#Glycoconjugates

[glycodepot]

Heroes of Cellular Communication: Understanding Sialic Acid Dynamics

In the intricate world of cellular biology, certain molecules play pivotal roles that often go unnoticed. Sialic acids are among these, acting as vital components on cell surfaces, influencing interactions and communication. These negatively charged sugars are predominantly found as terminal residues in glycoconjugates, contributing to numerous biological processes. Their presence is crucial in processes such as immune response regulation, pathogen recognition, and cell signaling. Without these sugars, cellular functions could be significantly impaired, affecting overall health.

The Role of Sialic Acids in Human Milk

Human milk is renowned for its complex composition, providing essential nutrients and bioactive components to infants. Among these constituents are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are the third most abundant solid component in breast milk. HMOs are complex carbohydrates that serve various functions, including promoting the development of a healthy gut microbiota and supporting the infant's immune system.

Notably, sialic acids are integral components of certain HMOs, such as 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose, which have been identified for their potential health benefits in early development. Research suggests that these compounds may play a role in cognitive development and neurological function, further emphasizing their significance. Their ability to deter harmful pathogens by acting as decoys also makes them an essential part of infant nutrition.

Sialin: The Sialic Acid Transporter

Within the cellular landscape, the sialic acid transporter, known as sialin, is crucial for maintaining sialic acid homeostasis. Sialin is a lysosomal membrane protein encoded by the SLC17A5 gene. Its primary function is to export free sialic acid from lysosomes into the cytoplasm, where it can be reutilized or further metabolized.

This transport is essential for the degradation of glycoproteins and the recycling of sialic acids, ensuring that cells maintain their surface characteristics and communication capabilities. Without proper functioning of sialin, cells may experience disruptions in molecular interactions, leading to downstream metabolic complications. The significance of this transporter in neurological processes highlights its potential as a target for future medical research and treatments.

Implications of Sialin Dysfunction

Mutations or deficiencies in the sialic acid transporter can lead to severe metabolic disorders. For instance, Salla disease and infantile sialic acid storage disorder (ISSD) are genetic conditions resulting from defective sialin function. These disorders are characterized by the accumulation of free sialic acid within lysosomes, leading to a range of neurological impairments and developmental delays.

Understanding the mechanics of sialin and its role in sialic acid transport is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for such conditions. Studies are ongoing to explore potential gene therapies and pharmacological interventions that may alleviate symptoms. Early detection and intervention remain crucial for managing these disorders effectively.

Sialic Acids and Gut Microbiota

Beyond their role in human milk and cellular function, sialic acids also influence the composition and behavior of gut microbiota. Certain beneficial bacteria in the infant gut can utilize sialylated HMOs as a nutrient source, promoting their growth and contributing to a balanced microbial environment.

This interaction underscores the importance of sialic acids in early-life nutrition and the establishment of a healthy gut ecosystem. A well-balanced microbiome is linked to improved digestion, enhanced immunity, and even better cognitive function. Understanding how sialic acids support gut health could lead to advancements in probiotic formulations and dietary supplements.

Conclusion

The study of sialic acids and the sialic acid transporter reveals a complex network of biological interactions essential for human health. From their presence in human milk oligosaccharides to their role in cellular communication and gut microbiota modulation, sialic acids are fundamental to numerous physiological processes.

Continued research in this area holds promise for advancing our understanding of metabolic disorders and developing nutritional strategies to support early development. Future breakthroughs in glycoscience may open doors to innovative medical treatments and dietary applications that enhance human health at every stage of life.

[fcadcom]

GalNAc-L96 – A Key Molecule for Efficient RNA Targeted Delivery Introduction to GalNAc-L96 GalNAc-L96 (CAS 1159408-62-4) is a triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand primarily used for the synthesis of GalNAc-siRNA. GalNAc is a specific ligand for ASGPR (Asialoglycoprotein Receptor), enabling liver-targeted delivery, which is a crucial aspect of modern RNA delivery technology. Applications and Advantages of GalNAc-L96 - Precise Liver-Targeted Delivery: ASGPR is highly expressed on liver cell surfaces, allowing siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), or other nucleic acid drugs conjugated with GalNAc-L96 to efficiently enter liver cells and enhance therapeutic effects. - Enhanced Bioavailability of siRNA: Traditional siRNA delivery methods (such as lipid nanoparticles, LNPs) often lead to non-specific distribution, whereas GalNAc-conjugated siRNA (GalNAc-siRNA) enables more efficient and safer RNA interference (RNAi) therapy. - Reduced Systemic Toxicity: Due to the high specificity of GalNAc delivery, compared to LNPs, GalNAc-siRNA exhibits lower immunogenicity and reduced side effects, making it a preferred strategy for RNA drug development. - Improved Stability and Optimized Pharmacokinetics: By optimizing the structure of GalNAc-L96, its affinity for ASGPR can be enhanced, thereby increasing hepatic cell uptake and prolonging in vivo half-life. Watson’s Unique Advantages in the GalNAc Field - Advanced Synthesis Techniques and Purity Control - Watson leverages cutting-edge glycochemistry and nucleic acid modification technologies to provide high-purity, high-quality GalNAc-L96 and its derivatives, ensuring optimal outcomes in RNAi and ASO drug development. - Comprehensive Support from Lab to Industrial Scale - Watson not only supplies small-scale research-grade products but also has pilot and industrial-scale production capabilities, meeting the demands from early-stage research to clinical production. - Strict adherence to quality management systems (ISO certification) ensures product quality and stability. - Strong Technical Expertise and Industry Recognition - With years of experience in glycoconjugates and RNA delivery, Watson collaborates with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies worldwide, driving advancements in RNA therapeutics. - Watson’s high-end customization and innovative synthesis capabilities make it a key global partner in RNA delivery technologies. Conclusion As a core ligand for RNA-targeted delivery, GalNAc-L96 plays a vital role in siRNA and ASO therapies. With cutting-edge synthesis technologies, strict quality control, and strong customization capabilities, Watson holds a distinct competitive advantage in this field, supporting breakthroughs in RNA delivery technology. If you are interested in GalNAc-related products or RNA delivery solutions, feel free to contact Watson for more information! Sales Link GalNAc-L96 – A Key Molecule for Efficient RNA Targeted Delivery on Watson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XIyWFZHIMw Read the full article

[jobrxiv]

Research Associate in Glycoconjugate Chemistry and Biochemistry University of British Columbia See the full job description on jobRxiv: https://jobrxiv.org/job/university-of-british-columbia-27778-research-associate-in-glycoconjugate-chemistry-and-biochemistry/?feed_id=87970 #biochemistry #chemistry #ScienceJobs #hiring #research

[bookpiofficial]

Determination of Salivary Glycoconjugates and Salivary Ros Levels in Chronic Periodontitis | Chapter  11 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

The research was done as a first step toward using salivary glycoconjugates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as accurate indicators of chronic periodontitis. Glycoconjugates are crucial biological compounds that serve a variety of roles. They are made up of oligosaccharides of various sizes and complexity that are connected to a non-sugar component such as a lipid or protein. Glycoconjugate structures are frequently convoluted, with complicated biochemical routes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species is thought to play a role in the disease's severity. ROS are extremely unstable and have a short half-life, making them difficult to detect. However, at times of stress or disease, ROS levels can skyrocket, causing severe cell structural damage. Author(S) Details Jenny Susan Roy Department of Periodontic, Mount Zion Medical College, Adoor, India. Sajith Sebastian Mount Zion Medical College, Adoor, India. Nandini Manjunath Department of Periodontics, AJ Medical College, Mangalore, India. Joanne Mary Sajith Technical and IT Assistant, India. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6669

[oriyamiryu]

“The Rains’ End”

…….. okay. So. Painting on silk is evil…. Evilllll

The silk can and will eat all the paint and the fine grain weave!!!! Hhhrhhhhgg

It turned out okay in the end (just, yanno, took too many hours too paint for its size…..) Anyways due to the presence of hydroxylysine-glycosides in some of the collagen present in bone tissue I’ve furthered my evidence for my “Everything is Bread” theory (it is!!! - but basically these funky amino acids - the hydroxylysines - are structural beings to a Fibril diameter degree but they also act as docking ports for wayward carbohydrates (glycolysation!) and the resultant carbohydrate covalently bonded (here to an amino acid but it could be too a lipid or somth else too) is a glycoconjugate, or a glycan! So your bones (and various other collagen possessing tissues) contain a carbohydrate family and so you too! Are bread *tapes hydroxyl groups to you and throws breadcrumbs at Ye* GET GLYCOLSYLATED FOOL

[draindelete2]

What Are Peptides

Peptides Advantages - What Are They?

Content

Iaaf Values Board Choice: Timeline

Blood Sugar Level Ranges.

Peptides.

Is It Worth Taking Ostarine? Results And Advantages Of Ostarina.

Rite-Flex collagen peptides is produced via Rousselot's cutting-edge procedures with an unsinkable dedication to top quality, safety and sustainability. 80-- 90% are either type I, II or III, with kind I being one of the most common. The characteristic impacts of specific amino acid deposits on peptide fragmentation behavior have been examined carefully by Papayannopoulos. An internal piece with just a solitary side chain developed by a combination of a kind as well as y type cleavage is called an immonium ion. These ions are identified with the 1 letter code for the corresponding amino acid. Typically, these are developed by a combination of b kind andy type bosom to create the detailed framework, an amino-acylium ion. Sometimes, inner bosom ions can be formed by a mix of a type and y kind cleavage, an amino-immonium ion.

Does Vitaminhoppe sell SARMs?

SARMs are drugs and they are not dietary supplements. Using the internet one can easily find SARMs for sale. The bigger retail stores like GNC and Vitamin Shoppe do not carry them, but the smaller independently owned supplement stores are notorious for distributing SARMs.

The major teams of glycoconjugates are the glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids and lipopolysaccharides. The very first three of tbese are considered in the here and now file.

Iaaf Ethics Board Choice: Timeline

BNP dimension is utilized to look for proof of cardiac arrest as well as are used as an analysis tool. There are two different sorts of BNP levels which can be determined BNP and also NT Pro-BNP, worths for these are rather different. The normal actions of the natriuretic peptides are to help the heart in dealing with quantity overload as well as stretch. As the most plentiful healthy protein in the body, collagen serves a number of crucial architectural features. Nutritional collagen is harder for our body to absorb, as compared to hydrolysed variations.

If the pores of the gel are big, the amino acids will certainly relocate at a much faster price to the electrodes contrasted to in a gel which has smaller pores. If the temperature of the system is high, the kinetic energy of the amino acids boosts and hence the amino acids take a trip to the billed electrode at a quicker rate. Amino acids that have smaller sized alkyl chains connected to them relocate at a much faster rate than amino acids that have a bigger alkyl chain attached to them. Amino acids that have a bigger fee will move at a quicker rate contrasted to the amino acids that have a smaller charge. The fee is not because of the amino acid itself but as a result of the charge on the side chain.

Blood Sugar Level Varieties.

An additional little research study discovered that taking a day-to-day collagen peptide supplement for 6 months brought about renovations in nail toughness and development. Nevertheless, this only included 25 individuals, as well as there was no sugar pill team-- which reduces the stamina of this proof. There is some emerging evidence which recommends that taking hydrolysed collagen supplements may help to reduce creases and also boost collagen degrees in the skin, in addition to skin hydration as well as skin flexibility. Nevertheless, there are problems with some of the studies around, as an example some are very small, and do not utilize a control group.

Plumps, firms as well as reduces the appearance of great lines by boosting collagen production. Oily skin can be a problem and also the hardest skin type to deal with. Typically, you are glossy with a lot of oily spots, your pores are bigger and there are a great deal of blackheads and acnes.

Peptides.

Inner pieces are labelled with their 1 letter amino acid code. In the liver the majority of collagen is either kind 1 or type 3. The removal of the propeptides advertises advancement of collagen fibrils. The pro-peptides may either be preserved in the matrix or released into the blood circulation. Fibrosis occuring in the liver leads to the deposition of collagen and launch of propeptides, mainly P3NP. In information BPC157 Italy , 52 individuals with osteo arthritis of the knee were offered 10 mg bioactive undenatured type II collagen or glucosamine hydrochloride plus chondroitin daily for three months.

DRS-Labs Launches New Research Line of SARMs - Markets Insider

DRS-Labs Launches New Research Line of SARMs.

Posted: Mon, 13 Aug 2018 07:00:00 GMT [source]

However, to date, there are no researches on the metabolic engineering of the proteolytic system from lactobacilli. Numerous strategies have actually likewise been attempted to increase the return of peptide production by CEPs.

Is It Worth Taking Ostarine? Impacts As Well As Benefits Of Ostarina.

It is also important to note that collagen supplements are usually derived from fish-- therefore any person that has a fish allergic reaction need to prevent this sort of supplement. Vegan collagen supplements are offered, which are made from genetically modified bacteria and also yeast. There is very little proof to suggest that collagen supplements boost digestive tract health and wellness.

GTx Announces Results from Preclinical Studies of SARMs in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Models Published in Human Molecular Genetics - Business Wire

GTx Announces Results from Preclinical Studies of SARMs in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Models Published in Human Molecular Genetics.

Posted: Wed, 03 May 2017 07:00:00 GMT [source]

According to the "barrel-stave version," the peptides insert perpendicularly right into the bilayer while recruitment of additional peptides subsequently results in development of a peptide-lined transmembrane pore. In this pore, the peptides are aligned with the hydrophobic side dealing with the lipid core of the membrane and the hydrophilic areas facing the indoor area of the pore. According to the "toroidal-pore version," insertion of peptides compels the phospholipid to flex continually from one brochure to the other, leading to a pore lined by both peptides and also the head groups of the phospholipids. Finally, in the "carpet model," build-up of peptides on the membrane surface area triggers tension in the bilayer that eventually causes disruption of the membrane layer and formation of micelles. AMPs are transformative saved in the genome as well as produced by all life forms, from prokaryotes to humans. In higher microorganisms, AMPs make up important elements of the innate immunity, shielding the host versus infections.

A buffer remedy resists the adjustment in the pH of the option. The barrier service is maintained the Isoelectric Factor of one known amino acid. The amino acids with Isoelectric Factors greater than the pH of the buffer solution become positively billed. The amino acids with Isoelectric Factors lower than the pH of the buffer service end up being adversely billed. The amino acids with the Isoelectric factor that amounts to the pH of the buffer option stay uncharged.

What is the safest SARM to take?

A three-week trial at Boston University demonstrated that LGD-4033, a SARM developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals, was safe and tolerable in healthy men, producing “significant gains in muscle mass and strength” without raising levels of a protein linked to prostate cancer.

In the condensed system of symbols for sugar residues the common arrangement and ring size are indicated in the sign. Hence, Girl signifies D-galactopyranose; Man, D-mannopyranose; Fuc, L-fucopyranose; GlcNAc, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine; Neu5Ac N-acetylneuraminic acid. The symbol Sia stands for sialic acid, a general term that can likewise be utilized when the precise structure is unidentified. Whenever the setup or ring size is found to differ from the common one it should be suggested by using the ideal icons for the extensive system.

The longer the chain of the peptide, the longer the hydrolysis process will certainly happen. This is due to the fact that even more time is required to damage the peptide bond as well as other bonds like Van der Wall forces of attraction between the atoms. Isoelectric Factor is the pH worth of the amino acids when they are added in water. This is due to the dissociation of the H+ ion from the amino acids. Our collagen peptides are made from the finest pasture-raised bovine hides. Studies reveal that 5g to 10g of collagen peptides daily have shown statistically significant benefits. Peptan is the worlds leading collagen brand generated by Rousselot.

The classification of glycolipids has been the topic of an earlier record, which is now under alteration. Identification of enhanced strain versions or even metabolic engineering is an additional approach.

UK Sarms ostarine has given me excellent recomp outcomes at 10mg/day and also helped me push past weights I was previously stuck at for months.

Selective androgen receptor modulators are a class of androgen receptor medicines, which have a high capacity to be performance boosters in human and also animal sports.

In this study, we have actually clarified as well as confirmed the chemical structure of 2 major equine arylpropionamide-based SARM metabolites utilizing a mix of chemical synthesis and fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis.

you can find more information on workflow rules on peptides-uk crm's help pages here. was so amazed with the ostarine that I have actually recently gotten RAD-140 for my following cycle as I currently require to focus on structure muscle mass in advance of my following comp.

Arylpropionamides are among the major SARM classes as well as get swiftly metabolized substantially making complex easy detection of transgression in blood or urine example evaluation.

Particular drug-derived metabolites are called for as references due to a short half-life of the parent compound however are typically lacking.

However, these researches contrasted the effect of resistance training plus a collagen supplement, with resistance training with no type of healthy protein after training. As protein is essential for muscle mass fixing, these researches suggest that collagen is better than consuming no healthy protein after resistance training. However there isn't adequate proof to recommend that collagen is better than various other types of protein in terms of muscle mass growth and also repair work. In 2011 the European Food Security Authority reported there was insufficient proof to declare that hydrolysed collagen aids in maintaining joint wellness in energetic individuals. Since then, a few tiny research studies have located that eating collagen may aid in lowering joint discomfort related to work out. There is likewise some proof that collagen supplements can aid with minimizing pain related to osteoarthritis in the short-term. Nonetheless, these research studies don't supply proof as to whether collagen supplements help in athletic efficiency, or the recovery from joint injuries.

On top of that, pathogen insult will bring about growth of dendritic cells and succeeding initiation of flexible resistance. Up- or down-regulation of feedbacks by AMPs is shown by environment-friendly arrows. Remarkably, the membrane-destabilizing activity of AMPs is likewise made use of in so called Artilysins, which have actually just recently revealed potential to properly target immune and persistent Gram-negative infections.

A small number of human studies have actually also discovered that taking collagen supplements may assist to maintain and enhance bone mass. However, comparable to the research studies associated with muscular tissue mass, we can not rule out that the favorable effect of collagen in these studies may result from a rise in total protein consumption, as opposed to a specific advantage pertaining to collagen.

As an example, enzymatic immobilization (cross-linked CEP accumulations) was established to increase task and also security of CEPs. This not only supports the concept that lactobacilli can produce a huge selection of BAPs, however also highlights the need to carefully pick the pressures that will be used for BAP manufacturing. The rapid bactericidal activity of AMPs makes them appealing prospects for therapeutic anti-infectives. Schematic illustration of immunomodulatory tasks of AMPs.

Although icons such as Gal as well as Man work in representing oligosaccharide structures they ought to not be made use of in the text to stand for monosaccharides. Various sorts of substance containing carbs covalently related to various other types of chemical component are categorized under the general name of glycoconjugates.

[jobrxiv]

Research Associate in Glycoconjugate Chemistry and Biochemistry University of British Columbia See the full job description on jobRxiv: https://jobrxiv.org/job/university-of-british-columbia-27778-research-associate-in-glycoconjugate-chemistry-and-biochemistry/?feed_id=87326 #biochemistry #chemistry #ScienceJobs #hiring #research

[superbbasementbear-blog]

Yến sào có công dụng chính là bồi bổ sức khỏe và tăng cường sinh lực

Yến sào, hay còn gọi là tổ chim yến. Đây là món cao lương mỹ vị được tìm thấy ở các quốc gia Đông Nam Á như: Nhật Bản, Triều Tiên, Trung Quốc cách đây 400 năm trước. Món yến sào đã được người Trung Hoa ngày xưa dùng trong các yến tiệc của vua chúa, dành cho giới quý tộc và hoàng cung.

1. Yến sào được tìm thấy khi nào ?

Theo tuyên truyền nhiều năm về trước thì Trung Quốc chính là đất nước có công khai phá ra món ăn này. Ngay từ những ngày đầu xuất hiện, yến sào đã được dùng làm món ăn để dâng lên các bậc vua chúa.

Các phương tiện kỹ thuật thời đó tuy còn hoang sơ nhưng nhiều lang y đã nắm rõ được tác dụng của tổ yến. Cũng chính bởi khả năng cung cấp nhiều nguồn dinh dưỡng cho con người mà yến sào đã được xếp vào một trong tám loại thực phẩm quý thời bây giờ.

Ở Việt Nam, yến sào được xếp vào hàng Bát Trân (tám món ăn cao lương mĩ vị như bào ngư, vi cá, gân nai, hải sâm, bong bóng cá, sò điệp, gan ngỗng). Những món ăn này ngày chỉ dùng để dâng lên các bậc vua chúa.

2. Yến sào được tìm thấy ở đâu ?

Các tổ chim yến thường làm tổ ở các đảo trên các vách đá và việc khai thác yến sào thường rất nguy hiểm do những giàn giáo cao bằng tre, công cụ thô sơ, vách đá hiểm trở.

Ở Việt Nam, tổ yến được tìm thấy ở một số hòn đảo của các tỉnh Nam trung Bộ như tỉnh Quảng Nam, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa,… nơi đây có rất nhiều yến đến làm tổ và cung cấp các loại yến sào có giá trị kinh tế cao. Ngoài ra, tổ yến còn có ở Indonesia, Malaysia và Thái Lan.

Hiện nay, do nhu cầu sử dụng tổ yến ngày càng phổ biến nên hiện nay tại Khánh Hòa, Nha Trang, đã có nhiều gia đình nuôi yến trong nhà để thu hoạch yến sào.

Những căn nhà nuôi yến được cải tạo để gần giống với điều kiện tự nhiên nơi yến thường hay làm tổ. Yến sào ở Nha Trang được biết đến nhiều vì chất lượng yến cũng như đến đây để được thưởng thức các món yến sào thường xuyên tại các nhà hàng sang trọng.

Theo các nhà khoa học ở Viện Khoa học và Công nghệ Phương Nam, một trong những nguyên nhân làm giá yến sào Việt Nam cao hơn hẳn các nước có nghề nuôi chim yến như: Malaysia, Indonesia là yến sào Việt Nam chất lượng cao hơn.

Tổ yến có màu trắng hơn, kích thước lớn hơn, mỗi kg yến chỉ cần 90 tổ, trong khi tại Malaysia phải 110–120 tổ mới được 1 kg yến. Sở dĩ như vậy là do ở Việt Nam nguồn thức ăn cho chim yến khá phong phú, đa dạng, khí hậu thích hợp cho loài chim này.

3. Thu hoạch yến sào như thế nào ?

Tổ yến được tìm thấy trên những vách đá, hang động nơi chim yến sinh sống. Tổ yến được thu hoạch là tổ chim trắng Aerodramus fuciphagus (yến Hàng) và tổ chim yến đen Aerodramus maximus (yến Tổ đen).

Nhưng chỉ có loại tổ yến của yến Hàng là được biết đến dưới tên Yến Đảo trên thị trường. Do tính chất nguy hiểm và hạn chế số lượng đảo có thể khai thác nên loại yến sào này thường có giá cao nhất so với các loại yến sào khác trên thị trường. Tổ trắng và tổ màu hồng máu (yến Huyết) được cho là giàu dinh dưỡng hơn và quý hơn.

Để thu hoạch tổ yến trên những vách đá dựng đứng, cheo leo, người thợ phải có sức khỏe dẻo dai, đầy kinh nghiệm. Tất cả “đồ nghề” của họ chỉ vỏn vẹn thang tre, dây thừng, sao chĩa.

Để có được những chiếc tổ yến, họ phải trèo lên những vách đá cheo leo, lách mình qua những khe đá hiểm trở hoặc đong đưa xuống những hõm vực sâu hút. Chỉ một chút sơ sẩy thôi là họ có thể nguy hiểm đến tính mạng. Chính vì thế mới biết nghề khai thác yến rất gian nan.

4. Dưỡng chất có trong yến sào

Yến sào chứa hàm lượng protein rất cao (khoảng 46–60% tùy theo vùng khai thác) gồm 18 loại axit amin, 31 nguyên tố vi lượng cần thiết cho sự phát triển của trẻ và bồi dưỡng cho người già, 7 loại đường (carbohydrat) thiết yếu.

Trong tự nhiên có khoảng 200 loại đường nhưng chỉ có 8 loại đường là tham gia vào các chức năng của cơ thể người, 7 trong số đó được tìm thấy trong yến sào.

4.1 Các axit amin có hàm lượng cao như:

N-acetylneuraminic acid (axit sialic) (8.6%) phục hồi nhanh khi cơ thể bị nhiễm xạ hay tổn thương hồng cầu, tăng cường khả năng miễn dịch, đẩy lùi vi khuẩn, virus.

N-acetylgalactosamine (7.3%) liên quan đến chức năng của khớp thần kinh, sự liên kết giữa các tế bào thần kinh và nếu thiếu hụt có thể gây ra ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến bộ nhớ.

Proline (5.27%) và axit aspartic (4.69%) tăng trưởng và phục hồi các mô, cơ, da và tế bào.

Leucine (4.56%) điều chỉnh hàm lượng đường trong máu.

Valine (4.12%) chữa lành tế bào cơ và hình thành tế bào mới.

N-acetylglucosamine (5.3%) giúp phục hồi sụn bao khớp trong các trường hợp thoái hóa khớp.

Phenylalanine (4.50%) bồi bổ não và tăng cường trí nhớ.

Threonine (2.69%) rất tốt cho hoạt động gan, tăng cường hệ miễn dịch và thúc đẩy cơ thể hấp thụ mạnh các dưỡng chất.

Histidine (2.09%) giúp cơ thể phát triển và liên kết mô cơ bắp.

Tyrosine (3.58%) có tác dụng phục hồi nhanh khi cơ thể bị nhiễm xạ hay tổn thương hồng cầu.

Glycine (1.99%) tốt cho da.

Isoleucine (2.04%) phục hồi sức khỏe.

Methionine (0.46%) hỗ trợ chống viêm khớp, tốt cho cơ bắp.

Lysine (1.75%) tăng khả năng hấp thụ canxi, giúp cho xương chắc khỏe, chống lão hóa cột sống.

Cystein (0.49%) tăng cường trí nhớ, tăng dẫn truyền xung thần kinh, tăng hấp thu vitamin D từ ánh sáng mặt trời.

Trytophan (0.7%) ngăn ngừa ung thư.

Các axit amin khác: alanin (1.4%), serine (1.87%), axit glutamic (3.6%).

Carbohydrates (20–30%):

fucose (0.7%) và galactose (16.9%) tác động đến sự phát triển của não bộ và các tế bào thông tin liên lạc.

4.2 Các khoáng chất cần thiết cho cơ thể :

Caxi (4,9%) Hổ trợ phát triển hệ xương ở trẻ, ngăn ngừa thiếu canxi phụ nữ mang thai, người già

Mg (1,9%) Hổ trợ dẫn truyền cho cơ thể hấp thụ được canxi

Cu (5.87%), Zn (1.88%), brom, mangan: có lợi cho thần kinh và trí nhớ.

Crom: kích thích tiêu hóa.

Selen: chống lão hóa, chống phóng xạ.

Lưu ý: Các thành phần trong tổ yến ít nhiều trên lệch tùy thuộc vào vùng khai thác.

5. Tác dụng của yến sào đối với sức khỏe

Nhiều nghiên cứu về tác dụng của yến sào đối với sức khỏe đã chỉ ra rằng yến sào có thể kích thích tăng trưởng tế bào và biểu bì, giúp sửa chữa các tế bào bị tổn thương và tăng cường hệ thống miễn dịch.

Gần đây, một số carbohydrat bao gồm axit sialic và các hợp chất glycoconjugate (phức liên hợp của chuỗi oligosaccarid với protein và lipid) được phát hiện trong yến sào là những hợp chất tham gia vào các tương tác ligand — receptor sinh học quan trọng.

Các nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy yến sào có thể vô hiệu hóa virus cúm trong các tế bào và ức chế sự ngưng kết hồng cầu của virus cúm trong hồng cầu của người, gia cầm và lợn.

Khả năng này có được do dư lượng của chuỗi đường syalyl trong yến sào và được cải thiện đáng kể khi được xử lý với enzyme tuyến tụy pancreatin F có chứa protease để thủy phân các glycoprotein thành các glycopeptide.

Hiện nay, yến sào đang được nghiên cứu điều trị nhiễm HIV-AIDS vì nó kích thích sinh trưởng những tế bào bạch cầu có tác dụng sinh kháng thể. Yến sào cũng được khuyên dùng cho bệnh nhân ung thư sau xạ trị, bệnh nhân sau mổ giúp cơ thể phục hồi nhanh.

Theo đông y, yến sào vị ngọt tính bình vào hai kinh phế và vị nên có tác dụng làm sạch phổi, tăng đề kháng với siêu vi, các bệnh cảm cúm và triệu chứng dị ứng.

6. Tác dụng của yến sào đối với sức khỏe phụ nữ

Khi nói đến lợi ích của yến sào đối với phụ nữ, đầu tiên phải nhắc đến khả năng bồi bổ sức khỏe tuyệt vời của nó. Vì trong yến sào có chứa khoảng 18 loại axit amin.

Trong đó, có rất nhiều axit amin quan trọng mà cơ thể không tự tổng hợp được. Ngoài ra, với hơn 30 nguyên tố vi lượng khác trong thành phần của tổ yến sẽ giúp gìn giữ, cải thiện sức khỏe và giảm căng thẳng cực kỳ tốt. Dưới đây là một vài công dụng của yến sào đối với sức khỏe của chị em:

Giúp tăng cường hệ thống miễn dịch của cơ thể, phòng ngừa được nhiều bệnh, nâng cao thể chất.

Giúp tăng cường trí nhớ, tăng dẫn truyền xung thần kinh.

Tốt cho hệ tiêu hóa. Tăng khả năng hấp thu dinh dưỡng của cơ thể, đặc biệt là canxi và vitamin D.

Tăng cường khả năng trao đổi chất.

Cải thiện hệ thống hô hấp, giảm ho, tiêu đờm.

Tốt cho gan và thận, giúp thanh lọc cơ thể tốt hơn.

Cải thiện chức năng tình dục. Phụ nữ bị lãnh cảm hay khả năng tình dục kém sử dụng yến sào sẽ rất tốt.

7. Bí quyết để quý ông sở hữu một cơ thể cường tráng, khỏe mạnh

Theo những nghiên cứu gần đây, tổ yến có rất nhiều tác dụng tốt với nam giới. Chất Acid amin Methionine (0.46%) trong tổ yến đặc biệt cần thiết cho nam giới để có được cơ thể săn chắc vì nó nhanh chóng phân hủy và đốt cháy chất béo, kích thích tăng trưởng tế bào, tăng sức đề kháng cho cơ thể.

Ngoài ra, menthinine hỗ trợ chống chữa kiệt sức, viêm khớp và bệnh gan.và rối loạn sự ham muốn, đây là một chất có lợi cho sức khỏe tình dục của đàn ông cũng như phụ nữ, giữ vai trò chính trong việc điều hòa chức năng tình dục. Nó được xem là một dược phẩm hỗ trợ điều trị rối loạn chức năng tình dục, đặc biệt là bệnh liệt dương và lãnh cảm.

8. Trẻ em có nên dùng yến sào ?

Các nghiên cứu cho thấy yến sào rất tốt cho trẻ em bởi yến sào giúp bổ sung protein, các loại acid amin và nhiều nguyên tố vi lượng quý và để kích thích hệ tiêu hóa của trẻ.

Ngoài thành phần giàu acid amin, yến sào còn chứa nhiều Ca và Fe là các khoáng chất cần thiết mà cơ thể bé thường bị thiếu. Một số nguyên tố hiếm trong yến sào như Cr tuy có hàm lượng thấp nhưng rất quý giá trong kích thích tăng tiêu hóa hấp thu qua màng ruột.

Đây không chỉ là nguồn cung cấp đ���m cao, ít béo mà còn rất tốt cho sự phát triển xương và giúp tăng cường khả năng miễn dịch của trẻ nhờ bản thân tổ yến chứa rất nhiều sắt. Ngoài ra, tổ yến còn chứa đường galactose mà không có chất béo nên cũng là nguồn cung cấp năng lượng rất tốt.

8.1 Trẻ ở lứa tuổi ăn dặm (từ 07 tháng trở đi) là có thể sử dụng được món yến

Đặc biệt, trẻ bị suy dinh dưỡng, biếng ăn, đêm ngủ không ngon giấc, hay bị các bệnh về phổi, viêm phế quản là những trường hợp cần thiết nên bổ sung yến đều đặn. Nếu được dùng yến sào thường xuyên và đúng liều lượng (khoảng 3gram/ngày), khả năng miễn dịch, sức đề kháng của trẻ cũng được cải thiện.

Trẻ em ở độ tuổi đi học cũng nên dùng yến, nhất là trong những mùa kiểm tra thi cử, vì các nguyên tố vi lượng có trong yến sào như Mn, Cu, Zn, Br rất có ích cho quá trình ổn định thần kinh và tăng cường trí nhớ của trẻ

9. Công dụng của yến sào với người cao tuổi, người bệnh

Yến sào có công dụng chính là bồi bổ sức khỏe và tăng cường sinh lực. Đặc biệt, ngoài 18 acid amin, yến sào còn rất giàu Proline (5.27 %), Axit aspartic (4.69 %), nhiều nguyên tố quý như Ca, Fe, Mn, Br, Cu, Zn, Cr…, giúp tiêu hóa tốt hơn, làm tăng lượng hồng cầu trong máu, kích thích các tế bào sinh trưởng, phục hồi các tế bào tổn thương.

Chính vì thế, món yến hoàn toàn thích hợp cho người cao tuổi, người bệnh dùng để bồi bổ và phục hồi sức khỏe. Yến sào rất hiệu quả đối với các trường hợp bị bệnh lâu ngày, sức đề kháng bị suy giảm, người bệnh gầy yếu, tiêu hóa kém, suy giảm trí nhớ…

Các trường hợp sau phẫu thuật, sau khi chữa trị các bệnh nhiễm trùng, cần hồi phục sức khỏe… cũng rất phù hợp dùng yến sào đều đặn.

>> Trích nguồn: 7 cách chưng yến sào

[pusatsusulifelinecirebon-blog]

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1. Immunoglobulin, yaitu komponen aktif primer dalam colostrum yang berfungsi untuk menetralisir racun, virus (HIV/ AIDS, korona), dan bakteri pada sistem peredaran darah & lympha. 2. Proline-Rich Polypeptide/PRP menstabilkan sistem kekebalan tubuh 3. Lactoferin (antibakteri, anti virus, dan anti inflamasi alami) 4. Cytokines dan Lymphokines Agen pencegah/pelawan kanker) 5. Glycoprotein dan Trypsin Melindungi komponen bioaktif dalam colostrum agar tidak mudah rusak oleh asam lambung 6. Lyzozymes (membunuh patogen) 7. Oligo Polysaccharides & Glycoconjugates Mencegah masuk dan melekatnya patogen ke dalam tubuh

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•Membangun, memelihara, dan memperbaiki jaringan tulang, otot, saraf, dan jaringan kulit •Menstimulasi metabolisme lemak •Mengatur metabolisme protein •Menjaga keseimbangan kadar gula dlm darah •Mengatur zat kimia dlm otak yang berfungsi untuk mengatur mood •Mempercepat penyembuhan luka

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PENDAFTARAN DISTRIBUTOR, CALL/WA 0811-9700-400, Susu Dynamic Colostrum LIFELINE

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A. IMMUNE FACTOR / FAKTOR KEKEBALAN TUBUH, mengandung :

1. Immunoglobulin, yaitu komponen aktif primer dalam colostrum yang berfungsi untuk menetralisir racun, virus (HIV/ AIDS, korona), dan bakteri pada sistem peredaran darah & lympha. 2. Proline-Rich Polypeptide/PRP menstabilkan sistem kekebalan tubuh 3. Lactoferin (antibakteri, anti virus, dan anti inflamasi alami) 4. Cytokines dan Lymphokines Agen pencegah/pelawan kanker) 5. Glycoprotein dan Trypsin Melindungi komponen bioaktif dalam colostrum agar tidak mudah rusak oleh asam lambung 6. Lyzozymes (membunuh patogen) 7. Oligo Polysaccharides & Glycoconjugates Mencegah masuk dan melekatnya patogen ke dalam tubuh

B. Growth Factor/Faktor Pertumbuhan tubuh

•Membangun, memelihara, dan memperbaiki jaringan tulang, otot, saraf, dan jaringan kulit •Menstimulasi metabolisme lemak •Mengatur metabolisme protein •Menjaga keseimbangan kadar gula dlm darah •Mengatur zat kimia dlm otak yang berfungsi untuk mengatur mood •Mempercepat penyembuhan luka

C. Probiotik

MANFAAT BAKTERI PROBIOTIK

1. Meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh

2. Membantu penyerapan nutrisi

3. Mencegah kanker

4. Mengurangi tekanan darah tinggi

5. Menurunkan kolesterol dalam darah

6. Membantu pencernaan laktosa bagi penderita lactose intolerance.

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[uspeptides-blog]

Carbohydrate Synthesis & Peptide Synthesis

In most cases, the definition of synthesis identifies the combining of two or more entities, material or abstract, to make something new; or in a broader sense, synthesis also identifies the creation of something. We mention, more regularly than not, this term- synthesis- mainly in chemistry and biochemistry.

Carbohydrate Synthesis

If in chemistry, we call it chemical synthesis which covers a wide range of categories. Chemical synthesis is quite critical to numerous chemistry types of research as based on its new compounds with new physical or biological properties could be discovered. Also, it's indispensable in drug discovery if new drugs should be created.

Among all classifications of chemical synthesis, carbohydrate synthesis is one of them, such as the synthesis of some complicated compounds like oligosaccharide, glycan, sugar amino acid, glycopeptide, glycoconjugate, etc.

Carbohydrate is a multi-task player in living organisms, from the primary supply of energy to cell-cell interactions to cancer metastasis. Therefore, it's fair to express that carbohydrate plays a significant role in lots of buy SARMs credit card processes. However, they're hard to be synthesized due to their structural complexity.

According to a guide titled Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications, the difficulties of carbohydrate synthesis lie in these regards:

a) It's hard to distinguish the exact hydroxyl group at a certain position from other hydroxyl groups as every one of these hydroxyl groups shares similar properties.

b) Compared with other synthesis, glycosylation reactions are much difficult and consequently, will have poor yields.

c) The largest challenge is how to accomplish the required glycosides linkage in a stereo selective manner.

Peptide Synthesis

If in biochemistry, one important kind of synthesis is peptide synthesis or, quite simply, the production of peptides. Peptides are organic compounds consists of multiple amino acids linked via amide bonds.

Peptides are synthesized by coupling the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid molecule. Due to the likelihood of unintended reactions, protecting groups are often necessary. 

As to the buy peptides usa, you will find normally two types: liquid-phase peptide synthesis and solid-phase peptide synthesis (or short for SPPS). The latter one is more widely used in labs nowadays.

SPPS was pioneered by Robert Bruce Merrifield and quickly caused a paradigm shift within the peptide synthesis circle. It has transformed into the first choice to synthesize peptides and proteins in the lab. 

SPPS makes it possible for the synthesis of natural peptides, the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, peptide/protein backbone modification, and the synthesis of D-proteins, which include D-amino acids.

[helvaticacare]

THE EXCELLENT RANGE OF LECTIN CONJUGATES AND THEIR APPLICATION

WHAT ARE LECTIN CONJUGATES?

Proteins (building blocks) that attach to cells and specific carbohydrate groups on proteins or cell membrane proteins are known as lectin conjugates. They are further classified according to their amino acid sequences and biological characteristics. Lectins contain 120 amino acids that are involved in carbohydrate binding.

Because of its carbohydrate binding, lectin is employed in glycobiology to analyse cell surface glycoproteins. Lectins are synthesised in laboratories after being extracted from plant or animal components.

The capacity of Lectins to form precipitates with glycoconjugates is due to the fact that most lectin proteins are composed of non-covalently linked subunits. Agglutination of cells by Lectins is uncommon in nature and thus extremely difficult to detect.

Lectins enable scientists to investigate a wide range of biological structures and functions. Some Lectins bind to mannose or glucose residues, while others bind only to galactose residues due to their complex binding requirements. Some Lectins also require sugar-binding at specific oligosaccharide sites.

LECTINS APPLICATION

Lectins are being used in clinical laboratories to type blood cells. There is the extensive usage of Lectin in specialist applications such as-

• As chemotherapeutic agents

• In fractionation of animal cells as mitogens.

• While investigating cellular surfaces

• Lectins isolate specific cells or viruses with a mixture and study determined processes amongst several.

LECTIN IN ANIMALS

Regulate cell adhesion

• Glycoprotein synthesis is regulated by Lectins

• They can also regulate blood protein levels.

• Recognition of galactose residues on the surface of mammalian liver cells responds better to Lectins.

LECTIN IN PLANTS

Plants are naturally rich in lectins. Dietary lectins are found in protein sources such as beans and legumes, peanuts, lentils, wheat, uncooked kidney beans, fruits, and vegetables. Conversely, lectin-free diet items include pasture-raised meats, cooked sweet potatoes, cruciferous vegetables, asparagus, garlic, and onion.

Lectin activity and function in plants are both unknown. The content of Lectin in plant seeds decreases as they mature. Plant Lectin has the ability to recognise hydrophobic noncarbohydrate ligands.

Adenine, auxins, cytokinin, indole-3-acetic acid, and water-soluble porphyrins are examples. Because these compounds behave as phytohormones, their interactions may be psychologically significant.

Furthermore, the plasma membranes of human EL4 tumour cells are labelled with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheat-germ agglutinin. After the labelled intact cells are disrupted, plasma-membrane refinement is observed by ultrastructural examination of the various fractions for positive effect product on the membrane vesicles.

LECTINS AND OTHER CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING PROTEINS

Cellular proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids include a wide range of oligosaccharides. Fluorescent carbohydrate-binding derivativesMicroscopy PROTEINS and flow cytometry both use proteins to identify intracellular glycoconjugates. This is done to isolate glycoproteins on protein blots and cause agglutination of specific cell types. Lectins can also be used to detect cancer since they have changed surface glycoproteins.

LECTINS INTERCONNECTING

Biotechnology has narrowed down biorecognition molecules with diagnostic potentials in light of the different diseases that impact the human species. Particular Lectin content binds with mono- or oligosaccharides with high affinity via no covalent connection via hydrogen bonds.

Lectins from viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, mammals, and plants recognise carbohydrates in cells, tissue sections, and biological fluids. These are useful tools for diagnostic purposes. To find medicines and inhibitors, sialic acid-specific lectins such as Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin are being studied. These can remove or inhibit sialic acid in host cells, preventing it from binding.

Similarly, strong anti-HIV activity in vitro has been associated with bacterial Lectins. Large levels of algal Lectins are attracting interest for biomedical uses such as anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antinociceptive properties. Animal Lectins are important in psychological processes such metastatic cancer, apoptotic pathways, and immunomodulation.

 LECTIN INDUCED MECHANISMS OF INFLAMMATION RESPONSES

Immune systems act in two specific ways called; innate and adaptive responses. These responses are activated by a group of cells and molecules that promote the destruction of aggressive agents. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mono/macrophages can generate and release molecules called cytokines.

These molecules modulate the activation of immune cells, inflammation, and humoral responses. Biomolecules like these are the answer for adjustment of immune conditions and therapeutic applications in regards to immune response-related diseases.

Lectins are thought to contribute to the development of diseases such as celiac  disease, autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid  arthritis,  obesity,  cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. This happens through translocation across the intestinal barrier and activation of the adaptive immune system. Common high-lectin foods include grains, legumes, and nightshades.

Lectins aren’t digestible. They bind to cell membranes lining the digestive tract, where they may disrupt metabolism and cause damage. Lectin sensitivity is the body’s delayed immune response that can occur some hours to even days after these foods are consumed.

Symptoms associated with lectin sensitivities include:

•Bloating and abdominal cramps

•Painful or swollen joints

•Tiredness

•Skin problems

•Hormonal fluctuations

•Nausea

•Allergies or allergy-like symptoms

•Neurological symptoms

The highest concentrations of lectins are found in healthy foods like legumes, grains, and nightshade vegetables. Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the lectin content of these healthy foods to make them safe to eat.

Research studies have shown that by cooking, sprouting, or fermenting foods high in lectins, their lectin content can easily be reduced to negligible amounts.

Foods That Are High in Lectins

1.     Red kidney beans

Raw kidney beans contain high levels of a lectin called phytohaemagglutinin.  Eating them raw or undercooked can cause severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. As few as five beans can cause a response.

A hemagglutinating unit (hau) is a measure of lectin content. When in raw form, red kidney beans contain 20,000–70,000 hau. Once cooked, however, they contain only 200–400 hau, which is considered a safe level.

In cooked form, they are valuable and nutritious food.

2.     Soybeans

Soybeans have several health benefits but are another food that also contains high levels of lectins.

As with red kidney beans, cooking soybeans almost eliminates their lectin content, provided they are cooked at high temperatures. Studies show that soybean lectins are almost completely deactivated when at 100°C for at least 10 minutes.

3.     Wheat

Raw wheat, including wheat germ, is high in lectins, with around 300 mcg of wheat lectins per gram. (Whole-wheat flour has a much lower lectin content at about 30 mcg per gram). Lectins are almost completely eliminated by cooking and processing, and as most whole-wheat products consumed are cooked, it’s not likely that lectins pose a major risk to health.

4.     Tomatoes

Tomatoes are part of the nightshade family. They are high in fiber, a good source of potassium and vitamin K1, and high in vitamin C. (One tomato provides about 20% of the daily recommended value. 

Tomatoes also contain lectins, though there is little evidence that they have any adverse effects on humans. Some people have linked tomatoes and other nightshade vegetables to inflammation, such as arthritis. No formal research has supported this link.

5.     Potatoes

 Potatoes are also members of the nightshade family and a good source of vitamins and minerals. Potato skins are particularly high in antioxidants, such as chlorogenic acid, which has been linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. As with tomatoes, adverse effects have been experienced by some when eating potatoes. Studies have shown that this could be linked to lectins.

6.     Peanuts 

Peanuts are an excellent source of protein, unsaturated fats, and many vitamins and minerals.

Peanuts do contain Lectin, and one study found that peanut lectins increased growth in cancer cells. With evidence that peanut lectins can enter the bloodstream, this has led some people to believe that lectins could increase the risk of cancer spreading in the body. However, the above study was carried out using very high doses of pure lectins placed directly onto cancer cells. 

No studies have investigated their exact effects on humans. Evidence of their health benefits appears to be stronger than that of any risks.

DRUG DELIVERY USING LECTIN SOURCE OF PROTEIN

 Chemical agent therapies often come across as barriers when the need for increasing dosages and action of metabolism reduces the effectiveness of treatments. Delivery of drugs to specific targets requires a new and an effective strategy to combat side effects and chemical reactions. 

Lectin medicated bio adhesion constitutes specified interactions with receptor-like structures in the cell membrane, binding directly to targeted cells. Therefore Lectins can interact differently with distinct cells and act as drug carriers to desired tissue and cells. For it to be a tool in drug delivery Lectins, need to be avid binding, low toxicity, and site-specific molecules.

To conclude, Lectins from diversified sources with distinct carbohydrate recognition events play a vital role in many biotechnological applications/disease therapies. The uses in vitro and in vivo display Lectins with protective effects against viruses and microorganisms. Lectins are a highly potent modulator of an immune response, mitosis, proli9, healing, drug delivery therapies, and cancer regression.

Histochemistry, biosensors, detect diseases, and infections against glycans alterations on cells or tissue surfaces, and serum samples can be isolated using Lectin-based technology and techniques. There is potential to unravel new interpretations in the biological effects, pathways, and biotechnological potential of Lectins. They are focusing on their achievements in therapeutic applications and health effects.

Want to learn more about Lectin Conjugate, its usage, and health benefits? Contact our experts at Helvetica Health Care today!

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The Blessed Union of Glycobiology and Immunology: A Marriage That Worked

In this article, we discuss the main aspects regarding the recognition of cell surface glycoconjugates and the immunomodulation of responses against the progression of certain pathologies, such as cancer and infectious diseases. In the first part, we talk about different aspects of glycoconjugates and delve deeper into the importance of N-glycans in cancer immunotherapy. Then, we describe two important lectin families that have been very well studied in the last 20 years. Examples include the... http://dlvr.it/Sjyg3Y