwide print and television advertisements, while holiday inn does little of either. Traditionally, demand for hotel rooms has outpaced supply. But now cities have too many hotels; occupancy rates have come down and the room rates have also come down. Holiday inn believes that with its bonus programme, they can gather detailed information about the frequent customers and they can be approached through direct main, and also offer incentives like free meals, free stay in hotels particularly where occupancy is low. Yet competitors such as Jilton are of opinion that Holiday Inn is merely rewarding guests who would otherwise also stay at Holiday Inn.

 Questions:-

 i) How is marketing a service different from marketing a good?

 ii) What techniques Holiday inn should use to fill more rooms?

 Section B :-

1 a). Discuss the scope and relevance of the concept of market segmentation. Will the scope change with the opening of Indian economy? Illustrate how firms would be benefited in marketing their products and services by segmentation.

 b) Briefly discuss the concept of positioning. What is the positioning of i) Santro car ii) Indian airlines iii) Pepsi iv) Dalda ghee

 2. a) Discuss in brief the various pricing strategies used by marketers. Suggest suitable pricing strategy for i) Software ii) 100 cc motorcycle iii) Luxury car iv) Laptop

 b) How is a product management organization different from the market centred organization?

 3. a) Enumerate and discuss the major packaging decisions appropriate for the following

i) FMCG company

 ii) Consumer durable company

 b) Discuss the marketing strategies that may be used at the introductory and maturity stages of the product life cycle.  promotion methods directed at consumers, which can be used by a detergent manufacturer.

 b) Discuss the role of personal selling and advertising in promotional industrial products. How does it compare to consumer product promotion?

 5. a) Middlemen are parasites. This charge has been made by many over the centuries. Is this likely to be the case in a competitive economic system? Why or why not?

 b) You are marketing manager of a medium sized manufacturing company. The president has just made the following statement "The distribution activity is not a concern of the marketing department. The function of the marketing department is to sell the product ... let be rest of the company handle production and distribution." How would you reply to this statement. Discuss whether you agree or disagree with the statement and justify your answer.

 6. (a) Define the term marketing. Discuss the scope and appropriateness of marketing function in satisfying human needs and wants. Given suitable examples.

 (b) As a marketing manager, propose and formulate STP strategy for home fitness kit targeted at women. Discuss the base for your strategy.

 7. Write short notes on any three of the following:

 a)     STP strategies b) Functions of Packaging c) Elements of promotion mix d) Methods of sales forecasting

 Assignment Solutions, Case study Answer sheets

Project Report and Thesis contact

aravind.banakar@gmail.com

www.mbacasestudyanswers.com

ARAVIND – 09901366442 – 09902787224

[lcohen35]

Assignment 10 First Draft: Are We Willing to be Inconvenienced For Sustainability?

According to physicist Albert Einstein, ‘A clever person solves a problem; a wise person avoids it’” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 596).  

Chapter 17 was a weird chapter because it focused highly on the effects of hazards on humans, and not the environment. It didn't feel like it belonged in this text. Chapter 21 cited very controversial examples of responsible waste management/recycling, in my opinion. 

#WhatMajorHealthHazardsDoWeFace?

We face major health hazards from biological, chemical, natural and cultural factors along with our lifestyle choices. Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa and fungi. Chemical hazards include harmful chemicals in air, water, soil and human-made products. Natural Hazards include fire, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tornadoes and hurricanes. Cultural hazards include unsafe working conditions, criminal assault and poverty. Lifestyle choice hazards include smoking, poor food choices and unsafe sex. 

#HowDoBiologicalHazardsThreatenHumanHealth?

Biological hazards can be highly contagious, passing from one person to another, but they don’t have to be. The book talks about how the risks of these hazards, like infectious diseases are declining, but still remain relevant in less developed countries. That’s a bit ironic right now because of the global pandemic, Coronavirus. The book also mentions how climate change amplifies the effects of these hazards due to their tendency to breed rapidly in warmer climates. This is a bit terrifying as summer is approaching. Another major issue threatening humans is that some of the bacteria which causes infectious diseases have become immune to antibiotics, which makes them more difficult to treat and easier to spread. The spread is also made easier by population growth, which forces higher person-to-person interaction as cities become more dense.

Some believe the Coronavirus originated from bats in a Chinese province. If that is true, it wouldn’t be the first time a disease spread from one animal to another (us). There is a whole field of medicine called Ecological Medicine which studies this connection. Their findings have shown that it is increasingly important to regulate the consumption and trade of exotic animals to prevent the spread of infectious disease. However, in reality, this can be quite difficult and can come off as colonialistic, in imposing western culture on different cultural norms than our own. 

Figure 1. Solutions to Infectious Diseases (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 452.)

#HowDoChemicalHazardsThreatenHumanHealth?

Some chemicals in the environment can cause cancers and birth defects, and disrupt the human immune, nervous and endocrine systems. Toxic chemicals can cause temporary or permanent damage or even death to humans. The EPA has found that almost ½ of the fish tested in 500 US lakes and reservoirs had above safe levels of mercury (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 453). Mercury is a toxic metal naturally released into the air. However, ⅔ of the mercury existing in our atmosphere comes unnaturally from human activity: coal, industrial plants, cement kilns, smelters and solid-waste incinerators. Since Mercury is an element, it cannot be broken down, and it builds up in whatever area it comes to pollute. Humans are exposed to mercury through the food we eat or the air we breathe. This exposure to mercury can cause reduced IQs and nervous system damage. 

Figure 2. Movement of Different Forms of Mercury Through the Environment (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 454). 

Figure 3. How to Prevent/Control Mercury Inputs (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 454).

Certain chemicals can affect the endocrine system because they have structures which mimic natural hormones. This can allow them to disrupt sexual development and reproduction. Some of these chemicals, or hormone disruptors, include the ones which are used to make plastics more flexible. Specifically, BPA has been a controversial material used in plastics, because research has shown that low levels of BPA can cause brain damage, early puberty, decreased sperm count, cancer, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, liver damage, impaired immune function, impotence and obesity. Consumers have the power to choose BPA free products, but some manufacturers have just replaced the chemical with a similar synthetic, which defeats the purpose. 

Figure 4. Ways to Limit Exposure to Hormone Disruptors (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 455).

#HowCanWeEvaluateRisksFromChemicalHazards?

Scientists use animal testings, case reports, and epidemiological studies to estimate the toxicity of chemicals. They evaluate dosage, solubility, persistence, and biological magnification, to name a few factors. There are a lot of ethical factors which go into animal testing, and since more humane options exist, consumers have the option to buy products that do not test on animals. 

“‘Toxicologists know a great deal about a few chemicals, a little about many, and next to nothing about most’” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 459). Though toxicologists are working hard to evaluate these risks, they overall recommend pollution prevention to reduce our exposure to harmful chemicals. Living in a developed country, we have all likely been exposed to potentially harmful chemicals, but we should avoid it whenever possible. 

The book specifically cites 3M and Dupont as business leaders in chemical recycling, which is laughable. Both Dupont and 3M have been involved in environmental scandals of their own, ruined communities, and then tried to deny it when the time came to own up. I can’t fathom why the book would cite these two as examples of responsible businesses following the precautionary principle.

In order to follow the precautionary principle we (businesses, government, individuals) must:

assume new chemicals and technologies could be harmful unless proven otherwise

remove the existing chemicals and technologies that have been assumed safe thus far from the market until proven so

The European Union has already begun to apply the precautionary principle through pollution prevention by phasing out the dirty dozen.

Figure 5. Potentially Harmful Chemicals Found in the Home (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 460). 

#HowDoWePercieveAndAvoidRisks?

We can avoid risks by becoming informed, thinking critically and making conscious choices. The best ways to avoid individual health risks are to avoid smoking, lose excess weight, reduce consumption of sugary foods, eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, exercise regularly, drink little to no alcohol, avoid excessive sunlight and practice safe sex. Technological risks can be difficult to estimate due to their complexity. But we can do so by calculating their probability of success (Reliability=Tech Reliability x Human Reliability).

Designer William Mcdonough came up with the cradle-to-cradle approach to the life-cycle of products; “we should think of products as part of a continuing cycle instead of becoming solid wastes that end up as litter or being burned or deposited in landfills” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 574). This way of thinking has also been called closed-loop, and needs to be implemented at the design stage of a product, planning out every step of consumption. 

#WhatEnvironmentalProblemsAreRelatedToSolidAndHazardousWastes?

Solid waste contributes to pollution and contains valuable resources that could be reused or recycled. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is what we throw out in our lives everyday–huge amounts of trash. We also produce industrial waste through agriculture, mining and industry. Without humans, this problem wouldn’t exist, because the wastes of one organism become nutrients or raw materials for another. We will always produce some waste, due to the law of conservation of matter, but cradle-to-cradle design could help reduce our waste and environmental harm by 80%. The United States produces the most waste in the world, “enough MSW to fill a bumper-to-bumper convoy of garbage trucks long enough to circle the earth’s equator almost six times” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 576). 

Figure 6. Composition of MSW in the US and Where It Goes After Collection (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 576).

Many people have the misconception that landfills operate as huge compost piles where biodegradable waste will eventually break down in a short time. But in reality, decomposition takes a long time in a landfill due to lack of sunlight, water, and air.

Hazardous waste contributes to pollution, natural capital degradation, health problems and premature deaths. This type of waste is corrosives, toxic, flammable, can be explosive and cause disease. The two major types of hazardous wastes are organic compounds and toxic heavy metals. E-waste is a large source of this type of waste. Much of e-waste is shipped to foreign countries where the labor is cheap and environmental regulations are lax. “More developed countries produce 80-90% of the world’s hazardous wastes, and the United States is the largest producer” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 577). This means as human societies progress, we degrade the environment that allowed us to do so.

#HowShouldWeDealWithSolidWaste?

We should deal with solid waste by reducing our production of it, reuse or recycle it and safely dispose of it. Waste management is imperative to dealing with solid waste, but prevention and reduction are more effective. Integrated waste management combines all of these approaches.

Figure 7. Priorities Recommended by the US National Academy of Sciences for Dealing with MSW compared with The Reality (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 579).

The 4 R’s by priority are 

Refuse: Don’t use it.

Reduce: Use less of it.

Reuse: use it over and over.

Recycle: Upcycle, compost, and follow local recycling rules.  

6 Strategies that industries and communities can use to reduce resource use, waste and pollution:

Change industrial processes to eliminate or reduce harmful chemical use.

Redesign manufacturing processes and products to use less material and energy. 

Develop products that are easy to repair, reuse, remanufacture, compost or recycle.

Establish cradle-to cradle responsibility laws.

Eliminate and/or reduce unnecessary packaging.

Use fee-per-bag solid waste collection systems. 

#WhyAreWeRefusingReducingReusingAndRecyclingSoImportant?

We refuse, reduce, reuse and recycle what we use to decrease our consumption of matter and energy resources, reduce pollution and natural capital degradation and save money. 

Questions to ask yourself to avoid a throwaway economy:

Do I really need this? (refuse)

How many of these do I actually need? (reduce)

Is this something I can use more than once? (reuse)

Can this be converted into the same or a different product when I am done with it? (recycle)

Figure 8. Some Ways to Reuse (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 582). 

Businesses are also coming out of people’s desire to avoid waste, such as rental clothing, furniture and child’s toys. Additionally recycling businesses are arising to give people points for recycling, or to recycle non recyclable products. Terracycle is a company that partners with brands to recycle their packaging in order to divert it from a landfill (Terracycle 2020).

Recycling is a complex and expensive process, so it is not the most sustainable form of waste diversion. Additionally, incorrect sorting for recycling is ineffective. It is recommended that households and businesses understand this issue and separate their trash into plastics, metals, glass, paper and compost. This puts a lot of owness on the consumer, which can empower them or make them feel inconvenienced. 

Figure 9. Advantages and Disadvantages of Recycling (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 585). 

#WhatAreTheAdvantagesAndDisadvantagesOfBurningOrBuryingSolidWaste?

Figure 10. Trade-Offs of Burning Solid Waste (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 587). 

Figure 11. Trade-Offs of Landfills (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 588). 

#HowShouldWeDealWithHazardousWaste?

We should deal with hazardous waste by producing less of it, reusing or recycling it, converting it to less hazardous materials, and safely storing it. Most countries follow these priorities poorly. The long-term solution is prevention, but short term the other options will suffice. Hazardous waste can be detoxified physically, chemically or biologically. Additionally plasma gasification can be used to treat the waste, but it is quite expensive. Burial of hazardous waste is the most common form of storage in the United States and abroad due to low cost. But the environmental costs of leakage into groundwater are high. The current regulation for this type of storage is inadequate. Actually, 95% of the hazardous and toxic wastes produced in the United States are unregulated, and even less are regulated in less developed countries. The consequences of this is that about $1.7 trillion is spent on the cleanup of toxic waste, not including legal fees. And we pay for it through our taxes!

#HowCanASocietyShiftToALowWasteEconomy?

“Shifting to a low waste economy will require individuals and businesses to reduce resource use and to reuse and recycle most solid and hazardous wastes at local, national and global levels” (Miller and Spoolman 2016, 594). Bottom-up campaigns are essential in the process including sit-ins, concerts, protests, rallies, and petitions. Manufacturers of waste feel that it needs to be managed, while citizens feel that waste needs to be reduced; it is a constant struggle. 

3 Factors hinder reuse and recycling

The market prices of products are not applying full-cost pricing.

The economic playing field is uneven because resource extraction usually receives more subsidies than reuse and recycling industries.

The demand and the price paid for recycled goods fluctuates since it isn’t a high priority for consumers.

We can reverse these factors by attaching deposit fees or fee-per bag charges and governments can pass laws requiring companies to take back, recycle and/or reuse packaging and e-waste. Overall, a change in mindset must be adopted to the way in which we consume in the following ways.

We must understand:

Everything is connected.

There is no “throw away” for our wastes.

Producers and polluters should pay for their produced wastes.

We can mimic nature by reusing, recycling, composting or exchanging MSW.

(Miller and Spoolman 2016, 596). 

Additionally, I watched No Impact Man for this post, where Colin Beavin asks, what if we tried not to hurt the environment? And what are we willing to give up to do so? He spent a year living zero waste, only buying food within a 250 mile radius, and only traveling by foot and bike. He shopped at local farmers markets, turned off his electricity, homemade cleaning products and in the end adopted a different mindset towards life. Beavin began to understand the disconnection between humans and nature through consumption. Personally, I have been pursuing zero waste for 3 years, and even I thought the guy was a bit extreme. His critics felt the same way. In the film, Beavin noted how some environmentalists had reached out to him saying he was giving the rest of us a bad rep. But I think it’s important for people to understand the validity of the experiment, and how little thought goes into most peoples’ everyday impact. This strikes a nerve in American culture because we are a society built on American corporate capitalism. Through No Impact Man, Beavin also balanced the question of individual versus collective action. Some other critics said if we could do it without government and business aid, then what’s the problem? I think the problem is that living how Colin lived is seen as extreme and unrealistic for most people due to the inconveniences it causes. Individual action requires people to be engaged, and creates the demand for the world to look differently. 

Word Count: 2346 Words

Question: How can zero-waste lifestyles be more attractive and accessible?

Works Cited

Miller, G. Tyler, and Scott E. Spoolman. 2016. Living in the Environment: Nineteenth Edition, 441-596. Canada: Cengage Learning.

Wurmfeld, E. (Producer), & Gabbert, L. (Director). (2009). No Impact Man [Motion Picture]. Toronto, ON : Mongrel Media.

Terracyle. 2020. “About Terracycle.” Accessed April 6, 2020. https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/about-terracycle?utm_campaign=admittance&utm_medium=menu&utm_source=www.terracycle.com

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Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Homework Assignment Help

Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing is an essential part of manufacturing that includes the social and technological aspects of the design, synthesis, processing, and use of products in continuous or discrete manufacturing industries. Environmentally conscious technologies and design practices will allow manufacturers to minimize waste and to turn waste into a profitable product. MechanicalAssignmentExperts.com assures for the best quality Compliance of your Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Assignment help. We take deep consideration for all those who seek Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing problem solution and offer them best kind of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing project help. To help our Endeavour to deliver the quality service we have come up with the online chat support to keep the Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Students in constant touch of the experts.

[mechanicalexpts-blog]

Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Homework Assignment Help

Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing is an essential part of manufacturing that includes the social and technological aspects of the design, synthesis, processing, and use of products in continuous or discrete manufacturing industries. MechanicalAssignmentExperts.com assures for the best quality Compliance of your Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing Assignment help. We take deep consideration for all those who seek Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing problem solution and offer them best kind of Environmentally Conscious Design and Manufacturing project help. To help our Endeavour to deliver the quality service we have come up with the online chat support to keep the Students in constant touch of the experts.