#NutriScan

[puppyrazzi]

Dr. Jean Dodds

Aka Dr. Jean Frauds

I went to look at her website for Nutriscan after someone recommended it for a dog who was displayed some allergy symptoms.

Nutriscan does not test for allergies. Only "insensitivities". Under the information page, she explains that they test for certain immunoglobulins which only actually identify what animals have eaten. Also the only information she cites is her own.

Here is the list of articles that Skeptvet has.

Her practice relies heavily on case studies and testimonials which are a grey area with the FDA in classic snake oil salesmen style.

Skeptvet has an excellent rundown of all the questionable pseudoscience that Dodds uses for the Nutriscan

Sawbones has a whole episode on nutritional sensitivity testing as well.

Feel free to add to this post

[drjeandoddspethealthresource]

The Complicated Pet Food Industry

In general, the pet food industry operates in a fairly veiled manner – particularly the larger manufacturers in the kibble segment. Current primary concerns have focused microbial contamination and the presence of ingredients undeclared on the label. Indeed, a 2013 study of dry pet foods used for food elimination trials stated that 80% of selected pet food diets were contaminated with unidentified ingredients.

More recently in 2018, a study critically assessed published discrepancies between ingredients and labeling in commercial pet foods, including those with “novel” or “limited” ingredients and containing micronized hydrolysates. Unexpected added ingredients were more frequently detected than those missing from the label.

The authors searched 2 article databases on July 7, 2017, and January 12, 2018, for relevant studies, and screened abstracts from the leading international veterinary dermatology congresses for reports on pet food labeling and ingredients. The resulting data were extracted from 17 articles and 1 abstract. The studies varied both in the number of pet foods tested (median: 15; range: 1- 210) and that of ingredients specifically evaluated (median: 4; range: 1-11). Studies most often employed either PCR to detect DNA or ELISA to identify proteins from 1 or more vegetable or animal species. Two studies used mass spectrometry to increase the number of detectable proteins.

The various methods found ingredients that were not on the label in 0-83% (median: 45%) of tested diets; this percentage varied between 33-83% in pet foods with novel or limited ingredients that are typically proposed for elimination diets. Similarly, ingredients were found to be missing from the label in 0-38% (median: 1%) of tested foods. Finally, 6 studies included evaluations of several hydrolysate-containing pet foods: mislabeling with unlabeled or missing ingredients was found only in 1 of them.

These statements should give everyone pause, since food elimination trial diets literally are used to figure out which food ingredient is causing a medical condition. This would be like a product’s packaging saying a product was “nut free”, when it in fact contains nuts.

As this is apparently happening with pre-packaged pet food elimination diets, it is not surprising that it can also apply generally to commercial pet diets. Think about the number of steps from “farm to bowl” meat ingredients must go through: farm to slaughterhouse to processing plant to possibly another processing plant and another plant to the packaging plant. Then, you need to factor in the grains, fruits, vegetables, and the vitamin and mineral packs that are added. This scenario barely scratches the surface.

To highlight the huge marketing impact this issue has had on the multibillion dollar pet food industry since May 2014, litigation between two very large pet food manufacturers and their suppliers about the listed and actual ingredients in their diets is ongoing through the federal courts. The back-and-forth litigation and its attendant publicity has given the public and world a mere glimpse into the pet industry.

The federal government has been involved and the accusations and findings have lead to criminal indictments and verdicts, with more possibly yet to come.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

References

Ricci, R., Granato, A., Vascellari, M., Boscarato, M., Palagiano, C., Andrighetto, I., Diez, M. and Mutinelli, F. (2013), Identification of undeclared sources of animal origin in canine dry foods used in dietary elimination trials. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97: 32–38. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12045.

Olivry T, Mueller RS. Critically appraised topic on adverse food reactions of companion animals (5): discrepancies between ingredients and labeling in commercial pet foods. BMC Vet Res 2018: 14:24-28.

[sadmod]

NutriScan Mod Apk 10.5

NutriScan Mod Apk 10.5

[pittylover728]

Posted @withregram • @waggingdogrescue Amidst all the DiscoverMe Project™ stuff we’ve been doing nonstop since mid-March, we’re still saving lives through our regular rescue program thanks to fosters saying, '𝘠𝘌𝘚, 𝘐’𝘭𝘭 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘣𝘢𝘣𝘦 𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘭 𝘴𝘩𝘦’𝘴 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘭𝘵𝘩𝘺 𝘢𝘨𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘧𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘧𝘢𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘺!’ So, we’d like to introduce you to our newest Wagging Dog. Please welcome sweet 𝗭𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗜𝗔 to our fam! 💖🐶🌸 This pretty 8 lb senior is being seen by our new OC vet today. We’re super excited to have one of our dogs at Hemopet Holistic Care in Garden Grove. We love the incredible pioneer Dr. Jean Dodds' Hemopet, Petlifeline, Hemolife & Nutriscan, and she has a team of amazing integrative vets so Zinnia’s in the best hands! Our poor girl arrived at OC Animal Care a week ago, suffering from long neglect, extremely thin. We originally thought she was going to be a DiscoverMe Dog™ but as soon as her DMP foster laid eyes on her, she offered to care for this pup until we return her to good health and find an awesome family to cherish her. YAY Zinnia! Like our GSD Blume, we chose a flower themed name for our new girl in anticipation of her blossoming this spring. 🌷 Zinnia is deaf. Our vet thinks she’s around 12 yrs old, a bit more than 7 estimated at the shelter. She has some age related eye changes but no cataracts. A mid-grade heart murmur, yucky grill, extremely overgrown nails curling back on themselves, and of course that skin. Good grief :’( Zinnia is so uncomfortable, so itchy. We’re anxious for her to feel better and to see her beautiful white fur filling in. 🙏 The estimate for today’s exam and preliminary diagnostics is $850-900 and we’d be so grateful for your help providing this critical care for sweet Z. We’ll be anxiously awaiting lab results (hopefully tomorrow) so we have an idea of what her lil body is dealing with and how we can best provide for her return to total wellbeing. We know she has a dental and spay in her future, as long as her ticker checks out. Add in a heart ultrasound too. 💰 #TaxDeductible #donations can be made via this fb post or - PayPal - donations@waggingdog.org venmo https://www.instagram.com/p/B_5o4aNg-Y4/?igshid=1h64514homrjo

[heidihoerman]

Top 5 Hot Releases in Dog Allergy Test Kits Review

Allergies are special sensitivities to things found in the environment. There can be allergies from dust, pollen, weed, moles, fungus, and smoke. When we come across any of these allergies our immune system behaves differently. If the allergies are normal and they won’t cause any notable change in the body, the immune system lets them be otherwise it starts protecting the body by developing symptoms of certain allergy so that the cause should be determined and dealt with.

Dogs are not much different in this manner than humans. They too have common allergies, but their symptoms aren’t very usual. There can be a large variety of allergens, different to different breeds of dogs. The most common allergies are food, seasonal and environmental allergies. When any of them happens, dogs react to them, usually, they bite or scratch to relieve the allergy which leads to inflammation and redness.

Most repeating symptoms in dogs against allergies are running nose, sneezing, watery eyes, respiratory congestion, itchy skin, hair loss, licking of paws, and ear infections. When any of these occur, it is recommended to take your dog to the veterinarian. Some owners purchase medicine themselves. It should be kept in mind that the dose of medicine for allergy differs drastically from humans to dogs. Allergy Tests should be preferred. There are a number of test kits present in the market offering food and seasonal tests, we bring you the list of top 5 most promising allergy tests in dogs:

PetMedella Wellness Analysis Kit for Your Pet

PetMedella test kit checks your pet for hundreds of environmental and food allergies. If your dog is experiencing rashes, redness on the skin, lacrimation, or repetitive sneezing this is the test you should go for. Many experts agree that the modern lifestyle has aided in the increase in allergies. Pollution, insulated homes, high-fat diets, and home mites can be a leading cause of such allergies. The test results provide a detailed analysis of hormonal imbalances and provide recommendations for your pet’s healthy lifestyle.

BUY FROM AMAZON

5- Strands Food and Intolerance Tests

Food can be a major source of allergies. 5-Strands offers facilities of test collection at your doorstep, certified & modern laboratory diagnosis, detailed & comprehensive test results, and specific treatment recommendations. Test results are usually received by the pet owners in a week.

BUY FROM AMAZON

PetSure! Blood Glucose Testing for Cats and Dogs

This test kit can be used for both dogs and cats. PetSure provides simple and quick allergy test kits that are as accurate as came back from a laboratory. You can perform the test yourself and get the results in less than half-hour. PetSure test kits are designed for easy safe use at home and to provide key intolerances in pets.

BUY FROM AMAZON

Allergy Test My Pet for Small Dogs

This test provides an easy and affordable way to get a detailed idea of your dog’s food and environmental intolerances. This kit is recommended for small dogs who are under 18 pounds in weight. Test results are produced within 2 weeks along with the recommendations on the best foods for your dog and which foods to avoid.

BUY FROM AMAZON

Nutriscan Food Intolerance Sensitivity Test

This is basically a food intolerance test that takes your dog’s saliva samples and checks on 56 different items to make sure you get specific key sensitivities of your pet. This testing service can also predict latent or future food insensitivities which are not yet over. You can use this test kit at home and it may not cause any pain.

BUY FROM AMAZON

The post Top 5 Hot Releases in Dog Allergy Test Kits Review appeared first on Heidi Hoerman.

from Heidi Hoerman https://heidihoerman.com/top-5-hot-releases-in-dog-allergy-test-kits-review/

[niafr]

NUTRIscan

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/179ETpHhTgmJ_K101QsMWwguH4Y56TzJY

[ronaldmorton]

Last Minute Health Wellness Gifts for Dogs

Ask any dog lover what they want most for their dog and the majority of us will say, “health and wellness.” We want our dogs to live as long as possible, so wellness gifts for dogs is something every dog parent can use.

Luckily, you’ve stumbled onto this blog post to do some shopping for the holidays or anytime…if good health is on your dog’s wish list or that of a dog lover you know, here are 16 items to finish up your shopping or just because (p.s. these make fab stocking stuffers, too):

This post contains affiliate links for which I earn a small income if you click through and purchase something on the links. Please see my disclosure policy for details.

External Health Wellness Gifts for Dogs

Here are four gifts that will help your dog’s external health stay in tip top shape. Think coat and skin when you shop for these treasures, as we’re going for the gold without breaking the bank: amzn_assoc_placement = “adunit0”; amzn_assoc_tracking_id = “fidoseo07-20”; amzn_assoc_ad_mode = “manual”; amzn_assoc_ad_type = “smart”; amzn_assoc_marketplace = “amazon”; amzn_assoc_region = “US”; amzn_assoc_linkid = “e523f52c0fe13ae75c78faff1fc172fc”; amzn_assoc_search_bar = “true”; amzn_assoc_title = “Fidose Finds for External Dog Health”; amzn_assoc_asins = “B00ZHLK4ZI,B002YHL82G,B073PWS8H3,B002CQU596”; //z-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/onejs?MarketPlace=US

Multipet Genie Small Dog Grooming Brush: We own several of these; my dog loves the feel of the painless brushing. The more you brush your pet the more evenly distributed oils are leaving your pet with a healthier and shinier coat.

Vetericyn Plus All Animal Wound & Skin Care: I keep a bottle of this in my dog’s first aid kit at home and when we travel for any sort of wounds or unexpected boo boos.

Only Natural Pet Pure&Clean Itch Relief Shampoo: This shampoo is great for dry, itchy winter skin and it is soothing . It is free of sulfates, parabens, phosphates, phthalates, synthetic dyes, perfumes or DEA.

Nordic Naturals Omega-3 Soft Gels: A quality Omega-3 fatty acid is good for the skin, joints, nerves, or dogs having any condition associated with inflammation (skin allergies, immune-mediated diseases, arthritis, cancer, etc.).

Internal Health Wellness Gifts for Dogs

Here are four gifts that will keep your dog’s inner workings functioning properly. We are users of all four of these, so we have years of experience with each of them and hope they make great additions to your dog’s healthcare maintenance:

Urine Test Strips: Okay, not the fanciest gift but this will pay for itself time and again because you can monitor your dog’s urine at home between vet visits. Dip the Urine: Seriously, check your dog’s urine from home. I purchase the Urinalysis Test Strips that test for many different levels of things in my dog’s urine. If your dog battles urinary tract infections (UTI’s), these strips can be a lifesaver for detecting levels such as pH and blood in the urine in between vet visits. Here are secrets to preventing a dog urinary tract infection.

Joint Protection :  My dog has had two leg surgeries due to ruptured ACLs (ligaments in the rear legs). As such, I want to be sure I coat his joints. Our preference is Cosequin Advanced Strength, which we have been using for years. I use the Advanced formula because I noticed a distinct difference in my dog’s gait function on it. We crush up one capsule with a small mortar and pestle and mix with his food at lunch. If you are just starting a dog on a supplement, ease into it, watch for any signs of digestive issues (diarrhea), and be sure to talk to your dog’s vet about any contraindications in advance. More on safely slowing dog arthritis here.

Dr. Dodds’ NutriScan Food Intolerance Test for Dogs: This is one test we use and highly recommend. Uncover your dog’s food sensitivities to put him on the right diet for optimal health. You are sent the kit, easily obtain a sample of your dog’s saliva with the kit, mail it back and in a few weeks you find out what food ingredients your dog should avoid.

Dog Safe Toothpaste: I am firm believer in daily dog teeth brushing. Dogs cannot spit, so a pet-safe toothpaste is what you need to use. This makes a thoughtful stocking stuffer, too. Learn to get your dog used to toothbrushing here.

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Dog Emotional Well Being Gifts

These four gifts will keep your dog wagging. We are firm believers that a happy dog is a healthy dog, and emotional well being of a dog is very important. A bored dog is also an unhappy dog, so here are four items to consider:

Nina Ottosson Brain Game for Dogs: My dog is a lover of these games, and they make for great indoor, winter, and rainy day play. This one is great for dogs of all sizes, but be sure to supervise with the parts of the game.

Indoor Treat Dispensing Ball: Our dog will play for a while with this one, and we let him go for 20 minutes or so. We even time him for fun to see if he can beat his own record. Pair this with kibble you feed or low-cal dog treats and you’ve got some fun indoor fun.

ZippyPaws X-Large Burrow Log and Chipmunks Squeaky Hide and Seek Plush Dog Toy: We just cannot take the cuteness overload on this. The extra large log size and stuffies make for a fun. I like it for stuffing other toys into it. Supervise your dog and this might not be the best choice for heavy chewers. Heck, I am forever sewing stuffed animals, so go for it with this one.

Treat Tossing Camera for Dogs: For folks who want to interact with their dogs when they are away or running errands, this one has a pet camera and treat dispenser and works with Alexa!

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Paw Protection Gifts for Dogs

Paw Pad Protection: Musher’s Secret Pet Paw Protection is a barrier, food-grade wax for dog paws/pads that acts as an invisible boot. Developed in Canada for sledding dogs, apply a thin coat on pads and between toes, weekly. It dries in seconds and does not stain, is nontoxic, non-allergenic and ranges from $12-$20 depending on size. Good on hot pavement, sand and sand burn, snow and ice, salt and chemicals.

Pawz Purple Water-Proof Dog Boot: We have used these for years. Protects against snow, ice, heat and chemicals. You get three sets (12 total) per order, and they last me the whole winter and beyond with average usage. Allow your dog to get used to one of them on his or her paw indoors before moving on to all four paws. It took my dog about five minutes. Each dog is different, so be patient.

Millers Forge Nail Clipper with Orange Handle: Dog nail care is incredibly important. This is the winner for me, hands down, for control of the nail and enabling me to take slices and short bursts instead of one huge clip or cut with another type of dog nail clippers. This are comfortable in my hand and I feel more in control.  Learn how we take care of dog nails at home here.

In-Home Paw Care: Only Natural Pet Soothe & Shield Paw Balm is a staple here. It keeps paws moisturized without staining.

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Do you shop for your dogs? DO tell!

 Note:  This post contains affiliate links from Amazon, meaning if you click on a link above and then make a purchase, Fidose of Reality will receive a small commission with no extra cost to you. You help us keep the site up and running and in exchange, you get to shop for items you love. Wags!

The post Last Minute Health Wellness Gifts for Dogs appeared first on Fidose of Reality.

Last Minute Health Wellness Gifts for Dogs syndicated from http://ift.tt/2k1J2Eq

[nolanmary616]

Finally, a new test has been developed by Dr Jean Dodds, to test for food allergies. The "NutriScan Food Intolerance Test," is a salivary test for 24 of the most common foods dogs become sensitive to. The article also addresses managing a "novel diet." This is great news to those of us who have a dog with food allergies/sensitivities.

[swagpupdotcom-blog]

Q&A with Dr. Dodds: Testing pets who do not have classic food intolerance symptoms

Recently, we received an excellent question from Canada regarding NutriScan.

Question: Hello Dr. Dodds, Can my dog have a NutriScan test even if he does not currently show food intolerance? I am asking this question because at a very young age almost 4 months, Zack has shown intolerance of kibble given by his breeder. So we changed kibble for a fish-based grain-free food, and now he is OK. I would like to introduce him to BARF (biologically appropriate raw foods), but for that matter, I just want to be sure that I offer Zack foods that he will tolerate. So would the NutriScan test be good even if Zack currently has no apparent food intolerance at this time?  

Answer: Hello! This is an excellent question that we have been meaning to address. YES! It is a good idea to have dogs that do not or no longer have classic symptoms of food intolerance tested with Nutriscan. His body may be reactive to undeclared food ingredients that are present in commercial pet foods including premium and even prescription foods. These occurrences have been recently documented in several publications.  He could also have vague symptoms related to food intolerance that go undiagnosed.  Identifying any reactive foods or treats allows you to remove them from the diet and make an apparently healthy pet even healthier. This approach can benefit all dogs, cats and horses.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

http://www.swagpup.com/qa-with-dr-dodds-testing-pets-who-do-not-have-classic-food-intolerance-symptoms/

#Pets #Dogs #Cats #Pet

[drjeandoddspethealthresource]

Pet Foods: Raw vs. Cooked Food Diets and Bacteria Concerns

The debate over which type of diet is best for dogs and other pets – raw meat-based or cooked meat-based – often stirs strong emotions and polarizes people into taking “sides”, often with no room for acceptance of the other viewpoint.

Proponents of raw food diets cite numerous benefits, including:

More closely mirrors the evolutionary diet of wolves and wild dogs.

Dogs are carnivores designed to consume raw meat, bones and viscera.

Dog guardian controls the ingredient selection and sourcing (with home-prepared raw diets).

Higher in enzymes, vitamins and minerals than cooked foods.

Greater nutrient availability than cooked foods.

Improved skin and coat.

Reduced or eliminated ear infections.

Improved breath.

Fewer, less bulky, less foul-smelling stools.

Increased energy levels.

Reduced incidences of chronic disease.

Enhanced immune function and overall optimum health.

Opponents of raw food diets cite negatives, including:

May expose humans to higher levels of bacterial contamination.

Lack of studies showing that raw-fed dogs live healthier, longer lives.

Exposes vulnerable dogs to dangerous bacteria.

Home-prepared raw meat-based diets are often unbalanced, with deficiencies and/or excesses of certain nutrients.

Unbalanced raw diets are of particular concern with regard to growing puppies.

Bones, even raw, pose risk of obstruction and perforation.

Proponents of fresh, home-cooked diets cite numerous benefits, including:

Dog guardian controls the ingredient selection and sourcing.

Fresh, whole foods provide higher levels of nutrients than processed commercial foods.

Nutrients contained in fresh foods are more bioavailable than those contained in processed commercial foods.

Fresh meat, fruits and vegetables are more species-appropriate than commercial foods, especially kibble.

Improved skin and coat.

Reduced or eliminated ear infections.

Improved breath.

Fewer, less bulky, less foul-smelling stools than with commercial foods.

Increased energy levels.

Reduced incidences of chronic disease.

Enhanced immune function and overall optimum health. 

Opponents of fresh, home-cooked diets cite numerous negatives, including:

The main negative cited by opponents of home-cooked diets is that they are nutritionally unbalanced and can contribute to long-term vitamin/mineral deficiencies.

Opponents are commonly those invested in the mass-market commercial pet food industry.

Many mainstream veterinarians are also opposed to home-prepared diets.

We believe the vast majority mean well and are basing their beliefs on information provided by commercial pet food industry.

The main objection veterinarians typically raise regarding raw meat-based diets has more to do with human food safety issues than the validity of the diet for the animal. It goes without saying that proper food handling and safety techniques should be used when feeding a raw meat-based diet, just as they should when handling raw meat prior to cooking. In addition, vulnerable individuals, such as young children, the elderly, sick or immune-impaired people, young puppies or ill dogs should not be exposed to raw meat due to potential health risks. Common-sense precautions can greatly minimize the potential of bacterial contamination from raw food.

In our view, neither a raw nor cooked diet is inherently “better” than the other. We work with many dogs that thrive on raw food diets, and others that do not do well on raw foods but thrive on freshly prepared cooked foods. As we keep coming back to, every dog is an individual, and we believe that individual needs should outweigh a devotion to any one way of feeding.

Food Recalls

Many of us prefer to believe that the foods we and our pets eat are healthy and safe, even if we and they overeat fatty foods or those with a high glycemic index (high sugars and starches). However, both the human and pet food industries have more recently been inundated with food recalls for contamination with microbes including bacteria, viruses and parasites. Every food type has been implicated, even candies.

Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, and E. coli

Food recalls in human and pet foods have primarily concerned contamination with Salmonella (many sources from animals, fish and plants), Listeria (mostly from bovine species), and Campylobacter bacteria, Hepatitis A virus in undercooked shellfish, and parasites.

The most recent pet food recall was for a cat food that was contaminated with both Salmonella and Listeria spp., and caused acute illness in 2 kittens and one died. It should be noted that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) quoted a study from 2004 and stated, “Although L. monocytogenes can infect many animal species, dogs and cats rarely get listeriosis and they usually don’t show signs of disease. One reference mentions only six reported cases in dogs from 1947 to 2000, and the dogs showed a wide range of signs.”

Campylobacter spp. are now considered to be major triggering agents of acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN), an immune-mediated peripheral nerve disorder in dogs that shares many similarities with Guillain-Barre syndrome in humans. However, there is little information about the relationship between APN and Campylobacter spp. in dogs. Potential risk factors were investigated, particularly consumption of raw chicken in 27 client-owned dogs suffering from suspected APN and 47 healthy dogs, client- or staff member owned. Where fecal samples were collected within 7 days from onset of clinical signs, APN cases were 9.4 times more likely to be positive for Campylobacter spp. compared to control dogs.

Further, a significant association was detected between dogs affected by APN and the consumption of raw chicken (96% of APN cases; 26% of control dogs). The most common Campylobacter spp. identified was Campylobacter upsaliensis. Thus, raw chicken consumption is clearly a risk factor in dogs for the development of APN, which potentially is mediated by infection with Campylobacter spp. Dr. Frieda Jorgensen, Public Health England, states 90% of Campylobacter cells are killed slowly by freezing, making it much less likely that the bacteria will be passed to humans. The temperature range for growth is 30- 45°C, with an optimum of 42°C. Survival at room temperature is poor, but Campylobacter can survive for a short time at refrigeration temperatures – up to 15 times longer at 2°C than at 20°C.

Escherichia coli is a common fecal contaminant that can be found in many consumed human and animal foods.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

References

Axelsson, E, Ratnakumar, A, Arendt, MJ, et al. “The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet.” Nature. 2013; 495:360–364.

Baião DSS, da Silva DVT, del Aguila EM, et al. “Nutritional, bioactive and physicochemical characteristics of different beetroot formulations.” In: Food Additives, Chapter 2; Karunaratne DN, Pamunuwa G (Eds). 2017.  ISBN 978-953-51-3490-9, Print ISBN 978-953-51-3489-3, Published: September 6, 2017. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.69301.

Bailey J.S, Lyon B.G, Lyon CE, et al. “The microbiological profile of chilled and frozen chicken.” J Food Protection 2000; 63: 1228–1230.

“Blue Ridge Beef recalls pet food; kitten deaths reported.” Food Safety News. March 3,2018. www.foodsafetynews.com

Carneiro MF, Morais C, Small DM, et al. “Thimerosal induces apoptotic and fibrotic changes to kidney epithelial cells in vitro.” Environ Toxicol. 2015 Dec;30(12):1423-33. doi: 10.1002/tox.22012. Epub 2014 Jun 18.

Case LP, Daristotle L, Hayek MG, et al. Canine and Feline Nutrition (3rd Ed.) 2011, Mosby Elsevier, Maryland Heights, MS.

Dodds WJ. “Adjuvants and additives in human and animal vaccines.“ Med Res Archives 2016; 2(5):1-8.

Dodds WJ. “Diagnosis of canine food sensitivity and intolerance using saliva: report of outcomes.” J Am Hol Vet Med Assoc 2017.2018; 49:32-43.

Dodds, WJ, Laverdure, DR. Canine Nutrigenomics: The New Science of Feeding Your Dog for Optimum Health. 2015. DogWise Publishing, Wenatchee, WA, pp.323.

Dodds WJ, Laverdure-Dunetz, DR. The Complete Canine Nutrition Dog Health Program, Lessons 12 and 13, 2017-2018. www.myhealthydog.dog

Dominguez SA, Schaffner DW. “Survival of Salmonella in processed chicken products during frozen storage.” J Food Protection 2009; 72: 2088–2092.

Duyff RL. “Cope with food allergies and other food sensitivities.” Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Complete Food & Nutrition Guide. 5th ed. New York, N.Y.2017. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

“FDA says 44 deaths linked to kratom products; recall initiated.” Food Safety News. February 22, 2018. www.foodsafetynews.com

Freeman LM, Michel KE. “Evaluation of raw food diets for dogs.” J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001; 218: 705 - 709.

“Get the Facts about Listeria!” U S Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/ResourcesforYou/AnimalHealthLiteracy/ucm509767.htm#recalls.

Harrison MA, Huang YW, Chao CH, et al. “Fate of Listeria monocytogenes on packaged, refrigerated and frozen seafood.” J Food Protection 1991;54: 524-527.

“Heavy metals found in 40 percent of protein powders tested.” Food Safety News, February 28, 2018. www.foodsafetynews.com

Kerr K. R., Vester-Boler BM, Morris CL, et al. “Apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations of domestic cats fed extruded, raw beef-based, and cooked beef-based diets.” J Anim Science 2012; 90: 515-522.

Läikkö T, Båverud V, Danielsson-Tham ML, et al. “Canine tonsillitis associated with Listeria monocytogenes.” Vet Rec 2004; 154:732.

Martinez-Anton L, Marenda M, S.M. “Firestone SM et al. Investigation of the role of campylobacter infection in suspected acute polyradiculoneuritis in dogs..” J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:352–360.

Newberry C, McKnight L., Sarav M, et al. “Going gluten free: The history and nutritional implications of today's most popular diet.” Current Gastroenterol Rep 2017; 19:54. doi.org/10.1007/s11894-017-0597-2.

Parr JM, Remillard RL. “Common cofounders of dietary elimination trials contain the antigens soy, pork, and beef.” J Am An Hosp Assoc. 2014;50(5):298-304.

Pradhan AK, Li M, L Y, Kelso LC, et al. “A modified Weibull model for growth and survival of Listeria innocua and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken breasts during refrigerated and frozen storage.” Poultry Science 2012; 91(6):1482-1488.

“Popular dog food brands recalled after repeatedly testing positive for enthanasia drug.” February 18, 2018. www.peoplepets.com

Ricci R, Granato A, Vascellari M, et al. “Identification of undeclared sources of animal origin in canine dry foods used in dietary elimination trials.” J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2013; 97:32-38.

Simpson-Beauchamp C, Byelashov OA, Geornaras I, et al. “Fate of Listeria monocytogenes during freezing, thawing and home storage of frankfurters.” Food Microbiol 2010;.27: 144–149.

Spitze AR,Wong DL, Rogers QR, et al. “Taurine concentrations in animal feed ingredients; cooking influences taurine content.” J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2003: 87: 251–262.

Tôrres CL, Backus RC, Fascetti AJ, et al. “Taurine status in normal dogs fed a commercial diet associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy.” J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2003;87: 359–372.

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Lectins: The Least Understood Hot Nutritional Topic These Days

Lectins are among the hot nutritional topics these days that need a dose of reality. Some people are touting “Avoid!” Other people respond, “Impossible.” I am firmly in the second camp; we need lectins. So, before discussing them, let’s put them in perspective.

In life, we hope to simplify decision-making into black or white outcomes. Indeed, science has done this with experiments in terms of the hypothesis and its antithesis, the null hypothesis. This method has served us well and helped advance civilization.

When we analyze food, however, it is more complex and we need to weigh its proportionality to achieve the best health outcome.

Here’s an analogy. Think of food as your friends’ personalities. You have friends you may talk to everyday. Friends you shop with once a week or monthly. Friends you simply see on special occasions. You have structured your social life based on their good personality traits that interact best with yours and bear through any less desirable traits. By extension, foods have traits – vitamins, minerals, calories, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, etc. – that tip the overall scale in either a beneficial or potentially harmful way.

What are Lectins?

Lectins are proteins that bind to sugar

There are several classes of lectins (A very important point)

Lectins are ubiquitous and present in all foods (Thus debunking the myth that lectins can be avoided)

The amount of lectins present varies between each food

Some lectins are good; but some lectins are bad for health

One little known purpose of lectins is to act as a natural insecticide and fungicide to protect plants from predators

Lectins are complex and research has only begun scratching the surface on their dietary impact. Thus, we need to proceed judiciously when addressing the topic.

The Function and Dysfunction of Lectins in the Mammalian Body

Facilitate immune function, cell-to-cell contact, and body fat regulation – all beneficial

However, may be resistant to digestion, while they enter the blood unchanged

Can damage the intestinal lining and disrupt intestinal villi; resulting in the body’s decreased ability to absorb nutrients

May also harm bowel microflora – the beneficial bacteria that live inside the mucosal tissue lining of the gut and thereby contributing to “leaky gut syndrome”

Diets high in certain toxic lectins may cause conditions such as dementia, and chronic inflammation such as obesity and cancer, as well as contribute to autoimmune diseases  

Foods High in Toxic Lectins

Legumes (beans) – soybeans, black beans, fava beans, garbanzo beans (chickpeas), kidney beans, lima beans, pinto beans, adzuki beans, and anasazi beans

Grains – wheat, rye, corn, oats, millet, buckwheat, rice, quinoa, plus others

Dairy products

Nightshade Vegetables – eggplant, tomatoes, bell peppers, white potatoes, goji berries

Putting These Foods in Perspective

We have to remember that food is the sum of its parts: vitamins, minerals, calories, carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Their overall benefit can outweigh the undesirable aspects.

With that being said, we recommend avoiding:

All gluten-containing grains – i.e. wheat, rye, barley, oats unless labelled as gluten-free, spelt, kamut and even couscous, as they contain gliadin, the molecule so like thyroid hormone it can contribute to development of autoimmune thyroid disease)

Corn and soybeans for several reasons beyond the fact they contain lectins – most corn fed to pets is of GMO and soybeans are phytoestrogens)

Lectins simply compound the undesirable traits.

However, so long as your dog is not lectin-intolerant and can digest and assimilate these foods, the nutritious benefits of gluten-free grains and certain legumes warrant their addition in moderation to your dog’s diet. We should remember that beans (legumes) are functional carbohydrates that are known to be a good source of calcium, lower cholesterol, combat cancer, and stabilize blood sugar.

Regarding beans, you should watch out for flatulence! You just need to make sure you soak the beans and cook them properly to reduce their lectin content. [Sprouting and fermenting beans also reduces their lectin content.]

The list of lectins to feed as long as your dog is not intolerant of the food or lectins:

Black-eyed peas

Garbanzo beans (chickpeas)[a favorite of many]

Gluten-free oats

Kidney beans

Lentils

Lima beans

Millet (a goitrogen)

Pinto beans

Quinoa

Sorghum

 W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

 References

Berg, JM, et al. Biochemistry, vol. 5, WH Freeman, 2002, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22545/.

de Punder, Karin, and Leo Pruimboom. “The Dietary Intake of Wheat and Other Cereal Grains and Their Role in Inflammation.” Nutrients, vol. 5, no. 3, 12 Mar. 2013, pp. 771–778., www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705319/.

Dodds WJ and Laverdure DR, Canine Nutrigenomics, Dogwise Publishing, Wenatchee, WA, 2015.

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Top 10 Facts on Nutrition

1. Nutrition is the key to a healthy immune system and resistance to disease. 2. Provide variety of whole, nutrient dense foods for health and longevity. 3. Feed species appropriate diets; needed not just to survive but thrive. 4. True food allergies rare; food intolerances common. Food elimination trials poorly followed. 5. Dogs have become obligate omnivores; genome evolved to digest and assimilate starch. 6. Cats remain obligate carnivores. 7. Raw balanced diets are superior; use common sense safety precautions. 8. Commercial raw diets should be high-pressure pasteurized; freeze dried, dehydrated or frozen. 9. Homemade balanced diets with human-grade ingredients also very good. 10. Grain-free, preferably gluten-free commercial diets are suitable too.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

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Can Inflammation Ever Be Good for the Body?

Oftentimes when we discuss inflammation on Dr. Dodds’ Pet Health Resource Blog, we focus on the bad chronic inflammation that could result in long-term diseases. Flipping the conversation on its head: can inflammation ever be good for the body? Yes; it can.

Acute inflammation (short-term) is the body’s defense system protecting itself from an injury or infection. Think about a cut on your skin. You may put a bandage on it or maybe some antibacterial cream. No matter what, you will more than likely have short term inflammation signaled by redness and slight swelling. This is the body rushing blood, fluid and proteins to the cut, which generates swelling and heat to protect and repair damaged tissue. This reaction is called the “Triple Response of Lewis” that occurs from an injury to the skin, which produces an initial red area, followed by a flare around that area, and then a wheal. It is due to the release of histamine. The outcome is setting the stage for healing. If the cut does not heal or gets worse, you should consult a doctor for yourself or veterinarian for your companion pets.

If you or your companion pet twist a joint like an ankle, the body surrounds the area with inflammatory swelling to prevent further injury. It should eventually heal over a few days. You should definitely take it easy on the injured area to speed up the healing process and make the pain go away. The opposite of acute joint injury is chronic tissue inflammation, which predisposes to infection and eventually, if not addressed, can lead to obesity and even cancer. These injuries need prompt medical attention.

With pets, it would be best to go straight to your veterinarian since they could have bruised or broken a bone.  

Fever is another inflammatory example of the body’s natural defense mechanism against any foreign invaders. In this instance, white blood cells spit out interleukins (a group of cytokine molecules that regulate the body’s cellular immune response to help fight bacteria. If a fever spikes to a dangerous level that may compromise the brain, we clearly need to consult a doctor or veterinarian. However, a short-term low-level fever is the body working to help set the stage for healing.

We have known that exercising is good for the body, brain and emotional state for centuries. The Greeks coveted muscular bodies. Colloquialisms we use these days include “ripped” or “cut” to describe a muscular body. Those words are definitely apropos – as we rip it apart to cause it to regenerate.

Think about it, a new workout routine or a particular exercise is first general soreness, which then signals progress. This soreness comes from natural muscle cell inflammation and damage. Inflammation rushes immune cells to the location to those sore areas to repair the muscle damage. In fact, lack of an adequate inflammatory response contributes to poor muscle regeneration.

We know that exercise helps combat obesity, which results from the chronic cellular oxidative stress of inflammation that results in disease. So, exercise – which produces good inflammation – then has an anti-inflammatory effect by helping to control weight.

Flipping the Inflammation Protocol

For years, the typical health care protocol was to suppress inflammation. The arsenal of treatment options that are available and still used include acetaminophen such as Tylenol to reduce fevers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like ibuprofen/Advil, or steroids. The biggest conundrum has been the side effects with each of these therapies. Acetaminophen could damage the liver, ibuprofen could cause gastrointestinal bleeding, and steroids could create a number of issues like weight gain, and adrenal or kidney damage. Researchers are actively studying how to suppress inflammation without generating these deleterious problems.

Indeed, it has been known for a long time that excess anti-inflammatory medication actually slows the wound healing of acute tissue inflammation. So now the question becomes: how can we utilize the positive effects and control the negative effects of tissue inflammation?  

Scientists are also thinking “outside of the box” of suppression: perhaps by inflaming another part of the body so that it can combat chronic or bad inflammation. This approach could be risky and so they are proceeding cautiously.

For instance, a group of researchers in 2011 noted that activating two proteins via inflammation helps to maintain normal blood sugar levels in obese and diabetic mice. Essentially, if we increase the levels of these inflammatory signals, they could actually be therapeutic in diabetes and obesity. Problem is though, inflaming them might worsen other inflammatory diseases like asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.

Clearly, while inflammation can be good tissue response , we need to be able to harness, tame, and calm it down when it becomes overactive and bad.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

 References

Anft, Michael. “Understanding Inflammation.” Johns Hopkins Health Review, 2016, http://www.johnshopkinshealthreview.com/issues/spring-summer-2016/articles/understanding-inflammation.

Lee, Jaemin et al. “p38 MAPK-mediated regulation of Xbp1s is crucial for glucose homeostasis”, Nature Medicine, vol. 17,10 1251-60. 4 Sep. 2011, doi:10.1038/nm.2449, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4397266/.

Lu, Haiyan et al. “Macrophages recruited via CCR2 produce insulin-like growth factor-1 to repair acute skeletal muscle injury”, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol. 25,1 (2011): 358-69, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005436/.

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Cat Scratch Disease

The colloquial name for bartonellosis, cat scratch disease (CSD) typically caused by the bacterium, Bartonella henselae, is possibly the most mischaracterized description for any disease out there. Yes; scratches from cats that carry Bartonella spp. can cause bartonellosis in humans, but the name does not identify the actual vector source, namely – cat fleas. In fact, insects are the primary vectors of many Bartonella bacteria that infect humans. For example, Bartonella quintana causes trench fever and spreads through body lice. Bartonella bacilliformis causes Carrión’s disease and is transmitted through certain sand flies in parts of South America.

It is also fascinating that each of these forms of bartonellosis can produce a skin reaction in humans. Trench fever causes a rash along with fevers and headaches. Phase two of Carrión’s disease creates lesions to appear under the skin as nodular growths, then emerge from the skin as red-to-purple vascular lesions that are prone to ulceration and bleeding. CSD can cause pustules in humans.

What about CSD symptoms in cats?

It is estimated that 40% of cats have Bartonella bacteria at some point in their lives. However, although the majority of infected cats are asymptomatic, they are subclinical carriers of CSD. If the disease progresses in cats, it is usually self-limiting (heals on its own) and transient, lasting approximately 48-72 hours. Extremely rare instances of more serious infection include symptoms such as  fever, vomiting, lethargy, red eyes, swollen lymph nodes, and/or decreased appetite.

By the way, cats and dogs can be infected with other Bartonella strains besides CSD, and dogs can also be infected with CSD. Specifically regarding CSD, dogs are more likely to present clinical symptoms as compared to cats, namely, fever, endocarditis and myocarditis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, cardiac arrhythmias, granulomatous rhinitis and epistaxis.  

How do cats transmit CSD to humans?

Always remember that cat fleas are essential to transmit CSD to humans. B. henselae multiplies in a flea’s digestive tract. When the flea defecates, B. henselae bacteria will then survive for several days. So, when cats scratch their bodies and subsequently scratch someone, the person could now be infected with CSD. If a cat grooms and then bites someone, the same result is possible. Additionally, CSD transmission can occur if a flea infested cat licks an open wound.

CSD symptoms in humans

Please bear in mind that CSD in humans is usually self-limiting and progresses slowly. In fact, doctors only test for CSD when the disease is severe, and suspect s CSD based on the patient's symptoms, medical history and immune system. Otherwise, CSD is typically not treated in healthy people.

After the skin is broken, infection can occur at the site of the scratch within 3-14 days. The site may appear swollen and red, have round lesions and be pus-filled. Fever could also be present as well as headache and poor appetite. Again, it is self-limiting the majority of the time.

If the disease progresses, a person's lymph node(s) closest to the original scratch or bite can become swollen, tender, or painful.

Only in extremely rare cases does the disease progress to affect the brain, eyes, heart, liver or other internal organs. This is more likely to happen in children or people who are severely immunocompromised or have cancer. Regarding immunocompromised patients, their bodies usually cannot keep the bacteria contained to their regional lymph nodes, thereby allowing to spread to other parts of the body.  

Incidence of CSD in humans

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a review of cases from 2005-2013.

13,273 patients with a diagnosis of CSD: 12,735 outpatients and 538 inpatients.

Highest average annual CSD incidence for outpatients and inpatients was among children 5–9 years of age.

The largest proportion of diagnoses was made during January, followed by August–November.

Incidence was highest from Texas to Florida, Maryland and Kentucky being the most northern states affected.

Incidence was lowest in the more arid Mountain states.

Clearly, the statistical evidence shows a direct correlation between climate and flea load, which indicates the number of people who might be at risk to develop CSD.

Prevention

Are you thinking you may want to have your cat declawed now? Please don’t. The CDC recommends washing the infected area after the scratching or biting incident occurred. If a child’s symptoms do develop, please go to your healthcare provider. Indeed, declawed cats are four times more likely to bite if they perceive danger. So, the chances of preventing CSD with the declawing option are really not decreased, and may create the opposite situation of increased exposure risk.

The CDC goes on to state for people who are immunocompromised:

If you’re HIV-positive, are being treated for cancer, or have any other condition that might disrupt your immune system, you can keep your cat. Just keep the following points in mind:

Keep the cat indoors.

Avoid rough play with cats and situations in which scratches are likely. Declawing is not recommended.

Promptly wash any cat scratches or bites with soap and water.

Avoid contact with fleas.

Treat the cat with a flea control product recommended by your veterinarian.

It’s not necessary to test or treat a healthy cat for Bartonella.

If you are getting a cat, make sure it’s at least a year old, in good health, and free of fleas (kittens are more likely to carry B. henselae). Avoid stray cats and cats with flea infestations.

New findings include the fact that ticks may also carry the B. henselae bacteria too. So, it really all comes down to flea and tick prevention.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

References

Bartonella Infection (Cat Scratch Disease, Trench Fever, and Carrión's Disease). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 21 Mar. 2016, http://www.cdc.gov/bartonella/index.html.

Chomel, Bruno, et al. “Bartonella Spp. in Pets and Effect on Human Health.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 12, no. 3, Mar. 2006, pp. 389–394., doi: https://10.3201/eid1203.050931.

Hofve, Jean. The Cat Lover's Anti-Declawing Handbook. Vetwise Publishing, 2017, http://www.littlebigcat.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ADAH-2018.pdf.

Martell-Moran, Nicole, et al. “Pain and Adverse Behavior in Declawed Cats.” Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, vol. 20, no. 4, 1 Apr. 2018, pp. 280–288., doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X17705044.

Nelson, Christina, et al. “Cat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 22, no. 10, Oct. 2016, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2210.160115

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FDA Issues Warning about Flea and Tick Products

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning on September 20, 2018 about the isoxazoline flea and tick products fluralaner for dogs and cats (Bravecto®), afoxalaner for dogs (Nexgard®), and saroloner for dogs (Simparica®). The recently introduced isoxazoline, lotilaner (Credelio®) for dogs falls into this same class.

Dogs and cats with no known prior medical history of muscle tremors, ataxia, and seizures have experienced those adverse reactions to this class of flea and tick preventive pesticides. While the FDA is not pulling the four flea and tick preventatives off the market at this time, they will all have to carry an FDA warning on their packaging.

Clinical, evidenced-based reports have been coming forward for the past several years and many studies are currently percolating about the reported adverse reactions to isoxazolines, synthetic pesticides. Dr. Jean Dodds is currently on a privately convened expert committee researching this topic and their report should be issued soon.

Oftentimes when information such as this is brought to light, veterinarians and researchers can point to certain breed characteristics, age, drug interactions, or genetic mutations. For instance, dogs that are epileptic or prone to seizures should not have spinosads – a natural substance made by a soil bacterium that can be toxic to insects – that is also for treatment or prevention of fleas. Two of the most well-known spinosad products are Trifexis® and Comfortis®.

Another example is the MDR1 gene mutation. This gene undergoes one or more mutations that allow a higher absorption of drugs and toxic substances to enter the central nervous system and then can breach the blood-brain barrier and create adverse reactions. Plus, we know that this gene mutation is most commonly found in dog breeds of herding breed ancestry. According to the Washington State Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology Lab, nearly three of every four Collies in the US have the mutant MDR1 gene. The frequency is about the same in France and Australia, so it is likely that most Collies worldwide have the mutation. The MDR1 mutation has also been found in Shetland Sheepdogs (Shelties), Australian Shepherds, Old English Sheepdogs, English Shepherds, German Shepherds, Long-haired Whippets, Silken Windhounds, and a variety of mixed breed dogs.

This is where this can get tricky with the MDR1 gene mutation. FDA-approved antiparasitic drugs such as ivermectin (Heartgard), selamectin (Revolution), milbemycin oxime (Interceptor) and moxidectin (Advantage Multi; Proheart 6) have been tested and found safe for MDR1-affected dogs when given at the prophylactic heartworm preventative dosage level. Despite this commentary, the present author does not recommend several of these products, especially for toy and small breeds and puppies or those with or at familial risk for autoimmune disorders, including vaccinosis.

Further, if a heartworm preventative is given with a spinosad, isoxazoline, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole or related antifungals, then serious drug-drug interactions can occur in dogs that have the MDR1 mutation.

While we have known about the MDR1 mutation situation before, the scary part now about the isoxazoline class of drugs is that researchers and veterinarians thus far cannot point to breed characteristics, age group, drug interactions or genetic mutations as contributing factors to the latest findings that prompted the FDA warning. These adverse reactions to the isoxazoline class appear to be affecting pets randomly.

As of May 4, 2018, 420 reports of worldwide adverse reactions to these pesticides in humans have been given to the European Medical Agencies (EMA). These reactions include breathing problems, skin conditions, and even seizures and the onset occurred after handling the chewable or spot-on treatment of fluralaner. Causality assessment at that time was placed at: 37 as probable, 13 as possible, 4 unclassifiable, 3 inconclusive, and the rest have not been assessed.

What is possibly most concerning is the introduction of Exzolt®, which curbs red poultry mites. Red poultry mites can cause anemia, disease susceptibility and higher mortality rates in chickens. Exzolt® is made of the same isoxazoline (fluralaner), which is sold as Bravecto® for dogs and cats. The EMA recommended to the European Union to approve Exzolt® use through water treated with the product. As of September 2017, the product was being marketed in Europe. The withdrawal period for meat from chickens treated with Exzolt® is 14 days. The withdrawal period for eggs from chickens treated with Exzolt® is zero days, which means there is no mandatory waiting time.

We have written extensively about the use of medications in livestock and how many of them can be passed up the food chain. We do not know definitively whether Exzolt® is passed up the food chain. Clearly, we believe that the EMA needs to reconsider its use.

After a search on the FDA’s website for fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and lotilaner, the use of these isoxazoline drugs is not approved for use in livestock or food producing animals.

If your companion dog or cat is not prone to fleas or you do not live in a tick-infested area, there is no reason to give flea and tick medications as preventatives. If these bugs attach themselves, you can use flea shampoos and combs, or specially designed tick removers. It is a little bit more work, but your companion pet’s health is worth it.

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

References

“Animal Drug Safety Communication: FDA Alerts Pet Owners and Veterinarians About Potential for Neurologic Adverse Events Associated with Certain Flea and Tick Products.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 20 Sept. 2018, http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/NewsEvents/CVMUpdates/ucm620934.htm.

Dodds, Jean. “Heartworm: A Real and Present Danger.” Dr. Jean Dodds' Pet Health Resource, 3 May 2015, http://www.drjeandoddspethealthresource.tumblr.com/post/118052606336/heartworm-dogs-danger#.W7OlAWhKjIV.

Dodds, Jean. “MDR1 Gene Mutation in Dogs.” MDR1 Gene Mutation in Dogs, 26 May 2017, http://www.drjeandoddspethealthresource.tumblr.com/post/158855646346/mdr1-gene-mutation-in-dogs-and-cats#.W7OmzWhKjIV.

“Exzolt.” European Medicines Agency, 20 Oct. 2017, http://www.ema.europa.eu/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/exzolt.

“MSD Animal Health Launches First Systemic Treatment for Poultry Red Mites; EXZOLT® Eliminates Infestations in European Poultry Houses.” Merck Animal Health, 5 Sept. 2017, http://www.merck-animal-health.com/news/2017-09-05.aspx.

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Medicinal Mushrooms for Pets

Mushrooms are fascinating fungi. Think about it: certain mushrooms are the only straight, out of the ground fungi we and our companion pets can eat. Indeed, they are a member of only a handful of fungi like yeast that can be found in foods or are used to make foods such as cheese and bread. Mushrooms, though, are more complex than that; the kingdom of fungi, also called fungus kingdom, is filled with edible, hallucinogenic, poisonous and medicinal mushrooms.

Similar to fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, mushrooms are packed full of certain and essential vitamins, minerals, and have important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In fact, mushrooms have been used by in folk medicines and also served as medicines prior to the development and use of pharmaceuticals for millennia. Nowadays, fungi also are used to make antibiotics, which doctors may use to treat bacterial infections. The resurgence of holistic medicine for people, pets and other species has brought the wondrous properties of mushrooms back into the spotlight as alternatives to more conventional practices.

The use of mushrooms to treat certain ailments is still a science that needs to be applied wisely. Therefore, we recommend you consult with an integrative veterinarian or physician before using them. Additionally, sourcing – regarding harvesting and processing – is always a consideration with any food or herb. Mushroom species can accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals and pesticides. Thus, contamination with toxic compounds may offset whatever potential health benefits they have to offer.

Popular Medicinal Mushrooms

Chaga – Supports the immune system and has anti-cancer properties

Cordyceps – Proven beneficial in some human and animal asthma patients

Maitake – Anti-cancer properties

Reishi – Stimulates and supports the immune system

Shiitake – Contains phytochemicals known to support the immune system and cellular functions

Turkey Tail or Yun zhi – Proven to improve survival in canine hemangiosarcoma patients

Functional Components of Mushrooms

Beta-glucans are the most medicinally-beneficial compound found in mushrooms. They make up to 50% of the cell wall structure of fungi and yeast, and are also found in the cell walls of seaweed and grains. Beta-glucans are polymers of glucose and are of varying lengths and degrees of branching that convey special properties to each fungus and yeast.

Once they are ingested, beta-glucans bind to receptors on the intestinal macrophages (a phagocytic white blood cell), which then carry them to other organs such as spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and reticuloendothelial tissues. The macrophages metabolize the beta-glucans glucans into smaller, more immunologically active metabolites which bond to and activate the complement receptors on bone marrow granulocytes (stem cells), thus increasing immune competence.

Alpha-glucans are also present in the fungal cell wall. They provide nourishment for sporulation, and help to prolong the survival of the spores by blocking their oxygen intake which slows their metabolism. Alpha-glucans, unlike beta-glucans, are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and are not specific to yeast, fungi, grain and seaweed.

These molecules that make up the cell wall of fungi and yeast provide a specific factor that allows them to be recognized not only by other yeast and fungi, but also by other plants, humans and animals. This recognition of fungi and yeast is an innate immune response that exists in both plants and animals to protect them from the old and ongoing threat of fungal invasion, infection, and even death. It is the branched chain beta-glucans, mannans and glycoproteins that provide the molecular recognition factors that trigger the protective immune responses.

Other compounds found in the cytoplasm of the mushroom cell include: terpenes, alkaloids, sterols, phenolic compounds, proteins and fatty acids. The triterpenoids of Chaga and Ganoderma spp. have some potent medicinal properties, such as hepatoprotective, lipid lowering, antioxidant, inhibition of histamine release by mast cells, anti-inflammatory activity, and act synergistically in immune activation when used in combination with beta-glucans.

Sterols are also found in mushrooms. Ergosterol, found in all mushroom, is tested for in documenting fungal contamination of grain. It is a precursor in forming vitamin D2, which is catalyzed by exposure to UV light, except in dogs and cats, who lack the enzyme to allow this conversion of either the ergosterol or cholesterol that is present in the skin of most other mammals.

Functions of Medicinal Mushrooms

Ongoing basic research and clinical trials in human and veterinary medicine have established the value of certain mushrooms in maintaining and balancing a healthy immune system as well as adjuncts or sole therapy in managing and treating various types of cancers.

The so-called Powerful Five mushrooms are described in more detail here:

Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) is a traditional medicinal mushroom with a variety of health benefits  such as antitumor, antimutagenic, antiangiogenesis, antiaging, endocrine balancing, and hypoglycemic effects. Cordycepin has many pharmacological activities including immune stimulating, anticancer, antivirus, and anti-infection activities. A variety of chemical constituents, including polysaccharides and glycoproteins, are involved in these activities. Cordycepin down-regulates the immediate hypersensitivity reaction stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. It is an important quality of life enhancing mushroom.

Maitake (Grifola frondosa) means “dancing mushroom” in Japanese. This mushroom is high in β-glucans which some believe makes it more effective than the Turkey Tail mushroom in its antitumor effects that derive from enhancing the immune system response through activation of macrophages, T cells, and NK cells. Maitake is also high in phospholipids and certain lectins, thus supporting brain function, nerve function, and regeneration. It lowers blood pressure, decreases cholesterol (through mevinolin, a secondary metabolite found in many fungi), is hepatoprotective, lowers blood glucose and is anti-diabetic.

Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is considered as an “elixir of life” in Japan, possessing the ability to enhance vital energy and believed to cure colds. It is high in enzymes, amino acids and minerals. It can reduce blood pressure, decrease blood cholesterol levels, prevent heart disease, and fight cancer. Other studies have shown its potential antibiotic actions by stimulating white blood counts, antibodies, and interferon, and inhibiting prostaglandins.

Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum; Ling zhi), known as the “Herb of Immortality” and “emperor of Mushrooms”, is used in various forms and combinations with other mushrooms, herbs, and antioxidants. It is a Qi tonic in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the activity resides in the polysaccharide, lysosomal enzyme, and triterpene constituents of the fungus. Among its many medicinal properties, it is immune and bone marrow stimulating, analgesic, anti-viral and -bacterial, antihypertensive and liver protective. This mushroom is most recognized for its help controlling cancers by activating cytokines and natural killer (NK) cells. Further, it serves as a potent antioxidant to ward of dementia; It also enhances the quality of line in elderly people and pets.

Turkey Tail (Trametes/Coriolus versicolor, Yun zhi) is a multicolored mushroom easily recognized by its colored patterns resembling the colors of a wild turkey’s tail feathers.  It is perhaps best recognized in veterinary medicine today because of the 2012 published double-blind randomized multidose pilot study showing that it significantly delayed the progression of metastases and afforded the longest survival times reported in canine hemangiosarcoma. A commercial product I’m Yunity® for dogs is available today. In addition to the antitumor properties, Turkey Tail also is antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-allergic, immuno-modulating, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective.

Mixing Mushrooms. By using Reishi, Maitake and Shiitake together, their individual positive effects become enhanced. Other mushrooms, Chinese herbs, and antioxidants maybe also added to this synergistic base. For treating lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma, the quality and length of life may be extended by adding Trametes/Coriolus to this mixture. 

W. Jean Dodds, DVM Hemopet / NutriScan 11561 Salinaz Avenue Garden Grove, CA 92843

References

Basko IJ. “Medicinal mushrooms: cancer prevention, control, and support.” JAHVMA 2016; 42:11-17.

Bollinger, Ty. “Medicinal Mushrooms Benefits: 5 Stunning Reasons to Consume Them Regularly.” Food Revolution Network, 20 July 2018, http://www.foodrevolution.org/blog/medicinal-mushrooms-benefits/.

Brown, DC, Reetz, J. “Single agent polysaccharopeptide delays metastases and improves survival in naturally occurring hemangiosarcoma.” Evidence-Based Compl Altern Med 2012; Article ID 384301, 8 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/384301

Isokauppila, Tero. “Medicinal Mushrooms: The Top 5 You Should Know How to Use.” Better Nutrition Magazine, 1 Sept. 2017, http://www.betternutrition.com/features-dept/5-medicinal-mushrooms.

“Medicinal Mushrooms List: The Top 7 You Need to Know About.” Chaga HQ, 28 June 2018, http://www.chagahq.com/medicinal-mushrooms-list/. 

Seo, MJ, Min JK, Hye HL et al. “Effect of Cordycepin on the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-17A in C57BL/6 Mice.” J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013; 23(2), 156–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1211.11032

Silver RJ. “Medicinal mushrooms: The next greatest thing after cannabis.” JAHVMA 2017; 48:36-42, Fall.