#IBM 7030

[retrocompmx]

Efemérides Informática: 21 de junio de 1981

El 21 de junio de 1981 IBM retira de operaciones su último mainframe de la serie 7000, el modelo 7030 llamado STRETCH, una representante de las primeras supercomputadoras de transistores de IBM, mucho más rápidas y confiables que las de tubo de vacío. Innovaba porque tenía arquitectura de 64 bits. #retrocomputingmx #IBM #Stretch #ibm7030 #oldtech

[unixmaster]

The IBM Stretch: inside and out.

[vax-official]

Pretty much! It wasn't until the System/360 that scientific and business purposes were combined in an architecture and you had a convenient way to access both characters as well as fixed width words. (Maybe the IBM 7030)

I just went for a snappier explanation because I figured most readers would be surprised to hear about a machine with a word length that isn't a power of 2, let alone a multiple of 8.

As my first non-introduction post, here is the banner image of my blog, can you guess where this is from or what it is about?

[liveinthecloudlondon]

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[humanoidhistory]

The console of the IBM 7030 "Stretch" computer system, delivered to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in March 1961.

[panchul]

Экскурсия по Музею Истории Компьютеров в Калифорнии, с пользой для разработки. Часть 1. ENIAC, Stretch, CDC6600, IBM/360

Экскурсия по Музею Истории Компьютеров в Калифорнии, с пользой для разработки. Часть 1. ENIAC, Stretch, CDC6600, IBM/360

Господа! Сегодня мы пройдемся с сибирской девушкой Ириной по Музею истории компьютеров в Маунтин-Вью, Калифорния. Причем пройдемся не как туристы, а для принесения пользы России. Я уже писал в предыдущем посте, что один из эффективных способов для студента изучить проектирование процессоров – это взять какой-нибудь древний, но поучительный процессор, найди документацию по его архитектуре (и…

[jewish-privilege]

Dr. Gladys West, a mathematician and one of the so-called “Hidden Figures” who was lesser known for her contributions to inventing GPS, has been inducted into the Air Force Space and Missile Pioneers Hall of Fame.

A ceremony was held in West’s honor at the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., earlier this month, a local CBS affiliate reported on Tuesday. The induction is one of the Air Force's Space Commands highest honors.

West worked among a small group of women on computing for the U.S. military in the 1950s and 1960s, just before the era when the military began to usher in a wave of electronic systems, according to a news release from the Air Force Space Command Public Affairs office. That group was later depicted in the movie "Hidden Figures."

West began working at the U.S. Naval Weapons Laboratory as a mathematician in 1956, where she also participated in an award-winning study that proved “the regularity of Pluto’s motion relative to Neptune” in the early 1960s, according to the release.

That's where West also programmed an IBM 7030 “Stretch” computer that delivered refined calculations for an “extremely accurate geodetic Earth model, a geoid, optimized” for what would eventually become known across the world as the Global Positioning System (GPS) orbit, the release also states.

[introvertedone]

Today in #GeekHistory 9/5/1980: The last IBM 7030 (STRETCH) mainframe computer is decommissioned at Brigham Young University.

[thestorymonster]

Dr. Gladys West is a mathematician who helped develop the Global Positioning System (GPS). She wasn’t credited for her work until 2018 at the Virginia General Assembly. In the early 60s, West took part in an award-winning study that proved “the regularity of Pluto’s motion relative to Neptune”, according to a 2018 press release by the US air force. In 1979, she received a commendation for her hard work from her departmental head. She then became project manager for the Seasat radar altimetry project; Seasat was the first satellite that could monitor the oceans. She oversaw a team of five people. She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, which was significantly faster than other machines at the time, to provide calculations for an accurate geodetic Earth model. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit. #WomenHistMonth #WomensHistoryMonth #womenshistorymonth2022 https://www.instagram.com/p/Cbdu6PAL_Y_/?utm_medium=tumblr

[terrierbyteit]

Hiya folks it's been a great day. Just starting to plan our bathroom refit so going to get wet an messy real soon lol. Right onto Trivia Time So D.Y.K what happened on September 5th??. . 1980 - Last IBM “tretch”Computer Shut Down, The last IBM 7030 “tretch”ainframe in active use is decommissioned at Brigham Young University. The first Stretch was was delivered to Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1961, giving the model almost 20 years of operational service. The Stretch was famous for many things, but perhaps most notably it was the first IBM computer to use transistors instead of vacuum tubes, it was the first computer to be designed with the help of an earlier computer, and it was the world’ fastest computer from 1961 to 1964. . 2007 - Lulu sued Hulu over Similar Name, Lulu.com is a site that allows people to publish their own books. Hulu.com is an online video site. Still, Lulu felt that Hulu was way too close to their name, so they decided to file a lawsuit for similarity. Similarity of what? Now if you want to go sue someone who is backed by NBC Universal, you have a lot of marbles. Nonetheless, it sounds more like a publicity stunt for Lulu to get their name out. Well, the lawsuit was dropped on Oct. 22, and Hulu launched in Beta. Ultimately, by March 12th, 2008, Hulu.com was officially launched. . . . #TerrierByteIT #Wifeidge #computerhistory #computer #technology #history #computerscience #tech #computerhistorymuseum #computers #retro #vintage #retrotech #trivia #oldtechnology #techhistory #technologyhistory #computinghistory #oldcomputer #oldschool #informationtechnology #thisdayinhistory #internethistory #historyoftechnology #retrocomputer #oldtech #museum #vintagecomputer https://www.instagram.com/p/BnXDo1Nl8ks/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=6ij0mi5st74v

[fuzzysparrow]

A gigabyte (GB) is a unit of measurement used in computers and similar electronic devices that is equivalent to 1,000 megabytes. Werner Buchholz (1922-2019) is credited with coining the term 'byte' while working on the design of IBM's '7030 Stretch', the world's first supercomputer, in 1956. 'Giga' comes from a Greek word meaning giant.

There is some discrepancy between the number of bytes in a gigabyte, with some claiming 1,000,000,000 and others, 1,073,741,824. The International System of Units, which typically counts up in multiples of 10s, insists on the former definition. Early computers, however, relied on binary numbers, which had a base number of 2, therefore, the calculation differed. In an attempt to differentiate between the two numbers, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) proposed that 1,000 megabytes equated a 'gigabyte' and 1,024 megabytes totalled a 'gigibyte'. Unfortunately, the majority of the world has yet to adopt these names.

A gigabyte has been used as a unit of capacity measurement for data storage products since the mid-1980s. In recent years, larger units have been invented as storage capacities have become larger. One thousand gigabytes (1,024 gigibytes) equals one terabyte. Subsequently, 1,00,000 gigabytes (1,048,576 gigibytes) equals one petabyte, and 1,000,000,000 gigabytes (1,073,741,824 gigibytes) is equal to one exabyte. To put gigabytes into perspective, a CD containing 114 minutes of audio equates to one gigabyte (1GB).

[rmjagonshi]

Whole Again - Chapter 7

Whole Again on AO3

Stanford had been wandering back and forth between the main cabin and the engine room for nearly half the day. He’d heard some rifling of papers and the soft ‘thump’ of books being shifted and re-shelved. He also suspected Sixer had send a few texts out to Dipper; the telltale clicks of Ford’s untrimmed nails on the touch screen and quiet cursing as he struggled with the device. His Sixer would always be more comfortable with analogue medium, but Stan figured that slow adjustment to recent technology was due to Ford’s experience with alien technology. It was like trying to get a teen from today with smartphones and the internet to work and program an IBM 7030 supercomputer. Heck, he and Sixer had grown up during the golden age of super computers the size of whole rooms and he doubted either one of them could program one. Although, Ford had built an interdimensional gateway and Stan had built and programed an interdimensional biomolecular scanner, but…eh, it didn’t matter if the analogy worked exactly. Sixer would get the hang of texting eventually.

What bothered Stan now was the fact that Ford had been, not avoiding him exactly, but rather making an effort to be elsewhere. Stan wanted to head back into town and get the twins some presents, maybe even send them out if they could, but Sixer was too wrapped up in his current project. He was trying very, very hard not to let his worry tap into Sixer’s mind, and he was letting paranoia set in over Stanford’s knowledge of his ‘condition’. Sixer was fine. He hadn’t noticed anything. Stan had come up with reasonably credible excuses for his slip-ups. He was in the clear…right? Stanford was even warm and open that morning and showed no signs that he thought that an evil demonic dream triangle had been reborn as his brother and said brother had regained all his memories. If Stanford was acting normal, then it was all good…maybe. Stan knew he should have left well enough alone.

Sixer had had another nightmare. Stan had woken up to a damp shirt collar and Sixer reaching across the center table to wring his hands in Stan’s shirt. They’d been at sea for months, and sure Sixer had been struck by nightmares before, but he’d not actively reached out to Stan before. Stan was usually the one to initiate comfort. What had gotten Sixer worked up this time?

Stan had run his fingers over Ford’s, slowly urging him to let go so Stan could roll over. His eyes were met with Ford’s brow, beaded with cold sweat and eye’s clenched tight. He really shouldn’t risk it so soon, influencing his brother’s dreams, but his heart ached and Ford was unconsciously seeking comfort. He raised his hand, thumb faintly flickering blue and rubbed tiny circles beside Ford’s eye. Stan felt his eyes shift before being pulled into Ford’ dreams.

Bill…again. It usually was when Ford divulged the topic of his night terrors to Stan. Before it was reasonable, expected, and matched Stan’s own concerns. Now it was just wearisome and a bit annoying, if not troublesome now that Stan remembered. Now that he was slowly regaining his abilities. For now, he would deal with Ford’s fears and deal with the rest when it came; it really was physically taxing to do this in human form.

He Bill was again taunting Ford, reminding him of their deal, of how it had never been officially severed. It had as soon as Ford had stopped work-…wait. Had it? To break a deal, either partner had to retract their promise; He had supplied Stanford with the knowledge his brother craved and in return, Sixer had tried to build a portal. Succeeded in building. Sixer had succeeded and only after he realized where the portal opened to (after it was open) did he shut it down and make efforts to keep Stan Bill from entering his mind. Their deal, their bond, had never been revoked. Well, Shit. This put a wrench in the cogs. Damnit.

Stan let his dreamscape projection shift into the younger image that Ford’s mind designated and wandered into the wheat field. By the time he got to Sixer’s side, dreamBill had taken on his Bipper form (He didn’t care what Shooting Star said, it was a terrible name. It made it sound like they were a Power Couple), and Ford was in pleading and desperate tears. Now Ford’s actions made sense. Stan used his power to dispel Bipper the same way he had lost control before, by pulling Ford’s mental Mabel out and having her tickle the fiend into submitting. Looking back on it now, it was ingenious to use Dipper’s weakness against him, if a bit humiliating. The Bipper manifestation laughed himself into a puff of smoke and Stan drew out Ford’s inner Dipper to take his place.

Ford was exuberant. “KIDS!” He embraced the two siblings in a bone crushing embrace. “Oh, God, Thank you. Shhhh, it’s ok. I’ve got you. He’s gone now.” Ford rocked the two back and forth and the dream siblings responded the way Ford expected them to; they cried and clung back. Stan took the last few steps to reach them and laid a hand down on Sixer’s head, ruffling his hair. “You alright there, Poindexter?”

Sixer turned his head up to look at Stan, face still mended from the last time he was here, and took a sigh of relief. When Sixer didn’t say anything, just held the kids and smiled up at Stan. “You wanna take the kids and play on the swings, or give’em a tour o’ the Stan O’War?” He really didn’t know what to do here. Ford let go of the kids and stood, turning to face Stan. The siblings took each of Ford’s hands in theirs. “I think….that’s a great idea.” Ford’s face seemed to melt and lose all trace of fear or worry. “Well, let’s get to it.”

Stan stayed in Ford’s dream so long, he himself fell asleep, consciousness pulling back into his body just before falling into REM sleep. He’d woken up to a cup of coffee being held under his nose and Sixer smirking at him.      

They’d gone through the treasure haul after a few more cups of coffee each to help an embarrassing set of hangovers. The coins were sorted into piles based on metal type and likely country of origin; Stan had pulled up a book on Ford’s tablet on old coins that had helped and subtly showed Ford how to use the app. A number of coins were set in a bowl of distilled vinegar to get them clean. The gems were sorted by type, size and cut ; Stan kept some gems for himself and the kids: a pink rough stone that Ford identified as Tugtupite for Mable, a light blue and white swirl stone that reminded Stan of the color of the ocean near shore for Dipper (Ford called it Larimar), and a piece of ‘Fool’s Gold” for himself (he was all too familiar with it, having sold it in the Mystery Shack as real gold a few times). He urged Sixer to pick one out, finally choosing a piece of snowflake obsidian that had been shaped into a blade point. Stan also snagged a piece of rhodonite while Ford wasn’t looking. The rest were put in a pile to be dealt with in experimentation, gifts or be sold. Stan swiped a ring with two interlocking triangles. He also pretended not to see Ford wrap a leather band with a compass (Vegvisir, a symbol to provide guidance to wayward souls, Stan’s inner Nerd provided) around his left wrist and conveniently forget to take it off. There were a few other pendants with various symbols that Ford didn’t recognize and Stan refused to recognize and were set aside for later study. The scrolls were gathered and quickly brought to the top cabin with the rest of Stanford’s research material. And that was the last Stan saw of Ford, except for the occasional trip down to the engine room where Ford stored his more volatile experiments.

And that was it. Now here Stan was, sitting in the galley texting back and forth with Mabel about what they wanted for Christmas and assuring her that he and his brother didn’t need presents (and not being able to give her an address to send it to anyway). And Ford was furtively zipping back and forth between the cabin and the engine room, trailing papers, and rank odors with him.  

Stanford’s actions were normal, (well normal for Stanford, they were bordering on unhinged for other people) so everything was fine. He just need to play the part of lovable and eccentric con man until he could adjust to his new memories. He could do that. He’d been a con man his whole existence, it was his bread and butter. However, he had never had to beat down an oncoming existential crisis that he could not deal with in present company.

What was even more alarming, was Mable had picked up on his suspicious knowledge. Mabel had been working on some holiday chemistry homework  and was having difficulty figuring out how to balance chemical equations and Dipper was texting Ford.

I wanna ask Grunkle Ford how to do it, but Dipper has been texting him for like 10 whole hours about science.

Maybe I could help.

No offense Grunkle Stan, but you’re not all that sciencey.

Try me.

She sent over a picture of her homework and Stan worked it out on a napkin. It really was simple,

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

He took a picture of his work and sent it back to her with a brief explanation.

You have to remember to count your elements. See how there are 18 O’s on the left, you have to keep the same amount on the right. Take a look at your next problem and work it through with me.

Wow Grunkle Stan! I just checked with Dipper and it was right! Did Grunkle Ford help you?

Crap.

Hey, I know some science too, I fixed the portal remember.

True. Ok, the next one has a lot of B’s in it.

They worked through the second problem together and he instructed her to try the next few on her own. He needed to be more careful.

*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*

It was two hours until dinner when Ford came down and approached Stan. Stan, meanwhile, had kept himself busy by flipping through several different online articles on dream psychology and mental manipulation while having an Arctic Fishing article open in case Ford walked too close.

Ford looked exhausted, and a bit crazed, like he’d been obsessing over something. However, as soon as he noticed Stan looking, his demeanor changed, perked, and nearly split his face with a disingenuous grin. Stan did his best not to be offended by his brother hiding things. Ford was an inherently closeted person; wasn’t the whole reason everything came crashing down around them was Stanford’s inability to place his trust in others? He’d been trying, so, so hard, Stan wasn’t expecting Ford to share everything.

And, he would be a hypocrite if he said there should be no secrets between them. Ford wasn’t the only one hiding behind a veil of charm.  

“How are you feeling about heading out for dinner tonight? We’ve got a few more days before we need to renew our tourist visas.” Stan blinked at his own choice of words. He had become acutely aware that his inner voice and speaking voice no longer mimicked one another. He had tried to continue his habit of running words together and using slang; He’d let his accent slip. Stan wanted to blame it on the fact that he hadn’t spoken much that day. It sounded like he was trying to convince himself. The truth was, it was exhausting, needing to be careful about his pronunciations, how much knowledge he had (he’d already let some things slip), and how much he was aware of the things around him.

Ford, however, didn’t respond, either waving it off or just not taking the time to care. All he did was collect the envelope of local currency from the drawer by the stairs, and smiled at Stan. “Bistro?” Stan nodded, “Sure.”

Ford looked…soft. Just…soft. Stan was overwhelmed by the desire to hug his brother, to bury his face in the crook of Sixer’s neck and…and what? His gums tingled. He wished he still had real teeth.

Stan blinked his mind clear and watched Ford take the steps to the main cabin. He joined Ford on deck not to long after, choosing to throw on his red and gold leaf Hawaiian shirt under his trench coat as an excuse for dawdling. It was happening again.

*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*

An hour and a half later they were walking along the boardwalk, a bit reminiscent of the one in Glass Shard Beach, although the chill November air and soft snow meant everything was closed for the season. They’d eaten at a tiny little diner about a seven-minute taxi ride from the docks. The interior had been done up in brick and arches and looked like and old subway tunnel system. They served soul food, and Stan felt his mouth water at the broasted chicken while Ford hummed with delight at baked ziti. Greasy though his meal was, Stan liked at every morsel. They had shared a fudge lava cake for desert. No alcohol this time; they’d learned their lesson.

Ford had suggested they walk back to the docks, ‘to work-off their dinner’ as the saying goes, but Stan could sense Ford was trying to ease back into walking. They were both still sore from overexerting themselves; part of the reason they’d indulged the night before, to numb the pain. Ford had developed a multicolored bruise on his abdomen, but the swelling in his hand had gone down enough that he could use it, albeit still weak. Stan hesitated only a few moments before interlacing his fingers with Ford’s, protecting it, keeping it.

Damnit! It was starting again. He was losing control of his thoughts; impulses creeping in to take over his mind and his new mental state not being one that complied with ignoring those impulses. Not that he ever had it easy denying his impulses, but when he had been just half of who he is, it had been somewhat easier. There had also been consequences then; not so much in the Nightmare Realm.

They walked hand in hand, slowly, taking their time and easing their muscles back into working normally. Stan supporting his brother only occasionally on the way back, prompting them to take it slower, take in the sights, and just be for a bit. It seemed to do them both good. They laughed and pointed at things, snapping pictures, and purchasing some souvenirs for the kids; a book on Nordic culture for Dipper (Ford had decided to add his own notes before sending it off), and a stuffed Puffin for Mabel (Stan thought the blue bow tied around its neck added to its appeal).

When they reached the boardwalk, it had started to snow. Soft, tiny flakes floating down and catching the light from the streetlights and the setting sun. The sky was sparkling. Ford had let go of his hand and before he had even fully turned to see why, Ford had hurled some snow that had collected on the dock railing at his face. It wasn’t much, the fresh stuff had only just started to fall and anything older having frozen solid and made for dangerous horseplay. It was still enough for Stan to reach out and snag Ford by his hood and yank him into a noogie. Not a hard one, just a hard ruffling of his hair and trapping Ford’s head under his arm. “Ow, hey! Stan, let go!”

Stan ran his fingers through Ford’s hair and over his scalp a few more times before letting go, chuckling though a playful sneer. Ford rubbed his head softly, mouth twisted between a frown and a smirk. Ford lightly pushed at his shoulder before taking his hand again.

Stan missed this. He’d missed his brother, of course, but these simple little things, these happy moments where nothing was wrong, nothing was worrying them, he’d missed these the most. Just sharing time, sharing space. They were bother here, both happy, healthy, and doing wat they always dreamed. Stan felt the need to hug his brother once again, to feel Ford’s body pressed against his, feel the pulse under his fingers and just know that Ford was there. But he resisted, mind churning at the very idea that he would ignore an impulse again.

They stopped in front of a close skeet ball game, teasing each other about playing it for hours and competing for the high score. Stan had gifted a red frog (he thought) with a black bowtie and grey shorts to Ford that had sat at the food of the top bunk for a few years (until it got pushed off by Ford’s ginormous pile of books, then it sat on the floor as a guard for Fort Stan).

Ford just laughed at remembering the hideous thing, reveling that it had given him nightmares and that was why he kicked the damn thing off. “Why didn’t you tell me sooner, I would’a won you something else!” Stan gasped though laughter. Ford smiled sadly, “I didn’t want to hurt your feelings. You were so excited the day you brought it home.”

Stan just punched Ford’s arm, playfully, and leaned against the railing, back to the water and facing his brother. Ford mimicked him, arms crossed over the rail, to watch the waves crash against the frozen beach. The snow had picked up some and fat snowflake clusters tangled in Ford’s hair, making him look mystical…otherworldly.    

He loved his brother’s face. He was acutely cognizant that they, as twins, had similar facial features. But they were fraternal twins, not identical, and Stanford just…wore it better. Stan played it like he was the better-looking twin, but he knew it was just show; Ford could look marvelous without even trying. It really hadn’t helped that Ford could kill the ‘sexy librarian’ look with his sweater vests and open collar button-downs. His brother always assumed that he was stigmatized by his abnormality in high school. Stan was reluctant to say the opposite was true. Ford was a magnet for people, he was just too oblivious when people flirted with him that he’d never noticed. His obsession with Cathy Crenshaw had acted against him, making him blind to all other offers; including mine.

Stan was willing to admit that he had flirted with his brother, at first inadvertently as he was a natural flirt and did it without thinking, but then he’d done it with intention. Ford looked good. Even when he was covered in sweat and sand from the beach and sunburnt in mismatched splotches. Even when sleep deprived and had avoided showering for days. Even when he had drunk way too much coffee and was bleeding from his right eye. Even when he had been filled with rage and fear, and helpless and even when the electricity had made him lose control of his bowels (Stan Bill had taken care of that though).

Ford’s face was bright, reflecting the last of the sun’s rays. Being outdoors had done wonders for his complexion. His face was full of color, his cheeks soft, and his chin only slightly dark with hair beneath the skin. Stan wanted to bite him. Bite that smooth and baby soft beside his eye. He wanted to pinch Fords ears, to tug on the lobes and stretch them out. He wanted needed to leave bite marks all along Ford’s face and body. To grab at Ford’s hips and tear into his abdomen, Stan was certain he could extend his jaw far enough to get it in one bite. He needed to rip off Sixer’s extra finger’s and string them around his neck to wear as a keepsake. He wanted to rip IQ’s head off and just nuzzle at his cute brother’s face.

Stan could feel the wood fracturing under his hand with how tight he had been gripping the railing. His mind baulked and he tried desperately to not choke on a rush of bile. He failed. He leaned far over and away from Ford while he coughed up stomach acid and a bit of dinner. NO!

Ford was at his side in an instant, hand rubbing his back and trying to shush Stan’s pained groans, saying “I told you to eat something light. Grease increases the production of stomach acid and without the proper amount of…” Stan sopped listening. He knew that. Just like he knew that the chicken hadn’t done this to him. No, it was your own fucked up head that made you up-chuck. He should be lucky it was just acid reflux and not his whole dinner. That would be embarrassing; stupid American tourist blows chunks off Reykjavik boardwalk, yeah that would go well.

His throat burned and he felt himself wheezing when he tried to catch his breath. He’d inhaled some. Though the pain was distracting him from the…thoughts he’d had. It seared, but he’d take it over the alternative. He was done with that! No more violent thoughts. No more freakish clinginess. No more biting fantasies. It didn’t matter if it was the brain’s way of dealing with over affection (human brains were fucked up and inefficient at storing and processing data anyway).

Ford rubbed at his back again, frowning, and taking Stan by the hand again. “Let’s head back, it’s late. And we can get these presents wrapped and in the mail tomorrow afternoon.” Ford readjusted the backpack that contained the niblings’ presents. Stan just followed, grumbling about being old to keep his brain occupied.

It wasn’t far from the boardwalk to the fishing dock, maybe twenty minutes’ walk at a brisk pace, thirty-five at their pace. They made it just as the last rays of sunlight melted away below the horizon.

Stan pulled out a bottle of water to ease the pain in his throat as Ford unpacked, placing the book upstairs to add to later. He entered the galley as Stan started convulsing, coughing and shaking to pull in a breath. Ford just smacked Stan on the back several times as Stan leaned over the sink.

“You really need to start thinking about your health. I’ve seen you eat, Stan. No amount of exercise on a boat is going to magically make up for a lifetime of poor eating habits.” Stan just groused. He knew he wasn’t ‘healthy’ by any doctor’s standards, but he was far healthier than he had been in years, both physically and mentally. Well sorta. So what if he indulged in fried foods when they made port. And ate brown meat…and…fine.

Stan felt another rise of bile, but kept it down with a groan.

“Alight, Sixer, but I’m gonna make you a deal. I start eating healthy and stop eating that ‘disgusting brown meat’ if you,” he jabbed at Ford’s chest with a finger, “start being more careful when we go out. That side of yours is still bruised and you still can’t grip anything with your hand.”

Ford looked annoyed and weary. But after a moment, he sighed and nodded. “Fine.” Stan grinned.      

Stan reached out, palm open and fingers splayed to shake Ford’s hand. The universal gesture for making a deal. His hand wreathed in blue flame

His grin dropped from his face, replaced with horror as he pulled his hand away and shook it rapidly, putting the fire seal out. He turned to Ford, trepidation marring his face, his eyes wide, mouth slightly agape, a nervous laugh escaping his throat.

Ford looked shell shocked.

Fuck.

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Chapter 1

[summaryanalysisessay129]

writing help

About me

Typewriter Paper By Chronicle Books Llc

Typewriter Paper By Chronicle Books Llc Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The Relay Interpolator used 440 relays, and because it was programmable by paper tape, was used for different applications following the warfare. I felt lucky after I received a typewriter with an erase key and I didn’t have to use white-out to erase any typos. I also bear in mind using a mimeograph machine to make copies of press releases to ship in envelopes to the media. Because 750 words is nothing to sneeze at, it's also good to have a simple approach to know what number of words you need to go. All they did was pay once and they got all the underground papers. Each underground paper fulfilled the subscription and the cash went to UPS. The first IBM system to incorporate Intel´s chip, the company ships more than 1 million models by the tip of the primary yr. IBM launched a brand new working system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the primary time. Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array standard for IBM computer systems. It was transferred to the Department of Physics on the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. A whole of ten Colossi had been delivered, each utilizing as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. A sequence of pulleys transported steady rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a specific code. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. It was additionally repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its thirteen-year lifespan. Many progressive programs have been created for Johnniac, together with the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many customers to simultaneously access the machine. While many early digital computer systems have been based mostly on related designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research to be used in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used uncommon 12-hole paper tape. The means we financed it was, at that time, issues like Time/Life had been getting involved within the underground papers. So we figured we’d promote them a subscription to all the papers. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor working at 1 MHz. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major participant within the private pc market into the 1990s. Under the course of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable private laptop prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. IBM’s first private computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT show, and cassette tape storage. The Johnniac computer is certainly one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study pc. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and pc pioneer of the day. Friedl used the SCAMP prototype to achieve approval within IBM to promote and develop IBM’s 5100 household of computers, together with probably the most profitable, the 5150, also referred to as the IBM Personal Computer , launched in 1981. From concept to completed system, SCAMP took solely six months to develop. The Control Data Corporation performs up to three million instructions per second —3 times quicker than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the quickest computer on the planet till surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. Part of the speed came from the pc´s design, which used 10 small computers, generally known as peripheral processing items, to offload the workload from the central processor. This web site of course tracks your word count always and allows you to know if you've passed the blessed 750 mark. And it gives you a pleasant huge display to write down on, automatically scrolls as you write , and mechanically saves your writing as you go. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Most historians believe that the usage of Colossus machines considerably shortened the struggle by offering evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. The machine’s existence was not made public till the Nineteen Seventies. The US Army asked Bell Laboratories to design a machine to assist in testing its M-9 gun director, a type of analog pc that goals large guns to their targets. The system was IBM's response to shedding control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by “clone” makers. Called a “complicated instruction set pc,” VAX systems were backward appropriate and so preserved the investment homeowners of earlier DEC computers had in software program. The first of a number of private computers launched in 1977, the PET comes totally assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a constructed-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. The PET was well-liked with schools and to be used as a house laptop.

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Created by Seymour Crazy, the CDC 6600 is generally considered to be the first successful supercomputer, it outperformed the industry's prior recordholder, the IBM 7030 Stretch, by a factor of three. With performance of up to three megaFLOPS, the CDC 6600 was the world's fastest computer from 1964 to 1969. https://ift.tt/39B3PU2

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On Day 6 of #BlackHistoryMonth we are honoring the amazing Dr. Gladys West, Ph.D. The woman responsible for GPS. West was inducted into the Air Force Space and Missile Pioneers Hall of Fame in December 2018, the organization hailed her as the hidden figure whose mathematical work lead to the invention of the Global Positioning System (GPS). In 1956, she began working at the U.S. Naval Weapons Laboratory and helped produce a study that proved the regularity of Pluto’s motion relative to Neptune. Also while at U.S. Naval Weapons Laboratory, she programmed an IBM 7030 “Stretch” computer that delivered refined calculations for an “extremely accurate geodetic Earth model, a geoid, optimized” for what would eventually become known as GPS. https://www.instagram.com/p/B8PN2vPAG7z/?igshid=eb8ctu5jew3h

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Tal día como hoy el año 1922, nace en Alemania, Werner Buchholz, científico informático famoso por haber propuesto el término byte. Werner Buchholz en 1957 acuñó el término “byte” durante las primeras fases de diseño del IBM 7030 Stretch.  El byte fue originalmente fue definido en instrucciones de 4 bits, permitiendo desde uno hasta dieciséis bits en un byte. Los equipos típicos de E/S de este periodo utilizaban unidades de seis bits. Un tamaño fijo de byte de 8 bits se adoptó posteriormente y se promulgó como un estándar por el IBM S/360. En el año 1990, Buchholz recibió el premio "IEEE Computer Pioneer Award", otorgado desde el año 1981 para reconocer y honrar a las personas cuyo esfuerzo se tradujo en la creación y la vitalidad de la industria informática Byte proviene de bite (en inglés "mordisco"), como la cantidad más pequeña de datos que un ordenador puede "morder" a la vez.  El cambio de letra no solo redujo la posibilidad de confundirlo con “bit”, sino que también era consistente con la afición de los primeros científicos en computación en crear palabras y cambiar letras. Ya para los años 1960, en el Departamento de Educación de IBM del Reino Unido se enseñaba que un bit era un “Binary digIT” y un byte era un “BinarY TuplE”. . . . #Informática #InfoTios #efemerides #Tecnologia #TalDiaComoHoy #HistoriaDeLaComputacion #TBT https://www.instagram.com/p/B3_v0g3h2LD/?igshid=1skpjqn03w8rk