#reactive oxygen species

[bpod-bpod]

Living with Oxygen

Earth’s atmosphere changes over time – the amount of oxygen has built up from virtually zero over billions of years. Living organisms have had to adapt to this changing atmosphere, developing mechanisms to cope with the presence of oxygen and the dangerous by-products of respiration known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage our cells. Proteins and enzymes are particularly susceptible to this oxidative damage, which can lead to many conditions including Alzheimer's, cancer and heart failure. Studying the protein structural database has revealed that many protein structures contain the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Researchers believe that these amino acids are being used to transport ROS away from the vulnerable sites of proteins. Pictured is SOD2, an antioxidant enzyme involved with respiration. The red, pink and blue chains represent different tyrosines and tryptophans. This finding gives insight into how cells adapt to protect against unwanted oxygen species.

Written by Helen Thomas

Image from work by Harry Gray and Jay Winkler

Caltech, Pasadena, USA

Copyright held by original authors

Published in PNAS, September 2015

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[existennialmemes]

[oxygen atom voice] I'm essential to survival! I keep your cells healthy! But if you're not careful, I will also rip those cells apart looking for stealable electrons. Tee Hee! Best of luck, bitch.

[ijbinnspub]

Influence of oxidative stress on sperm quality in animal

Elaheh Jahanian, Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei, Nasroallah Moradi Kor

Key words: Oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, semen quality.

Abstract: Oxidative stress has negatively influence on semen quality in human and animals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidants and antioxidants imbalance lead to DNA including DNA fragmentation, deletions and mutations as well as base degradation, protein and lipids damage in sperm due to poor antioxidant system and high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In addition, excess ROS can adversely affect plasma membrane fluidity as well as permeation leading to apoptosis. Furthermore, ROS resulted in declined sperm mobility, viability and sperm-oocyte fusion due to a reduction in axonemal protein phosphorylation. In general, oxidative stress can impair the sperm quality affecting reproductive performance. Article Source: Volume 4, Number 2, January 2014 – IJB

[scirp]

Read the full paper at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=50289 DOI: 10.4236/abc.2014.46040 Author(s) Irada Mammad Huseynova1*, Masma Yagubali Nasrullayeva2, Samira Mahammadrahim Rustamova1, Durna Rafail Aliyeva1, Jalal Alirza Aliyev1 ABSTRACT Drought is one of the major factors limiting the yield and quality of crops in the world. The activity of antioxidative system to tolerate the drought stress is significant in plants. In the present study, the activities and isoform profiles of catalase (CАТ), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed in four barley genotypes grown under soil water restriction. Drought stress caused increase in the activities of CАТ and SOD in all studied genotypes, while APX activity decreased. The total GR activity increased substantially in genotypes K 2778 and St.Garabag 7 and decreased in No. 77 local and St.Pallidum 596 genotypes under conditions of severe water stress. No detectable differences were observed in the isoenzyme pattern (the appearance of a new isoenzymes and disappearance of another one) between control plants and those subjected to soil drought. However, intensification of corresponding isoforms in electrophoretic spectra was observed in stressed barley leaves relative to watered ones. eww141014gjr The obtained results possibly suggest that antioxidant protection in barley plants under drought conditions could be attributed mainly to SOD and CAT. KEYWORDS Hordeum vulgare L., Drought, Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Enzymes

[bpod-bpod]

ROS vs Bacteria

Inducing lung lining cells to produce bacteria-killing reactive oxygen species (highly reactive chemicals that can cause oxidative damage) protects against pneumonia without reliance on antibiotics

Read the published research paper here

Image from work by Yongxing Wang and colleagues

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in PLOS Pathogens, September 2023

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[nightshadequeen]

Hydroxyl radicals...are extremely reactive fragments, the molecular equivalents of random muggers. They can react with all biological molecules at speeds approaching their rate of diffusion. This means that they react with the first molecules in their path and it is virtually impossible to stop them from doing so....If you ever hear someone talking about antioxidants that 'scavenge' hydroxyl radicals in the body, they won't know what they're talking about....To scavenge hydroxyl radicals in the body, the scavenger wld need to be present at a higher concentration than all other substances in the body, to give it a higher chance of being in the way.

Nick Lane, Oxygen

[didanawisgi]

Abstract

Unique properties of oxygen and of the reactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS) participation are considered, the multiple ways of ROS generation and utilization are discussed in view of evidence for the absolute necessity of ROS for the normal vital activity. Many difficulties in the realization of the real role of ROS in vital activity are caused by the attitude to them only as to chemical substances, while they should be considered in the first place as the major participants of continuous flows of highly non-linear processes in which electron excited species emerge. These processes play a significant role in energy and informational flows in all the living systems. We suggest that the mechanisms of biological action of ROS are determined by the structural patterns (frequency-amplitude patterns of electron excited states generation and their relaxation) of the processes with ROS participation taking place in the aqueous environs. Energy released in such reactions is used as an activation energy for specific biochemical processes, for the continuous "pumping" of the non-equilibrium state of inter- and intracellular structural components, while the structural patterns of ROS reactions determine biochemical and physiological rhythmic modes. Special role of water in all these phenomena is discussed. From a broader perspective the processes with ROS participation emerging in water preceded and were the necessary condition for origination and evolution of organic living forms on Earth.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

ROS detoxification enzymes and antioxidants function in cells as a network supported by various antioxidant recycling systems that replenish the level of reduced antioxidants (Figure 24.20).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[stevenspacil]

Role of Nrf2 in Oxidative Stress and Toxicity

The role of Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2) in oxidative stress and toxicity is critical to understanding how cells respond to environmental insults, including toxins and pollutants. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a condition that occurs when there is an imbalance…

[bisresearchreports]

Plasma medicine is a recent development that can contribute to minimizing the challenges occurring in cancer treatment.  It is a multidisciplinary subject of research that combines plasma physics and chemistry with biology and clinical medicine to launch a new cancer treatment modality.

[bookpiofficial]

Determination of Salivary Glycoconjugates and Salivary Ros Levels in Chronic Periodontitis | Chapter  11 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

The research was done as a first step toward using salivary glycoconjugates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as accurate indicators of chronic periodontitis. Glycoconjugates are crucial biological compounds that serve a variety of roles. They are made up of oligosaccharides of various sizes and complexity that are connected to a non-sugar component such as a lipid or protein. Glycoconjugate structures are frequently convoluted, with complicated biochemical routes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species is thought to play a role in the disease's severity. ROS are extremely unstable and have a short half-life, making them difficult to detect. However, at times of stress or disease, ROS levels can skyrocket, causing severe cell structural damage. Author(S) Details Jenny Susan Roy Department of Periodontic, Mount Zion Medical College, Adoor, India. Sajith Sebastian Mount Zion Medical College, Adoor, India. Nandini Manjunath Department of Periodontics, AJ Medical College, Mangalore, India. Joanne Mary Sajith Technical and IT Assistant, India. View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6669

[cytgen]

Keywords: apoptosis BEAS-2B cell proliferation oxidative stress reactive oxygen species

[crimsonpublisherscancerstudy]

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cancer_Crimson Publishers

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cancer by Yi Lu in Novel Approaches in Cancer Study

Oxidative stress has increasingly been considered a factor in numerous diseases and cancers because of its extensive presence throughout the body. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), generated continuously from oxidative phosphorylation and received from various exogenous sources, are constantly used as a key molecule for signal transduction, but under conditions of oxidative stress, when they can no longer be suppressed, they have the potential to damage the cell’s DNA. In many cases, repair mechanisms mitigate the damage, and if the damage becomes irreparable, then the cell will undergo apoptosis. In rare cases, though, DNA can get damaged to a point where the cell becomes cancerous and can eventually form a tumor. While ROS often take a significant amount of time to accumulate, once they have done so and are unable to be suppressed by cellular countermeasures, it is very likely for DNA damage to occur, and in cancerous cells, they actually enhance rapid proliferation, chronic inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This is why it is necessary to boost or introduce cellular countermeasures to mitigate the dangers of ROS. Current research on oxidative stress is mainly focusing on the benefits of antioxidants, which are commonly used by the cell to reduce ROS, and triggering apoptosis in tumors through enhanced oxidative stress conditions. This review will discuss the role of oxidative stress in tumorigenesis and cancer proliferation as well as the possible treatments, especially antioxidants and ROS-inducing drugs.

For more Open Access Journals in Crimson Publishers please click on: https://crimson-publishers.blogspot.com/2019/10/crimson-publishers-impact-factor.html

For more Articles in Novel Approaches in Cancer Study please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/nacs/index.php

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Because ROS can trigger the opening of calcium channels, and increases in cytosolic Ca²+ concentrations can activate calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), which activate NADPH oxidase, the calcium and ROS pathways interact in a positive feedback cycle (Figure 24.11).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.