#Hypocreales

[wild-e-eep]

This is Polycephalomyces tomentosus a tiny fungus that grows on slime mould sporangia.

[rattyexplores]

Spiders ravaged by Parasitic Fungi

Though I’m not sure if all these fungi are the same species, fungi in the Gibellula genus seem to attack arachnids in particular.

Unidentified, genus Gibellula

02/11/22 - 14/10/22 - 19/10/22

[jhokey]

Hypocreales

Minecraft's mycelium, resilient and parasitic, forms mushroom islands, devouring entire islands, and grows atop bedrock. Its exclusive affinity for cows remains uncertain, leaving intriguing possibilities.

[ribosome-papers]

Phylogeny and species delimitations in the economically, medically, and ecologically important genus Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales)

Pubmed: http://dlvr.it/SxPK8H

[mainsdesign]

Gang beasts controls pda

NPR1 and NPR2 (nitrogen pathogenicity regulation) are wide-domain regulators of nitrogen metabolism required for pathogenicity and induction of MPG1 (hydrophobin gene) expression during nutrient starvation in Ma. However, there is little information in Ma. Since the important and diverse roles of hydrophobins for some fungi have been reported, how the hydrophobin genes are regulated is our concern. In Tricholoma vaccinum (Agaricales), expression levels of nine hydrophobin genes throughout the life cycle revealed their essential role in aerial mycelium, fruiting body and ectomycorrhiza establishment. filiformis markedly increased at the primordium stage, as shown by Northern blot. reported that hydrophobins SC3 and SC4 are expressed in mounds, fruiting bodies and vegetative hyphae of S. There have only been some studies on the gene transcript level of hydrophobin genes. Hydrophobin FBH1 in Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricales) affected the mycelial growth rate and primordium formation by RNAi transformants. It was reported that a hydrophobin gene, Hyd9, played an important role in the formation of aerial mycelia and primordia in Flammulina filiformis (Agaricales) by RNAi and overexpression. Though the first characterized hydrophobin was SC3 from mushroom-forming fungus Schizophyllum commune (Agaricales), hydrophobins in mushrooms are far from well studied. It seemed that the function of hydrophobic proteins was species specific. Similar results were reported for Botrytis cinerea (Helotiales) in which none of the hydrophobin mutants showed obvious phenotypic defects. Contrary to these reports, individual deletion of the five hydrophobin genes ( HYD1- 5) in Fusarium verticillioides (Hypocreales) indicated that none were required for virulence in a corn seedling infection assay. In mycoparasite fungi Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Hypocreales), hydrophobins affected hydrophobicity of conidia, disease resistance, pathogenicity and plant growth promotion activity. Hydrophobins were required for conidial hydrophobicity and plant root colonization in the fungal biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea (Hypocreales). acridum (Hypocreales), specifically activated the humoral and cellular immunity of its own host insects. HYD3, a hydrophobin located on the conidial surface of M. In another entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales), hydrophobins played roles in conidiation, hydrophobicity, pigmentation and virulence. In the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales), the inactivation of hyd1 resulted in reduced spore hydrophobicity and fungal virulence, but a Δ hyd2 mutant displayed decreased surface hydrophobicity of conidia without effects on virulence. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Magnaporthales), hydrophobins were necessary for fungal development, infection ability and plant colonization. Hydrophobins have been characterized in some fungi, especially pathogenic fungi of plants and insects. militaris, and provide insights into the developmental regulatory mechanism of mushrooms. These results reveal the diverse roles and regulation of Cmhyd1 in C. Furthermore, CmHYD1 is proved to regulate the transcription of Cmarea at different developmental stages via a positive feedback loop. CmAreA, a transcription factor of nitrogen regulatory, is recruited to the promoter of Cmhyd1 and activates the transcription of Cmhyd1 with coactivator CmOTam using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient luciferase expression in tobacco. Cmhyd1 also participates in stress response, including tolerance of mycelia to osmotic and oxidative stresses, and conidia to high or low temperatures. Cmhyd1 plays roles in conidiation and cuticle-bypassing infection by regulating the transcripts of frequency clock protein, Cmfrq, and velvet protein, Cmvosa, as well as primordium formation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Here, deletion of Cmhyd1 results in reduction in aerial mycelia, conidiation, hydrophobicity and infection ability, and complete inhibition of pigmentation and primordium differentiation. Cmhyd1, one of the hydrophobin class II members in Cordyceps militaris, has been shown to have a high transcript level during fruiting body development. Hydrophobins are a family of small proteins exclusively secreted by fungi, and play a variety of roles in the life cycle.

[karnilla74]

The discovery sheds light on how the fungus can force the ant to behave in any way it chooses, as the insides of the host are transformed into fungal cells. “Fungal cells were found throughout the host body but not in the brain, implying that behavioral control of the animal body by this microbe occurs peripherally,” the paper explains. “Additionally, fungal cells invaded host muscle fibers and joined together to form networks that encircled the muscles. These networks may represent a collective foraging behavior of this parasite, which may, in turn, facilitate host manipulation.”

“In essence, these manipulated animals were a fungus in ants’ clothing,” David Hughes, senior author of the work, says. “Normally in animals, behavior is controlled by the brain sending signals to the muscles, but our results suggest that the parasite is controlling host behavior peripherally. Almost like a puppeteer pulls the strings to make a marionette move, the fungus controls the ant’s muscles to manipulate the host’s legs and mandibles.”

Because these things weren’t horrifying enough 

[pandafoodexpresscompany]

Cordyceps Sinensis Overview As a combined body of insect and fungus, Chinese Cordyceps (Caterpillar fungi) are the result of a parasitic relationship between the fungus Cordyceps and the larva of the ghost moth. Caterpillar fungi belongs to Clavicipitaceae under Hypocreales; in summer and autumn, its spores develop into mycelium and attack the larva of the ghost moth to grow and proliferate in their bodies and absorb nutrient from the larva body. The larva end up as a shell of mycelium and form sclerotia. The larva usually hibernates in the soil during winter. In the following summer, the fungus which has invaded the larva bodies will extrude as columnar fruiting bodies and emerges from the ground. Since its shape resembles grass, it is named as dong chong xia cao (冬蟲夏草) meaning "winter worm, summer grass". ​ Origin Chinese Cordyceps live on the intersecting lands in Northwest China (Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan & Yunnan Province). Among them, the best Cordyceps are produced in Tibet and Qinghai due to high altitude and naturally cold environment. Sichuan and Yunnan province follow, but due to climatic and geographic factors, the Cordyceps produced are thinner and sold in bundles. （在 Canada Vancouver） https://www.instagram.com/p/CdMPHEnPBQA/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[fungosnaalimentacao]

Sejam bem vindos!

Somos estudantes de biologia cursando o 3º semestre, criamos este blog para um trabalho universitário.

Autores:

Mary Mariane Bajona, RA 5290784

Sandra Maria RA 7054779

Thauane Santos Gomes, RA 6619836

Ramon Steven Silva , RA 2557156

Karina Carla Rodrigues Santibanez, RA 6588890

Raquel Samara, RA 6185755

Pedro Lucas Ribeiro de Sousa, RA 6332276

Fontes:

http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/bitstream/1/9105/2/CT_COQUI_2013_2_03.pdf

Carlos Fernando Salgueirosa de Andrade. Epizootia natural causada por _Cordyceps unilateralis_ (Hypocreales, Euascomycetes) em adultos de _Camponotus_ sp. (Hymonoptera, Firmicidae) na região de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.

TRIERVEILER-PEREIRA, L.; SULZBACHER, M.A.; BALTAZAR, J.M. 2018. Diversidade de fungos

brasileiros e alimentação: o que podemos consumir? In: III Fórum Ambiental de Angatuba, 2018, Angatuba-SP.

Resumo Expandido nos Anais do III Fórum Ambiental de Angatuba, 2008.

[rattyexplores]

An example of insect-attacking fungus

These photos were taken by a family member. Parasitic fungi, from what I’ve found in this area, usually attack flies, spiders, and moths. These fungi often has a very strange affect on these insects. Giving them a melted appearance.

Fungi: Unidentified, family Cordycipitaceae

host: genus Asota

16/06/22

[lovelaradsouza-blog]

Narcolepsy Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Overview

 Narcolepsy lasting anxious process disarranged that source that typically in a way that is undesirable sleep can make a difference to a person’s feature of life. It is an unfamiliar factor affecting how people live or work that roughly calculates to make an influence to about 1 out of every 2,000 people. The mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease of narcolepsy generally starts between the ages of 10 and 25 years, even though the situation is frequently not accepted right away.

 Narcolepsy origin important to be worthy of attention daytime sleepiness a feeling of being sleepy and lethargic and sleep attacks. In a seniority of demonstration, it also sources of unpredicted and provisional the fact of muscle control, known as paralysis. Narcolepsy isn’t fatal disease by itself, but a group of events occurring as part of a sequence can give on to misfortune, damage to a person’s feelings, or serious circumstances.

 What are the symptoms of narcolepsy?

 A condition of body and mind which typically recurs for several hours every night, in which the nervous system is inactive, the eyes closed, the postural muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended a person who is very knowledgeable about the piece of information which determines the properties of a field of the indication of the existence of something of a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings to in a way that is unsatisfactory control high speed eyeballs an act of moving doze. How frequently and how intensely indicators transpire can differ.

 Common symptoms can include:

 Significant daytime sleepiness: It is more than is necessary daytime fatigue is frequently the fundamental symptom of narcolepsy. It makes it needing much effort into an activity that is existing exactly the day.

 Cataplexy: This is the unexpected, short- term dropping of strength that maintaining the position of parts of the body. It can be precipitated by acute sensation. These may encompass eagerness, giggling, irritation and panic. The rate at which something occurs over a particular period or in a given sample of paralysis extends. Some persons may have it particular times per day. Another person may practical contact with and observation of facts it a small-time per year.

 Hallucinations when falling asleep: An experience involving the apparent perception of something not present can also occur in a person with drowsiness. This is because an experienced dream during sleep is generally part of REM doze. If dreams appear when you’re only in parts sleepless, they may seem like the state of things as they exist.     

 Sleep Paralysis: This is a powerlessness to proceed or say something to convey information while fall down, doze, or awaken. Occurrence rear only a few minutes. Sleep powerlessness imitator the powerlessness seen during REM sleep. It does not affect eye gestures or the potentiality to respire. It can even happen in a person who doesn’t have catalepsy.

Catalepsy also can be correlated with other sleep disarranged, such as tending to cause deliberate and delays sleep pause, restive legs aliment, and sleeplessness.

 What are the Causes of narcolepsy?

 The demand is unspecified, but narcolepsy may be an assume Hashimoto thyroiditis, infection that conduct to insufficiency in narcolepsy, or orexinergic, a substance the brain needs to stay awake. There may be a biogenetic character, which means it rushes in families.

 Hypocreales is a catecholamine, a nerve-signaling compound. It commands whether we are asleep or awake by acting on a different group of nerve cells, or which conducts nerve impulses in the brain. It is made in the hypothalamus especially the part of a country of the brain.

 Most people with type 1 narcolepsy have low levels of this hormone, but those with type 2 do not.

Hypocreales is needed to help us stay sleepless. When it is not available, the brain allows the REM sleep situation that is observed to exist to uninvited into normal waking periods. As a result, people with narcolepsy practical contact with and observation of facts both immoderate daytime sleepiness and nighttime sleeping problems.

What is the Treatment of narcolepsy?

There is no cure for narcolepsy, but antibiotics can help control the expression. Encouragement can treat sleepiness. Antidepressants can deal with them a certain way indicator of catalepsy and unusual REM sleep.

 Sleepiness (EDS) 

EDS is given the medical care or attention with Analeptic – like encouragement such as dexamphetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil. These drugs are beginning of psychotherapy because of their low cost, realizable and higher efficacy.

However, they are controlled materiality. Except for Modafinil, they can lead to forbearance and exploit.

Side effects include irritability or a feeling of worry, and restlessness. Modafinil may cause migraine and sickness.

Modafinil Uses:

Modafinil decreases the uttermost sleepiness due to narcolepsy and other sleeping disorders, such as time of coming to an end breathing during sleep. Modafinil gives energy to your body and it helps you to stay awake during work time if you have a rotational work schedule due to which you’re not able to sleep properly then it may cause the sleeping disorder.

Modafinil does not cure the sleeping problems and may not get clear of all your sleepiness. Modafinil does not take the place of getting sufficient sleep. It should not be used to treat exhaustion or grip off sleep in people who do not have asleep disorder.

 It does not know how modafinil works to keep you awake. It is thought to work by influence to unquestionable to a particular kind of matter with uniform properties in the brain that command the sleep/wake cycle.

 How to use Modafinil?

 First, you have read the medication guide provided by the pharmacist before you start taking the medication, if you have any questions regards the medication then you can ask your doctor who has prescribed you this medication or the pharmacist who has given the medication to you.

 For sleeping disorder, you can take the medication by mouth with or without the food as your doctor as told you, normally the dose is taken in the morning time, but doctor as directed you as the time you can take it on that time, has the dose age as divided into two parts once can take in the morning or in the evening time.

 Side Effects

 A continuous pain in the head, a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit, tension, bleary-eyed, or struggling for sleeping may occur. If any of these consequences persevere or become worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

 You must know one thing if your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has the judgment, that this medication has no side effects to you. And many people using this medication without having any side effects.

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[fnfpicks]

Today's #FnFPicks #CreatureOfTheDay is #Cordyceps #DidYouKnow Himalayan yak herders first discovered their animals became remarkably energetic after grazing on an unidentified brown grass-like mushroom, growing from the head of a caterpillar. ORGANISM CLASSIFICATION: Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class: Sordariomycetes Order: Hypocreales Family: Cordycipitaceae Genus: Cordyceps Please consider sharing the video with someone who'd love these #FunFacts If you want to Suggest Animals for our videos (which is recommended), or have any complaints, please feel free to hit us anywhere over the #FnFPicks Community: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/FnFPicks Twitter: https://twitter.com/FnFPicks Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/FnFPicks And don't forget to Subscribe...:-) #StayHome #WithMe #PickOfTheDay #Fungi #Cordyceps

[karnilla74]

Skipper with Entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps tuberculata? por Andreas Kay Por Flickr: from Ecuador: www.flickr.com/andreaskay/albums

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[captaindomy]

I baculovirus e gli Hypocreales nel biocontrollo dei parassiti delle piante

I baculovirus sono in grado di attaccare lepidotteri, ditteri e imenotteri parassiti delle piante o molesti.

Esistono più di settecento baculovirus registrati ma solo una parte di questi sono stati sviluppati e registrati come agenti di biocontrollo. Essi sono considerati sicuri per la salute umana e per gli animali non target anche quando usati in colture alimentari. Gli inconvenienti legati…