#PL/SQL looping statements

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Progress

Just re-applied to start taking classes again. Going to try and finish what I started all those years ago.

I finished learning about PL/SQL case statements and searched case statements. Now I'll be moving on to loops

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Question-26: What is the purpose of the FOR LOOP statement in PL/SQL?

Question-26: What is the purpose of the FOR LOOP statement in PL/SQL? For more questions do follow the Main page Please share the content and let’s help others to skill-up #oracledatabase #interviewquestions #freshers #beginners #intermediatelevel #experienced #eswarstechworld #oracle #interview #development #sql

Answer: The FOR LOOP statement in PL/SQL is used for iterative processing, allowing us to execute a block of code repeatedly for a specific number of times or over a specific range.  It provides a convenient way to perform repetitive tasks and iterate through collections or query results. Definition: The FOR LOOP statement is a control structure in PL/SQL that iterates over a specified range…

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Looping statement

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What are SQL and PL/SQL, their uses, benefits, and drawbacks?

An Introduction to PL/SQL

Procedural Language Extensions to the Structured Query Language are known as PL/SQL. In relational database management systems, SQL is a popular language for data querying and updating (RDBMS).

 PL/SQL enhances the SQL language with numerous procedural constructs to address some of SQL's drawbacks. A more comprehensive programming language option is also provided by PL/SQL for creating mission-critical applications on Oracle databases.

A well-organised and legible programming language is PL/SQL. Its constructions unambiguously convey the code's intention. PL/SQL is also an easy language to learn.

A standardised and portable language for creating Oracle databases is PL/SQL. You can easily port a software that is written to run on an Oracle database to another Oracle database that is compatible.

What is SQL?

Relational databases can be created, maintained, and retrieved using the robust non-procedural database language known as Structured Query Language (SQL) (a type of database that provides and stores data that is related to each other). It was developed by IBM in the 1970s and enables users to communicate with different database management systems according to their accessibility.

SQL commands are classified into six types. These are their names:

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Data Control Language (DCL)

Transaction Control Language (TCL)

Data Query Language (DDQL)

Advantages sql 

There are several benefits to structured query language, some of which are described below:

Without having to create a substantial amount of code, managing database systems is fairly easy using ordinary SQL.

SQL databases based on well-established databases. NoSQL databases don't adhere to any rules.

Programs that run on computers, servers, laptops, and even some mobile phones can use SQL.

Using this domain language, you can instantly get complex question answers from databases.

Using the SQL language, users can design various views of database architecture and databases for various users.

Disadvantages of sql

SQL requires training on a large database.

An expert user or programmer can handle SQL.

It takes up some space, requiring an extra memory location for each record.

It is a platform-specific language.

It is a command-based programming language.

What is pl/sql ? 

Oracle The PL/SQL extension for SQL combines the processing power of a procedural language with the data manipulation capabilities of SQL to produce extremely strong SQL queries. By enhancing the security, portability, and robustness of the database, PL/SQL makes sure that SQL commands are processed efficiently.

Using PL/SQL, you may instruct the compiler on both "what to do" and "how to do it" using SQL and its procedural approach.

By using loops, conditions, and object-oriented ideas, it allows programmers more control than other database languages. PL/SQL stands for "Procedural Language Extensions to SQL," in its full form.

What is PL/SQL Developer?

Programmers can combine procedural statements and the power of SQL with PL/SQL, a procedural language (code written in the form of a set of instructions). PL/SQL stands for Procedural Language Extensions to SQL. Triggers, functions, and procedures that increase an operation's functionality while lowering traffic are all executed simultaneously in PL/SQL.

It was developed in the 1990s by Oracle Corporation to build server pages and web applications, and it has features like abstraction and error handling.

Basic PL/SQL Commands

PL/SQL is a procedural (code written in the form of a series of instructions) language that allows programmers to combine the power of SQL with procedural statements. Procedural Language extensions to SQL are abbreviated as PL/SQL. 

In PL/SQL, all statements are executed at once, including triggers, functions, and procedures that improve the functionality of an operation while reducing traffic.

Oracle Corporation created it in the 1990s to build server pages and web applications, and it includes features such as abstraction and error handling.

Data Insertion: Using the 'insert' command in this PL/SQL command, data can be inserted into any table. This command will require the table name, column name, and column values. This statement can insert values into any base table. Table names and values are required. Also, the keyword "values" should be used.

Data Update: Using the 'update' statement, data in a table can be easily updated. It can change the value of any column in a table. It requires the table name, column name, and value as input and updates the data.

Selecting data: To retrieve specific data, it must be retrieved from a specific database table. This is made possible by Pl/SQL by the ‘select’ statement.

Exception handling: Use this PL/SQL command to detect error conditions. It intelligently handles errors and allows the user to send appropriate user-defined messages.

The Key Differences Between SQL and PL/SQL

Structural Query Language, or SQL, was created to work with relational databases. It is a declarative language that emphasises specifics. The Procedural Language/Structured Query Language (PL/SQL), on the other hand, makes use of SQL as its database. It is a programming language that is application-oriented.

While PL/SQL has variables, constraints, data types, and other features, SQL does not.

In PL/SQL, code blocks including functions, triggers, variables, control structures (for loop, while), and conditional statements (if...then...else) are written instead of the DDL and DML used in SQL to create queries and commands.

Only one action or query can be run simultaneously in SQL. However, PL/SQL allows for the simultaneous execution of multiple actions or an entire block of close statements. Thus, network traffic is decreased.

Features & Advantages of PL/SQL

Because SQL is processed in batches as opposed to as individual statements, performance is improved.

Efficacy is high.

Integration with SQL is tight.

Full Portability

The principles of object-oriented programming benefit from strict security.

Scalability and administration

Supports creating web applications

encourages the creation of server sites

Disadvantages of PL/SQL

In PL/SQL, stored procedures use a lot of memory and don't have debugging capabilities.

Any modification to the underlying database requires an equivalent modification to the presentation layer.

Because it does not totally divide the duties of back-end developers and front-end developers, it is challenging to separate HTML creation from PL/SQL development.

Conclusion

Using procedures, functions, control structures, cursors, and triggers, PL/SQL executes all of SQL's operations on massive amounts of data. It is essentially SQL with some procedural capabilities added. The necessary data is specified by SQL, but not how it can be obtained. PL/SQL is useful in this situation. we can now handle sophisticated SQL issues that were previously a pain in the neck thanks to the invention of PL/SQL. These days, data is the new oil, and data management is more crucial than ever. As a result, PL/SQL is essential for the operation of many enterprises. Knowledge of PL/SQL and SQL can be quite beneficial.

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What is the role of Oracle PL SQL Developer? 

Users can submit a block of statements to the database using PL/SQL to cut down on traffic between the application and the database. The procedural aspects of PL/SQL, such as conditions and loops, make it easier to declare procedures and functions, variables and constants, etc.

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Cursor ORACLE

https://www.guru99.com/pl-sql-cursor.html

Oracle PL/SQL offers native support for the execution of static (also referred to as "embedded") SELECT statements. Use a SELECT to query data from one or more tables in the Oracle database, and then deposit that date into variables in your PL/SQL program.

While all querying occurs through the SELECT, PL/SQL offers a number of different ways to construct and execute queries, including:

SELECT-INTO: fetch a single row of data, leaving Oracle to open, fetch and close the cursor.

SELECT-BULK COLLECT INTO: fetch multiple rows of data, leaving Oracle to open, fetch and close the cursor.

Explicit Cursor: declare a CURSOR in a PL/SQL program and then write OPEN, FETCH and CLOSE statements to retrieve the data and manage the cursor.

Cursor FOR loop: use the FOR loop construct with a SELECT statement to fetch multiple rows, leaving Oracle to declare a record, open, fetch and close the cursor.

Cursor Variables: declare a variable, assign a cursor to it with an OPEN FOR statement.

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE-INTO: execute a dynamically-constructed SELECT statement, and fetch the row into variables.

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE-BULK COLLECT INTO: execute a dynamically-constructed SELECT statement, and fetch multiple rows into one or more collections.

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Factorial Program In Pl Sql

Factorial Program In Pl Sql W3schools

Factorial Program In Pl Sql Query

Prerequisite – PL/SQL introduction In PL/SQL code groups of commands are arranged within a block. A block group related declarations or statements. In declare part, we declare variables and between begin and end part, we perform the operations.

Here, first, we take three variables num, fact, and temp and assign the value in num variable (i.e which number factorial we want). And then after we assign fact variable to 1.

In PL/SQL code groups of commands are arranged within a block. A block group related declarations or statements. In declare part, we declare variables and between begin and end part, we perform the operations. Here, first, we take three variables num, fact, and temp and assign the value in num variable (i.e which number factorial we want). In this tutorial we will write “Stored Procedure” calculates the factorial of a number. Vmware esx problem hyperthreading unmitigated. That is specified at below. crayon-5fc591bfb088/ You must execute the code ebove.

Volume normalizer chrome. Examples:

Below is the required implementation:

-- and temp of datatype number

fact number := 1;

-- with the help of while loop

loop

temp:= temp-1;

endloop;

dbms_output.put_line('factorial of '|| num || ' is '|| fact);

end;

-- Program End

Output :

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how PL/SQL WHILE loop statementto execute a sequence of statements repeatedly based on a condition that is checked at the beginning of each iteration.

Introduction to PL/SQL WHILE Loop

Sometimes, you don’t know in advance how many times a sequence of statements needs to execute because it depends on a condition which is not fixed at compile time. In such cases, you should use PL/SQL WHILE LOOP statement.

The following illustrates the PL/SQL WHILE LOOP syntax: Tubebuddy app for pc.

A condition is a Boolean variable or expression that evaluates to a Boolean value of TRUE, FALSE or NULL. The condition is checked at the beginning of each iteration.

If the condition evaluates to TRUE, the sequence_of_statements is executed.

If the condition evaluates to FALSE or NULL, the loop terminates and control is passed to the next executable statement following the END LOOP keywords.

It is important to note that the sequence of statements may not execute at all if the condition evaluates to FALSE or NULL before entering the loop.

In addition, inside the loop you have to update some variables to make the condition becomes to FALSE or NULL at some points to terminate the loop, otherwise, you will have an endless loop, which causes a stack overflow error.

The PL/SQL WHILE loop is effective when you don’t know how many times the loop will execute. If the number of iterations is predetermined, you should use the PL/SQL FOR loop statement instead.

The following flowchart illustrates the PL/SQL WHILE loop statement:

Factorial Program In Pl Sql W3schools

PL/SQL WHILE LOOP example

This example calculates factorial of 10 by using PL/SQL WHILE LOOP statement:

How it works.

First, we initialize the counter to 10 and factorial to 1.

Second, in each iteration, we multiply the factorial with the counter and decrease the counter by 1. The loop is terminated when the counter reaches zero.

Third, we display the result of the factorial of 10.

In this tutorial, you’ve learned how to use PL/SQL WHILE LOOP statement to execute a sequence of statements repeatedly based on a condition that is checked before each iteration of the loop.

Factorial Program In Pl Sql Query

Related Tutorials

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top 90 Sql Interview Questions

Companies of all dimensions can access this sponsorship. Ideal pl/sql meeting inquiries and also answers for both betters as well as experienced candidates, our pl/sql meeting question as well as responses will assist you to break the meeting. Prospects will certainly grab the email summarizing their meeting loop. You do not desire a clinical secretarial aide who sticks just to what their work requires and zilch extra. DDL or Data Definition Language concerns the SQL commands straight affecting the database structure. DDL is a category of SQL command classifications that also consist of DML, Deals, as well as Protection. Columns can be categorized as vertical and also rows as straight. The columns in a table are called areas while the rows can be described as records. REMOVE command is made use of to remove rows from the table, and also IN WHICH stipulation can be made use of for conditional set of criteria. Commit and also Rollback can be executed after erase statement. A data source Cursor is a control which enables traversal over the rows or documents in the table. https://tinyurl.com/c7k3vf9t can be considered as a guideline to one row in a set of rows. Arrow is very much valuable for going across such as access, addition and also removal of database records. SQL represents Structured Question Language, which is a domain-specific programming language utilized for database interactions as well as relational database management. Sign up with is an SQL procedure for developing a link in between 2 or more data source tables. Signs up with enable choosing data from a table basis information from another table. The DELETE command is used to remove 'some or all rows from a table. The procedure can not be rolled back The DECLINE command gets rid of a table from the data source. All the tables' rows, indexes as well as privileges will certainly also be gotten rid of. Trigger will perform a block of procedural code versus the database when a table occasion happens. A trigger defines a set of activities that are performed in response to an insert, upgrade, or delete procedure on a specified table. The gathered index is used to reorder the physical order of the table and search based upon the crucial values. Each table can have only one clustered index. The Clustered index is the only index which has been immediately developed when the main secret is produced. If modest information alteration needed to be done in the table after that gat here d indexes are liked. For producing a unique index, the user has to examine the information in the column because the unique indexes are made use of when any column of the table has unique worths. This indexing does not enable the field to have duplicate worths if the column is distinct indexed. Non-Clustered Index does not alter the physical order of the table and also maintains logical order of information. Each table can have 999 non-clustered indexes. When such an SQL operation is performed, in this case the trigger has been turned on. The column that has totally unique data throughout the table is referred to as the primary crucial field. sql coding interview questions -- A column that determines documents in one table by matching with the primary type in a different table. Primary key-- One or more areas in a database table with values assured to be one-of-a-kind for each record. Stored procedure-- A set of SQL declarations stored in a database as well as executed with each other. No matter what work you may have made an application for, this concern may turn up anytime. The sight itself does not contain any kind of real data; the information is digitally kept in the base table. The view merely shows the information contained in the base table. You could say "Unlike an internal join, a left sign up with will certainly make sure that we draw out information from both tables for all consumer IDs we see in the left table. they will freely tie in to the particular locations that you have actually requested. If https://is.gd/snW9y3 re seeking sql steward dba interview inquiries for seasoned or betters you are at appropriate place. You want to utilize your analytic skills in the byplay surroundings. A sight is a digital table which has data from several tables. Views limit information access of table by choosing only required worths and make complex queries simple. A view is a digital table whose contents are gotten from an existing table or tables, called base tables. The retrieval happens through an SQL declaration, included right into the view. So, you can think about a view object as a sight right into the base table. A distinct index can be used immediately when a main trick is defined. "Order by 2" is only legitimate when there go to least two columns being utilized in choose declaration. A query is a request for information or details from a database table or mix of tables. A data source inquiry can be either a pick question or an activity query. A table is an organized collection of information kept in the form of rows and columns. A Subquery is sub collection of choose statements whose return worths are made use of in filtering system conditions of the primary inquiry. When a one table's primary vital area is added to associated tables in order to create the common field which connects the two tables, it called a international type in various other tables. Foreign Trick constraints apply referential integrity. Join keyword phrase is used to fetch information from related 2 or even more tables. It returns rows where there goes to the very least one match in both the tables consisted of in sign up with.

For that reason, an internal join enables you to get an result consisting of info from both tables just for the client IDs discovered in the two tables that match. Given that you establish the consumer ID area to be a coordinating column, naturally. A certain feature of DDL commands is statements that can control indexes, objects, tables, views, activates, and so on. SQL contains standard commands for data source communications such as SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, DELETE, UPDATE, DECLINE and so on. SQL meeting concerns are asked in mostly all meetings due to the fact that data source procedures are really usual in applications.

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Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL 4 Practice Tests

This practice test is designed to help you evaluate if you are ready to successfully complete the Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL | 1Z0-144 Certification exam. Scenario based exam questions for Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL | 1Z0-144 Certification, Online practice exam to be completed in Specified Time Duration. Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL 1Z0-144 Exam is related to Oracle Database 11g and Credits towards Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional and Oracle PL/SQL Developer Certified Associate. This exam validates the Candidates ability to Oracle Database 11g Procedural language, Structured Query Language PL/SQL fundamentals list the uses of variables declaring and initialized use bind variables, use built-in SQL functions in PL/SQL and sequences and PL/SQL expressions, describe when implicit and conversations take place and when explicit conversations have to be dealt with creating PL/SQL executable blocks using data manipulation language DML and Transaction Control Statements, declaring Control explicit cursor use simple loops and cursor for loops to fetch data lock rows with the for update clause and reference occurs in row with the Where current of clause. It also validates the ability to Oracle Database 11g like develop PL/SQL program units differentiate between anonymous blocks and subprograms manage persistent package data states for the life of a session and the warp utility. Senior Database Administrators, IT Directors, and IT Architects usually hold or pursue this certification and you can expect the same job role after completion of this certification The Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL 1Z0-144 Exam certification is an internationally-recognized validation that identifies persons who earn it as possessing skilled as an Oracle PL/SQL Developer Certified Associate. If a candidate wants significant improvement in career growth needs enhanced knowledge, skills, and talents. The Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL 1Z0-144 Exam certification provides proof of this advanced knowledge and skill. If a candidate has knowledge of associated technologies and skills that are required to pass Oracle Database 11g: Program with PL/SQL 1Z0-144 Exam then he should take this exam. The benefit in Obtaining the 1Z0-144 Exam Certification Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional are distinguished among competitors. Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional certification can give them an edge at that time easily when candidates appear for a job interview employers seek to notify something which differentiates the individual to another. Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional have more useful and relevant networks that help them in setting career goals for themselves. Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional networks provide them with the right career direction than non certified usually are unable to get. Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional will be confident and stand different from others as their skills are more trained than non-certified professionals. Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional have the knowledge to use the tools to complete the task efficiently and cost effectively than the other non-certified professionals lack in doing so. Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional Certification provides practical experience to candidates from all the aspects to be a proficient worker in the organization. Oracle Advanced PL/SQL Developer Certified Professional Certifications provide opportunities to get a job easily in which they are interested in instead of wasting years and ending without getting any experience.

Who this course is for:

- Any one who want to pass 1Z0-144 exam - IT who are working towards becoming an Oracle Certified Associate in the PL/SQL developer track Read the full article

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Question-26: What is the purpose of the FOR LOOP statement in PL/SQL?

Answer: The FOR LOOP statement in PL/SQL is used for iterative processing, allowing us to execute a block of code repeatedly for a specific number of times or over a specific range.  It provides a convenient way to perform repetitive tasks and iterate through collections or query results. Definition: The FOR LOOP statement is a control structure in PL/SQL that iterates over a specified range…

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300+ TOP Oracle Tuxedo Interview Questions and Answers

Oracle Tuxedo Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. When and by whom was Oracle Tuxedo formed? Tuxedo was built by AT&T i.e. American Telephone & Telegraph Company in the 1980s. Oracle Tuxedo is a software that was developed by Oracle corporations in 2008. 2. What does Tuxedo mean to you? Well the full form of Tuxedo is Transactions for Unix , Extended for distributed operations. Simply, it is a middle ware platform which manages the distribution of computing environments along with processing of transactions. It is also a cross platform software that can be run by any operating system. 3. What is a Middleware? Technically, Middleware is a hidden layer or layers of software between Operating system and Application. It comprises of common functionalities crucial for many applications. 4. Name the languages used by Oracle Tuxedo? The software is written in 7 languages C C++ JAVA PYTHON COBOL Ruby PHP 5. What according to you is the greatest advantage of Tuxedo? The amazing clustering capability of Tuxedo is its greatest advantage. It can process millions of requests in a second. Being highly optimized it gets responses within few microseconds. 6. Which cluster is used by oracle? Oracle uses Oracle RAC or Real Application Cluster. 7. What is RAC? Oracle RAC is Oracle’s premier shared disk database clustering technology. It is a clustered database solution for scalability, high availability, flexibility and elasticity. RAC was introduced in 2001 with Oracle 9i. It is available in standard as well as enterprise edition. 8. What is difference between RAC & non RAC environment in Oracle? In case of Non RAC environment a single instance accesses a single database. The database contains control files, redo log files & database files which is physically present on desk. Whereas, The RAC environment contains two or more instances communicating with a single database ; these all are instances running on separate servers. 9. What is Oracle Exadata? Exadata is simply a data appliance. A data appliance is a server with pre-installed & pre-optimized database. Three major components of Exadata database server are DB Server , Cell Storage , Infiniband Switch , Cisco Switch , PDU , Database Instance , ASM Instance , Database Resource Manager The key Features of Oracle Exadata are Hardware level , Storage Server Cells , High Speed Infiniband Switch , Software level , Smart Scan , Flash Cache , Hybrid Columnar Compression , IORM (I/O Resource Manager). 10. How can we shift a normal database to Exadata? There are almost 9 possible ways to do that. Physical Standby Logical Standby Export/Import Transportable Tablespace Transportable Database Golden gate RMAN cold Oracle Streams Hot backup restoration

Oracle Tuxedo Interview Questions 11. What is ASM? ASM is Automatic storage management which was introduces in Oracle 10g . It provides storage solutions. It is a very powerful tool for managing multi-terabyte database. The storage components of Oracle ASM are ASM Disks ASM Disk groups ASM Allocation units ASM Extents ASM Files ASM File Extent Map ASM can add a disk from the volume or remove it, ASM can perform the load balancing inside the storage. Basically , ASM provides the volume manager layer which is essential for every software. It also acts as a file system. 12. What are the benefits of ASM? There are several benefits of ASM . The most important aspects of ASM are It stripes files rather than logical volumes It can perform Online disk reconfiguration and dynamic rebalancing It has adjustable rebalancing speed It Provides redundancy on a file basis Besides, ASM is Custer-aware and it can be automatically installed . 13. What are the temporal data types provided by Oracle? Oracle provides 3 kinds of data types- Date data type which provides different formats of dates. Timestamp data type which provides different formats of Time stamp. Interval data type which provides interval between dates & times. 14. What is SALT? SALT stands for service architecture leveraging tuxedo. It is a SOAP over https gateway. It was created to expose tuxedo services as web services which will invoke web services from within tuxedo applications using tuxedo API. SALT is configuration driven. It is scalable and highly available. Code changing is not required in case of SALT. 15. What is an Oracle instance? Oracle instance is a system global area (SGA) and the Oracle background processes constitute an Oracle database instance. Every time a database is started, a system global area is allocated and Oracle background processes are started. The SGA is deallocated when the instance shuts down. After starting an instance, Oracle associates the instance with the specified database. This is called mounting the database. The database is then ready to be opened, which makes it accessible to authorized users. 16. What is Oracle package? Oracle package is a schema object that groups logically related PL/SQL types, items, and subprograms. Packages offer several advantages: modularity, easier application design, information hiding, added functionality, and better performance 17. Explain the general concepts of PL/SQL? PL/SQL is Oracle's procedural extension to SQL. With PL/SQL, we can manipulate data with SQL statements, and control program flow with procedural constructs such as IF-THEN and LOOP. we can also declare constants and variables, define procedures and functions, use collections and object types, and trap run-time errors. Applications written using any of the Oracle programmatic interfaces can call PL/SQL stored procedures and send blocks of PL/SQL code to the server for execution. Because it runs inside the database, PL/SQL code is very efficient for data-intensive operations, and minimizes network traffic in client/server applications. 18. What is a database trigger? A database trigger is a stored procedure that Oracle invokes automatically when certain events occur, for example, when a DML operation modifies a certain table. Triggers enforce business rules, prevent incorrect values from being stored, and reduce the need to perform checking and cleanup operations in each application. Here are some important items to remember about triggers. -On insert triggers have no : OLD values. -On delete triggers have no :NEW values -Triggers do not commit transactions. If a transaction is rolled back, the data changed by the trigger is also rolled back. -Commits, rollbacks and save points are not allowed in the trigger body. A commit/rollback affects the entire transaction, it is all or none. -Unhandled exceptions in the trigger will cause a rollback of the entire transaction, not just the trigger. -If more than one trigger is defined on an event, the order in which they fire is not defined. If the triggers must fire in order, we must create one trigger that executes all the actions in the required order. -A trigger can cause other events to execute triggers. -A trigger cannot change a table that it has read from. 19. What is a data warehouse? A data warehouse is a relational database that is designed for query and analysis. It usually contains historical data derived from transaction data, but it can include data from other sources. It separates analysis workload from transaction workload and enables an organization to consolidate data from several sources. In addition to a relational database, a data warehouse environment includes an extraction, transportation, transformation, and loading (ETL) solution, an online analytical processing (OLAP) engine, client analysis tools, and other applications that manage the process of gathering data and delivering it to business users. Most data warehouses use a staging area to clean and process our operational data before We may want to customize our warehouse's architecture for different groups within our organization. 20. What is RDF? A set of rules (a sort of language) for creating descriptions of information, especially information available on the World Wide Web. RDF could be used to describe a collection of books, or artists, or a collection of web pages as in the RSS data format which uses RDF to create machine-readable summaries of web sites. RDF is also used in XPFE applications to define the relationships between different collections of elements, for example RDF could be used to define the relationship between the data in a database and the way that data is displayed to a user 21. What do the Oracle logical structures comprised of? Logical structures of an Oracle database include tablespaces, schema objects, data blocks, extents, and segments. Because the physical and logical structures are separate, the physical storage of data can be managed without affecting the access to logical storage structures. 22. Define cursor variable? A cursor variable is associated with different statements which can hold different values at run time. It is kind of reference type. 23. Describe PLS_INTEGER datatype? PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER are identical datatypes and are only available in PL/SQL. You cannot create a column in a table with either of these data types. PLS_INTEGER is a highly efficient integer 32-bit data type. You will most commonly see PLS_INETGER (and BINARY_INETGER) in PL/SQL routines as an index variable. An associative array (INDEX BY TABLE) index. Both PLS_INTEGER and BINARY_INTEGER allow whole numbers only. Decimal fractions are rounded to the nearest whole number. 24. What is a pragma? Pragma is a keyword in Oracle PL/SQL that is used to provide an instruction to the compiler like PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. 25. What is Oracle package? A schema object that groups logically related PL/SQL types, items, and subprograms. Packages offer several advantages: modularity, easier application design, information hiding, added functionality, and better performance. 26. What is partitioning? Partitioning is a method of splitting large tables and indexes into smaller, more manageable pieces. 27. What is the DCL & DDL language ? DCL is Data Control Language statements (GRANT, COMMIT) DDL (Data D DDL language definition Language) statements are used to define the database structure or schema (CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE). 28. What is EXPLANE PLAN? The EXPLAIN PLAN statement displays execution plans chosen by the Oracle optimizer for SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE statements. A statement's execution plan is the sequence of operations Oracle performs to run the statement. The row source tree is the core of the execution plan. It shows the following information: -An ordering of the tables referenced by the statement -An access method for each table mentioned in the statement -A join method for tables affected by join operations in the statement -Data operations like filter, sort, or aggregation In addition to the row source tree, the plan table contains information about the following: -Optimization, such as the cost and cardinality of each operation -Partitioning, such as the set of accessed partitions -Parallel execution, such as the distribution method of join inputs The EXPLAIN PLAN results let us determine whether the optimizer selects a particular execution plan, such as, nested loops join. 29. What is ERP System? Enterprise Resource Planning, a system that is used to manage all aspects of a company's operations. ERP is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into one single system. 30. What does TUXEDO mean? Transactions for UniX, Enhanced for Distributed Operation 31. Which companies owned TUXEDO before BEA? AT&T, USL, Novell. 32. What's the TUXEDO 'buddy' mechanism? The DBBL keeps the BBL up, the BBL keeps the DBBL (and all other servers) up. Oracle Tuxedo Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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What is difference between SQL and PL-SQL? tccicomputercoaching.com

SQL : Structures Query Language used to perform only DDL, DML, DQL, TCL & DCL..So on but in day today day life SQL is not sufficient to solve our problems.

PL/SQL: Procedural Language Structured Query Language is an extension for SQL.

1. Language

SQL is a structured language support looping and conditional statements.

PL/SQL is a procedural language supports looping and conditional statements, such as (range base loops, condition base loops ).

2. Execution:

In SQL we cannot execute one or more that one statement at a time.

Where as in PL/SQL we can execute number of statements, with the use of (procedures, functions, packages, cursors…..)

3. Error Messages:

SQL always gives system error messages while any wrong transaction. Users cannot understand these system error messages.

Whereas with PL/SQL , we can convert these system error messages into user friendly error messages with the excellent concept called EXCEPTION HANDLING.

4. Code Reusability

SQL doesn’t support code reusability, it means we need to write insert , update, delete, select each and every time.

Where as in PL/SQL supports code reusability. it means writing the code only one time and reusing the same code again and again whenever u want to do the same operations.

5. Interaction

SQL interacts with a Database server

Pl/SQL has no interaction with the database server

6.  Example

SQL - SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE Age>=18;

PL/SQL - CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE hello AS BEGIN dbms_output.put_line('Hello World!'); END;

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PL/SQL Looping Statement

PL/SQL Looping Statement

In this topics you can learn PL/SQL Looping Statement.

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Syntax for LOOP statement in Oracle PL/SQL

Syntax for LOOP statement in Oracle PL/SQL

Example of LOOP Statement in Oracle PL/SQL LOOP statement is executed at least once, we need to specify the EXIT clause to come out from LOOP statement. Syntax: LOOP <statements> END LOOP; Example of LOOP Statements: SET SERVEROUTPUT ON DECLARE v_id number(2); BEGIN v_id := 1; LOOP dbms_output.put_line('id: ' || v_id); v_id := V_id + 1; EXIT WHEN v_id > 10; END LOOP; END; /

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leading 90 Sql Meeting Questions

Business of all sizes can access this financial backing. Finest pl/sql meeting questions and answers for both freshers as well as experienced prospects, our pl/sql interview question and responses will certainly help you to crack the interview. Prospects will pick up the e-mail summarizing their interview loop. You do not want a medical secretarial assistant who sticks just to what their task needs and zilch extra. DDL or Data Interpretation Language pertains to the SQL commands straight impacting the database structure. DDL is a classification of SQL command categories that likewise consist of DML, Deals, as well as Security. Columns can be categorized as upright and rows as straight. The columns in a table are called fields while the rows can be referred to as documents. ERASE command is utilized to get rid of rows from the table, and also IN WHICH condition can be utilized for conditional set of criteria. Devote as well as Rollback can be performed after erase declaration. A database Arrow is a control which allows traversal over the rows or records in the table. This can be considered as a reminder to one row in a set of rows. Cursor is significantly helpful for going across such as access, enhancement and also removal of database records. SQL stands for Structured Question Language, which is a domain-specific programs language used for data source interactions and relational database monitoring. Sign up with is an SQL procedure for establishing a connection between two or even more data source tables. Joins allow choosing data from a table basis information from one more table. The DELETE command is used to get rid of 'some or all rows from a table. https://geekinterview.net can not be curtailed The DECREASE command gets rid of a table from the data source. All the tables' rows, indexes and opportunities will certainly also be removed. Trigger will execute a block of procedural code against the data source when a table event occurs. A trigger defines a set of actions that are executed in reaction to an insert, upgrade, or delete procedure on a defined table. The gathered index is utilized to reorder the physical order of the table as well as search based upon the crucial worths. Each table can have only one gat here d index. The Clustered index is the only index which has been immediately developed when the main key is produced. If moderate data adjustment required to be carried out in the table after that clustered indexes are chosen. For developing a unique index, the customer needs to check the information in the column due to the fact that the unique indexes are utilized when any type of column of the table has one-of-a-kind values. This indexing does not permit the field to have replicate values if the column is special indexed. Non-Clustered Index does not change the physical order of the table and also keeps logical order of information. Each table can have 999 non-clustered indexes. When such an SQL operation is executed, in this case the trigger has actually been turned on. The column that has entirely unique information throughout the table is called the main essential field. Foreign key-- A column that recognizes records in one table by matching with the main type in a different table. Main trick-- Several fields in a data source table with values ensured to be one-of-a-kind for every document. Stored treatment-- A collection of SQL statements stored in a database as well as carried out with each other. No matter what task you may have looked for, this inquiry might appear anytime. https://bit.ly/3tmWIsh does not consist of any kind of real data; the information is digitally kept in the base table. The view merely reveals the information contained in the base table. You might state "Unlike an internal join, a left join will make sure that we extract info from both tables for all consumer IDs we see in the left table. they will loosely tie in to the particular locations that you have actually applied for. If you 39 re looking for sql waitress dba interview inquiries for experienced or freshers you are at ideal area. You intend to utilize your analytic abilities in the byplay environments. A sight is a virtual table which consists of data from one or more tables. Views limit information gain access to of table by picking only needed values as well as make complex queries easy. A view is a online table whose contents are gotten from an existing table or tables, called base tables. The retrieval happens through an SQL statement, integrated right into the view. So, you can consider a sight object as a sight into the base table. sql dba interview questions can be applied immediately when a main secret is defined. "Order by 2" is just valid when there go to the very least 2 columns being made use of in pick statement. A query is a request for data or details from a database table or combination of tables. A data source question can be either a pick query or an activity inquiry. A table is an organized collection of data saved in the form of rows and columns. A Subquery is sub set of choose declarations whose return worths are made use of in filtering conditions of the main question. When a one table's main key area is included in associated tables in order to create the typical area which connects both tables, it called a foreign key in various other tables. Foreign Key constraints impose referential integrity. Sign up with key words is utilized to fetch information from associated 2 or more tables. It returns rows where there is at least one suit in both the tables consisted of in join. As a result, an internal join enables you to acquire an output including info from both tables only for the customer IDs found in the two tables that match. Supplied that you set the client ID field to be a coordinating column, of course. A certain characteristic of DDL commands is statements that can manipulate indexes, things, tables, sights, activates, etc. SQL includes typical commands for database communications such as SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, DELETE, UPDATE, DECREASE and so on. SQL interview inquiries are asked in nearly all interviews since database procedures are very usual in applications.

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[:ar]دورة PL/SQL[:]

[:ar]دورة PL/SQL

يوفر البرنامج التعليمي PL / SQL المفاهيم الأساسية والمتقدمة لـ SQL ، تم تصميم البرنامج التعليمي PL / SQL للمبتدئين والمحترفين.

PL / SQL هي لغة منظمة للكتل يمكن أن تحتوي على كتل متعددة فيها.

يتضمن البرنامج التعليمي PL / SQL لدينا جميع مواضيع لغة PL / SQL مثل conditional statements, loops, arrays, string, exceptions, collections, records, triggers, functions, procedures, cursors…