#Jinzhou Medical University

[n0tamused]

Came across House of Dragons and kinda got invested then I saw you accept Jiyan requests so now I’m kinda thinking what a mixture of the two would be like….Jiyan with his own dragon riding in Westeros…Jiyan courting you despite protests from his court…Jiyan protecting his queen from anyone that tries to hurt her or his heirs…idk I am just a causal watcher I have no clue what’s actually going on in GoT and HoD tbh

A/n: I'm uploading this from my phone because I just can't wait to post this, so if there's formatting or grammar errors - rest assured, I'll do my best to get to it once I get on my laptop. Where do I begin though? 😭 My goodness, you couldn't have sent me a better idea than this one oml. I'm smooching you on the head istg, thank you so much for this request! And I hope you enjoy this jumbled ramble <3 I'd love to do more of this little au and I most definitely will, and for some other characters as well.

Contents: Jiyan x Reader, headcanons, you/yours, written with a F! Reader in mind, dragonrider reader and Jiyan, Game of Thrones/House of The Dragon universe, pregnancy, angst, happy ending, somewhat arranged marriage lol, tell me if there's anything else to tag.

-War had taken many noble houses to an early grave, leaving behind nothing but ghosts and ruin over the vast lands. The ones that remained standing were either the rich or the cruel. All except one.

-Jiyan, originally hailing from Jinzhou, and belonging to no noble or rich lineage. His mother was a notorious healer, and his father had long been lost to travels and war himself.

-He had joined the battles as a young green boy alongside his mother, moving beside the long columns of soldiers in their tattered armor and ringmail. All he could do was stare at them in wonder and question - Why do they spill so much blood? For what?

-There was no looming threat of the Others coming to claim their lives, it was just them - the people and the common folk, yet they fought each other like animals for a few extra inches of land or a few extra coppers in their liege lord's pocket.

-As much as Jiyan didn't wish to engage in the art of war and bloodshed and only wanted to heal and save, it became apparent, all too soon, that the way to survival and peace was through battle. Healing will get him nowhere, and if a good commander was not put at the front, it wouldn't matter how well he healed if two in three soldiers died, even after receiving his aid.

-The war changed him, hardened his heart and fortified his mind, until the healer he once was became only a distant memory. Spear replaced herbs, and instead of the tattered medic tunic he now donned armor and ringmail. A companion also joined his side after he ran into a deep cavern for safety during one particular battle. A large unclaimed dragon, which nearly took his head off now stood at his side like a mountain, guardian him day and night and heralding the doom of his enemies with a thunderous roar and loud snap of it's wings. The dragon was a beautiful pale green, with bronze horns and amber eyes with darker lines of green running over its back. It was a beauty as much as it was a beast. Men quickly took to respect him, and it became evident Jiyan’s person hid many talents besides that for medical aid and spear holding.

-The previous commander perished, another life taken by the savage ways of war, and Jiyan was appointed as the new commander by the soldiers after he rose to the occasion - having led them to success in war, as well as safety when the odds did not favor them.

-It was during his reign as the lead commander that the lands saw the end of the war. Blood was shed, yes, but not for naught.

-Upon his return to the central city, the throne was found vacant, the king slain along with his entire council. The word of it was that they were taken unawares from the seaside, and had no ways of defense, as all the manpower was at the front lines

-Jiyan came into his rule as king at a young age, far too soon, and yet despite all the doubt he had flourished quickly. Proving himself as an able and just ruler, unlike the ones that came before, his foundation as a commander giving him good wind in the back

-The city wasn't in good condition after the war, but in the years following Jiyan had sent many commands that would aid in its rebuilding

-Slowly, but surely, the common folk started to feel the dawn of a new age - summer has finally come.

-The one thing Jiyan has gladly forgotten about was marriage. As a king, it was expected of him to take a bride to be his queen, to have heirs and to start a new lineage that would, hopefully, carry better blood instead of the hot blood that sought destruction. It wasn't something he often thought about as other duties preoccupied him day in and day out. But it was neither something he was against.. Deep in his heart he would admit a thought of his own family did make him feel…alive. But how would that family fare in these conditions? With his status? This was nothing like his small village he grew up in, so the image he once had in his mind was no longer so clear.

-His mother was a person he'd eventually seek advice from regarding such tender subjects, earning himself a laugh occasionally, as his cluelessness was rather amusing. Where other Kings misused their power and gave commands as they saw fit, Jiyan exercised caution, and even sympathy for the bride he didn't even have yet.

-Eventually, a match was arranged, between him and a lady of a higher birth. His mother had met you before he did and vouched for your good character - but Jiyan remained nervous, vowing to keep his judgment and thoughts to himself until he met you himself.

-Your journey to the city was a long one, yet you entered the long and towering palace halls like a breath of fresh air. Keeping your lady wits about yourself and keeping your courtesies with you, you had quickly rubbed off on Jiyan. The wedding was still a matter of question, as Jiyan had insisted on giving you and your family the due time to explore the city and to see whether this was truly something they wanted to go through with. His compassion was answered in kind by many gifts sent from the city they hailed from, consisting of foreign fruits and vegetables to cattle and coins and silks.

-It was endearing. And the courtship between Jiyan and (Y/n) soon began, as the former began to make moves. He preferred to do so in some amounts of privacy, as the many eyes that followed him as King were uncomfortable and he swore he could never get used to them.

-This seemed to please and comfort his bride-to-be as well, and both of them would show their true colors. It was a rare thing for a royal match to be founded in love rather than simple responsibilities to make heirs, but it wasn't unheard of either.

-What they both had in common was that they were dragon riders. (Y/n)’s dragon was a stark comparison to his own with red scales and two pairs of black horns and dark amber eyes, the underside of the dragon’s wings being a shade of yellow that looked like gold under the sunlight. It was a terrifying dragon, arguably even more scary than his own mount.

-When no one was looking, the two would go down to the Dragon Pit and take their dragons to the skies, racing over the cities with one another or going over the seas to breathe the salty air. It was an escape from duty as well. The moment their dragons took to air, all status and responsibilities remained on the ground, and only the sky was the limit to their freedom.

-Jiyan relished in this freedom like a luxurious drink he could never tire of, and your laughter was a sound like no other.

-The dragons took to liking one another as well, and would dance in the air while the pair were seated on their backs, spinning and falling, and right before the ground came too close they'd pull away and take to the skies once more.

-The commonfolk took this as a good omen. The dragons ruled the skies again, and a good King was on the throne, with a good queen soon to join him.

-Jiyan would find himself inviting (Y/n) to his chambers in early mornings to break their fast together or late dinners to share their day with one another. It was as if the two were already married. And even that wasn't too far from coming true.

-The wedding was a big event. Tables and tents were set all the way out and around the keep as well as in the big ballroom inside. Although Jiyan would've preferred to keep the celebrations a modest one, the council insisted that this occasion warranted the eyes of everyone, the joy had to be shared. This once he gave in to their requests.

-Flower petals were thrown on them as they passed by the rows of commonfolk standing at the sides of the rode, him and his Queen riding at the back of an open carriage dragged by four horses, white and elegant with plumes in their manes. Everything was near perfect and out of a fairy tale.

-King and Queen would share their dance in the ballroom once they returned from the High Sept where they got married before the priest, sharing their first kiss - something Jiyan made sure to cover and hide to the best of his abilities by pulling your veil over both of your faces.

-The celebration lasted all the way into the eerie hours of the night. And both Jiyan and you were exhausted, and upon retiring to your shared bed chamber you simply collapsed onto the plush mattress.

-That night, Jiyan fell asleep with his lover in his arms, watching your soft breaths make your chest rise and fall in slow successions, his fingertips tracing the lines of your face and the skin of your back, until he couldn't resist the urge to sleep.

-This wasn't a life Jiyan asked for…but it was one he was glad for.

-Children came later. A lovely little daughter being the first to be born of the love from the King and Queen, bearing the signature feature of you. Jiyan was beyond happy.

-During the birth of his daughter he was in the city, conducting business over a new architecture project when news arrived that his Queen had gone into labor. It is believed he had never dropped a matter as quickly as he did that day, racing back to the keep and searching for his wife.

-Despite the protests of the midwives, he responded only to you, racing to your side and giving you comfort and encouragement if nothing else, welcoming the fruit of your shared love together. It was the first time Jiyan ever cried in front of anyone else. He had delegated some more of his duties to the others in favor of having the time to spend with his newborn and you, helping you recover from the birth.

-It wasn't rare to see Jiyan roaming the dark halls in the middle of the night to visit the kitchens for food for you, bringing back foods and snacks, whatever you wished, even the weird food cravings. Hell, sometimes he'd indulge in them alongside you. Once, during your first pregnancy you requested a big honeycomb, and it just happened Jiyan felt like a sweettooth that evening as well. That ended with you sharing quite a candid moment, lips sticky with honey with a waxy feel between your teeth as you tried not to laugh at one another.

-The second pregnancy was a boy, following two years after the daughter was born, and he came with a little more trouble. The new prince was quite a big baby, and the birth left you even more exhausted. A fever soon settled within you, greatly worrying Jiyan and the entire council. You could barely hold the boy to feed him without shaking, and the fever lasted for days.

-It was the scariest time of Jiyan’s life. Any moment spent away from you plunged a dagger into his heart that twisted itself further in. It pained him. And he nearly got sick himself from worry.

-There were maids around you constantly, when he couldn't assist you it was them that took care of you. His mother was close by as well, bringing you great herbal teas and green tea cakes and broths. The time for you was a blur, filled with uncomfortable heat of your body and sticky feelings of sweat.. does it ever end?

-It was as if the whe world was plunged into depression once you fell ill. Dark clouds corresponded with Jiyan’s bitter and grieving mood, and the dragons themselves were restless. In this time, the others, outside of his kingdom, saw it fit to attack and plunder the neighboring villages and cities.

-You had recovered enough to talk, but your days were still mostly spent by sleeping and eating.

-You could vaguely remember seeing Jiyan entering your chamber, holding your son for a short while before putting him back in his crib. A concerned look pinched his brows together, you could remember, as his gaze went to you.

- “My love?... Are you alright?” He'd ask as he kneeled by the side of your bed, taking your hand in both of his and kissing the knuckles that felt like they were ablaze underneath his lips. He was dressed in all armor, a sword at his hip. Why was he leaving?.. Where?

-It all seemed like a dream, an illusion borne from your illness, but it was real. He had a duty over the kingdom, and over you. Yet it pained him no less to leave the place he was closest to you. He had entrusted your care to his mother and the maids, and he had already bid farewell to your daughter. She had clung to him like a moss clings to a tree, asking him when he'd return.

-You couldn't give a reply, staring somewhere through him.

-Has the reign of peace perished so quickly?

-His dragon waited at the Dragonpits, and the troops were already marching out of the city gates when he took to fly over them, leading them to the front lines once more.

-You recovered in the following days, finding yourself alone - not literally, as there were maids and servants all flocking to you, but Jiyan wasn't there. His Hand sat the throne instead of him. And your children had grown significantly, as if years had passed instead of several days.

-Responsibilities choked you until you began to move, throwing yourself back into work and and duty. Your son was always at your hip or breast, making up for the time lost. And your daughter was always pulling at your skirts unless she was at her lessons.

-It was a restless period, and a terrifying one. The first letter you sent to Jiyan was met with an ecstatic response, him being overjoyed you were healthy again, yet he encouraged you to rest more.

-His other letters brought bitter news of losses and bloodshed and treason, but he reassured they were holding strong. You could only believe him.

-Months passed. Months. And a letter from Jiyan was yet to come in. It worried you. This everlasting silence, it was of more concern than the sorrowful letters.

-During one evening as you sat on one of the tall balconies of the palace, overlooking the city as your son cooed in your arms, you heard a shriek. One coming from your dragon in the Dragonpits. The dragon was as restless as you, her calls weren't foreign to hear, but this time her shriek was returned by a call of another.

-Your husband's dragon flew down from the murky clouds. The green dragon roared, splitting the sound mid air, earning another roar from your own dragon.

-Jiyan has returned.

-You’re unsure how you raced so quickly down to meet him, with a babe in your arms and not properly dressed either. Appearances didn't matter. Your husband's return did. He mattered.

-And once you saw one another, nothing else could hold you back from running into eachother’s arms, the baby carefully tucked between the two of you in a protective embrace as Jiyan kissed both of your heads, pressing his forehead against yours soon after, laughter shaking his shoulders and chest.

-He was sure he could cry right now, and seeing you shed tears of joy almost encouraged him.

-Jiyan knew he'd split the world in half if it meant keeping you whole and with him.

Ⓒ n0tamused. Do not repost, translate, edit, and/or copy any of my works. Likes, comments, and reblogs are appreciated.

[stagark]

Warmth Amidst Dust

Gender-neutral Reader & Jiyan Comfort

Minors DNI - this blog writes dark and sexual content.

Content warnings: Panic/anxiety/ptsd attacks, left vague but reader experiences extreme dissociation and derealization and struggles to breathe due to anxious thoughts. Mentions of minor character death, paranoia on reader’s part. Basically, reader has a panic attack and Jiyan holds you while you breathe. Please be aware of the tags and do not read if these topics may trigger you.

Can be interpreted as romantic or platonic! You are a soldier under General Jiyan who has pushed yourself too hard recently, causing panic attacks. General Jiyan noticed and offered a shoulder to hold while you relearn how to breathe.

Word count: 1.5k - Also read on Ao3

You never once thought you would ever thank the dust of Norfall Barrens. As a rookie soldier you had grimaced through it, determined to protect the city you loved despite the discomforts and hardship of enlisting in the Midnight Rangers.

But now, three years later, it was a welcome respite from the sharp, biting winds. The particles stuck to your sweat-slick skin, a grimy but effective layer that allowed you to fight the abominations with a shield from the bone-chilling wind streams. The icy breeze got to you over time, seeming to attack your skin at every opportunity, leaving your limbs tender and your bones brittle.

Unexpectedly, what relieved the wind chill the most was another gale, one scripted by your trusted general, Jiyan. He moved like a deadly dancer guided by a loong dragon’s spirit. It was clear your sentinel itself chose Jinzhou’s general, his unwavering sense of justice an arrowhead directing the war against the Lament’s effects.

A composed man who overflowed with warmth and care at his core, he warmed every space he ever entered both with his aero resonance and his very spirit. The medic turned leader was almost universally beloved, a man who faught alongside his soldiers, a voice of strength and reason so desperately needed in and out of the battle field. His mere presence strengthened resolve against the Lament’s corruption, igniting and directing soldiers’ will to fight for their home like the strong tendrils of wind that uplift gentle embers into roaring and ferocious wildfires. His guidance inspired you and so many others, and you worked hard to earn your place in a unit directly below him.

The call of your name by one of your companions shook you out of your thoughts. In the relative safety of your camp you were able to let your mind float following your shifts on watch. You tended to do that more often these days. Only in battle was your mind sharp; otherwise you were simply a shell of a human, no different from a golden echo on the field. Warmth graced your hands in the form of a bowl of hot soup, the scent of spices wafted into your nose, a very welcome surprise. Such commodities were rare these days, perking up even your dulled senses.

“Come on, I know you’re tired from your shift but we have a feast prepared today!” a new fellow you fought alongside with today called at you with a smile. You managed to offer one back. A feast in these parts meant warm food and extra proteins, and spices it seemed, this time. A welcome blessing in this hell. While you’re sure you would be glad, truly, your soul never stirred in celebrating any longer. Years of war had stolen your life force, only your determination and spite sustaining you. But it was easy to wear a mask of normalcy, falling into habits to alleviate your mind of a little bit of stress, letting your consciousness float and watch your body acting from above you, a spectator instead of a player.

The warmth of the bowl certainly sang to your body, blood pumping heartily from the sustenance. But your mind was as barren as the lands you camped on, a floating ghost devoid of nearly everything, that only came to life with skill and sharpness gifted to you in battle by adrenaline.

That very familiar chemical rushed through your veins, releasing your body from its cold prison and igniting your muscles to tense, ready for action. A foreign sound had resonated around you, causing the adrenaline to release. The call was loud at first, a deep bellow sounded, followed by quick, breathless exhales of mirth and an echo of the very sound by vaguely familiar voices. It occurred to you then: laughter. The noise was laughter. You shifted your gaze around the camp, finding the young soldier who handed you a bowl howling heartily with some senior officers. How long had it been since you had heard laughter for it to sound so foreign to you?

You truly didn’t know.

It wasn’t unwelcome, but it was a disruption to your routine that allowed the voices in your head to rise louder, your mind waking to make sense of the new occasion.

What was the joke, why was your comrade so happy? asked your mind. Mild annoyance traipsed through your thoughts, uncharacteristic, but an understandable ally. This was not a place for disruptions. Anything could happen here.

What if there were TDs creeping up on the camp right now? What if they had heard the ring of joy and legions of them were gathering to snuff it out, racing here in ground-shaking gallops like horsemen of the apocalypse. You had seen so many of your allies, your friends, fall to those beasts. Resounding memories of their cheers of camaraderie in the early days echo throughout your mind, cruelly juxtaposed with visuals of their brutal deaths. The monsters taunted you, holding your loved ones’ image captive and jeering at you while they poisoned your world, your beloved city, your home.

The world around you seemed to distort at the thought, the sky dropping. You were caged in by some invisible force, and noisy panic bubbled in your chest. Air began to feel denser, a newly elusive substance your lungs had to chase. The very thing you began craving seemed to mock you, seeming to grip your ribs and crush them inwards while refusing to let you draw in a breath. Your chest stuttered and attempted to heave before being yanked back by your achingly empty lungs as you began hiccuping for breath. Only when your airways started to sting and your face began to numb did you realize your situation and manage to gasp for breath.

You didn’t know how long had passed after you wheezed the sound of panic. You felt nothing until the bowl you were clutching was removed from your lap. A large hand came to rest on your shoulder, replacing its warmth. A scent so familiar that it unconsciously calmed you followed its motion: a fresh forest breeze tinged with the sharp sting of metal. The air began to flow in smoothly, enriching your body. A cooperative ally once more.

“Breathe, soldier,” the strong voice rumbled.

General Jiyan. Your general, Jiyan. The air once again blessed your bloodstream, feeding every inch of your body and once again giving you the gift of life. You had begun to breathe slowly and deeply, just as you had learned in training. In for four, hold for four, out for four. The familiar timings of the count served to calm both your body and mind.

The presence of safety, of your general’s strength near you, was a very welcomed gift. You sighed from your chest once the world had returned to clarity and life size in your vision and you once again heard the murmur of celebration around you. Unfortunately, your reaction was not unfamiliar to you. The toll of seemingly endless battle drew on your very soul, leaving your body weak and weary. And yet, after dozens of times, not even a decorated soldier under the great General Jiyan could manage to snap yourself out of the hell on Earth that was your own mind, not on your own, not in a way that left you sane.

“I’m sorry, general. I let my head get the best of me. Thank you for-“

The hand on your shoulder squeezed gently but firmly, a message to stop talking. As you looked up to gaze in the golden eyes of your general, you were met with pure gentle care. His understanding smile reached his eyes.

You caved to your pure exhaustion. Wordlessly, he let you relax into him, your head coming to rest against the front of his shoulder. You sighed once more, lungs filling to capacity and deflating equally in rhythmic undulation as your spirit came back to inhabit your body, bit by bit. Your general was so warm, so caring, so safe. Eyes closing against his form, your breathing slowed even without your measured counting. One steady hand gripped your side while the other came to rest along your shoulder blade, forearm resting comfortingly against your tired back. He rubbed gentle circles firm into your spine, grounding and soothing the ache in your muscles.

“Don’t speak. Ive seen you pick up extra shifts, push yourself hard. It is the most worthy of causes, no one here faults you, least of all me. But your work is done today, soldier. Rest.”

There was no hint of a waver in his voice, no false sympathy or concern. This was General Jiyan. This was safe. You nodded into his chest, accepting the help you so desperately needed. Jiyan hummed his approval as he continued to soothe your back. You could feel him brush away the dusr, replacing its tentative shield with his own unrelenting one. Your very bones seemed to breathe again, and your thoughts wandered not to the chaos and havoc of the war, but to the warmth and comfort of your general’s presence as you were surrounded by a joyful camp, grounding you instead of letting you dissociate. This was safe, and so, you breathed.

[medicoabroad]

CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL OUR STUDENTS CLEARING FMGE JUNE 2024

Team Medico Abroad congratulates all our students who cleared FMGE (MCI Screening Test) of June 2024 session and wish them a bright future ahead. We share our happiness over the success of more than 70% of students appearing in this session from Gomel State Medical University & Vitebsk State Medical University of Belarus and Jinzhou Medical University & Dalian Medical University of China and…

[bharat-11]

The Liaoning Medical University was established in the year 1946 but was renamed as Jinzhou Medical University in 2016. Keeping this factor aside, the university has always been in the headlines for producing the best quality of doctors and imparting quality education.

[sicasadmission]

Study in China Study in Jinzhou Medical University Welcome international student to study pharmacy in Jinzhou Medical University.

[fumpkins]

China Confirms the Birth of the Third CRISPR baby through He Jiankui’s Experiments

State news agency Xinhua stated that three scientists involved—He, Qin Jinzhou  and Zhang Renli —had been detained for their involvement previously this week. The report said He was punished to three years in prison “for unlawfully carrying out human embryo gene-editing planned for reproduction, in which three genetically edited babies were born.”

Dr. He giving an update on CRISPR babies

HE announced the births of Lulu and Nana at the International Human Genome Editing Summit in Hong Kong in November 2018. He, who was then dismissed from his position at the Southern University of Science and Technology, made very few specifics of the experiments known. He said to have modified embryos so any babies born from the experiment would be more resistant to HIV.

In April 2018, emails sent to American Nobel-winning scientist Craig Mello , He confirmed the early pregnancy. In one email, acquired by the Associated Press, He wrote: “Good news! The woman is pregnant, the genome editing an achievement! The embryo with CCR5 gene-edited was transplanted to the woman 12 days ago, and today the pregnancy is confirmed.”

Mello replied saying he did not want any participation in the research saying he would “rather not be kept in the loop.” He added there is no therapeutic need for the experiments and that he is placing the health of the babies in danger.

“I just don’t see the reason you are doing this,” Mello told He.

  At the seminar in Hong Kong, He also said another woman was also expecting with a gene-edited baby. Chinese officials confirmed this after an investigation into He’s work.

William Hurlbut, a bioethicist and physician at Stanford University, told AFP that at the time of the seminar, the woman’s pregnancy had been discovered “chemically, not clinically … So it could be not beyond four to six weeks old [at the time], so today it could be near 12 to 14 weeks.” This would mean the baby would have been expected in June or July 2019. Xinhua said the pregnant woman would be kept under medical inspection, but after that, there has been no news of her or the baby.

Other than its presence, not anything else is known about the third gene-edited baby.

The scientific community has widely criticized him. After the news He had been imprisoned for his work, Fyodor Urnov, genome-editing scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, told Newsweek: “As a consequence [of He’s experiments], the field of gene editing will now hold the #designerbabies hashtag that cannot be erased from the popular realization by any legal action.

Read More: China’s CRISPR twins might have had their brains inadvertently enhanced

“As CRISPR moves onward in the clinic for the essential medical goal of curing existing disease, and as we rejoice with cautious optimism the amazing recent success in treating sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia, the hope is that He’s criminal act will not only turn him the Herostratus of the field, but act as a constant warning against anyone thinking following in his footsteps.”

  New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2020/01/03/china-confirms-the-birth-of-the-third-crispr-baby-through-he-jiankuis-experiments/

[bigyack-com]

China Jails Scientist Who Edited Babies' Genes

A Chinese court on Monday sentenced the scientist who claimed to be behind the world's first gene-edited babies to three years in prison for illegal medical practice, state media reported. He Jiankui, who shocked the scientific community last year by announcing the birth of twin girls whose genes had allegedly been altered to confer immunity to HIV, was also fined CNY three million ($430,000), Xinhua news agency said. He, who was educated at Stanford University, was sentenced by a court in Shenzhen for "illegally carrying out the human embryo gene-editing intended for reproduction", Xinhua said. Two of his fellow researchers were also sentenced. Zhang Renli was handed a two-year jail term and fined CNY one million while Qin Jinzhou was given 18 months, suspended for two years, and fined CNY 500,000. The trio had not obtained qualifications to work as doctors and had knowingly violated China's regulations and ethical principles, according to the court verdict, Xinhua said. They had acted "in the pursuit of personal fame and gain" and seriously "disrupted medical order", it said. The researchers had forged ethical review materials and recruited couples where the husband was HIV positive for their gene-editing experiments. The trial was held behind closed doors as the case related to "personal privacy", Xinhua said. He's gene-editing experiments resulted in two pregnancies -- the twin girls and third baby which had not previously been confirmed, it said. He announced in November last year that the world's first gene-edited babies -- the twins -- had been born that month after he altered their DNA to prevent them from contracting HIV by deleting a certain gene under a technique known as CRISPR. Days later, He, a former associate professor at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, told a biomedical conference in Hong Kong he was "proud" of his gene-editing work. 'Not safe' The claim shocked scientists worldwide, raising questions about bioethics and putting a spotlight on China's lax oversight of scientific research. "That technology is not safe," said Kiran Musunuru, a genetics professor at the University of Pennsylvania, explaining that the CRISPR molecular "scissors" often cut next to the targeted gene, causing unexpected mutations. "It's very easy to do if you don't care about the consequences," Musunuru said. Amid the outcry, He was placed under police investigation, the government ordered a halt to his research work and he was fired by his Chinese university. Gene-editing for reproductive purposes is illegal in most countries. China's health ministry issued regulations in 2003 prohibiting gene-editing of human embryos, though the procedure is allowed for "non-reproductive purposes". He's gene-editing meant to immunise the twins against HIV may have failed in its purpose and created unintended mutations, scientists said earlier this month after the original research was published for the first time. He claimed a medical breakthrough that could "control the HIV epidemic", but it was not clear whether he had even been successful in immunising the babies against the virus because the team did not reproduce the gene mutation that confers this resistance, scientists told the MIT Technology Review. While the team targeted the right gene, they did not replicate the "Delta 32" variation required, instead creating novel edits whose effects are not clear. Moreover, CRISPR remains an imperfect tool because it can lead to unwanted or "off-target" edits, making its use in humans hugely controversial. In 2015, a UN bioethics committee called for a stop to human embryo gene editing for fears it could be used to modify the human race. But a year later Britain granted scientists permission to edit embryo DNA in research on the causes of infertility and miscarriages. And in 2017, a US science advisory committee said such modification should be allowed in future to eliminate disease. In November this year the World Health Organization said it would create a global registry to track research into human genetic manipulation following the backlash to He's announcement. First Gene-Edited Human Babies Claimed in China Read the full article

[sicas-kong]

Jinzhou Medical University, application still open for 2019 Sept intake.

Bachelor Degree: Programs: MBBS (Tuition 35000 RMB per year), Pharmacy(Tuition 22000 RMB per year)

Master Degree- Tuition fee(32000 RMB per year) Programs: Public Health, Surgery, Radiology, Obstetrics&Gynecology, Nursing, Pharmacy etc

Accommodation fee 6500 RMB per year

University scholarship available for master degree, cover half of tuition fee for first year.

[brcic-sicas]

Jinzhou Medical University, application still open for 2019 Sept intake.

Bachelor Degree: Programs: MBBS (Tuition 35000 RMB per year), Pharmacy(Tuition 22000 RMB per year)

Master Degree- Tuition fee(32000 RMB per year) Programs: Public Health, Surgery, Radiology, Obstetrics&Gynecology, Nursing, Pharmacy etc

Accommodation fee 6500 RMB per year

University scholarship available for master degree, cover half of tuition fee for first year.

[ellinahussey]

Supercapacitor Market Growth Factors, Top Manufacturers, Product Types, Applications And Forecast To 2025

Supercapacitors Market is valued at USD 821.33 Million in 2019 and expected to reach USD 3029.92 Million by 2026 with the CAGR of 20.50% over the forecast period.

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Scope of The Report:

Supercapacitors are also known as ultra-capacitors or electrochemical capacitors which utilize high surface area electrode materials and thin electrolytic dielectrics to achieve capacitances of several orders of magnitude larger than conventional capacitors. In a conventional capacitor, energy is stored by moving charge carriers and electrons from one metal plate to the other metal. Hence, the charge separation creates a potential between the two plates which can be harnessed in an external circuit. Supercapacitors have attracted research interest worldwide because of their potential applications as energy storage devices in many fields. Supercapacitors have considerably higher specific powers and longer cycle lifetimes compared to most rechargeable batteries, such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride, and Li-ion batteries. Supercapacitors have also appealed considerable interest because of the ever-increasing demands of electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, and power sources for memory backup. Conversely, the supercapacitors have been widely used as the electrical equivalents of flywheels in machines energy reservoirs that smooth out power supplies to electrical and electronic equipment. Supercapacitors can also be connected to batteries to regulate the power they supply.

Some major of Global Supercapacitor Companies are,

Maxwell, Panasonic, NEC TOKIN, Nesscap, AVX, ELNA, Korchip, Nippon Chemi-Con, Ioxus, LS Mtron, Nichicon, Shenzhen Technology Innovation Green (TIG), VinaTech, Jinzhou Kaimei Power, Samwha, Haerbin Jurong Newpower, Ningbo CRRC New Energy Technology, Beijing HCC Energy, Jianghai Capacitor, Supreme Power Solutions, Shanghai Aowei Technology, Heter Electronics, CAP-XX, others

The common use is in wind turbines where very large supercapacitors help to smooth out the intermittent power supplied by the wind. In electric and hybrid vehicles, supercapacitors are widely being used as temporary energy stores for regenerative braking where the energy a vehicle would normally waste when it comes to a stop is briefly stored and then reused when it starts moving again. These capacitors are intermediate systems that mainly use high dielectric materials to store more energy in a shorter time. Here, the energy density is typically hundreds of times greater than conventionally used capacitors. The benefits of Flexible threadlike supercapacitors have attracted extensive attention owing to recent breakthroughs in modern wearable electronics, taking advantage of their high flexibility, tiny volume, and good specific performance. Since, the CNTs possess very large specific surface area, low mass density outstanding chemical stability and excellent electrical conductivity they have been widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Major technology firms are speeding up their efforts to lower emissions of greenhouse gas, showing the market development for optional energy techs. Among all energy storage machines, supercapacitors cause the minimum environmental harm. All substances employed in a double-layer electrochemical capacitor are made of some kind of biodegradable carbon.

Supercapacitor has different verticals all over various sectors such as industrial, consumer electronics, energy, automotive, aerospace & defense, medical, and others. Return on investment and sustainability are the objectives that can be attained in the long run by restoring batteries with supercapacitors.

The market is divided on the basis of application, type, geography, and vertical. The applications comprise laptops, audio system, solar watch, camera, memory, smoke detector, Solid-State Disc Drives, UPS, and others. Among all these applications, laptop had the biggest share of the market. The rising employment of laptops in different verticals such as medical, consumer electronics, and industrial is the reason for its elevated development. In addition to this, laptop needs a power storage machines with swift charging ability and the supercapacitor suffices this need. Due to this advantage of the supercapacitor, the user electronic machines, majorly laptops, had accepted the supercapacitor instead of its battery. Due to all these advantages of supercapacitor; it has biggest market in laptop application section.

Global Supercapacitors Market Dynamics –

Increasing investments in renewable energy owing to the need for environmental protection and achieve sustainable goals is driving the growth of supercapacitor market. According to world Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, the electric car deployment has been growing rapidly over the past ten years, with the global stock of electric passenger cars passing 5 million, an increase of 63% from the previous year. Around 45% of electric cars on the road in 2018 were in China a total of 2.3 million compared to 39%. The supercapacitors market is expected to benefit from technological advances such as the use of graphene and carbon nanotubes in these products. These substances are increasingly being used in the production of supercapacitors to improve their electrical conductivity. These CNTs significantly increase the power density of supercapacitors as carbon annotates has high capacitance and low resistance. The Power density is the amount of power transferred per unit volume. Moreover, the researchers at the George Washington University developed a new ultra capacitor with high performance and low cost than traditional supercapacitors by using graphene and carbon nanotubes. Major companies manufacturing graphene supercapacitors include Skeleton Technology, Angstron Materials and Sunvault Energy. The supercapacitor companies are using metal nitrides as the raw material for electrodes in supercapacitors, because it offers high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and cycling stability. Metal nitrides such as molybdenum nitride, titanium nitride, vanadium nitride and chromium nitride are being used as the material for electrodes to manufacture supercapacitors. The supercapacitors/ultra capacitors market is also expected to benefit from growth in the automobile industry during the forecast period. Supercapacitors are used in electric and hybrid vehicles for various applications including braking systems. Furthermore, a number of applications for supercapacitors in automotive manufacture are under development, and so likely to increase the demand for these products in the forecast period.

Supercapacitor Market Segments

By Type:- Double layer capacitors, Pseudocapacitors, Hybrid capacitors (Composite Hybrids, Asymmetric Hybrids, Battery- type Hybrids )

By Application:- Energy Storage, Power System, Electronic Device, Laptop, Audio system, Camera, Solar Watch, Smoke Detector, Power Backup, Engine, UPS, Buses, EV/HEV, Trains and Locomotives, Defibrillators, Aircraft

Global Supercapacitors Market Regional Analysis –

North America dominates the global market accounting largest market share and is expected to dominate the market over the forecast period. Transition to sustainable technologies, such as electric vehicle adoption, and the growing investment in renewable energy in the U.S. and Canada will fuel the growth potential of the market. According to world Health Organization (WHO) in U.S, the increased deployment of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in the New Policies Scenario, which includes the impact of announced policy ambitions, global electric car sales reach 23 million and the stock exceeds 130 million vehicles in 2030. The increasing amount of business investments in this region is anticipated to increase industry growth. Hence, the high demand for electronics like mobile, tablets, and others are also driving for the region in the forecast period. According to world Health Organization (WHO) in 2016, the United States total national vehicle miles traveled (VMT) increased by 3.3 % to 1.58 trillion miles compared to its value 1.54 trillion miles, they were 30 plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) models and 37 hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) models available in the United States , the Sales of HEVs were slowly declining but PEV sales hit an all-time record of 159,616 units during the year, several additional automobile manufacturers announced plans to offer all electric vehicles by the 2020.The supercapacitor market is at the nascent stage and is expected to exhibit exponential rate in the Asia Pacific region during the forecast period. The automotive industry has been growing rapidly in China, and the country is playing an increasingly important role in the global automotive market. In addition, the government of China views its automotive industry, including the auto parts sector, as one of the country’s pillar industries. According to world Health Organization (WHO) 2018 in China, the Electric mobility continues to grow rapidly, the global electric car fleet exceeded 5.1 million, up 2 million from the previous year and almost doubling the number of new electric car registrations, The People’s Republic of China remained the world’s largest electric car market. Moreover in Japan, utility providers are incorporating smart electricity meters. The Japanese government has also shifted its focus to demand-side management and there is an increased emphasis on energy security and resiliency through the smart grid and energy efficiency technologies.

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Amino Acids -Market Demand, Growth, Opportunities and analysis of Top Key Player Forecast to 2021

Amino Acids Industry

Description Wiseguyreports.Com Adds “Amino Acids -Market Demand, Growth, Opportunities and analysis of Top Key Player Forecast to 2021” To Its Research Database

Amino Acids

Market research report analyzes the market by Type and Application at global level and for each of the geographic regions - North America, Europe, China, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Rest of World. The Amino Acids market is segmented by Type into Glutamate, Lysine, Methionine, Branched Chain Amino Acids and Phenylalanine; and by Application into Feed Additives, Food Ingredients, and Nutraceuticals/Pharmaceutical. Business profiles of 11 major companies and 70 plus competitor companies are discussed in the report. The report serves as a guide to Amino Acid Market size covering more than 650 companies that are engaged in Amino Acid R&D, processing, production, and distribution. Information related to recent product releases, product developments, partnerships, collaborations, mergers and acquisitions, ethical issues, regulatory affairs, and other areas of concern is also covered in the report. Estimations and predictions are graphically illustrated by 358 exclusive exhibits for all geographic regions.

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Report Highlights Global Amino Acids market is projected grow at 9% annually through 2011 - 2020. Today amino acids can be taken as a supplement that is available commercially. Amino acid supplements are usually made from animal protein, vegetable protein, or yeast. While almost all amino acids can be produced in two forms ? the L and D form, it is not so in the case of glycine. L and D basically refer to manner in which the amino acid is wound up. L is the left winding amino acid and D is the right winding amino acid. Human amino acids have been found to be the L type and this is usually the preferred supplement as well. There has been a substantial increase in the demand for amino acids in the last thirty years or so. There is a steady 5-10% growth rate in the market. It is estimated that in that last ten years the market demand for amino acids has doubled. L-lysine, which is used as an additive in animal feed, has shown a sharp increase in demand. It is estimated that the global market for L-lysine has increased almost 20 times in the past twenty years. There are other amino acids that are now available in the market such as L-threonine, L-aspartate and L-phenylalanine. Specifically, L-aspartate and L-phenylalanine are used for the synthesis of a sweetener known as Aspartame. Among the amino acids available in the market, L-Glutamate is still the most popular one followed by L-lysine and D,L-methionine. The prices of amino acids are often affected by the dynamics in the market. The increase in the efficiency of the fermentation technology can lead to the development of cheaper goods and thereby increase the overall demand. Subsequently, there is bound to be large-scale production of these products which will lower the costs even more. However, despite these trends in the market, the supply of amino acids such as L-lysine to be used as feed additives will compete with soybean meal which is a natural source of L-lysine. Amino acids continue to command a large market share, and continue to grow. The packaged food industry is now becoming the major user of amino acids, and the demand from society remains strong for such food supplements. Amino acids are now being used in many forms including health-food drinks, body building supplements, and even nutrients in the intravenous feeding and maintenance products. Report by Chapter I. Scope and Methodology: This chapter provides information regarding the research methodology, limitations of the study, market measuring units and exchange rates used. II. Report Synopsis: Synopsis of the report summarizes the global market by Amino Acid Types and Applications. The chapter provides Historic, Current and Future market values in US$ for each Type and Application segment in several geographic regions including North America, Europe, China, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Rest of World. Volume market in Tons is also provided. III. Market Dynamics: Market Dynamics chapter provides information on global markets for Amino Acids. The chapter includes global market analysis (in US$) by geographic region; analysis of each region by both Type and Application; brief business profiles of major global companies and respective production capacities; and a report of corporate activities such as mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, new product developments/launches etc. Regions covered include the US, Canada, the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Russia, Japan, South Korea, India, Brazil, Mexico, Israel and South Africa. The chapter also includes market trends and an industry outlook. IV. Product/Technology Research: This chapter gives an insight into Amino Acids market including definitions, segmentation and applications. The chapter also includes product trends and potential opportunities. Production Statistics in Tons is also mentioned. Various research activities in the field of Amino Acids find a mention in this chapter. V. Corporate Directory: This chapter provides a global region-wise list of 600 plus companies, CROs/CMOS and academic institutions that are engaged in Amino Acid products and/or services. VI. Patents Information: This chapter provides a compilation of worldwide patents related to Amino Acids products/services. Leave a Query @

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Company Insight Profiles ListAbbott Nutrition (USA)Aceto Corporation (USA)Affymax, Inc. (USA)AIE Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (USA)Ajinomoto AminoScience LLC (USA)Ajinomoto Co., Inc. (Japan)Ajinomoto Heartland LLC (USA)Albion Laboratories, Inc. (USA)Alfredo Inesta SL (Spain)AMINO GmbH (Germany)Amit Biotech (India)AnaSpec, Inc. (USA)Archer Daniels Midland Company (USA)Asahi Kasei Corporation (Japan)Bachem AG (Switzerland)Baicor LC (USA)Baxter International, Inc. (USA)Cargill, Inc. (USA)Changzhou Weiqiang Chemical Co., Ltd. (China)CJ CheilJedang Corporation (South Korea)Daesang Corporation (South Korea)Davisco Foods International, Inc. (USA)Degussa Cathay Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China)Divis Laboratories Ltd. (India)Donboo Amino Acid Co., Ltd. (China)Evonik Industries AG (Germany)GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd. (China)Global Biochem Technology Group Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong)Great Dragon Biochemicals Co., Ltd. (China)Guangzhou Baiyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China)Hebei Meihua Monosodium Glutamate Group Co., Ltd. (China)Helm De Mexico SA (Mexico)Henan Lotus Gourmet Powder Co., Ltd. (China)Hexagon Nutrition Pvt. Ltd. (India)Hi-Tech Biochemicals Co., Ltd. (China)Hitrox Biosciences Co., Ltd. (China)Hospira, Inc. (USA)Hubei Baofeng Bio-chemical Co., Ltd. (China)Jinzhou Jirong Amino Acid Co., Ltd. (China)Jo Mar Laboratories (USA)Kirkman Laboratories, Inc. (USA)Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. (Japan)Kyowa Hakko USA, Inc. (USA)McTony Bio&Chem, Inc. (Canada)Meihua Holdings Group Co., Ltd. (China)Melford Laboratories Limited (UK)Merck KGaA (Germany)Molchemie Overseas Operations (India)Natrol, Inc. (USA)New England Peptide, Inc. (USA)Ningbo Zhenhai Haide Biochem Co., Ltd. (China)Novus International, Inc. (USA)Now ® Foods (USA)Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Japan)PAT Vitamins, Inc. (USA)Pharmatech Asia Group (China)Priya Chemicals (India)Probiotica Laboratories Ltd. (Brazil)RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (USA)Royal DSM NV (The Netherlands)RSP Amino Acids LLC (USA)Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd. (Japan)Shandong Fufeng Fermentation Co., Ltd. (China)Shandong Qilu Monosodium Glutamate Group Co., Ltd. (China)Shreenath Chemicals (India)Sino-Swed Pharmaceutical Corp., Ltd. (China)Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt., Ltd. (India)Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Japan)Suzanne's Natural Foods (USA)Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Japan)Tate & Lyle plc (UK)Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc. (Canada)Universal Nutrition (USA)Varsal, Inc. (USA)Vaxa International (USA)Ve Wong Corporation (Taiwan)Vedan (Vietnam) Enterprise Corp., Ltd. (Vietnam)Vitabase (USA)Vitamin Research Products (USA)WorldWay Co., Ltd. (South Korea)Wuhan Amino Acid Bio-Chemical Co., Ltd. (China)Wuhan Buyour Amino Acid Co., Ltd. (China)Wuhan University Hoyo Co., Ltd. (China)Yoneyama Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd. (Japan) Why Buy This Report? This report may help Strategists, Investors, Laboratories, Contract Research Organizations, Biotechnology & Healthcare Companies, Academic Professionals, Drug Approval Authorities, and Other Organizations to –

Identify Market Opportunities

Review and Analyze Global and Regional Markets

Gauge Market Potential for your Products

Identify Competition

Use Market Research for exploring new areas

Acquire Meaningful Guidelines for Strategic Planning

Gear up for Market Entry

Get Actionable Information

Analytics and data presented in each report pertain to several parameters such as –

Global and Regional Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends

Product (Global and Regional) Market Sizes, Market Shares, Market Trends

Technology Trends

Corporate Intelligence

Key Companies By Sales, Brands, Products

Other Strategic Business Affecting Data

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NOTE : Our final report have added the analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on this industry, Our team is studying Covid-19 and its impact on various industry verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid-19 footprints for a better analysis of markets and industries. Cordially get in touch for more details.

[biofunmy]

China Sentences He Jiankui For CRISPR Twin Babies Experiment

A Chinese court sentenced biomedical scientist He Jiankui and two accomplices to prison on Monday for “illegal medical practice” for genetically engineering three babies.

In November 2018, He announced the birth of the first two children, twin girls named Lulu and Nana, as well as the pregnancy of a second woman carrying a genetically engineered fetus. The news created a scientific firestorm, with human genetic engineering experiments widely viewed as dangerous and unethical by scientific organizations worldwide. The third baby has now been born, according to reporting from China’s state news agency.

The genetic engineering team fabricated an ethics review of their experiment, according to the Nanshan District People’s Court of Shenzhen City ruling. They used the faked permissions to recruit couples living with HIV in hopes of helping them to conceive children genetically engineered to receive a mutation giving them immunity to some forms of the disease.

He, formerly a biomedical scientist at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzen, received a prison sentence of three years and a fine equivalent to $480,000. His associates, Zhang Renli and Qin Jinzhou, received jail terms of two years and 18 months with a two-year reprieve, according to the ruling, for practicing medicine without a license and violating Chinese regulations governing assisted reproduction.

“The prison sentence and stiff financial penalty sends a message to other Chinese scientists that unsanctioned efforts at human germline editing will not be tolerated,” University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine researcher Kiran Musunuru told BuzzFeed News, by email. “I expect that it will have a deterrent effect, certainly in China and possibly elsewhere.”

At an October conference, Musunuru had reported that a draft study submitted to a scientific journal about the twins by He’s team suggested that the genetic engineering attempt had badly misfired, targeting the wrong location for the mutation and potentially seeding other mutations throughout the DNA of the children.

Science academies worldwide formed an oversight commission in March, following widespread condemnation of the experiments.

The court ruling found the three sentenced scientists acted “in the pursuit of personal fame and gain” and have seriously “disrupted medical order,” according to Chinese state media.

Sahred From Source link Science

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[fumpkins]

Chinese scientist who produced genetically altered babies sentenced to 3 years in jail | Science

He Jiankui, at a Hong Kong meeting in November 2018 where he presented his work, has not been seen in public since then.

ANTHONY KWAN/BLOOMBERG/GETTY IMAGES

He Jiankui, the Chinese researcher who stunned the world last year by announcing he had helped produce genetically edited babies, has been found guilty of conducting “illegal medical practices” and sentenced to 3 years in prison.

A court in Shenzhen found that He and two collaborators forged ethical review documents and misled doctors into unknowingly implanting gene-edited embryos into two women, according to Xinhua, China’s state-run press agency. One mother gave birth to twin girls in November 2018; it has not been made clear when the third baby was born. The court ruled that the three defendants had deliberately violated national regulations on biomedical research and medical ethics, and rashly applied gene-editing technology to human reproductive medicine.

All three pleaded guilty, according to Xinhua. The court also fined He, formerly of the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) and known as JK to friends and colleagues, 3 million Chinese yuan ($429,000). His collaborators were identified as Zhang Renli, of a medical institution in Guangdong province, and Qin Jinzhou, from a Shenzhen medical institution; Zhang received a 2-year prison sentence and was fined 1 million yuan, according to Xinhua, whereas Qin was given 18 months in prison with a 2-year reprieve, and a 500,000 yuan fine.

The court heard the case in private to protect the personal privacy of the individuals involved, Xinhua said. The report says physical and documentary evidence and witness and expert testimony were presented to the court, but it gave no details.

“Sad story—everyone lost in this (JK, his family, his colleagues, and his country), but the one gain is that the world is awakened to the seriousness of our advancing genetic technologies. I feel sorry for JK’s little family though—I warned him things could end this way, but it was just too late,” wrote bioethicist William Hurlbut at Stanford University, whom He consulted on the embryo-editing experiment.

In November 2018, He announced that he had modified a key gene in a number of human embryos in a way thought to confer resistance to HIV. The modification might be passed on to the descendants of children born with it. He recruited couples in which the father was infected with HIV and the mother was not. In a talk at the International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong, China, He said he wanted to spare the babies the possibility of becoming infected with HIV later in life. The technique could be used to reduce the HIV/AIDS disease burden in much of Africa, he argued, where those infected often face severe discrimination.

Both prison and a fine would have been the likely penalties if someone had done what [He] did in the U.K.

Robin Lovell-Badge, Francis Crick Institute

The announcement touched off a firestorm of criticism from scientists and ethicists in attendance at the summit and around the world. Experts agree there are safer and more effective ways to prevent HIV infections, and the experiment was deemed premature, irresponsible, and unjustified because it exposed the babies to risks associated with gene editing for little, if any, benefit.  

Guandong province, which Shenzhen is part of, conducted an investigation that concluded: “He had defied government bans and conducted the research in the pursuit of personal fame and gain.” But details of the investigation, including who conducted it, were never publicly released. Instead, the results were publicized in January 2019 by Xinhua. SUSTech dismissed He at that time. The Chinese government later tightened regulations covering human genome editing. He has not been seen in public since his presentation at the Hong Kong conference.

But many key questions surrounding his activities remain and scientists are hoping more information will be forthcoming. “We had been wondering what had happened to He Jiankui; there has been little if any news on his whereabouts or the progress of any investigation being conducted by the Chinese authorities, or of other details surrounding what he had done, for many months,” Robin Lovell-Badge, a stem cell biologist at the Francis Crick Institute, said in a statement distributed by the United Kingdom’s Science Media Centre. “In that sense alone, the information now released is reassuring,” he added. Lovell-Badge said he cannot comment on the severity of the sentence, “but both prison and a fine would have been the likely penalties if someone had done what [He] did in the U.K.”

“The field of gene editing will carry the hashtag #CRISPRbabies in the mind of the public for a period longer than He’s sentence, and that is an additional crime he committed but was not formally charged with,” says Fyodor Urnov, a CRISPR researcher at University of California, Berkeley. “I hope that this stain will soon diminish relative to the positive impact that gene editing is likely to have in ethically treating existing disease. Moving forward, the real threat of severe legal action is the right deterrent for future Herostratus-like individuals whose hubris could drive them to follow in He’s footsteps.”

Lovell-Badge hopes all three babies are happy and healthy and says they deserve privacy. But, “There are still many details of the case that have yet to be released,” he says. These include confirmation of the edits made to the target gene and whether the editing affected other parts of the genome, among other technical issues. There is also the question of how He “could have proceeded with what he did with so much secrecy.”

Hurlbut also questions the rogue scientist narrative. “He [Jiankui] may have broken laws. I don’t know that. It seems like the court case wasn’t transparent to the world, which it should have been. … It can’t just be three people involved. … It really is hanging someone out to dry when he was being encouraged and cooperative with the spirit of his society.”

With reporting by Jon Cohen

New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2019/12/31/chinese-scientist-who-produced-genetically-altered-babies-sentenced-to-3-years-in-jail-science/

[sciencespies]

China Jails Scientist Who Edited Babies' Genes

https://sciencespies.com/news/china-jails-scientist-who-edited-babies-genes/

China Jails Scientist Who Edited Babies' Genes

A Chinese court on Monday sentenced the scientist who claimed to be behind the world’s first gene-edited babies to three years in prison for illegal medical practice, state media reported. He Jiankui, who shocked the scientific community last year by announcing the birth of twin girls whose genes had allegedly been altered to confer immunity to HIV, was also fined CNY three million ($430,000), Xinhua news agency said. He, who was educated at Stanford University, was sentenced by a court in Shenzhen for “illegally carrying out the human embryo gene-editing intended for reproduction”, Xinhua said.

Two of his fellow researchers were also sentenced. Zhang Renli was handed a two-year jail term and fined CNY one million while Qin Jinzhou was given 18 months, suspended for two years, and fined CNY 500,000.

The trio had not obtained qualifications to work as doctors and had knowingly violated China’s regulations and ethical principles, according to the court verdict, Xinhua said.

They had acted “in the pursuit of personal fame and gain” and seriously “disrupted medical order”, it said.

The researchers had forged ethical review materials and recruited couples where the husband was HIV positive for their gene-editing experiments.

The trial was held behind closed doors as the case related to “personal privacy”, Xinhua said.

He’s gene-editing experiments resulted in two pregnancies — the twin girls and third baby which had not previously been confirmed, it said.

He announced in November last year that the world’s first gene-edited babies — the twins — had been born that month after he altered their DNA to prevent them from contracting HIV by deleting a certain gene under a technique known as CRISPR.

Days later, He, a former associate professor at the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, told a biomedical conference in Hong Kong he was “proud” of his gene-editing work.

‘Not safe’ The claim shocked scientists worldwide, raising questions about bioethics and putting a spotlight on China’s lax oversight of scientific research.

“That technology is not safe,” said Kiran Musunuru, a genetics professor at the University of Pennsylvania, explaining that the CRISPR molecular “scissors” often cut next to the targeted gene, causing unexpected mutations.

“It’s very easy to do if you don’t care about the consequences,” Musunuru said.

Amid the outcry, He was placed under police investigation, the government ordered a halt to his research work and he was fired by his Chinese university.

Gene-editing for reproductive purposes is illegal in most countries. China’s health ministry issued regulations in 2003 prohibiting gene-editing of human embryos, though the procedure is allowed for “non-reproductive purposes”.

He’s gene-editing meant to immunise the twins against HIV may have failed in its purpose and created unintended mutations, scientists said earlier this month after the original research was published for the first time.

He claimed a medical breakthrough that could “control the HIV epidemic”, but it was not clear whether he had even been successful in immunising the babies against the virus because the team did not reproduce the gene mutation that confers this resistance, scientists told the MIT Technology Review.

While the team targeted the right gene, they did not replicate the “Delta 32” variation required, instead creating novel edits whose effects are not clear.

Moreover, CRISPR remains an imperfect tool because it can lead to unwanted or “off-target” edits, making its use in humans hugely controversial.

In 2015, a UN bioethics committee called for a stop to human embryo gene editing for fears it could be used to modify the human race.

But a year later Britain granted scientists permission to edit embryo DNA in research on the causes of infertility and miscarriages.

And in 2017, a US science advisory committee said such modification should be allowed in future to eliminate disease.

In November this year the World Health Organization said it would create a global registry to track research into human genetic manipulation following the backlash to He’s announcement.

First Gene-Edited Human Babies Claimed in China

#News

[deniscollins]

To Evade Sanctions on Iran, Ships Vanish in Plain Sight

It is not illegal under international law to buy and haul Iranian oil or related products. But foreign companies doing business with American companies or banks risk being punished by the United States. Actions can include banning American banks from working with them, freezing assets and barring company officials from traveling to the United States. Meanwhile, Iran has been trying to work around the American sanctions by offering “significant reductions” in price for its oil and petrochemical products. If you were an executive for a Chinese-owned ship, what would you do: (1) Continue to blatantly buy oil from Iran, (2) stop buying oil from Iran, or (3) use mechanisms so that monitors cannot tell that you are buying oil from Iran? Why? What are the ethics underlying your decision?

A week ago, a small tanker ship approached the Persian Gulf after a 19-day voyage from China. The captain, as required by international rules, reported the ship’s position, course, speed and another key detail: It was riding high in the water, meaning it was probably empty.

Then the Chinese-owned ship, the Sino Energy 1, went silent and essentially vanished from the grid.

It reported in again on Sunday, near the spot where it had vanished six days earlier, only now it was heading east, away from the Strait of Hormuz near Iran. If past patterns hold, the captain will soon report that it is riding low in the water, meaning its tanks are most likely full.

As the Trump administration’s sanctions on Iranian oil and petrochemical products have taken hold, some of the world’s shipping fleets have defied the restrictions by “going dark” when they pick up cargo in Iranian ports, according to commercial analysts who track shipping data and intelligence from authorities in Israel, a country that backs the Trump crackdown.

“They are hiding their activity,” said Samir Madani, co-founder of TankerTrackers.com, a company that uses satellite imagery to identify tankers calling on Iranian ports. “They don’t want to broadcast the fact that they have been in Iran, evading sanctions. It’s that simple.”

A maritime treaty overseen by a United Nations agency requires ships of 300 tons or more that travel international routes to have an automatic identification system. The gear helps avoid collisions and aids in search-and-rescue operations. It also allows countries to monitor shipping traffic.

It is not illegal under international law to buy and haul Iranian oil or related products. The Trump administration’s sanctions, which went into effect last November after the United States pulled out of the Iran nuclear agreement, are unilateral.

But foreign companies doing business with American companies or banks risk being punished by the United States. Actions can include banning American banks from working with them, freezing assets and barring company officials from traveling to the United States, said Richard Nephew, a research scholar at Columbia University who oversaw Iran policy on the National Security Council during the Obama administration.

“We have sanctioned dozens of Chinese state-owned enterprises for nuclear, missile, arms and other forms of proliferation,” Mr. Nephew said. “But it is not entered into lightly.”

A State Department spokeswoman said, “We do not comment on intelligence matters.”

Brian Hook, the United States special representative for Iran, told reporters in London on Friday that the United States would punish any country importing Iranian oil. Mr. Hook was responding to a question about reports of Iranian oil going to Asia, according to the Reuters news agency.

President Trump’s efforts to halt Iranian oil and petrochemical exports are at the heart of rising tensions between the two countries. Last month, he imposed new sanctions on Iran’s leaders after it downed an American surveillance drone and nearly precipitated a counterstrike that was called off at the last minute. The attack on the drone came a week after the United States accused Iran of being responsible for explosions that had crippled two tankers near the Strait of Hormuz.

American and Israeli intelligence agencies say the country’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is deeply entwined with its petrochemical industry, using oil revenues to swell its coffers. Mr. Trump has labeled the military group a terrorist organization.

Iran has been trying to work around the American sanctions by offering “significant reductions” in price for its oil and petrochemical products, said Gary Samore, a professor at Brandeis University who worked on weapons issues in the Obama administration.

When shipping companies defy the sanctions, they weaken their effectiveness, especially if the companies — or the countries where they are based — see no consequences, analysts said. Some shipping companies with direct Iranian ties do not try to hide their movements, according to data collected by the commercial tracking sites.

Last month, the Salina, an Iranian-flagged oil tanker under American sanctions, docked in Jinzhou Bay, a port in northeastern China, according to data from VesselsValue, a website that analyzes global shipping information. The Salina regularly reported its position, course and speed via the automatic identification system.

Oil tankers like the Salina, which can transport as much as a million barrels of crude, or about 5 percent of the daily consumption of the United States, are so big that they can call on only a limited number of ports. They are also more easily spotted by satellites than smaller ships like the Sino Energy 1.

That vessel, and its more than 40 sister ships, are far more difficult to track when they go off the grid. They were owned until April by a subsidiary of Sinochem, a state-owned company in China that is one of the world’s biggest chemical manufacturers.

Sinochem has extensive business ties in the United States. It has an office in Houston and works with big American companies including Boeing and Exxon Mobil. In March, it signed an agreement with Citibank to “deepen the partnership” between the two companies, Sinochem said. In 2013, a United States subsidiary of Sinochem bought a 40 percent stake in a Texas shale deposit for $1.7 billion.

In April, it sold a controlling share in its shipping fleet to a private company, Inner Mongolia Junzheng Energy & Chemical Group Co., whose biggest shareholder is Du Jiangtao, a Chinese billionaire who made his fortune in medical equipment, chemicals and coal-generated power.

A person answering the phone at Junzheng’s investor relations office was not familiar with the newly acquired shipping business. For now, Junzheng owns 40 percent of Sinochem’s former shipping fleet, with the rest owned by two Beijing companies.

Frank Ning, the chairman of Sinochem, speaking in a brief interview in Dalian, China, said that shipping had not been central to the company’s business. In a statement, the company said it had “adopted strict compliance policies and governance on export control and sanctions,” though a former employee who had helped manage the shipping business, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said the company had shipped petrochemicals from Iran for years.

The tracking data also show that some of the Sinochem ships made trips to Iran before the fleet was sold, and both before and after the American sanctions went into effect.

In April 2018, for example, one of the ships, the SC Brilliant, was moored at Asalouyeh, a major Iranian petrochemical depot on the Persian Gulf, according to data from VesselsValue. The SC Brilliant’s voyage was easy to plot. Its captain made constant reports via the automatic identification system, broadcasting its course, speed and destination.

But after Mr. Trump’s announcement last August that he would reimpose sanctions on Iran’s petroleum industry, the SC Brilliant’s voyages became less transparent.

In late September and early October, shortly before the sanctions took effect, the ship went off the grid for 10 days in the same stretch of the Strait of Hormuz where the Sino Energy 1 disappeared last week. When the SC Brilliant went off the grid, it appeared empty; when it re-emerged, it appeared full.

The pattern was repeated in February, with the ship disappearing for four days, according to the tracking data.

That month, another Sinochem ship, the SC Neptune, stopped transmitting its position when it approached the Strait of Hormuz, the tracking data show. Four days later, for a brief period, it appeared back on the grid, transmitting its location from an export terminal on Iran’s Kharg Island. It then went quiet for another 24 hours, reappearing on its way out of the strait.

In some parts of the world, including the South China Sea, it is not uncommon for ships to go silent because the automatic identification system may be overloaded by the volume of vessels, said Court Smith, a former officer in the United States Coast Guard who is now an analyst at VesselsValue. Sometimes they do so for competitive reasons, he added.

But in the Persian Gulf, where traffic is lighter, Mr. Smith said, vessels generally do not turn off the system, known in the industry as A.I.S.

“If the A.I.S. signal is lost, it is almost certainly because the A.I.S. transponder has been disabled or turned off,” Mr. Smith said of ships in the Persian Gulf. “The captain has decided to turn off the A.I.S.”

Another possible clue that Iran-bound ships are disabling their reporting systems is that ships making trips to countries on the western part of the gulf are not going off the grid.

The SC Mercury, another of the Sinochem ships, disappeared for about nine days at the end of December and into January, vanishing close to where the Sino Energy 1 disappeared last week, the tracking data show. But in early April, the ship’s course through the Persian Gulf had no interruptions in its signal. The destination that time was the United Arab Emirates.