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urologistdoctor · 7 months

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Everything You Need to Know About Kidney Failure

Kidney failure, a serious health condition, affects millions globally. It is also known as renal failure and is a serious medical condition that can have life-altering implications. This blog will provide an in-depth understanding of its types, symptoms, early signs, how do you know kidney problems, and treatment options. Let’s explore this critical issue together.

Understanding kidney failure

Before we explore kidney failure specifics, it’s imperative to understand the role of the kidneys in our bodies. The kidneys filter out waste products, excess nutrients, and fluids from the bloodstream. These are then excreted from the body in urine. When the kidneys cannot perform this function effectively, kidney failure results.

It occurs when the kidneys, two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, lose their ability to filter out waste and excess fluids from the blood. If this occurs, harmful waste can build up in the body, resulting in health problems.

Types of kidney failure

Kidney failure can be classified into two main types:

Acute kidney injury (AKI).

AKI is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function over a short period — usually within a few hours or days. This type of kidney failure is often reversible if treated promptly and appropriately. Causes of AKI can include severe infections, certain medications, or a blockage in the urinary tract.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD).

CKD is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function. Unlike AKI, CKD damage is often permanent and can lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where dialysis or a kidney transplant is necessary to sustain life. CKD causes include high blood pressure and diabetes.

The symptoms of kidney failure

A variety of conditions can cause kidney failure symptoms, which vary greatly from person to person. Among them are:

General fatigue and illness

Confused or having difficulty concentrating

Weight loss and loss of appetite

The problem of insomnia and other sleep disorders

An increase in swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet as a result of fluid retention

Itching and dry skin that persists

Breathing difficulties

If fluid builds up around the heart lining, it can cause chest pain

Signs of kidney failure at an early stage

Changes in urination: This can include an increase or decrease in frequency, the presence of blood in the urine, or a change in the color or consistency of the urine.

Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet: This is caused by the kidneys’ inability to remove excess fluid from the body.

High blood pressure: The kidneys regulate blood pressure. Damage to the kidneys can result in high blood pressure, which in turn can cause further damage to the kidneys.

Fatigue and weakness: Healthy kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which signals the body to make red blood cells. When the kidneys are damaged, they may not make enough of this hormone. This may lead to a decrease in red blood cells and result in fatigue and weakness.

Loss of appetite: This can be due to a build-up of toxins in the body that are normally removed by the kidneys.

Kidney Failure: Urine color

One of the earliest and most noticeable signs of kidney failure is changes in the color and consistency of urine. Healthy urine is pale yellow and clear. In kidney failure, the urine may become dark yellow, brown, or even red if blood is present. It may also appear foamy or bubbly due to excess protein.

Chronic kidney disease stages

Chronic kidney disease progresses through five stages, each representing a different kidney function level. These stages are determined by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which measures how well the kidneys filter waste from the blood.

Stage 1: Kidney damage with a normal or high GFR (90 or above). Kidney function is considered normal, but kidney damage has been detected.

Stage 2: Kidney damage with mildly decreased GFR (60 to 89). At this stage, some minor loss of kidney function has occurred.

Stage 3: Moderately decreased GFR (30 to 59). This stage indicates moderate to severe kidney damage.

Stage 4: Severely decreased GFR (15 to 29). Kidney function has declined to the point where kidney disease complications are likely to occur.

Stage 5: Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with a GFR less than 15. At this stage, dialysis or kidney transplants are necessary to sustain life.

Treatment Options for Kidney Failure

Kidney failure treatment depends on the cause, the individual’s overall health, and the severity of the disease. Treatment options include:

Lifestyle changes: This can include dietary modifications, regular exercise, and quitting smoking.

Medications: These can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

Dialysis: This treatment filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps to keep your body in balance when the kidneys can’t work.

Kidney transplant: This involves replacing the diseased kidney with a healthy one from a donor.

Conclusion

Kidney failure is a serious medical condition that requires prompt attention and treatment. If you or a loved one are experiencing any symptoms or signs of kidney problems, it’s imperative to seek medical help right away. With early detection and appropriate treatments, you should consult the Best Urologist In Jaipur. Dr Sandeep Nunia is the best Urology doctor in Jaipur. He has years of experience and is the highest-ranking Urologist in Jaipur for treating ailments such as Laparoscopic treatment, Female Urology, Sexology treatment, Uro Oncology, and Kidney stone treatment.

#best urologist in jaipur #urologist in jaipur

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ayurvedakidneytreatment · 3 years

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How Rapid Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease CKD?

Chronic kidney disease primarily advances slowly. Blood and urine tests can assist specialists in deciding whether the kidneys are still functioning admirably enough or whether dialysis will be required soon, for instance.

Blood and urine tests are beneficial for something other than diagnosing chronic kidney disease. Standard testing is crucial later on: The tests can show whether the disease is deteriorating and how rapidly. They can likewise help in finding out about the risk of complications. Depending upon the stage of the disease, the treatment can be individually adjusted, and the next treatment steps can be discussed and arranged with the specialist in advance. This is significant if it becomes clear that obviously dialysis will be required.

What are the stages of Chronic kidney disease?

Chronic kidney disease has five stages:

Stage 1: Urine tests give signs of kidney harm. However, healthy parts of the kidneys assist them in working continuously.

Stage 2: As well as the indications of kidney damage, the kidneys aren’t working at their total capacity. However, their capacity is just marginally diminished, and there are usually no observable side effects.

Stage 3: Kidney work is moderately decreased.

(Read here deeply Stage 3 of Chronic Kidney Disease CKD)

Stage 4: Kidney work is essentially reduced. Issues like itching, anaemia, acidosis, or pain in bones might happen.

(Read here deeply Stage 4 of Chronic Kidney Disease CKD)

Stage 5: End-stage kidney disease: The kidneys in this stage are not ready to clean the blood well enough, resulting in severe uremia (poisoning because of the development of byproducts in the body). Dialysis or a kidney transplant are then required to do the kidneys’ work.

The health implications of chronic kidney disease will likewise rely upon how healthy somebody is. Hence, specialists investigate conditions that might worsen Chronic kidney disease quicker — including cardiovascular disease, ineffectively managed hypertension, or diabetes.

Estimation of kidney damage and kidney capacity

Kidney damage and kidney capacity are firmly related. The glomerular filtration rate is the main factor of kidney work. Proof of kidney damage is given by the measure of protein in the individual’s urine.

Glomerular filtration rate

Every kidney has around 1,000,000 small “filtering stations” in it called renal corpuscles. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) shows how much blood is filtered each minute. In healthy individuals, this is somewhere in the range of 85 and 135 millilitres per minute.

It would be genuinely challenging to measure the GFR straightly. That is why it’s generally estimated — for example, utilizing the level of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a breakdown result of the muscles. The most commonly utilized formula for estimating the GFR also incorporates things like age and sex.

Protein in urine

The kidneys usually keep certain substances in the blood from entering the urine. Kidney damage might become recognizable when those substances are found in urine. Examples incorporate blood proteins like albumin. They are possibly found in significant amounts in urine if the kidneys are harmed. The measure of protein in urine is taken as an indication of how bad the harm is.

How much time does CKD require to advance?

The short and unsatisfying response to this question is… it depends. It can be hard to figure out which indicators will be precise across the board because individual studies can only examine a certain number of factors at one time.

Chronic kidney disease progression has been analysed, however, most of the studies have focused on the reasons for kidney function decline and the probability of CKD to progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

The objective of accurately, consistently anticipating the speed of chronic kidney disease progression stays at the front line of CKD research. Discoveries show that the rate is impacted by many factors and can generally differ, especially in the latter stages of the disease.

How rapidly Does Chronic Kidney Disease Progress?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) doesn’t advance at a similar rate for all patients. A certain number of patients with mild to moderate CKD don’t encounter an anticipated pattern of disease progression.

Components like genetics, health problems, age, sex, and lifestyle also impact the speed of CKD movement.

While this makes a question, “How quick does constant kidney sickness progress?”

What are a few indicators of chronic kidney disease progression?

While the pace of disease progression will be different for everyone, numerous studies have shown that dependable indicators of rapid progression include:

Proteinuria (higher than the normal measures of protein in urine)

Anaemia (less oxygen-carrying red blood cells)

Congestive cardiovascular breakdown (and past cardiovascular disease)

Hypertension (high systolic blood pressure)

Low serum albumin (low levels of the protein called as albumin in the blood)

People below the age of 65, particularly if they are diabetic.

Longer duration of diabetes before diagnosis

Extra factors that different investigations have displayed to show a rapid progression of CKD include:

Acute kidney injury (AKI)

Being a smoker

Treatment with double RAS blockades

Low haemoglobin levels (<13 g/dL)

Always talk to your primary care physician and follow your treatment plan accordingly.

Ask your primary care physician what amount of daily fluid intake is ok for you, and make sure to add all fluids in your liquid intake, not simply water and cutoff liquor and caffeine utilization.

Monitor and manage medical problems that could increase your risk for complications and rapid disease progression, including:

Hypertension

Cardiovascular disease

Deficiency of iron

Diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes)

Take your medicines and modify your daily habits as per your primary care physician’s directions.

Limit your utilization of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, particularly non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) like headache medicine, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve).

Make healthy lifestyle changes.

Always take a diet that:

Is low in potassium and phosphorus

is high in organic products, vegetables, and whole grains;

is low in cholesterol, saturated fats, sugar, and additives;

includes suitable, not extreme, protein; and

Stop smoking, and don’t begin in case you are not a smoker.

limits sodium to 2,300 mg/day, to assist control with blood pressure;

Exercise routinely and regularly, somewhere around 30 minutes per day, five days a week.

How Ayurvedic Treatment Cures CKD Kidney Failure?

Ayurveda is thousands of years old and has a unique treatment. Ayurveda helps you to improve your health without using any modern treatment and medicine. Ayurveda treatment is based on natural herbal medicine.

Yes, Ayurveda treatment is the cure for CKD. Through the Ayurveda, you can recover your kidney function 100 percent without any side effects on your health and kidney.

If you are in the last stage of CKD kidney failure or whatever stage you are in, still there is a chance you can remove your CKD chronic kidney disease through Ayurveda treatment. Our experts help you with this.

Conclusion:

Countless elements can add to how rapidly chronic kidney disease progresses. CKD progress is also dependent on genetics, age, sex, and other various health aspects. Ayurveda treatment for chronic kidney disease is helpful for your health and enhances your kidney function through natural medicine.

FAQs

1) What is CKD?

Ans- A condition in which the kidney loses its function over a period of time.

2) Why did I get kidney disease?

Ans-Kidney disease occurs due to malfunctioning of kidneys because of unhealthy lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits.

3) How could I have kidney disease if I feel fine?

Ans- In the initial stage, you can’t recognize the symptoms of CKD and a person may not feel sick.

4) Can kidney disease be cured?

Ans- Yes it can be cured with ayurvedic. Ayurveda is a unique and old treatment that is used for improving your health and providing the opportunity to live healthily.

5) Does kidney disease increase my risk for other health problems?

Ans- Yes, by kidney disease you will suffer lots of health problems like Kidney stones, Glomerulonephritis, Polycystic kidney disease, Urinary tract infections, and much more. You must consult your doctor.

6) What happens if my kidney fails?

Ans- You will be in deep trouble as you will have to suffer from many symptoms.

7) How can I protect my kidneys?

Ans- A healthy lifestyle with a proper diet can keep your kidneys healthy.

8)What other health problems can CKD cause?

Ans- CKD can cause many other issues like Gout, Metabolic acidosis, Secondary hyperparathyroidism, Bone disease and high phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia), Heart disease, High potassium (hyperkalemia), Fluid buildup, cardiovascular disease, which will hamper your health.

Author bio:

Prabhat Kumar has been working in the field of medical sciences for many years. Over the years, I worked with numerous Ayurvedic organizations as a Health Expert. I am enlightening readers with information related to all kinds of diseases and their ayurvedic treatment.

Source of Content: How Rapid Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease CKD?

#How Rapid Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease CKD #How fast Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease CKD #How fast Chronic Kidney Disease CKD Progression #How fast Chronic Kidney Disease CKD #Chronic Kidney Disease CKD #Chronic Kidney Disease

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ayurvedickidneycare · 3 years

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How Does Junk Food Affect Your Kidney?

The rapid inclination of people towards junk food can make them vulnerable to gain excessive weight, which is considered the known cause of many chronic health problems, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels.

Being overweight can increase all the causes of mortality by doubling your risk of having the health mentioned above complications that can also affect your kidneys' functioning.

According to the World Health Organisation report, more than 135 million people, especially people in their 20s, are obese. Researchers have predicted that by 2025, 18% of men and 21% of women will get affected by obesity in India.

Obesity is mainly reported in people who are more inclined towards a sedentary or inactive lifestyle with a poor diet. Because of being overweight, they are exposed to hypertension and diabetes that can indirectly affect their kidneys and interfere with their functioning.

What is chronic kidney disease?

Chronic kidney disease is a cumulative loss of kidney functioning in which your kidneys gradually lose their functioning with time. A person having CKD might not feel any complications or symptoms at the initial stages, as this disease silently invades your urinary system without being noticed and prowls around your kidneys to impair their functioning.

How can junk foods affect your kidney function?

Outside foods and beverages, such as pizza, fries, nuggets, and fizzy beverages, are loaded with excessive amounts of artificial preservatives and other substances, such as potassium, sodium, and phosphorus. The substances are complex and require extra work by your kidneys to re-maintain the healthy balance of salt, minerals, and fluid in your body. Junk foods increase your risk of having diabetes, hypertension, and blood pressure, making you vulnerable to kidney-related complications at some point in life.

Let's look at how diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels affect your kidneys' functioning.

Diabetes

People with diabetes are always at the stake of experiencing kidney complications. Studies have shown that around 30 per cent of patients who have type 1 diabetes and 10 to 14 per cent of people who have type 2 diabetes will likely have kidney-related problems at some point in their lives.

Diabetes increases sugar in the bloodstream, which makes blood thick and hard to get filtered by your kidneys. This condition increases the workload on your kidneys to purify sufficient amounts of blood needed by your body for performing various bodily processes. Because of being overworked, your kidneys develop inflammation inside them and start losing their functioning with time.

High blood pressure

If you're consuming salt more than 2,300 mg per day, then you're likely to have a high blood pressure problem at some point in your life. High blood pressure damages the inner walls of your blood vessels and weakens them, which reduces the blood supply to the different parts of the body, including the kidneys. Due to low blood supply, your kidneys don't get enough work for their working, and they ultimately lose their functioning.

High cholesterol levels

Not only your kidneys, having high cholesterol levels is a hazard for other primary organs of your body, such as the heart, liver, and lungs. High cholesterol levels lead to plaque accumulation ( a stick waxy fat-like substance) inside the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys. This condition reduces that blood supply to your kidneys that gradually leads to a permanent loss of your kidneys' functioning.

Is there any way to detect kidney complications in time?

CKD takes time to get visible; a person suffering from CKD might take decades to get visible. Also, it's hard to control the disease with routine medications when it gets visible. The Symptoms may include the following-

Blood in urine

Having frequent urges to pass urine

Loss of appetite

Having pain or pressure on the chest

Weight loss without even trying anything

Bubbly or foamy urine with a strong foul smell

Nausea and vomiting

Fatigue

Insomnia

Swelling in legs, ankles, and feet due to excessive fluid retention

Anxiety and depression

Recurring pain in the lower back

Is there any permanent cure for chronic kidney disease?

Try Ayurvedic herbs for CKD if you're looking for a medication that is effective and kidney-friendly. The Ayurvedic treatment for CKD stage 5 are based on formulating several powerful herbs that are proven effective in curing kidney complications of its roots. Ayurveda is the science of life that originated from ancient Vedas. The ultimate goal of Ayurveda is to prevent disease progression with a mixture of several types of herbs that work effectively on the root cause of the problem.

Ayurvedic herbs for CKD are equally supportive and effective for people of all ages, and it doesn't leave any abnormalities on the body like other modern medicines.

#health #health & fitness #kidney problems #kidney failure #Chronic Kidney Disease

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didanawisgi · 8 years

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By Jennifer Ming

“In a new study, scientists have presented powerful evidence that vitamin K2 can reduce the progression of atherosclerosis, the “blockage” of the arteries that can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

This is tremendous news for the millions of Americans who are at risk for cardiovascular disease, which remains the number one killer in the US.1

Scientists long ago learned that vitamin K2 plays a crucial role in activating proteins that help keep calcium where it belongs, in the bones, and out of blood vessels where it can cause problems.

Published data show that people with higher intake of vitamin K2 have a 57% reduction in the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, and as much as an 81% reduction in non-vertebral fractures.2,3

Here, we’ll review the important new study on atherosclerosis, and then examine previous findings that explain how vitamin K2 contributes so importantly to both cardiovascular and bone health in aging adults.

Vitamin K2 Reduces the Progression of Arterial Thickening

Numerous studies have demonstrated that people with higher intakes of vitamin K2 have a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease.3-5 Intrigued by this connection, Polish researchers from the Medical University at Lodz teamed up with researchers from Maastricht University in the Netherlands and Poland’s International Science and Health Foundation to determine if vitamin K2 supplementation could reduce the progression of existing atherosclerosis.6

The scientists evaluated the progression of atherosclerosis in a group of 42 patients with chronic kidney disease.6 These patients were ideal for this type of study because they are known to experience a rapid reduction in bone mineral density (a measure of bone strength) as a result of calcium losses from bone.7,8 They are also subject to equally excessive deposits of calcium in tissues where it doesn’t belong—particularly in the walls of major arteries.9

For the study, the subjects were divided into two groups. One group received vitamin K2 (90 mcg per day) plus vitamin D3 (400 IU per day). The second group received only vitamin D3 (400 IU per day).6

After nine months, it was already evident that the subjects taking the combination of vitamins K2 and D3 experienced a slower progression of the Common Carotid Intima Media Thickness, which is a good indicator of atherosclerosis, as well as a predictor of cardiovascular episodes and death. Specifically, the thickness of the carotid (major neck) arteries increased by 13.73% in the group taking vitamin D3, but in the group taking both vitamins, it only increased by 6.32%.6 Remember that the group of subjects in this study have a tendency for an increased carotid intima media thickness as a result of calcium losses from bone.

In addition, subjects taking the combination of vitamins K2 and D3 showed a reduction in carotid artery calcification score in all patients except those with the highest scores at baseline.6 This indicates that calcium was staying in the bones, where it belongs, and out of the arteries.

These results clearly indicated that vitamin K2 does indeed reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.6

How It Works

The impact of vitamin K2 on atherosclerosis is due to its role in activating a group of proteins whose job it is to keep calcium in the bones and out of the arteries.3,5,9

In bones, vitamin K2 activates a specific protein called osteocalcin. When osteocalcin is activated by vitamin K2, it binds calcium tightly to bone minerals to create strong bones. In arteries, vitamin K2 activates a protein called matrix Gla protein. When matrix Gla protein is activated by vitamin K2, it prevents calcium from being deposited in arteries.9,10

When vitamin K2 is not present in sufficient enough quantities to activate these two proteins, the result is an increased risk for developing osteoporosis and atherosclerosis because of calcium loss from the bones.11-13

High Praise

The findings from this recent Polish study were significant enough to merit published comments by other experts in the field.

The experts observed that patients in the combined vitamins K2 plus D3 arm of the study already had more severe kidney disease, despite being randomly assigned to the treatment groups. This means that the group taking vitamin K2 along with D3 succeeded despite a less favorable starting point compared with the group taking only vitamin D3.14

Of course, while chronic kidney disease is common and deadly, patients with the disease are far from the only ones at risk for cardiovascular disease and bone loss arising from insufficient vitamin K2 intake. But given their extreme risk for those conditions, this patient population made an ideal test group to demonstrate the value of supplementation with both vitamin K2 and D3.

Vitamin K2’s Dual Benefits

The recent Polish study further validated previous studies demonstrating vitamin K2’s heart- and bone-health benefits.

Numerous studies have shown that populations with higher daily vitamin K2 intake (more than 32 mcg) have a 50% reduction in the risk of death from cardiovascular disease compared to those with low intake.3,9 Calculated another way, for every 10-mcg per day-increase in vitamin K2 intake, the risk of coronary heart disease falls by 9%.4,9 In another study, women with the highest intake of vitamin K2 were found to be at a 20% lower risk for coronary artery calcification compared with women who had the lowest intake levels.5

These benefits have been found to extend to bone health as well. Postmenopausal women taking 1,500 mg of calcium along with 45 mg of vitamin K2 daily experienced an increase in bone mineral density and a 55.9% reduction in inactive osteocalcin levels,15 a marker reported to be elevated in osteoporotic patients and related to an increased hip fracture risk.16,17 Another study showed that when 180 mcg of vitamin K2 daily was given for 3 years, it increased the amount of activated osteocalcin, produced significant improvements in bone mineral content and density, and increased bone strength.18

Western Diet is Deficient in Vitamin K2

The average American diet lacks enough vitamin K2—which is found primarily in organ meats, egg yolks, cheese, and in a Japanese staple dish of fermented soybean called natto—to properly activate those vitamin K-dependent proteins.9,19 Compounding the problem, vitamin K2 deficiency worsens with advancing age.19

Fortunately, studies have shown that sustained vitamin K2 supplementation produces significant improvements in bone mineralization and strength and also in standard measurements of cardiovascular health.9,20

The take-home message is that supplementing with vitamin K2 is practically mandatory for the average American desiring both healthy bones and a healthy cardiovascular system.

Summary

Vitamin K2 has the unique ability to activate proteins that send calcium to its proper destination, into bone, while simultaneously preventing calcium from being deposited in blood vessel walls.

A new study has shown that supplemental vitamin K2 can reduce the progression of arterial thickening and stiffening in a population of kidney disease patients, a group that notoriously has cardiovascular complications arising from excessive calcium deposition.

Thus, supplementation with vitamin K2 should be part of a daily longevity program for any aging adult interested in preserving both heart and bone health.”

References

Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm. Accessed July 27, 2016.

Cockayne S, Adamson J, Lanham-New S, et al. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(12):1256-61.

Geleijnse JM, Vermeer C, Grobbee DE, et al. Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. J Nutr. 2004;134(11):3100-5.

Gast GC, de Roos NM, Sluijs I, et al. A high menaquinone intake reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(7):504-10.

Beulens JW, Bots ML, Atsma F, et al. High dietary menaquinone intake is associated with reduced coronary calcification. Atherosclerosis. 2009;203(2):489-93.

Kurnatowska I, Grzelak P, Masajtis-Zagajewska A, et al. Effect of vitamin K2 on progression of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in nondialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2015;125(9):631-40.

Nickolas TL, Stein EM, Dworakowski E, et al. Rapid cortical bone loss in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(8):1811-20.

Watanabe R, Lemos MM, Carvalho AB, et al. The association between coronary artery calcification progression and loss of bone density in non-dialyzed CKD patients. Clin Nephrol. 2012;78(6):425-31.

Maresz K. Proper Calcium Use: Vitamin K2 as a Promoter of Bone and Cardiovascular Health. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2015;14(1):34-9.

Hauschka PV. Osteocalcin: the vitamin K-dependent Ca2+-binding protein of bone matrix. Haemostasis. 1986;16 (3-4):258-72.

Braam LA, Hoeks AP, Brouns F, et al. Beneficial effects of vitamins D and K on the elastic properties of the vessel wall in postmenopausal women: a follow-up study. Thromb Haemost. 2004;91(2):373-80.

Zittermann A. Effects of vitamin K on calcium and bone metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001;4(6):483-7.

Jie KS, Bots ML, Vermeer C, et al. Vitamin K intake and osteocalcin levels in women with and without aortic atherosclerosis: a population-based study. Atherosclerosis. 1995;116(1):117-23.

Stompor T, Winiarska A. Vitamin K in chronic kidney disease: time for a (hint of) hope? Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2015;125(9):618-9.

Purwosunu Y, Muharram, Rachman IA, et al. Vitamin K2 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2006;32(2):230-4.

Szulc P, Arlot M, Chapuy MC, et al. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin correlates with hip bone mineral density in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res. 1994;9(10):1591-5.

Vergnaud P, Garnero P, Meunier PJ, et al. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin measured with a specific immunoassay predicts hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82(3):719-24.

Knapen MH, Drummen NE, Smit E, et al. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(9):2499-507.

Theuwissen E, Magdeleyns EJ, Braam LA, et al. Vitamin K status in healthy volunteers. Food Funct. 2014;5(2):229-34.

Knapen MH, Schurgers LJ, Vermeer C. Vitamin K2 supplementation improves hip bone geometry and bone strength indices in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2007;18(7):963-72.

#vitamin k2 #vitamins #family medicine #integrative medicine #Herbal Medicine #alternative medicine

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erectiledysfunc · 4 years

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methadone erectile dysfunction

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urologistdoctor · 7 months

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Everything You Need to Know About Kidney Failure

Introduction

Understanding kidney failure

Types of kidney failure

Kidney failure can be classified into two main types:

Acute kidney injury (AKI).

AKI is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function over a short period – usually within a few hours or days. This type of kidney failure is often reversible if treated promptly and appropriately. Causes of AKI can include severe infections, certain medications, or a blockage in the urinary tract.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD).

The symptoms of kidney failure

A variety of conditions can cause kidney failure symptoms, which vary greatly from person to person. Among them are:

General fatigue and illness

Confused or having difficulty concentrating

Weight loss and loss of appetite

The problem of insomnia and other sleep disorders

An increase in swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet as a result of fluid retention

Itching and dry skin that persists

Breathing difficulties

If fluid builds up around the heart lining, it can cause chest pain

Signs of kidney failure at an early stage

Changes in urination: This can include an increase or decrease in frequency, the presence of blood in the urine, or a change in the color or consistency of the urine.

Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet: This is caused by the kidneys’ inability to remove excess fluid from the body.

High blood pressure: The kidneys regulate blood pressure. Damage to the kidneys can result in high blood pressure, which in turn can cause further damage to the kidneys.

Loss of appetite: This can be due to a build-up of toxins in the body that are normally removed by the kidneys.

Kidney Failure: Urine color

Chronic kidney disease stages

Stage 1: Kidney damage with a normal or high GFR (90 or above). Kidney function is considered normal, but kidney damage has been detected.

Stage 2: Kidney damage with mildly decreased GFR (60 to 89). At this stage, some minor loss of kidney function has occurred.

Stage 3: Moderately decreased GFR (30 to 59). This stage indicates moderate to severe kidney damage.

Stage 4: Severely decreased GFR (15 to 29). Kidney function has declined to the point where kidney disease complications are likely to occur.

Stage 5: Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with a GFR less than 15. At this stage, dialysis or kidney transplants are necessary to sustain life.

Treatment Options for Kidney Failure

Kidney failure treatment depends on the cause, the individual’s overall health, and the severity of the disease. Treatment options include:

Lifestyle changes: This can include dietary modifications, regular exercise, and quitting smoking.

Medications: These can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.

Dialysis: This treatment filters and purifies the blood using a machine. This helps to keep your body in balance when the kidneys can’t work.

Kidney transplant: This involves replacing the diseased kidney with a healthy one from a donor.

Conclusion

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