#On-chainData

[basechop]

Bitcoin Surpasses $48,000 Mark as Investor Sentiment Turns Bullish

Bitcoin (BTC) has surged past the $48,000 mark for the first time since the approval of spot ETFs by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), signaling a return of bullish sentiment to the market. On-chain data indicates that over the last 30 days, investors have been actively withdrawing coins from exchanges. As a result, the Bitcoin balance on major centralized platforms has dropped to its lowest level in six years. Investors Favor Self-Custody of BTC According to data from the analytical platform Santiment, the supply of Bitcoin on centralized exchanges recently dropped to 5.3% of the total circulating supply for the first time since December 2017. Consequently, nearly 95% of Bitcoins are currently held in non-custodial wallets. The chart below illustrates that the supply on Centralized Exchanges (CEX) has been in freefall since January 10 – coinciding with the approval of BTC spot ETFs. A decrease in supply on centralized trading platforms is typically considered a bullish signal, indicating that investors are not intending to sell assets in the near future. Bitcoin Price Movement In the last 24 hours, the price of the leading cryptocurrency has twice risen above the $48,000 mark. At the time of writing, Bitcoin is trading around $48,100. The surge is largely attributed to the actions of miners, who have reduced daily sales from over 800 BTC at the end of 2023 to less than 300 BTC at the beginning of 2024. Additionally, the selling pressure from the Bitcoin trust Grayscale (GBTC) has weakened since the end of January. Furthermore, the rally is fueled by expectations of the upcoming halving event scheduled for April this year. Disclaimer All information contained on our website is published on principles of fairness and objectivity, and solely for informational purposes. The reader assumes full responsibility for any actions taken based on information obtained from our website. Read the full article

[cryptotechnews24]

Large Whale Buys 400,000 Chainlink (LINK) Tokens Worth $3 Million

In the fast-paced world of cryptocurrencies, major transactions can send ripples through the market. According to the latest on-chain data, a significant player in the crypto space, commonly referred to as a "whale," has made a substantial acquisition of Chainlink (LINK) tokens. This whale has purchased an impressive 400,000 LINK tokens, which are valued at more than $3 million. The acquisition was executed using stETH and USDC, making it a notable event in the crypto world.

Whale's Strategic Purchase with stETH and USDC

The data, sourced from Etherscan, reveals that the whale made the purchase of 411,142 LINK tokens merely two hours ago. The acquisition was executed at an average price of $8.06 per token, resulting in a transaction worth approximately $3.3 million. Such a significant investment has garnered considerable attention from market observers and participants. Insights into the Whale's Cryptocurrency Holdings As per the on-chain data, the total amount of LINK purchased by this whale is an impressive 476,865 tokens. To put this in perspective, this acquisition represents around 0.15% of the total LINK supply, underlining the magnitude of the transaction. Market analysts are keenly monitoring this development to gauge its potential impact on LINK's market dynamics and price movement. a16z Boosts its MKR Token Holdings on Coinbase Apart from the notable whale purchase, there's also been a substantial investment made by a16z, a prominent venture capital firm in the cryptocurrency space. a16z has shown confidence in the Maker (MKR) tokens and has increased its holdings on Coinbase, one of the largest US-based crypto exchanges.

The Recent MKR Token Deposit

Recently, a16z deposited 1,380 MKR tokens on Coinbase, amounting to a value of $1.52 million. This strategic move further strengthens their position in the MKR market. Interestingly, the deposit was made via the address "0x1279," which currently holds a total of 5,520 MKR tokens, equivalent to $6 million. Notably, this address also deposited $1,380 MKR (approximately $1.5 million) on Coinbase on July 19, indicating a well-calculated investment strategy. Current Market Prices of LINK and MKR At the time of writing, the market prices of LINK and MKR are as follows: LINK is trading at $8.03, while MKR is hovering around $1.10. It's worth noting that cryptocurrency markets are highly dynamic and can experience fluctuations within short periods.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the latest on-chain data highlights a substantial acquisition of Chainlink (LINK) tokens by a major whale, amounting to over $3 million. The investment was strategically made using stETH and USDC, showcasing the whale's confidence in the cryptocurrency market. Additionally, a16z, a renowned venture capital firm, has increased its MKR token holdings on Coinbase, signifying its bullish stance on Maker (MKR). As the crypto market continues to evolve, these transactions could have significant implications for the overall market sentiment and price movements. It is essential for market participants and enthusiasts to closely observe these developments to stay informed and make well-informed decisions. For more articles visit: Cryptotechnews24 Source: en.bitcoinsistemi.com

Related Posts

Read the full article

[guillaumelauzier]

Managing Parties and Fetching Off-Chain Data in NFTs using Solidity and Chainlink Oracles

In the burgeoning world of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), many new challenges and use-cases are emerging. One such use-case is managing different contributing parties and their respective shares in a project represented by an NFT. Another is fetching and incorporating off-chain data into the Ethereum smart contract. In this article, we'll explore how to handle both these cases using Solidity and Chainlink oracles.

NFT-Managing-Parties

Imagine a scenario where an NFT represents a collaborative project with various contributors such as data providers, developers, or project managers, each holding a certain percentage of shares. Managing these contributions directly on-chain provides a transparent, immutable, and verifiable record. We can achieve this with the help of Solidity, a contract-oriented programming language used for writing smart contracts on various blockchain platforms, most notably Ethereum. Let's take a look at a simple contract NFT2 where an NFT can be minted and contributions can be added to the NFT. // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT pragma solidity ^0.8.0; import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol"; contract NFT2 is ERC721 { struct Contribution { address contributor; uint percentage; } mapping(uint => Contribution) public contributions; constructor() ERC721("NFT2", "NFT") {} function mintNFT(address recipient, uint tokenId) public { _mint(recipient, tokenId); } function addContribution(uint tokenId, address contributor, uint percentage) public { contributions.push(Contribution(contributor, percentage)); } function getContributions(uint tokenId) public view returns (Contribution memory) { return contributions; } } In this contract, mintNFT allows for the creation of a new NFT. addContribution enables the addition of contributors and their respective percentage shares to a specific NFT. The getContributions function retrieves the contributors and their percentages for a given NFT. Each NFT and its contributions are tracked using a mapping that links each token ID to an array of Contribution structs.

Fetching Off-Chain Data Using Chainlink Oracles

While the Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts offer robust and decentralized solutions, they're inherently cut off from the outside world and can't directly access off-chain data. This is where Chainlink comes in. Chainlink is a decentralized oracle network that allows smart contracts to securely interact with real-world data and external APIs. Chainlink oracles can be used to fetch data from an off-chain source and supply it to your on-chain smart contract. For example, we might want to fetch data from a specific URL and store the returned value in our contract. pragma solidity ^0.8.0; import "@chainlink/contracts/src/v0.8/ChainlinkClient.sol"; contract MyContract is ChainlinkClient { using Chainlink for Chainlink.Request; uint256 public volume; address private oracle; bytes32 private jobId; uint256 private fee; constructor() { setPublicChainlinkToken(); oracle = 0x123...; // This should be the address of the oracle jobId = "abc123..."; // This should be the job ID fee = 0.1 * 10 ** 18; // This is the fee (0.1 LINK in this case) } function requestData() public returns (bytes32 requestId) { Chainlink.Request memory request = buildChainlinkRequest(jobId, address(this), this.fulfill.selector); request.add("get", "http://api.example.com/data"); // This should be your off-chain API URL return sendChainlinkRequestTo(oracle, request, fee); } function fulfill(bytes32 _requestId, uint256 _volume) public recordChainlinkFulfillment(_requestId) { volume = _volume; } } In this MyContract, we first initialize a new Chainlink request in the requestData function. This function sends an HTTP GET request to an API at http://api.example.com/data. When the Chainlink oracle gets a response, it calls the fulfill function on the contract, which updates the volume variable with the returned data. It's important to note that you'd need to replace the oracle address and jobId with actual values that you'd get from a Chainlink node. Also, you need to have enough LINK tokens to pay for the oracle service. By combining NFTs, Solidity, and Chainlink oracles, we can create more dynamic, interactive, and useful smart contracts that could potentially revolutionize how we use blockchain technology. Remember that smart contract development and testing should be done very carefully to avoid potential security and functionality issues. Read the full article

[igazikutya]

Zajok a nappaliból – Grande Traxelektor 2020 – „MOVE”

A 2020-as összegzés talpalávaló tematikája következik, a táncos bpm szám ellenére meglehetősen eltérő hangzássokkal, ritmikával, gyorsasággal - konkrétan dj izzasztó lenne ezt élőben előadni. Meg hát egy teljes munkanap plusz félóra cigiszünet nélkül. Kiemelendő előadók a kategórián belül Calum Macleod és Liam Robertson dúója a Clouds, akik idén elképesztően aktívak voltak, bár ők annyira undergroundban tolják, hogy az idei kiadványaikból (3 albumnyi Arkiv válogatás pl.) a Discogs és Spotify alig lát valamit, így a szpotis pléjlisztben sajnos ötből egyetlen track található meg. A new yorki Phase Fatale többször járt már Budapesten (2018-ban a ​Lärm-ben hallottam is), idei albumáról a Scanning Backwards-ról három felvétel is kiválasztásra került (a Top12-es albumok közé is bekerült). Jó pár idei kedvencem között megemlíteném a két nagy alkotó remixével felkerült cseh vegyespáros Years Of Denial-t, vagy a különleges hangvételt képviselő spanyol Architectural-t, az örök minőség Black Merlint (két kategóriában is), az XX válogatás-sorozatának másodikjáról két felvétellel jelenlévő spanyol duó Exium-ot, a Bad Manners 4-ról szintén duplázó Vrilt, a két albumról is szelektált Legoweltet, és két újoncot: a japán Kazuho-t és new yorki iráni NGHTCRWLR-t. Nagyon színes évet futott 2020-ban az underground elektronika és ezt kívánom 2021-re is mindannyiunknak! Randomba! Krosszfédbe! Spotify playlist (62/84, 6h19m/8h27m) 1800HaightStreet - Habit Forming [Habit Forming, Not on Label] A Sagittariun - Heart Sūtra [Live From The Sea Of Tranquility, Craigie Knowes] Adam Pits - Real Taste of Gravity [VA - Cosmic Bubbles, Space Lab] Alessandro Adriani - SOUL (Voodoo Mix) [Drama Queer, PAG] Anunaku & DJ Plead - Clap Clap [032, AD 93] Architectural - The Sad Giant [Future was Disco, Architectural] Aux88 - Moonwalker [Counterparts, Direct Beat Classics] Black Merlin - Verticle Shadow [SFORMATOR 2, Pinkman] Blawan - Spooky Fingers [Make a Goose, Ternesc] Carl Finlow - Viroids [Apparatus, 20/20 Vision] Celldöd - En iskall omfamning [Acid Avengers 016, Acid Avengers] Clouds - Gòtha [Arkiv2 «Cold Eye», Track ID] Clouds - Opera 2001 [Opera 2001, Headstrong] Clouds - Ops «Heavens Intercept» [Arkiv3 «Onslaught Ash», Track ID] Clouds - Zeremòn I [Arkiv2 «Cold Eye», Track ID] Clouds - Zeremòn II [Arkiv2 «Cold Eye», Track ID] CT Kidobó - Asymmetrical Ingroup Bias [Exboyfriend, Blorp Music] Dazion - Blood Moon [Blood Moon, Animals Dancing] Desert Sound Colony - Echo Shaper [Pulled Through the Wormhole, Holding Hands] Developer - Gypsy Theme [Sangre Por Oro Part A, Modularz] Donato Dozzy - Tao [The Tao, Samurai] Elements of Joy - PI08.4 [PI08, Pi Electronics] Eric Cloutier - Ekpyrosis [Palinoia LTD 001, Palinoia] E-Saggila - E-5 [Archives 2015-18, Cobalt] Exium – Andromeda [XX Part 2, Nheoma] Exium - Silesian Boy (Exium Remix) [XX Part 2, Nheoma] FaltyDL - Scream Acid VIP for Juan [More Acid & Screaming, Blueberry] Fantastic Twins - Read My Palmer, Laura Style [VA - Bongo Beats and Bankruptcy - The Sound of I'm a Cliché, I'm a Cliché] Forest On Stasys - Shaman Theme (Oscar Mulero Remix) [VA. - The Ugandan Rite, Danza Nativa] Fragedis - Disillusion [VA - Divide & Rule, Pi Electronics] Frak - Starter Pack [Congestion, Go Finger] Function - Binaural [Subject F (Transcendence), Eaux] Guedra Guedra كدرة كدرة - Anlo Kinka [Son Of Sun, On The Corner] Hieroglyphic Being - Tssudew2hwsnt2phdia [The Shittest Sounds U Don't Ever Want 2 Hear With Spiritual Name Titles 2 Prove How Deep I Am Vol. 1, Soul Jazz] Hodge - Lanacut (Shanti Celeste Remix) [Remixes In Blue, Houndstooth] JK Flesh vs Echologist - Fleshology 3 [Echology Vol. 1, Avalanche] KAZUHO - Blitz [Blitz, 99CTS] Kike Pravda - Ground [Ground, Senoid] Krokakai - Far Reaches of Decay [Strange Behavior, Silver Dollar Club] Legowelt - Pancakes With Mist [Pancakes With Mist, Nightwind] Legowelt - TritonProOneS900 [System Shapeshift, Lapsus] Luke Slater - O-Ton Reassembled 3 [Berghain Fünfzehn, Ostgut-Ton] Luz1e - U Said I Couldn39t Do It [Cybernetic Movements, International Chrome] Mike Davis - Beyond the Zero 2 [Beyond the Zero, Brenda] NGHTCRWLR - Let The Children Scream [HiSeq - Let The Children Scream, Amniote Editions] Nightwave - Inner Peace [Inner Peace, Balkan] Patricia - Dripping [Maxyboy, Ghostly International] Pessimist - Ridge Racer Revolution [Atyeo, Ilian Tape] Phase Fatale - Binding by Oath [Scanning Backwards, Ostgut Ton] Phase Fatale - De-patterning [Scanning Backwards, Ostgut Ton] Phase Fatale - Velvet Imprints [Scanning Backwards, Ostgut Ton] Pinch - Accelerated Culture [Reality Tunnels, Tectonic] Porter Brook - Present Tense [Linear Entry To Cyclical Thought, Electroménager] Psychedelic Budz - Faerie Stomp (Adam Pits Undergrowth Mix) [Faerie Stomp, Planet Euphorique] Pye Corner Audio - Resist (John Talabot Remix)[Where Things Are Hollow 2, Lapsus] Red Axes - They Game [Red Axes, Dark Entries] Regis - Untitled 1996 [DN Tapes, Downwards] Richie Hawtin - Time Stands Still [Time Warps, From Our Minds] Rico Casazza - Enada Mello [Purplewave EP, Dionysian Mysteries] Saah - Brainwave [Brainwave / Stygian, Typeless] Sarin - Paradise [VA - Divide & Rule, Pi Electronics] Schwefelgelb - Die Dünne Hand [Die Stimme Drängt, Cititrax] Shinedoe - Nature Save Us [Feelings EP, REKIDS] Silent Servant - Mirror [Drama Queer, PAG] Silicon Scally - Dormant [Dormant, Central Processing Unit] Slam - Memorium [Archive Edits Vol. 4, Soma Quality] Svreca - How To Become Nothing (Desroi Remix) [Peels A Tangerine, Semantica] Teleself - Shepard’s Tone [Jenkem X, Steel City Dance Discs] Terrence Dixon - Framework [From The Far Future Pt. 3, Tresor] Teste - DerBezirk [Graphic Depictions, L.I.E.S.] Timothy J. Fairplay - Skylark II [Skylark II, Mystic & Quantum] Tobias. - 1972 [1972, Ostgut Ton] Tornado Wallace - Mundane Brain [Midnight Mania, Optimo Music] Tramtunnel - Wulfenite [Lost Stones, Neurom] Two Fingers - Fight! Fight! Fight! [Fight! Fight! Fight!, Nomark] Unhuman & Petra Flurr - Heile Welt [Cause Of Chaos, She Lost Kontrol] VC-118A - Crunch [Crunch/Plonk, Chaindata] Vril - Free World Order [Bad Manners 4, Bad Manners] Vril - Scalar [Bad Manners 4, Bad Manners] Wagon Christ - Bleep Me Out [Recepticon, People Of Rhythm] Walker - Untitled B (Desert Sound Colony Remix) [Business Card EP, Holding Hands] Wata Igarashi - Turbulence [Traveling, Omnidisc] Years Of Denial - Human You Scare Me (Silent Servant Remix)[Suicide Disco Remixes, VEYL] Years Of Denial - You Like It When It Hurts (Orphx Remix)[Suicide Disco Remixes, VEYL]

[weekinethereum]

January 11, 2018

News and Links

Constantinople is coming. [Also, this is the January 11, 2019 issue but I can't fix the title without breaking links]

Upgrade your clients ASAP! EF FAQ and blog post. From MyCrypto, what users need to know about the Constantinople fork

Layer 1

[eth1] Rinkeby testnet forked successfully. Update your clients ASAP!

[eth2] What’s New in Eth2

[eth2] Latest Eth2 implementer call notes

[eth2] Validator economics of Eth2. Also a thorough Eth staking ROI spreadsheet model

[eth2] Discussion about storage rent “eviction archive” nodes and incentives

web3foundation, Status and Validity Labs update and call for participants on private, decentralized messaging, a la Whisper

Layer 2

Live on Rinkeby testnet: Plasma Ignis - often called “roll up” - 500 transactions per second using SNARKs for compression (not privacy), no delay to exit, less liveness requirements, multi-operator. Check out the live demo.

Georgios Konstantopoulos: A Deep Dive on RSA Accumulators

Canto: proposed new subprotocol to allow sidechain-like subnets

Fae: a subnet by putting Fae’s binary transactions in the data field

A RaidenNetwork deep dive explainer

Can watchtowers and monitoring services scale?

Counterfactual dev update: full end to end implementation of Counterfactual with demos and dev environment will be live on Ropsten in next 2 weeks

Stuff for developers

Embark v4.0.0-beta.0

Ganache v2.0.0-beta.2

ZeppelinOS v2.1

Updated EthereumJS readthedocs

Solidity CTF: mirror madness from authio

Solstice: 15 analyzer Solidity security tool

EVM code fuzzing using input prediction

Compound’s self-liquidation bug

Gas Stations Network, an incentivized meta transaction relay network, live on Ropsten

Understanding Rust lifetimes

How to quickly deploy to Görli cross-client testnet

Maker CDP leverager in one call

Codefund2.0 - sustainability for open source project advertising without 3rd party trackers

RSA accumulator in Vyper

Analyzing 1.2m mainnet contracts in 20 seconds using Eveem and BigQuery

0x Market Maker program. 15k to run a market making bot on a 0x relayer

POANet: Honey Badger BFT and Threshold Cryptography

Ecosystem

Afri’s Eth node configuration modes cheat sheet. A great accompaniment to Afri’s did Ethereum reach 1 tb yet?  The answer is obviously no, state plus chaindata is about 150 GB.

MyEtherWallet v5 is in beta and MEWConnect on Android

Ethereum Foundation major grant to Parity: $5m for ewasm, light wallet, and Eth2

Enterprise

What enterprises need to know about AWS’s Blockchain as a Service

2019 is the year of enterprise tokens?

Governance and Standards

Notes from latest core devs call, includes ProgPoW section. On that topic, IfDefElse put out a ProgPoW FAQ including responses from AMD and Nvidia. Also check understanding ProgPoW from a few months ago

Martin Köppelmann on the governance protocol of DXdao

Pando Network: DAOs and the future of content

EIP1682: storage rent

EIP1681: temporal replay protection

ERC1683: URLs with asset and onboarding functionality

ERC1690: Mortability standard

ERC820 Pseudo-introspection Registry Contract is final

ERC1155 multi-token standard to last call

Application layer

Demo testing on Kovan testnet of the Digix governance platform

Brave at 5.5m MAUs, up 5x in 2018. It also got much more stable over the year, and being able to use a private tab with TOR on desktop makes it a must (mobile has been a must for a long time). Here’s my referral code if you haven’t switched yet.

I saw some warnings about tokenized US equity DX.exchange that was in the last newsletter. I have no idea if they are legit or if the warnings are in bad faith but the reason that Szabo’s “trusted third parties are security holes” gets repeated frequently is because it is true. If you choose any cryptoasset that depends on custody of a third party, caveat emptor.

Origin now has editable listings and multiple item support

Nevada counties are storing birth and marriage certificates on Ethereum

Scout unveils its customizable token/protocol explorers for apps, live on Aragon and Livepeer

Veil prediction markets platform built on 0x and Augur launches Jan 15 on mainnet. Fantastic to see the app layer stack coming together. Not open to the USA because…federal government.

Gnosis on the problem of front running in dexes

Status releases desktop alpha, v0.9

Interviews, Podcasts, Videos, Talks

Joseph Lubin on Epicenter. Some good early Eth history here.

Curation Markets community call

Ryan Sean Adams on the case for Ether as money on POV Crypto

Nice Decrypt Media profile of Lane Rettig

Q&A with Mariano Conti, head of Maker Oracles

Andrew Keys on the American Banker podcast

Austin Griffith 2018 lessons learned talk at Ethereum Boulder

Starkware’s Eli Ben-Sasson and Alessandro Chiesa on Zero Knowledge

Nick Johnson talks ENS and ProgPoW on Into the Ether

Tokens / Business / Regulation

Paul Kohlhaas: bonding curve design parameters

Ryan Zurrer: Network keepers, v2

Zastrin to sell a tradeable NFT as a license to use its blockchain dev courses.

Sharespost says it did its first compliant security token trade of BCAP (Blockchain Capital). Link opens PDF

Actus Financial Protocol announces standard for tokenizing all financial instruments.

Missing DeFi piece: longer-term interest generating assets

Gemini’s rules for the revolution on working with regulators.

Blockchain Association proposes the Hinman Standard for cryptoassets

Blockchains LLC releases its 300 page Blockchain Through a Legal Lens

China released restrictive blockchain rules including censorship and KYC

Why Ether is Valuable

General

ETC got 51% attacked. Coinbase was first to announce it, though it appears the target was the gate.io exchange. Amusingly, the price hardly suffered. The amazing thing is that a widely known and relatively easily exploited attack vector like this didn’t happen during bull market when this attack could have been an order of magnitude more profitable.

Michael del Castillo tracks the supply chain of an entire dinner using blockchain products like Viant

Julien Thevenard argues Ethereum is on par or safer than Bitcoin in terms of proof of work.

Coindesk video interview of the creator of HODL. He isn’t at all convinced by Bitcoin’s new “store of value” meme. Very entertaining use of 8 minutes.

That very odd Bitcoin nonce pattern. Phil Daian says it is caused by AntMiners

Researchers brute force attack private keys of poorly implemented ECDSA nonce generation.

Dates of Note

Upcoming dates of note (new in bold):

Jan 14 - Mobi Grand Challenge hackathon ends

Jan 10-Feb7 - 0x and Coinlist virtual hackathon

Jan ~16 - Constantinople hard fork at block 7080000

Jan 24 - List of things for Aragon vote, including on funding original AragonOne team

Jan 25 - Graph Day (San Francisco)

Jan 29-30 - AraCon (Berlin)

Jan 31 - GörliCon (Berlin)

Feb 7-8 - Melonport’s M1 conf (Zug)

Feb 15-17 - ETHDenver hackathon (ETHGlobal)

Mar 4 - Ethereum Magicians (Paris)

Mar 5-7 - EthCC (Paris)

Mar 8-10 - ETHParis (ETHGlobal)

Mar 27 - Infura end of legacy key support (Jan 23 begins Project ID prioritization)

April 8-14 - Edcon hackathon and conference (Sydney)

Apr 19-21 - ETHCapetown (ETHGlobal)

May 10-11 - Ethereal (NYC)

If you appreciate this newsletter, thank ConsenSys

This newsletter is made possible by ConsenSys.

I own Week In Ethereum. Editorial control has always been 100% me.

If you're unhappy with editorial decisions or anything that I have written in this issue, feel free to tweet at me.

Housekeeping

Archive on the web if you’re linking to it: http://www.weekinethereum.com/post/181942366088/january-11-2018

Cent link for the night view: https://beta.cent.co/+81o82u

https link: Substack

Follow me on Twitter, because most of what is linked gets tweeted first: @evan_van_ness

If you’re wondering “why didn’t my post make it into Week in Ethereum?”

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[86xsite]

TOMO ‘s Community Manager; Alex Le: 📌TomoChain client v1.3 release announcement We are excited to announce the reworked slashing mechanism, the 2nd hard-fork as well as new updates about TomoX, solution for chaindata size & next release (v.1.4)

Read the full article: http://bit.ly/TomoChainv1_3

[coding-rights-blog]

以太坊私链搭建(windows)

为什么搭建私有链

方便获取以太币用于开发和测试

不用同步公有链庞大的数据

配置环境

方式一. 直接下载可执行文件

官方下载地址(需翻墙)

国内镜像

注意：geth是一个命令行工具，需要在命令行中运行geth，不要直接双击geth.exe。(如果不加任何参数直接运行 geth ，会自动连接到以太坊公网，此时会开始同步区块。)

方式二. 从源码编译安装 go-ethereum源码编译

安装完成后，可以使用 geth version 命令查看是否安装成功。记得把生成的 geth 加入到系统的环境变量中。

私有链搭建

1.需要自定义第一个区块(一个JSON文件)

例如 genesis.json

{ "config": { "chainId": 1234, "homesteadBlock": 0, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0 }, "coinbase" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "difficulty" : "0x40000", "extraData" : "", "gasLimit" : "0xffffffff", "nonce" : "0x0000000000000042", "mixhash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000", "timestamp" : "0x00", "alloc": { } }

各个参数的作用： config：区块链的相关参数

chainId：区块链的ID，在 geth 命令中的 —networkid 参数需要与 chainId 的值一致(以太坊公网的网络 ID 是 1)

homesteadBlock : Homestead 硬分叉区块高度，不需要关注

eip155Block : EIP 155 硬分叉高度，不需要关注

eip158Block : EIP 158 硬分叉高度，不需要关注

mixhash : 与nonce配合用于挖矿，由上一个区块的一部分生成的hash

nonce : nonce就是一个64位随机数，用于挖矿

difficulty : 设置当前区块的难度，如果难度过大，cpu挖矿就很难，这里设置较小难度

alloc : 用来预置账号以及账号的以太币数量，因为私有链挖矿比较容易，所以我们不需要预置有币的账号，需要的时候自己创建即可以

coinbase : 矿工的账号，随便填

timestamp : 设置创世块的时间戳

parentHash : 上一个区块的hash值，因为是创世块，所以这个值是0

extraData : 附加* 信息，随便填，可以填你的个性信息

gasLimit : 值设置对GAS的消耗总量限制，用来限制区块能包含的交易信息总和

2.初始化创世区块

[x] 新建一个目录 private-net -> data用来存放区块链数据 , 将genesis.json放入private-net目录下

private-net ├── data └── genesis.json

[x] 进入private-net目录下 , 使用geth的init命令

geth --datadir data init genesis.json

init genesis.json 表示读取 genesis.json 文件，根据其中的内容，将创世区块写入到区块链中。

—datadir data 表示指定数据存放目录为 data

如果看到以下的输出内容，说明初始化成功了

INFO [04-30|19:22:17] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25 INFO [04-30|19:22:17] Allocated cache and file handles database=G:\\private-net\\data\\geth\\chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [04-30|19:22:18] Writing custom genesis block INFO [04-30|19:22:18] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=0s gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [04-30|19:22:18] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=a0e580…a5e82e INFO [04-30|19:22:18] Allocated cache and file handles database=G:\\private-net\\data\\geth\\lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [04-30|19:22:18] Writing custom genesis block INFO [04-30|19:22:18] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=0s gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [04-30|19:22:18] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=a0e580…a5e82e

成功后的目录结构

private-net ├── data │ ├── geth │ │ ├── chaindata │ │ │ ├── 000001.log │ │ │ ├── CURRENT │ │ │ ├── LOCK │ │ │ ├── LOG │ │ │ └── MANIFEST-000000 │ │ └── lightchaindata │ │ ├── 000001.log │ │ ├── CURRENT │ │ ├── LOCK │ │ ├── LOG │ │ └── MANIFEST-000000 │ └── keystore └── genesis.json

其中 geth/chaindata 存放区块数据 , keystore存放用户数据 , 至此私有链已经搭建完成

启动私有链

使用 geth console，表示启动节点并进入交互式控制台

geth --identity "myprivatenode" --rpc --rpccorsdomain "*" --rpcport "19901" --rpcapi "db,eth,net,web3,personal" --networkid 1234 --gcmode=archive --datadir "G:\private-net\data" --nodiscover console

各个参数的作用：

identity : 区块链的标示，随便填写，用于标示目前网络的名字

rpc : 启动rpc通信，可以进行智能合约的部署和调试

rpccorsdomain : 允许连接到rpc的url匹配模式 *代表任意

rpcport : 指定rpc通信监听端口号（默认为 8545）

rpcapi : 表示允许rpc使用哪些API

networkid : 设置当前区块链的网络ID，用于区分不同的网络 , 最好和chainId一致，否则无法使用MetaMask

gcmode=archive : 不加此选项 , 关闭节点后，区块不会保存

datadir : 指定区块链数据的存储位置

nodiscover : 关闭节点发现机制，防止加入有同样初始配置的陌生节点

运行完上述命令就进入了交互式的 JavaScript 节点控制台

INFO [04-30|19:38:30] Starting P2P networking INFO [04-30|19:38:33] UDP listener up self=enode://7431aa2f875332ed49fe53c7e2b693309e95b7284ad3caf15791e48dfdeca93dda998a859ef9d368a7489b6c06f9edb5054536fe98d1c1afa1bd2a51d0d40be2@[::]:30303 INFO [04-30|19:38:33] RLPx listener up self=enode://7431aa2f875332ed49fe53c7e2b693309e95b7284ad3caf15791e48dfdeca93dda998a859ef9d368a7489b6c06f9edb5054536fe98d1c1afa1bd2a51d0d40be2@[::]:30303 INFO [04-30|19:38:33] IPC endpoint opened url=\\\\.\\pipe\\geth.ipc INFO [04-30|19:38:33] HTTP endpoint opened url=http://127.0.0.1:19901 cors=* vhosts=localhost Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! instance: Geth/myprivatenode/v1.8.2-stable-b8b9f7f4/windows-amd64/go1.9.2 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0 >

此时以太坊私有网络搭建成功 可以新打开一个命令行 , 输入 geth attach ipc:\\.\pipe\geth.ipc 连接到私有网络来操作 , 方便观察日志

控制台操作

使用内置的JavaScript对象来操作以太坊 , 常用对象:

eth：包含一些跟操作区块链相关的方法；

net：包含一些查看p2p网络状态的方法；

admin：包含一些与管理节点相关的方法；

miner：包含启动&停止挖矿的一些方法；

personal：主要包含一些管理账户的方法；

txpool：包含一些查看交易��存池的方法；

web3：包含了以上对象，还包含一些单位换算的方法。

常用指令:

eth.accounts : 查询账户

eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[])：查看账户余额，返回值的单位是 Wei（Wei是以太坊中最小货币面额单位，类似比特币中的聪，1 ether = 10^18 Wei）；

eth.blockNumber：列出区块总数；

eth.coinbase : 查看挖矿账户

net.listening ：检查是否连接

net.peerCount : 查看节点链接的数量

admin.peers ：返回连接到的节点的详细信息

admin.nodeInfo ：返回本地节点的详细信息

miner.start() : 开始挖矿

miner.stop() : 结束挖矿

miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[]) : 设置挖矿账户

personal.newAccount("password") : 创建账户

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[]) : 解锁账户

txpool.status ：交易池中的状态；

发送交易:

eth.sendTransaction({from:””,to:””,value:web3.toWei(1,”ether”)})。需要先使用 personal.unlockAccount() 解锁账户 , 并使用 miner.start() 开启挖矿才能把交易发送出去

​

[johanlouwers]

Blockchain, Part II: Configuring a Blockchain Network and Leveraging the Technology

Blockchain, Part II: Configuring a Blockchain Network and Leveraging the Technology

Image

Petros Koutoupis Tue, 04/24/2018 - 11:30

Blockchain

HOW-TOs

Cryptocurrency

Cryptominig

How to set up a private ethereum blockchain using open-source tools and a look at some markets and industries where blockchain technologies can add value.

In Part I, I spent quite a bit of time exploring cryptocurrency and the mechanism that makes it possible: the blockchain. I covered details on how the blockchain works and why it is so secure and powerful. In this second part, I describe how to set up and configure your very own private ethereum blockchain using open-source tools. I also look at where this technology can bring some value or help redefine how people transact across a more open web.

Setting Up Your Very Own Private Blockchain Network

In this section, I explore the mechanics of an ethereum-based blockchain network—specifically, how to create a private ethereum blockchain, a private network to host and share this blockchain, an account, and then how to do some interesting things with the blockchain.

What is ethereum, again? Ethereum is an open-source and public blockchain platform featuring smart contract (that is, scripting) functionality. It is similar to bitcoin but differs in that it extends beyond monetary transactions.

Smart contracts are written in programming languages, such as Solidity (similar to C and JavaScript), Serpent (similar to Python), LLL (a Lisp-like language) and Mutan (Go-based). Smart contracts are compiled into EVM (see below) bytecode and deployed across the ethereum blockchain for execution. Smart contracts help in the exchange of money, property, shares or anything of value, and it does so in a transparent and conflict-free way avoiding the traditional middleman.

If you recall from Part I, a typical layout for any blockchain is one where all nodes are connected to every other node, creating a mesh. In the world of ethereum, these nodes are referred to as Ethereum Virtual Machines (EVMs), and each EVM will host a copy of the entire blockchain. Each EVM also will compete to mine the next block or validate a transaction. Once the new block is appended to the blockchain, the updates are propagated to the entire network, so that each node is synchronized.

In order to become an EVM node on an ethereum network, you'll need to download and install the proper software. To accomplish this, you'll be using Geth (Go Ethereum). Geth is the official Go implementation of the ethereum protocol. It is one of three such implementations; the other two are written in C++ and Python. These open-source software packages are licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 3. The standalone Geth client packages for all supported operating systems and architectures, including Linux, are available here. The source code for the package is hosted on GitHub.

Geth is a command-line interface (CLI) tool that's used to communicate with the ethereum network. It's designed to act as a link between your computer and all other nodes across the ethereum network. When a block is being mined by another node on the network, your Geth installation will be notified of the update and then pass the information along to update your local copy of the blockchain. With the Geth utility, you'll be able to mine ether (similar to bitcoin but the cryptocurrency of the ethereum network), transfer funds between two addresses, create smart contracts and more.

Download and Installation

In my examples here, I'm configuring this ethereum blockchain on the latest LTS release of Ubuntu. Note that the tools themselves are not restricted to this distribution or release.

Downloading and Installing the Binary from the Project Website

Download the latest stable release, extract it and copy it to a proper directory:

$ wget https://gethstore.blob.core.windows.net/builds/ ↪geth-linux-amd64-1.7.3-4bb3c89d.tar.gz $ tar xzf geth-linux-amd64-1.7.3-4bb3c89d.tar.gz $ cd geth-linux-amd64-1.7.3-4bb3c89d/ $ sudo cp geth /usr/bin/

Building from Source Code

If you are building from source code, you need to install both Go and C compilers:

$ sudo apt-get install -y build-essential golang

Change into the directory and do:

$ make geth

Installing from a Public Repository

If you are running on Ubuntu and decide to install the package from a public repository, run the following commands:

$ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common $ sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ethereum/ethereum $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install ethereum

Getting Started

Here is the thing, you don't have any ether to start with. With that in mind, let's limit this deployment to a "private" blockchain network that will sort of run as a development or staging version of the main ethereum network. From a functionality standpoint, this private network will be identical to the main blockchain, with the exception that all transactions and smart contracts deployed on this network will be accessible only to the nodes connected in this private network. Geth will aid in this private or "testnet" setup. Using the tool, you'll be able to do everything the ethereum platform advertises, without needing real ether.

Remember, the blockchain is nothing more than a digital and public ledger preserving transactions in their chronological order. When new transactions are verified and configured into a block, the block is then appended to the chain, which is then distributed across the network. Every node on that network will update its local copy of the chain to the latest copy. But you need to start from some point—a beginning or a genesis. Every blockchain starts with a genesis block, that is, a block "zero" or the very first block of the chain. It will be the only block without a predecessor. To create your private blockchain, you need to create this genesis block. To do this, you need to create a custom genesis file and then tell Geth to use that file to create your own genesis block.

Create a directory path to host all of your ethereum-related data and configurations and change into the config subdirectory:

$ mkdir ~/eth-evm $ cd ~/eth-evm $ mkdir config data $ cd config

Open your preferred text editor and save the following contents to a file named Genesis.json in that same directory:

{ "config": { "chainId": 999, "homesteadBlock": 0, "eip155Block": 0, "eip158Block": 0 }, "difficulty": "0x400", "gasLimit": "0x8000000", "alloc": {} }

This is what your genesis file will look like. This simple JSON-formatted string describes the following:

config — this block defines the settings for your custom chain.

chainId — this identifies your Blockchain, and because the main ethereum network has its own, you need to configure your own unique value for your private chain.

homesteadBlock — defines the version and protocol of the ethereum platform.

eip155Block / eip158Block — these fields add support for non-backward-compatible protocol changes to the Homestead version used. For the purposes of this example, you won't be leveraging these, so they are set to "0".

difficulty — this value controls block generation time of the blockchain. The higher the value, the more calculations a miner must perform to discover a valid block. Because this example is simply deploying a test network, let's keep this value low to reduce wait times.

gasLimit — gas is ethereum's fuel spent during transactions. As you do not want to be limited in your tests, keep this value high.

alloc — this section prefunds accounts, but because you'll be mining your ether locally, you don't need this option.

Now it's time to instantiate the data directory. Open a terminal window, and assuming you have the Geth binary installed and that it's accessible via your working path, type the following:

$ geth --datadir /home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain ↪init /home/petros/eth-evm/config/Genesis.json WARN [02-10|15:11:41] No etherbase set and no accounts found ↪as default INFO [02-10|15:11:41] Allocated cache and file handles ↪database=/home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain/ ↪geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [02-10|15:11:41] Writing custom genesis block INFO [02-10|15:11:41] Successfully wrote genesis state ↪database=chaindata hash=d1a12d...4c8725 INFO [02-10|15:11:41] Allocated cache and file handles ↪database=/home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain/ ↪geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [02-10|15:11:41] Writing custom genesis block INFO [02-10|15:11:41] Successfully wrote genesis state ↪database=lightchaindata

The command will need to reference a working data directory to store your private chain data. Here, I have specified eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain subdirectories in my home directory. You'll also need to tell the utility to initialize using your genesis file.

This command populates your data directory with a tree of subdirectories and files:

$ ls -R /home/petros/eth-evm/ .: config data ./config: Genesis.json ./data: PrivateBlockchain ./data/PrivateBlockchain: geth keystore ./data/PrivateBlockchain/geth: chaindata lightchaindata LOCK nodekey nodes transactions.rlp ./data/PrivateBlockchain/geth/chaindata: 000002.ldb 000003.log CURRENT LOCK LOG MANIFEST-000004 ./data/PrivateBlockchain/geth/lightchaindata: 000001.log CURRENT LOCK LOG MANIFEST-000000 ./data/PrivateBlockchain/geth/nodes: 000001.log CURRENT LOCK LOG MANIFEST-000000 ./data/PrivateBlockchain/keystore:

Your private blockchain is now created. The next step involves starting the private network that will allow you to mine new blocks and have them added to your blockchain. To do this, type:

petros@ubuntu-evm1:~/eth-evm$ geth --datadir ↪/home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain --networkid 9999 WARN [02-10|15:11:59] No etherbase set and no accounts found ↪as default INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Starting peer-to-peer node ↪instance=Geth/v1.7.3-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.2 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Allocated cache and file handles ↪database=/home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain/ ↪geth/chaindata cache=128 handles=1024 WARN [02-10|15:11:59] Upgrading database to use lookup entries INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Initialised chain configuration ↪config="{ChainID: 999 Homestead: 0 DAO: DAOSupport: ↪false EIP150: EIP155: 0 EIP158: 0 Byzantium: ↪Engine: unknown}" INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Disk storage enabled for ethash caches ↪dir=/home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain/ ↪geth/ethash count=3 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Disk storage enabled for ethash DAGs ↪dir=/home/petros/.ethash count=2 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Initialising Ethereum protocol ↪versions="[63 62]" network=9999 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Database deduplication successful ↪deduped=0 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Loaded most recent local header ↪number=0 hash=d1a12d...4c8725 td=1024 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Loaded most recent local full block ↪number=0 hash=d1a12d...4c8725 td=1024 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Loaded most recent local fast block ↪number=0 hash=d1a12d...4c8725 td=1024 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Regenerated local transaction journal ↪transactions=0 accounts=0 INFO [02-10|15:11:59] Starting P2P networking INFO [02-10|15:12:01] UDP listener up ↪self=enode://f51957cd4441f19d187f9601541d66dcbaf560 ↪770d3da1db4e71ce5ba3ebc66e60ffe73c2ff01ae683be0527b77c0f96 ↪a178e53b925968b7aea824796e36ad27@[::]:30303 INFO [02-10|15:12:01] IPC endpoint opened: /home/petros/eth-evm/ ↪data/PrivateBlockchain/geth.ipc INFO [02-10|15:12:01] RLPx listener up ↪self=enode://f51957cd4441f19d187f9601541d66dcbaf560 ↪770d3da1db4e71ce5ba3ebc66e60ffe73c2ff01ae683be0527b77c0f96 ↪a178e53b925968b7aea824796e36ad27@[::]:30303

Notice the use of the new parameter, networkid. This networkid helps ensure the privacy of your network. Any number can be used here. I have decided to use 9999. Note that other peers joining your network will need to use the same ID.

Your private network is now live! Remember, every time you need to access your private blockchain, you will need to use these last two commands with the exact same parameters (the Geth tool will not remember it for you):

$ geth --datadir /home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain ↪init /home/petros/eth-evm/config/Genesis.json $ geth --datadir /home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain ↪--networkid 9999

Configuring a User Account

So, now that your private blockchain network is up and running, you can start interacting with it. But in order to do so, you need to attach to the running Geth process. Open a second terminal window. The following command will attach to the instance running in the first terminal window and bring you to a JavaScript console:

$ geth attach /home/petros/eth-evm/data/PrivateBlockchain/geth.ipc Welcome to the Geth JavaScript console! instance: Geth/v1.7.3-stable-4bb3c89d/linux-amd64/go1.9.2 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 ↪personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0 >

Time to create a new account that will manipulate the Blockchain network:

> personal.newAccount() Passphrase: Repeat passphrase: "0x92619f0bf91c9a786b8e7570cc538995b163652d"

Remember this string. You'll need it shortly. If you forget this hexadecimal string, you can reprint it to the console by typing:

> eth.coinbase "0x92619f0bf91c9a786b8e7570cc538995b163652d"

Check your ether balance by typing the following script:

> eth.getBalance("0x92619f0bf91c9a786b8e7570cc538995b163652d") 0

Here's another way to check your balance without needing to type the entire hexadecimal string:

> eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase) 0

Mining

Doing real mining in the main ethereum blockchain requires some very specialized hardware, such as dedicated Graphics Processing Units (GPU), like the ones found on the high-end graphics cards mentioned in Part I. However, since you're mining for blocks on a private chain with a low difficulty level, you can do without that requirement. To begin mining, run the following script on the JavaScript console:

> miner.start() null

Updates in the First Terminal Window

You'll observe mining activity in the output logs displayed in the first terminal window:

INFO [02-10|15:14:47] Updated mining threads ↪threads=0 INFO [02-10|15:14:47] Transaction pool price threshold ↪updated price=18000000000 INFO [02-10|15:14:47] Starting mining operation INFO [02-10|15:14:47] Commit new mining work ↪number=1 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=186.855us INFO [02-10|15:14:57] Generating DAG in progress ↪epoch=1 percentage=0 elapsed=7.083s INFO [02-10|15:14:59] Successfully sealed new block ↪number=1 hash=c81539...dc9691 INFO [02-10|15:14:59] mined potential block ↪number=1 hash=c81539...dc9691 INFO [02-10|15:14:59] Commit new mining work ↪number=2 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=211.208us INFO [02-10|15:15:04] Generating DAG in progress ↪epoch=1 percentage=1 elapsed=13.690s INFO [02-10|15:15:06] Successfully sealed new block ↪number=2 hash=d26dda...e3b26c INFO [02-10|15:15:06] mined potential block ↪number=2 hash=d26dda...e3b26c INFO [02-10|15:15:06] Commit new mining work ↪number=3 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=510.357us [ ... ] INFO [02-10|15:15:52] Generating DAG in progress ↪epoch=1 percentage=8 elapsed=1m2.166s INFO [02-10|15:15:55] Successfully sealed new block ↪number=15 hash=d7979f...e89610 INFO [02-10|15:15:55] block reached canonical chain ↪number=10 hash=aedd46...913b66 INFO [02-10|15:15:55] mined potential block ↪number=15 hash=d7979f...e89610 INFO [02-10|15:15:55] Commit new mining work ↪number=16 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=105.111us INFO [02-10|15:15:57] Successfully sealed new block ↪number=16 hash=61cf68...b16bf2 INFO [02-10|15:15:57] block reached canonical chain ↪number=11 hash=6b89ff...de8f88 INFO [02-10|15:15:57] mined potential block ↪number=16 hash=61cf68...b16bf2 INFO [02-10|15:15:57] Commit new mining work ↪number=17 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=147.31us

Back to the Second Terminal Window

Wait 10–20 seconds, and on the JavaScript console, start checking your balance:

> eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase) 10000000000000000000

Wait some more, and list it again:

> eth.getBalance(eth.coinbase) 75000000000000000000

Remember, this is fake ether, so don't open that bottle of champagne, yet. You are unable to use this ether in the main ethereum network.

To stop the miner, invoke the following script:

> miner.stop() true

Well, you did it. You created your own private blockchain and mined some ether.

Who Will Benefit from This Technology Today and in the Future?

Although the blockchain originally was developed around cryptocurrency (more specifically, bitcoin), its uses don't end there. Today, it may seem like that's the case, but there are untapped industries and markets where blockchain technologies can redefine how transactions are processed. The following are some examples that come to mind.

Improving Smart Contracts

Ethereum, the same open-source blockchain project deployed earlier, already is doing the whole smart-contract thing, but the idea is still in its infancy, and as it matures, it will evolve to meet consumer demands. There's plenty of room for growth in this area. It probably and eventually will creep into governance of companies (such as verifying digital assets, equity and so on), trading stocks, handling intellectual property and managing property ownership, such as land title registration.

Enabling Market Places and Shared Economies

Think of eBay but refocused to be peer-to-peer. This would mean no more transaction fees, but it also will emphasize the importance of your personal reputation, since there will be no single body governing the market in which goods or services are being traded or exchanged.

Crowdfunding

Following in the same direction as my previous remarks about a decentralized marketplace, there also are opportunities for individuals or companies to raise the capital necessary to help "kickstart" their initiatives. Think of a more open and global Kickstarter or GoFundMe.

Multimedia Sharing or Hosting

A peer-to-peer network for aspiring or established musicians definitely could go a long way here—one where the content will reach its intended audiences directly and also avoid those hefty royalty costs paid out to the studios, record labels and content distributors. The same applies to video and image content.

File Storage and Data Management

By enabling a global peer-to-peer network, blockchain technology takes cloud computing to a whole new level. As the technology continues to push itself into existing cloud service markets, it will challenge traditional vendors, including Amazon AWS and even Dropbox and others—and it will do so at a fraction of the price. For example, cold storage data offerings are a multi-hundred billion dollar market today. By distributing your encrypted archives across a global and decentralized network, the need to maintain local data-center equipment by a single entity is reduced significantly.

Social media and how your posted content is managed would change under this model as well. Under the blockchain, Facebook or Twitter or anyone else cannot lay claim to what you choose to share.

Another added benefit to leveraging blockchain here is making use of the cryptography securing your valuable data from getting hacked or lost.

Internet of Things

What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? It is a broad term describing the networked management of very specific electronic devices, which include heating and cooling thermostats, lights, garage doors and more. Using a combination of software, sensors and networking facilities, people can easily enable an environment where they can automate and monitor home and/or business equipment.

Supply Chain Audits

With a distributed public ledger made available to consumers, retailers can't falsify claims made against their products. Consumers will have the ability to verify their sources, be it food, jewelry or anything else.

Identity Management

There isn't much to explain here. The threat is very real. Identity theft never takes a day off. The dated user name/password systems of today have run their course, and it's about time that existing authentication frameworks leverage the cryptographic capabilities offered by the blockchain.

Summary

This revolutionary technology has enabled organizations in ways that weren't possible a decade ago. Its possibilities are enormous, and it seems that any industry dealing with some sort of transaction-based model will be disrupted by the technology. It's only a matter of time until it happens.

Now, what will the future for blockchain look like? At this stage, it's difficult to say. One thing is for certain though; large companies, such as IBM, are investing big into the technology and building their own blockchain infrastructure that can be sold to and used by corporate enterprises and financial institutions. This may create some issues, however. As these large companies build their blockchain infrastructures, they will file for patents to protect their technologies. And with those patents in their arsenal, there exists the possibility that they may move aggressively against the competition in an attempt to discredit them and their value.

Anyway, if you will excuse me, I need to go make some crypto-coin.

https://ift.tt/2qXdL6a via @johanlouwers . follow me also on twitter

[basechop]

Ryabinin's Investment Attractiveness Model: A Deep Dive into Crypto Analysis

The essence of Alexander Ryabinin's cryptocurrency investment attractiveness model lies in the analysis of on-chain and other data. Ryabinin, a financial analyst, has introduced a method for comparing assets that allows identifying the best investment opportunities. More details about the model can be found in our article. How Ryabinin's Model Performed in Bearish Market Conditions: Against the backdrop of releasing an article explaining the principles of selecting cryptocurrencies for investments, the author formed two portfolios: - The first, known as the "popular" portfolio, included assets that private investors most commonly purchase. - The second, the "model" portfolio, consisted of the best assets determined by on-chain data. "The portfolios were not balanced and actively managed. As they were formed, they remain to this day. We will compare two portfolios and Bitcoin (as a market index). The main goal of the model portfolio is not speculation but long-term investment that outperforms the market," explained Alexander Ryabinin about the working principle. Let's examine the results over almost two years. During this time, the market experienced a cryptocurrency winter, emerged from it, approached the halving event, and anticipated the launch of spot Bitcoin ETFs in the United States. Each portfolio started with $300. Here are the results yielded by Ryabinin's method: - The "popular" portfolio gained 25%, reaching a peak of 80%. - "The results are decent. However, the portfolio was below its value (in a drawdown) for over half a year in various periods. The maximum drawdown was 28%, preventing private investors from quickly exiting assets without incurring losses," commented the method's author on the outcome. Read the full article

[igazikutya]

Zajok a nappaliból – 2020 Top12 EP/Single és LP megjelenései

Ez most az éves összegzések ideje, kezdetnek jöjjenek a toplisták! Furcsa év volt 2020, és kíváncsian figyeltem, lesz-e bármilyen hatása a karanténnak, össznépi izolációnak a zenei termékenységre. Utólag azt kell mondjam, szinte semmilyen hatás nem érződött, gyorsan tegyük hozzá, az elektronikus zene undergroundja nem függ annyira a koncertvilág összeomlásától és gyaníthatóan nem a zene az egyetlen jövedelmük. Ami viszont észrevehető volt, hogy a tematikákban hamar megjelentek a covid következményei, lelki illetve társadalmi hatásai foglalkoztatták a művészeket. Nagyon sok az új név, folyamatosan jelennek meg friss nevek. Főleg a havi Traxelektorok hemzsegtek az eddig ismeretlen pszeudóktól. Ha a két Top 12-t nézzük, az EP/Single rovatban a HIA képviseli a klasszik elektronika vonalat, a nagylemezeknél már befért a Fluxion, Legowelt a The Future Sound of London, Chris Korda és a Monolake is. A tavalyi toplistásokból egyedül hárman, a Clouds, Jay Glass Dubs és az UVB-76 ismételtek. A tavalyi listák Kiss Imre személyében van hazai toplistásunk is, Mer de Désir EP-je csak azoknak meglepetés, akik nem ismerik a fiatalember korábbi munkásságát. Mindkét kategóriába bekerült a chilei zseni Nicolas Jaar brutálsúlyos popfricska projektje, az Against All Logic.

EP/Single TOP 12

Exhausted Modern - Datura [Artificial Horizon][EP] Marco Shuttle - Ritmo Elegante [Spazio Disponibile][EP] 1800HaightStreet - Habit Forming [not on label][EP] Jasss - Whities 027 [Whities][S] Against All Logic - Illusions of Shameless Abundance [Other People][EP] Nummer Music - Night Confidence [Nummer Music][EP] Tornado Wallace - Midnight Mania [Optimo Music][EP] Imre Kiss - Mer de Désir [Crisis][EP] VC-118A - Crunch / Plonk [Chaindata][S] Higher Intelligence Agency - Discatron [Self-Released][EP] Metal - Point Vacancies [ESP Institute]EP] UVB76 - Iwa Gaaden [Random Numbers][EP] és akik lemaradtak: Djedjotronic - Boish [Boysnoize][EP] Donato Dozzy & Eric Cloutier - Palinoia LTD 001 [Palinoia][S] Commodo - Loan Shark [Black Acre][EP] Function - Subject F (Transcendence)[Eaux][EP] Black Merlin - Genesis Preacher [B.M][EP] E-Saggila - Anima Bulldozer [Northern Electronics][EP]

LP TOP 12

Phase Fatale - Scanning Backwards [Ostgut Ton] ASC - Colours Fade. Volume Five [Auxiliary Transmissions] Fluxion - Perspectives [Vibrant Music] Jay Glass Dubs - Rijia [not on label] Die Wilde Jagd - Haut [Bureau B] Clouds - Arkiv2 «Cold Eye» [Track ID] Vril - Bad Manners 4 [Bad Manners] Legowelt - Pancakes With Mist [Nightwind] Against All Logic - 2017-2019 [Other People] The Future Sound Of London - Cascade 2020 [fsoldigital.com] Chris Korda - Apologize to the Future [Perlon] Monolake - Archaeopteryx [Monolake - Imbalance Computer Music] és itt is akik lemaradtak: African Head Charge - Churchical Chant Of The Iyabinghi [On-U-Sound] Jimi Tenor - Metamorpha [BubbleTease Communications] NGHTCRWLR - HiSeq_Let The Children Scream [Amniote Editions] Nathan Fake - Blizzards [Cambria Instruments] Exium - XX Part 2 [Nheoma][Comp] KAZUHO - BLITZ [99CTS][MC] Regis - DN Tapes [2020, Downwards][Comp] Rødhåd - Mood [WSNWG] CPI - Alianza [Hivern Discs] tigrics - Dimensionless [Self-released]