#REACT JS interview questions for experienced

[infograins-tcs]

React Training in Indore – Master the Future of Front-End Development

Shaping Modern Web Developers with Expert React Training in Indore

In today’s digital era, React has become the cornerstone of modern front-end development. As companies increasingly adopt this powerful JavaScript library, the demand for skilled developers continues to soar. Infograins TCS offers industry-relevant React Training in Indore designed to transform aspiring coders into professional React developers. With our project-based learning model and experienced mentors, your journey to becoming a React expert begins here.

Comprehensive Overview of React JS Training

Our React Training in Indore covers the complete spectrum—from React fundamentals to advanced concepts like Redux, Hooks, Context API, and RESTful integrations. At Infograins TCS, our curriculum is designed to equip you with hands-on experience in building dynamic, responsive web applications. Real-time projects and expert-guided assignments make our training both practical and career-focused, ensuring you're job-ready from day one.

Key Benefits of Learning React at Infograins TCS

When you choose Infograins TCS, you're investing in a premium learning experience. As a part of our React JS Internship in Indore, students gain:

Real-world project experience for enhanced portfolio value.

Mentorship from seasoned professionals.

Access to React development tools and libraries.

Resume-building and interview preparation sessions.

These benefits make Infograins a standout destination for individuals serious about a career in web development using React.

Why Choose Us for Your React Learning Journey

Infograins TCS isn’t just another institute—it’s a reliable platform for career transformation. Our React Training in Indore emphasizes personalized attention, updated curriculum, and practical exposure. With small batch sizes, interactive learning methods, and dedicated placement support, we ensure every student receives the guidance they need to succeed. Our commitment to quality and consistency positions us as a preferred training hub in central India.

Certification Programs at Infograins TCS

We offer industry-recognized certifications that validate your React expertise and boost your employability. Completing our certified React Training in Indore program allows you to stand out in job interviews and freelance gigs. The certifications not only showcase your technical proficiency but also build confidence as you enter the professional space.

After Certification: Internships and Job Opportunities

Your learning doesn’t end with certification. We help you take the next big step with placement assistance and React JS Internship in Indore opportunities. Internships provide real-time exposure to live projects and prepare you to work in agile development teams. With Infograins’ network of hiring partners, you get a strong foothold in the tech industry.

Explore More In-Demand Courses

Infograins TCS offers more than just React. Broaden your career options with our diverse IT training programs:

Python with Django Development

JavaScript and Full Stack Web Development

UI/UX Design Certification

Software Testing – Manual & Automation

Cloud Computing and AWS Training

Each of these courses is crafted to meet the needs of today’s IT industry, just like our focused React Training in Indore.

Infograins TCS – Your Trusted Learning Partner

We’re more than just a training center—we’re your career partners. Infograins TCS provides ongoing mentorship, skill assessments, and job-ready programs like React JS Internship in Indore that give our learners an edge in the competitive tech market. From start to finish, our support ensures that you are never alone in your career journey.

FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions

1. Who can enroll in the React Training in Indore at Infograins TCS? Anyone with basic knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript can enroll—ideal for students, freshers, and working professionals looking to upskill.

2. Is there a certification upon completion of the course? Yes, all participants receive an industry-recognized certificate after successful course completion and assessment.

3. What does the React JS Internship in Indore include? The internship includes real-time project exposure, mentorship sessions, and practical assignments designed to simulate industry work environments.

4. Do you offer placement assistance post training? Yes, we provide dedicated placement support including resume building, interview prep, and direct referrals to partner companies.

5. Can I take this course online as well? Yes, we offer both in-person and online training modes for maximum flexibility based on your preference and schedule.

Take the Leap – Enroll Now

With a proven track record, expert faculty, and dedicated career services, Infograins TCS is your go-to destination for React JS Internship in Indore and full-fledged React training. Start your journey today and build modern web applications like a pro.

[codingbrushup]

Why CodingBrushup is the Ultimate Tool for Your Programming Skills Revamp

In today's fast-paced tech landscape, staying current with programming languages and frameworks is more important than ever. Whether you're a beginner looking to break into the world of development or a seasoned coder aiming to sharpen your skills, Coding Brushup is the perfect tool to help you revamp your programming knowledge. With its user-friendly features and comprehensive courses, Coding Brushup offers specialized resources to enhance your proficiency in languages like Java, Python, and frameworks such as React JS. In this blog, we’ll explore why Coding Brushup for Programming is the ultimate platform for improving your coding skills and boosting your career.

1. A Fresh Start with Java: Master the Fundamentals and Advanced Concepts

Java remains one of the most widely used programming languages in the world, especially for building large-scale applications, enterprise systems, and Android apps. However, it can be challenging to master Java’s syntax and complex libraries. This is where Coding Brushup shines.

For newcomers to Java or developers who have been away from the language for a while, CodingBrushup offers structured, in-depth tutorials that cover everything from basic syntax to advanced concepts like multithreading, file I/O, and networking. These interactive lessons help you brush up on core Java principles, making it easier to get back into coding without feeling overwhelmed.

The platform’s practice exercises and coding challenges further help reinforce the concepts you learn. You can start with simple exercises, such as writing a “Hello World” program, and gradually work your way up to more complicated tasks like creating a multi-threaded application. This step-by-step progression ensures that you gain confidence in your abilities as you go along.

Additionally, for those looking to prepare for Java certifications or technical interviews, CodingBrushup’s Java section is designed to simulate real-world interview questions and coding tests, giving you the tools you need to succeed in any professional setting.

2. Python: The Versatile Language for Every Developer

Python is another powerhouse in the programming world, known for its simplicity and versatility. From web development with Django and Flask to data science and machine learning with libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and TensorFlow, Python is a go-to language for a wide range of applications.

CodingBrushup offers an extensive Python course that is perfect for both beginners and experienced developers. Whether you're just starting with Python or need to brush up on more advanced topics, CodingBrushup’s interactive approach makes learning both efficient and fun.

One of the unique features of CodingBrushup is its ability to focus on real-world projects. You'll not only learn Python syntax but also build projects that involve web scraping, data visualization, and API integration. These hands-on projects allow you to apply your skills in real-world scenarios, preparing you for actual job roles such as a Python developer or data scientist.

For those looking to improve their problem-solving skills, CodingBrushup offers daily coding challenges that encourage you to think critically and efficiently, which is especially useful for coding interviews or competitive programming.

3. Level Up Your Front-End Development with React JS

In the world of front-end development, React JS has emerged as one of the most popular JavaScript libraries for building user interfaces. React is widely used by top companies like Facebook, Instagram, and Airbnb, making it an essential skill for modern web developers.

Learning React can sometimes be overwhelming due to its unique concepts such as JSX, state management, and component lifecycles. That’s where Coding Brushup excels, offering a structured React JS course designed to help you understand each concept in a digestible way.

Through CodingBrushup’s React JS tutorials, you'll learn how to:

Set up React applications using Create React App

Work with functional and class components

Manage state and props to pass data between components

Use React hooks like useState, useEffect, and useContext for cleaner code and better state management

Incorporate routing with React Router for multi-page applications

Optimize performance with React memoization techniques

The platform’s interactive coding environment lets you experiment with code directly, making learning React more hands-on. By building real-world projects like to-do apps, weather apps, or e-commerce platforms, you’ll learn not just the syntax but also how to structure complex web applications. This is especially useful for front-end developers looking to add React to their skillset.

4. Coding Brushup: The All-in-One Learning Platform

One of the best things about Coding Brushup is its all-in-one approach to learning. Instead of jumping between multiple platforms or textbooks, you can find everything you need in one place. CodingBrushup offers:

Interactive coding environments: Code directly in your browser with real-time feedback.

Comprehensive lessons: Detailed lessons that guide you from basic to advanced concepts in Java, Python, React JS, and other programming languages.

Project-based learning: Build projects that add to your portfolio, proving that you can apply your knowledge in practical settings.

Customizable difficulty levels: Choose courses and challenges that match your skill level, from beginner to advanced.

Code reviews: Get feedback on your code to improve quality and efficiency.

This structured learning approach allows developers to stay motivated, track progress, and continue to challenge themselves at their own pace. Whether you’re just getting started with programming or need to refresh your skills, Coding Brushup tailors its content to suit your needs.

5. Boost Your Career with Certifications

CodingBrushup isn’t just about learning code—it’s also about helping you land your dream job. After completing courses in Java, Python, or React JS, you can earn certifications that demonstrate your proficiency to potential employers.

Employers are constantly looking for developers who can quickly adapt to new languages and frameworks. By adding Coding Brushup certifications to your resume, you stand out in the competitive job market. Plus, the projects you build and the coding challenges you complete serve as tangible evidence of your skills.

6. Stay Current with Industry Trends

Technology is always evolving, and keeping up with the latest trends can be a challenge. Coding Brushup stays on top of these trends by regularly updating its content to include new libraries, frameworks, and best practices. For example, with the growing popularity of React Native for mobile app development or TensorFlow for machine learning, Coding Brushup ensures that developers have access to the latest resources and tools.

Additionally, Coding Brushup provides tutorials on new programming techniques and best practices, helping you stay at the forefront of the tech industry. Whether you’re learning about microservices, cloud computing, or containerization, CodingBrushup has you covered.

Conclusion

In the world of coding, continuous improvement is key to staying relevant and competitive. Coding Brushup offers the perfect solution for anyone looking to revamp their programming skills. With comprehensive courses on Java, Python, and React JS, interactive lessons, real-world projects, and career-boosting certifications, CodingBrushup is your one-stop shop for mastering the skills needed to succeed in today’s tech-driven world.

Whether you're preparing for a new job, transitioning to a different role, or just looking to challenge yourself, Coding Brushup has the tools you need to succeed.

[reactjsmarathahalli]

AchieversIT: Your Gateway to the Best React JS Training in Marathahalli

In the bustling tech hub of Marathahalli, mastering React JS has become a crucial skill for web developers aiming to build modern, interactive web applications. If you're searching for the best React JS training institute in Marathahalli, AchieversIT is your ultimate destination. Our institute is renowned for providing top-notch training that equips you with the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in React JS development. Let's delve into what makes AchieversIT the best choice for React JS training in Marathahalli.

Expert Instructors and Comprehensive Curriculum AchieversIT prides itself on having a team of expert instructors who are industry leaders in React JS development. Their extensive experience and deep understanding of the technology ensure that our training is not only comprehensive but also at the forefront of industry trends. Our curriculum covers a wide range of topics, from React basics to advanced concepts like state management, hooks, and Redux, providing you with a solid foundation in React JS.

Hands-On Learning and Real-World Projects We believe in a hands-on learning approach that allows you to apply theoretical concepts in practical scenarios. Our React JS training includes a variety of hands-on exercises, coding challenges, and real-world projects that simulate actual development environments. This practical experience not only reinforces your learning but also prepares you for real-world React JS development challenges.

Personalized Attention and Mentorship AchieversIT understands that each student has unique learning needs. That's why we maintain small class sizes to provide personalized attention and mentorship. Our instructors are dedicated to your success and are available to answer your questions, provide feedback, and guide you through your learning journey. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, we tailor our training to your skill level and pace.

Career Development and Job Placement Assistance Our commitment to your success extends beyond training. AchieversIT offers comprehensive career development services, including resume building workshops, interview preparation sessions, and job placement assistance. We have a strong network of industry connections in Marathahalli, ensuring that you have access to a wide range of job opportunities in React JS development.

Collaborative Learning Environment Enrolling at AchieversIT connects you with a vibrant learning community of like-minded individuals passionate about React JS and web development. Our collaborative learning environment fosters interaction, collaboration, and knowledge sharing among peers. You'll have the opportunity to collaborate on projects, participate in group discussions, and learn from industry experts, enhancing your learning experience and expanding your professional network.

Conclusion: Choose AchieversIT for the Best React JS Training in Marathahalli In conclusion, AchieversIT offers the best React JS training in Marathahalli, combining expert instructors, comprehensive curriculum, hands-on learning, personalized attention, career development support, and a collaborative learning environment. Whether you're starting your journey in React JS or looking to enhance your skills, AchieversIT provides you with the tools and resources to succeed. Join AchieversIT today and unlock your potential in React JS development!

[chaudharyglasspack23]

Do the main topics in react JS

Do the main topics in react JS

Are you guys React fans or what? I've been using it for a while, but I'll tell you how quickly your knowledge grows with this course. And that's even if you're experienced in React.

I have been working with reactjs for the past couple of months and this is by far the best resource I could find, especially to learn how to create reusable components.

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It's most commonly used with the web but you can use React in basically any project (like native mobile apps).

I've been using react for about a year now. I've created a website that gets tons of traffic, and it's still running smoothly (http://blog-dash.com). I've seen React used in production applications, and it has been working very well. So far, I haven't run into any problems with React. It's an easy-to-use library that makes your code simple to read, understand, and maintain.

The whole React component lifecycle is the process of a component entering and leaving the virtual DOM. It’s an important concept to grasp because React components are so flexible and reusable.

Read More: https://nearlearn.com/blog/top-react-interview-questions-you-must-prepare-in-2022/

The React team has done a fabulous job of explaining the React component lifecycle. I’ll give you the cliff notes because it will save us both some time. The most important thing to remember is that we can only use the componentDidMount and componentDidUpdate methods AFTER we have rendered the component with our return statement in the render method.

The React documentation on the life-cycle methods is fairly sparse. This article attempts to break down and explain each stage in the lifecycle and offers suggestions on when to use these methods.

The React component lifecycle is the order in which methods get called when a component is created, updated, and removed.

The component life cycle is the process that React uses to render and re-render components.

This is an excellent article. I'm just getting started with React and it's really helpful to see this information all in one place.

Animated transitions have become popular. They are a great way to add some extra flair to your app. There are many libraries that help make this easy. React-Motion is one of those libraries. It uses the native Animated library and is very similar in its API.

One of the best parts about React is that we get to use a virtual DOM. It allows us to render our components over and over again without affecting the DOM.

In this article, we are going to look at the build-up of our React components and how to make them more dynamic. We'll start by looking at one of the most basic React components, a Hello World component.

As React applications grow, the amount of code that we need to write also grows. In this post, I will introduce you to a few different methods for writing less code in your React components.

The Component API gives us the ability to compose complex user interfaces from reusable components. We can use the lifecycle methods in our components to perform some useful tasks.

The more specific your CSS is, the easier it is to maintain. It helps keep your stylesheets cleaner by being more specific and reduces repetition by grouping related styles. It also helps with specificity issues when dealing with responsive design.

[siva3155]

300+ TOP React Native Interview Questions and Answers

React Native Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is React Native? React native is an open-source JavaScript framework designed by Facebook for native mobile applications development. It is based on a JavaScript library-React. React Native saves your development time as it enables you to build real and native mobile apps within a single language – JavaScript for both Android and iOS platforms, such that code once, run that on any platform, and the React Native App is ready for use with native look and feel. 2. Why use React Native? There is the following list of React Native features behind its use: Easy to use. Open-source framework Cross-platform compatibility Code Sharing Use a common language – JavaScript for cross-platform development. Faster Development Saves Time and efforts Gives Native look and feel 3. What are the advantages of React Native? React Native is based on “Learn Once Write Everywhere” approach to equip developers with a tool that only needs to be learned once, just in a single language and then can be reused on both iOS and Android mobile platform. React Native offers cross-platform development and a real experience to developers allowing them to build only one app with effectively 70% code sharing between different platforms. React Native helps in faster development. Building one app instead of two using a common language gives speedier app deployment, delivery, and quicker time-to-market. React Native exists with essential components for ending of native apps as the app development ends with native look and feel. React Native has a large community of developers for its security. The developers are always ready to fix bugs and issues that occur at any instant. They improve the performance of React Native from time to time with the best practices possible. React Native supports Live and Hot Reloading. Both are different features. Live Reloading is a tool that helps in compiling and reading the modified files. Hot Reloading is based on HMR (Hot Module Replacement) and helps to display the updated UI content. 4. List the essential components of React Native. These are the following essential components of React Native: View is the basic built-in component used to build UI. Text component displays text in the app. Image component displays images in the app. TextInput is used to input text into the app via the keypad. ScrollView is a scrolling container used to host multiple views. 5. What are the cons of React Native? React Native is still a new development platform as compared to iOS and Android platforms. It is still immature, i.e., in an improvement stage and impacting negatively on apps. Sometimes, React Native built-in apps face performance problem if there is a requirement of advanced functionality. In that case, they don’t perform well as compared to native apps. React Native has a steep learning curve for an average learner as it is not more comfortable in comparison to other cross-platform apps. It is because of existing JSX (JavaScript Syntax extension) in which HTML and JavaScript get combined and make learning challenging for average ones. React Native is based on JavaScript library which is fragile and creates a gap in the security robustness. As an expert’s point of view, React Native is not secure and robust for building highly confidential data apps like Banking and Financial apps. 6. How many threads run in React Native? There are two threads run in React Native: JavaScript thread Main UI thread 7. What are props in React Native? props pronounced as the properties of React Native Components. props are the immutable parameters passed in Presentational Component to provide data. 8. What are React Native Apps? React Native Apps are not web apps; they are the real and native mobile applications built-in a single language with the native components to run on mobile devices. 9. List the users of React Native? There are thousands of React Native built-in apps. Here is the list of those apps: Facebook Facebook Ads Manager Instagram F8 Airbnb Skype Tesla Bloomberg Gyroscope Myntra UberEats 10. For what purpose XHR module used in React Native? XHR module implements XMLHttpRequest to post data on the server.

React Native Interview Questions 11. Can we use Native code alongside React Native? Yes, we can use a native code alongside React Native for task completion, and several limitations can also overcome in previous versions like Titanium. 12. Are React Native built-in mobile apps like other Hybrid Apps which are slower in actual than Native ones? React Native designed as a highly-optimized performance-based framework that builds real mobile apps with native components. Facebook is the best-suited example of high performance based app built-in React Native. 13. What is the difference between React and React Native? React is a JavaScript library while React native is a framework based on React. js used for building UI and web applications while React Native is used for creating cross-platform native mobile apps. Both uses synonymous tags such as

are the tags in React.js and are the tags in React native. js uses DOM for path rendering of HTML tags while React Native uses AppRegistry for app registration. 14. What is the difference between React Native and Native Script? React Native uses only a single core development language- JavaScript while Native Script can use any of these languages- Angular, Vuejs, TypeScript, and JavaScript. React Native has faster development speed than Native Script. React Native exists with reusable components that developed at once can be used at different mobile platforms and accelerates mobile app development while Native Script exists with a less number of plugins among which some pass improper verification. React Native performs high as compared to Native Script. React Native is React based and uses virtual Dom for faster UI updation while Native Script uses slower Angulas, Vuejs, and TypeScript. Native Script exists with a box of various themes that shorten the gap between the different platform UIs while React Native doesn’t live with predefined themes; you get default look and feel by the devices. 15. Can we combine native codes of Android and iOS in React Native? Yes, we can do this as React Native fluently combines the components of both iOS and Android written in Swift/ Objective-C or Java. 16. What is the point of StyleSheet.create() in react native? In React Native, StyleSheet.create() send the style only once through the bridge to avoid passing new style object and ensures that values are immutable and opaque. 17. Why React Native has very clear animations? The animated API of React Native was designed as serializable so that users can send animations to native without going through the bridge on every frame. Once the animation starts, a JS thread can be blocked, and the animations will still run fluently. As the code converted into native views before rendering, the animations in React native will run smoothly, and the users get bright animations. 18. Differentiate between the React component and the React element. React component is a class or function that accepts input and returns a React element while React element displays the look of React Component Instance to be created. 19. Why React Native use Redux? Redux is a standalone state management library that React Native use to simplify data flow within an app. 20. Which node_modules will run in React Native? How to test for this? In React Native, node_modules as any pure JavaScript library that does not rely on Node.js runtime modules, and does not rely on web-specific concepts like window.location.pathname will run fine. But be conscious as there exists no way to test for this with Babel- it doesn’t scan these libraries for offending dependencies. A module that uses window.location.pathname may fail at runtime in a different unexpected place. 21. What is Virtual DOM and how it works in React Native? Virtual Dom is an in-memory tree representation of the real DOM with lightweight elements. It provides a declarative way of DOM representation for an app and allows to update UI whenever the state changes. Working Virtual DOM lists elements and their attributes and content. It renders the entire UI whenever any underlying data changes in React Native. Due to which React differentiates it with the previous DOM and a real DOM gets updated. 22. What is InteractionManager and what is its importance? InteractionManager is a native module in React native that defers the execution of a function until an “interaction” finished. Importance React Native has JavaScript UI thread as the only thread for making UI updates that can be overloaded and drop frames. In that case, InteractionManager helps by ensuring that the function is only executed after the animations occurred. 23. What is the point of the relationship between React Native and React? React is a JavaScript library. React Native is a framework based on React that use JavaScript for building mobile applications. It uses React to construct its application UI and to define application business logic. React updates a real DOM by tree diffing and allows React Native to work. 24. What are the similarities between React Native and React? React.js and React Native share same lifecycle methods like componentDidMount same state and prop variables same component architecture similar management libraries like Redux 25. Describe HOC. HOC (High Order Components) in React is the functional programming methodology for reusing component logic. takes a component as an argument and returns a new component It is a pattern evolved from React’s compositional nature to decompose the logic into simpler and smaller reusable functions. 26. Define Native apps. Native app is a software program for a specific mobile device that is developed on a particular platform in a specific programming language like Objective-C/Swift for iOS and Java for Android. It can use device-specific hardware and software as built on a particular device and its OS. It uses the latest technology such as GPS and provides optimized performance. 27. What are Hybrid Apps? Hybrid applications are the web applications developed through HTML, CSS, JavaScript web standards and wrapped in a native container using a mobile WebView object. These apps are easier to maintain. 28. What are refs in React? When to use Refs? Refs are escape hatch that provides a direct way to access DOM nodes or React elements created in the render method. Refs get in use when To manage focus, text selection, or media playback To trigger imperative animations To integrate with third-party DOM libraries 29. What does a react native packager do? A react native packager does a few things: It combines all JavaScript code into a single file It translates any JavaScript code that your device don’t understand (e.g., JSX or some of the newer JS syntax) It converts assets like PNG files into objects that can be displayed by an Image 30. What is NPM in React Native? npm installs the command line interface in React Native. npm install -g react-native-cli 31. What are “props” and “state”? “Props” and “state” are both plain JavaScript objects used to control data inside the components. props short for “properties.” Immutable parameters -> Unchangeable inside the component. Set by their parent and fixed for the whole lifetime of a component. Get passed to the Presentational component. state Mutable parameters -> Changeable inside the component. Get handled within the container component. Can’t be accessed and modified outside the component. 32. What is Style? The style prop is a plain JavaScript object use to making style of React Native application. There are two ways to style your element in React Native application. style property: adds styles inline. external Stylesheet: enables us to write concise code. 33. How To Handling Multiple Platforms? React Native smoothly handles multiple platforms. The large numbers of the React Native APIs are cross-platform so that one React Native component will work seamlessly on both iOS and Android. It provides the ways using which you can easily organize your code and separate it by platform: Platform module to detect the platform in which the app is running and platform-specific file extensions to load the relevant platform file. 34. When would you use a class component over a functional component? We use class component if our component has state or a lifecycle method(s). Otherwise, we use a Functional component. 35. How React Native handle different screen size? React Native offers many ways to handle different screen sizes: Flexbox Flexbox is designed to provide a consistent layout on different screen sizes. It offers three main properties: flexDirection justifyContent alignItems Pixel Ratio exists in the official documentation with the definition such that we can get access to the device pixel density by using PixelRatio class. We will get a higher resolution image if we are on a high pixel density device. An ethical principle is that multiply the size of the image we display by the pixel ratio. Dimensions easily handle different screen sizes and style the page precisely. It needs to write the code only once for working on any device. 36. Are all React components usable in React Native? Web React components use DOM elements to display (ex. div, h1, table, etc.), but React Native does not support these. We will need to find libraries/components made specifically for React Native. But today React is focusing on components that can be shared between the web version of React and React Native. This concept has been formalized since React v0.14. 37. What is the challenge with React Native? Working across separate Android and iOS codebases is challenging. 38. Does React Native use the same code base for Android and iOS? Yes, React Native uses the same code base for Android and IOS. React takes cares of the native components translations. For example A React Native ScrollView uses native ScrollView on Android and UiScrollView on iOS. 39. Thus React Native is a native Mobile App? Yes, React Native compiles a native mobile app using native app components. React Native builds a real mobile app that is indistinguishable from an app built using Objective-C or Java. 40. What is Gesture Responder System? The gesture responder system manages the lifecycle of gestures in the app. Users interact with mobile apps mainly through touch. They can use a combination of gestures, such as tapping on a button, zooming on a map, sliding on a widget or scrolling a list. The touch responder system is required to allow components to negotiate these touch interactions without any additional knowledge of their parent or child components. 41. How can React Native integrate more features on the existing app? React Native is great to start a new application from scratch. However, React Native works well to add new features to an existing native app. It needs some steps to add new React Native based features, screen, views, etc. The specific steps are different for different platform you’re targeting. Set up directory structure. Install JavaScript dependencies. Configuring permissions. Code integration. Test your integration. 42. What is the storage system in React Native? React Native uses AsyncStorage class to store data in key-value pair which is global to all app. AsyncStorage is a JavaScript code which is a simple, unencrypted, asynchronous and persistent. React Native also uses separate files for iOS and RocksBD or SQLite for Android. Using AsyncStorage class, you must have a data backup, and synchronization classes as data saved on the device is not permanent and not encrypted. 43. How React Native load data from server? React Native provides the Fetch API which deals networking needs. React Native uses componentDidMount lifecycle method to load the data from server. fetch('https://mywebsite.com/mydata.json') Other Networking libraries which interact with server are: XMLHttpRequest API WebSockets React Native Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

[t-baba]

A web accessibility win following Supreme Court decision

#412 — October 9, 2019

Read on the Web

Frontend Focus

Supreme Court Hands Victory to Blind Man Who Sued Domino's Over Site Accessibility — Back in August we shared news that pizza company Domino’s was requesting for a lawsuit, requiring its website to be accessible to blind people, to be shut down. The Supreme Court has now denied that petition — a significant win for disability advocates.

Tucker Higgins

ASPIRE: Ideals to Aspire to When Building Websites — In relation to the item above, here Scott makes the case that sites should aspire to be Accessible, Secure, Performant, Inclusive, Responsive and Ethical.

Scott Jehl

A Technical Deep Dive into FeathersJS — FeathersJS is easy to integrate, data agnostic, and highly customizable. Is it the holy grail of frameworks for realtime apps and APIs? This article puts Feathers through its paces and answers the question: when is FeathersJS too lightweight?

Ably sponsor

The Evolution of Web Content Management — A look at the evolution of web content management from the early days of the web to the headless, cloud-based CMS systems of today.

Brian Rinaldi

How to Read A Web Page Test Waterfall Chart — If like me, you often look at a waterfall chart and get a bit lost as to what it all means, you’ll find this to be a handy reference, explaining it all in very accessible way.

Matt Hobbs

💻 Jobs

React JS Developer (Remote) — We’re looking for an ambitious React developer to help us make komoot the place to go to plan outdoor adventures.

KOMOOT

Mobile App Developer Wanted for High-Growth Fundraising Platform — This company has a big vision, and everyone embraces it, not because it’s a weird cult or something, but only because it’s ethical and cool.

CareersJS

Find A Job Through Vettery — Vettery specializes in tech roles and is completely free for job seekers. Create a profile to get started.

Vettery

📙 Articles, Tutorials & Opinion

Avoid 100vh On Mobile Web — If you’re using viewport units in CSS to style an element to take up the full screen height (using height: 100vh), you may want to reconsider. David recommends an alternative approach using JavaScript.

David Chanin

An Interview with an 'Adult Site' Developer — Now this won’t be for everyone, but regardless of your stance, this is an interesting look into the decisions behind the tech choices and how they all work at one of the web’s largest adult sites.

David Walsh

Clipping, Clipping, and More Clipping! — An exploration of how the CSS clip-path property can be used to create interesting effects.

Mikael Ainalem

The React Hooks Guide: In-Depth Tutorial with Examples. Start Learning — Learn all about React Hooks as we comprehensively cover: State and Effects, Context, Reducers, and Custom React Hooks.

Progress KendoReact sponsor

Retro Nostalgia & Why My New Website Looks Like Windows 98 — This developer was feeling “particularly nostalgic for the days of Geocities and floppy disks” so created a new (and well-realised) Windows 98-style personal site paying homage to such an ‘idealized past’. Here’s the UI library behind it.

Ash Kyd

Verify Phone Numbers On The Web with The SMS Receiver API — It’s still early days for this API, but here’s an initial look at how the planned SMS Receiver API will work.

Eiji Kitamura

How to Build a Progressive Web App (PWA) with only Vanilla JS — Bring a native-like experience to your webapps with this grab bag of techniques including styling, fonts, Service Workers, and creating a manifest file.

Sayan Mondal

▶  Accessibility in Web Standards and Its Future in Software. Listen Now

Heroku sponsorpodcast

Spacing, Grids and Layouts: Creating a Spatial System — How to define baseline grids, column grids, spacing and layouts.

Elliot Dahl

Trying to Make Sense of Gmail CSS Support — As an email publisher this sort of knowledge can prove invaluable…

Rémi Parmentier

💡 Tip of the Week

supported by

Defining quotation styles with the <q> tag

When styling your site you may be happy with the "default, straight quotation style", but if you're keen on getting your typography just right then there is a way to ensure your quotation marks are “smart” via CSS.

As explained here, the HTML <q> element signals that the contained text is a short inline quotation. Most browsers implement this by surrounding the text in "quotation marks". You can, however, add a style to modify what automatically appears around the text:

q {  quotes: "“" "”"; }

It may be hard to make out in email, but this rule will wrap your inline quote with alternative 'smart' quotation marks. This blog post expands on how this simple tip can be used for multilingual sites, such as using differing quotation rules for different languages (like German).

Another idea is outlined in this recent blog post from Michael Lazarski, who shows how this technique can even be used with emoji for an 🙌 altogether different 🙌 approach.

This Tip of the Week is sponsored by Flatiron School, where you can learn software engineering, data science, or UX/UI design in just 15 weeks online or on campus.

🔧 Code, Tools & Resources

moveable: A Library for Dragging, Resizing, Scaling and More — If you want to manipulate an element in any way (warping, pinching, rotating, etc) this library can probably help. Demo here.

Daybrush (Younkue Choi)

Facebook Design: Images and Sketch Files of Popular Devices — These sort of collections always prove handy to have stored away in your bookmarks.

Facebook

AniX: A 'Super Easy and Lightweight' CSS Animation Library

AniX

   🗓 Upcoming Events

Accessibility Scotland, October 25 — Edinburgh, UK — One day of talks. Friendly, open discussion about accessibility.

Performance Now, November 21-22 — Amsterdam, Netherlands — A single track conference with fourteen world-class speakers, covering the most important web performance insights.

VueConfTO 2019, November 11-12 — Toronto, Canada — First ever Vue Conference in Canada. Biggest in North America, with great workshops and talks.

Frontend Con, November 26-27 — Warsaw, Poland — Brings together 30+ top experts with over 500 experienced frontend pros from all over the world.

by via Frontend Focus https://ift.tt/2AY6PLu

[egg-tart-reddit]

I wanted to share some Front End practice interview questions, after interviewing and finding it nothing like Leetcode via /r/webdev

I wanted to share some Front End practice interview questions, after interviewing and finding it nothing like Leetcode

I recently spent some time preparing for Front End interviews and found the suggested 'Software Engineer' interview prep pretty lacking: the common advice is to spend most of your time grinding Leetcode and, for Front End interviews, get ready for countless trivia-style questions.

After half a dozen interviews with Bay Area companies, I personally experienced just one Leetcode-style algorithmic question (a pretty basic graph question) and zero FE trivia questions.

My interview experience was roughly: 25% culture fit, 25% system design/experience (e.g. discussing a project I worked on and choices I made), and 50% practical Front End coding.

This also matches my experience as an interviewer at my previous company, where we phased out both algorithmic and trivia questions (in favor of practical FE coding) after finding they were poor indicators of future success.

IMPORTANT NOTE: your experience may vary, especially with companies based in other states or countries!

I feel like there's a huge lack of practice questions suited for practical Front End interviews, so I wanted to share a handful of my favorite Front End coding practice questions (with slight variations) that came up for me. But first, a few tips for getting the most out of these practice questions:

Use codepen.io - I was asked to use this in nearly every interview. Get familiar with the environment: shortcuts, layouts, how to add libraries, etc

Read the question prompt, and think about what clarifying questions you might ask in a real interview (e.g. unclear requirements, edge cases you might need to account for)

Run through the question once with a time limit. After completing, review your approach: what went well, did you get stuck on any specific parts, what could be improved, etc

Complete the question and think about how you could refactor it for readability, extensibility, re-usability, and performance

Come back to the question later and try it again, but this time using a different approach. e.g. vanilla JS vs framework, React class components vs hooks

Front End coding practice questions

Data fetching and visualization

Prompt: retrieve a list of numbers from an endpoint, then plot a histogram showing the frequency of each number in the list. The histogram should have appropriately numbered x and y axes

In the example below, the list contained 24 ones, 17 twos, 30 threes, and so on.

https://preview.redd.it/jvxwpf13i3d51.png?width=1684&format=png&auto=webp&s=18a86709d03fa6885a5afddf0b7133d17524f6fe

Time limit: 40 minutes

Hints

There are three main parts to this question: fetching the data, manipulating the data (i.e. into a format that can be visualized as a histogram), and drawing the histogram. Start by considering at a high-level how each of these will work

After fetching the data, you should have an array of numbers. Think about what format you need the data to be in to make it easier to draw the chart

Consider using reduce to convert your list of numbers to an object of { number: frequency of that number }

How are you going to draw the chart? If you decide to use plain HTML with some styling, think about what the HTML structure will look like (e.g. how will you draw the axis, how will you dynamically size the bars, etc)

Possible extensions

Ensure your histogram displays correctly with extremes, e.g. how does it handle very high frequencies of a single number, what about negative numbers?

Use different colors for each bar in the histogram

Add a button to refetch/regenerate the data (the endpoint will return random numbers each time)

On hovering over a bar in the histogram, change the color and show a label above the bar with the precise value

You may notice that the random.org URL takes query parameters that will change the numbers generated: include a form that will dynamically generate the URL to provide a different set of numbers (e.g. more numbers, min/max value)

​

Image carousel

Prompt: create an image carousel that cycles through images fetched from an endpoint (displaying a new image every 3 seconds), and allows the user to skip to the next/previous image

The example endpoint contains images within the response as follows:

{ data: { children: [ { data: { url_overridden_by_dest: "*.jpg" } }, ... ] } }

Below is a mockup of what the UI should look like (the carousel should be horizontally centered, with at least some top margin):

https://preview.redd.it/48tq1gbbi3d51.png?width=1686&format=png&auto=webp&s=a8addd3473d64361bb1d7d2cd566ee6dd924e3f4

Time limit: 60 minutes

Hints

As with the previous question, start by thinking about what the main parts of this question are and how to tackle them at a high-level: fetching the data, getting the image URLs from the response, displaying an image, automatically cycling through the images, and allowing the user to go forward and back through the images

There are two ways you could start: stub the endpoint and fully build out the component first (e.g. create a static array of image URLs to use for testing), or fetch the data first and then build the component

Make sure that the data fetching and extraction of the image URLs is cleanly separated from the code that displays the interactive carousel component. Ideally, the carousel component itself should just accept an array of image URL strings

Possible extensions

When the user presses next/previous, make sure that the timer resets

After the last image, make sure the image cycles back to the first

Add image selector circles. The highlighted circle should have the same index of the current image, and the user should be able to click on a circle to jump to that image

https://preview.redd.it/7w5jccmdi3d51.png?width=1026&format=png&auto=webp&s=d97550bbb7444a124ce5aaf118c0f16d90cf4469

Allow the user to select from a (static) list of subreddits to change the cycled images

Allow the user to see top images from the day, week, month, year, or all time by dynamically appending a query param to the URL: e.g. https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/top/.json?t=day (or t=week, t=month, t=year, t=all)

​

Snake game

Prompt: Create a Snake game (example) that meets the following requirements:

15x15 grid

Snake should be controlled with cursor keys (or WASD if you prefer)

Snake should start with a length of 3

One apple at a time should appear in a random position on the grid. When collected, it should increase the score by one, increase the snake length by one, and change to another random position

Display a score for how many apples have been collected

If the snake head collides with the rest of the body, the game should end

If the snake head collides with the borders, the game should end

https://preview.redd.it/v2eqcztfi3d51.png?width=594&format=png&auto=webp&s=3bb3c82528158bde1024cd69a2c18a13e61de3eb

Time limit: 60 minutes

Hints

This is a pretty open-ended question with many different approaches (e.g. HTML canvas, vanilla JS with styled DIVs, framework). Think about the tradeoffs of each, and how you can decouple the model (the game state, logic, and main loop) from the view (how you take that state and render it to the screen)

Begin by thinking about how you will represent the game state

One simple way to represent the game state would be: current apple position as {x,y}, snake body as an array of positions [{x,y},{x,y},...], and score as a number

Build the features very incrementally (planning the order in which you'll tackle them), and test constantly. Start by just getting a single square moving around the grid

Possible extensions

When the game is over, display a game over message with the score and allow the user to press space to restart

As well as the current score, display the player's high score (you could also persist this with localStorage

Before the game starts, display an intro message (e.g. game title, controls, high score) and wait for the player to press a key

Consider ways to increase the difficulty over time (or add selectable difficulty modes): increasing the speed of the snake, adding random obstacles

At this point, you have a pretty complete game: congratulations!

​

More questions?

I have a bunch more practice questions, but it takes a little time to rewrite them in such a way as to test the same concepts and be of similar scope, while also being different enough from the original question asked (while I didn't sign any NDAs, I have been on the other side of the interviewing fence and it's frustrating when your exact question appears on Glassdoor).

If even a few people find these practice questions helpful, I'll spend some time writing and sharing more. Also, if anyone knows of a good repository of Front End practice questions then please share!

Submitted July 27, 2020 at 09:00AM by jayrobin via reddit https://ift.tt/2BzwQ7P

[dinafbrownil]

Is A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Coming?

As Americans continue to grapple with the novel coronavirus, one question is on a lot of people’s minds: Are we already seeing, or will we eventually see, a second wave of the virus?

On June 16, Vice President Mike Pence penned an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal headlined, “There Isn’t a Coronavirus ‘Second Wave,’” where he said the country was better off than media reports suggested.

Yet the same day, in an interview with the same newspaper, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top federal infectious disease expert, threw cold water on Pence’s assertion by warning of a possible resurgence. “People keep talking about a second wave,” he said. “We’re still in a first wave.”

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Defining a coronavirus “wave” is somewhat more art than science, but other scientists looking at the number of new daily infections echo Fauci’s caution.

The number of new daily infections (as seen in this chart) declined by only about one-third between its peak in early March and its most recent low point in early June. And since early June, the data shows an upward spike, approaching where it stood at that peak.

!function(e,i,n,s){var t="InfogramEmbeds",d=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(window[t]&&window[t].initialized)window[t].process&&window[t].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var o=e.createElement("script");o.async=1,o.id=n,o.src="https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed-loader-min.js",d.parentNode.insertBefore(o,d)}}(document,0,"infogram-async");

We checked with experts to better understand what wave we’re currently in, what the outlook is for a possible new wave, and what, if anything, we can learn from the history of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was the last major pandemic in the United States. Here’s what we found.

Are We Out Of The First Wave Yet?

There’s no official definition of when a “wave” begins or ends but, generally speaking, it requires a peak in infections followed by a substantial reduction. A new rise and peak would signal the start of another wave.

“It is probably not realistic for the number of new cases to drop to zero, but ideally one would like to see sustained decreases in the number of new cases over time or stability in the number of new cases over time,” said Nicole Gatto, an associate professor in the School of Community and Global Health at Claremont Graduate University in California.

The chart above, showing the national picture, suggests there was an easing in the number of new cases, but not a large drop prior to the current spike, scientists say. And certain states have not come close to finishing their first wave.

“Some places, such as New York and Boston, have what appears to be a clear first peak or wave,” said Brooke Nichols, an assistant professor at Boston University’s School of Public Health. “Some places are still in the first wave.”

The following chart shows states that have experienced a first wave and substantially brought down their new infections.

!function(e,i,n,s){var t="InfogramEmbeds",d=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(window[t]&&window[t].initialized)window[t].process&&window[t].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var o=e.createElement("script");o.async=1,o.id=n,o.src="https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed-loader-min.js",d.parentNode.insertBefore(o,d)}}(document,0,"infogram-async");

Meanwhile, other states haven’t yet turned the corner on the first wave:

!function(e,i,n,s){var t="InfogramEmbeds",d=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(window[t]&&window[t].initialized)window[t].process&&window[t].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var o=e.createElement("script");o.async=1,o.id=n,o.src="https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed-loader-min.js",d.parentNode.insertBefore(o,d)}}(document,0,"infogram-async");

If you’re in a state that is still seeing an increase in cases, “it would not be accurate to talk about a second wave,” Gatto said. “What causes those peaks, and whether or not there will be more than one peak, as opposed to one continuous wave, will be human behavior and how humans react to what is going on around them.”

Were There Multiple Waves During The 1918 Influenza Epidemic?

There were at least three distinct waves of influenza in 1918 and 1919, which killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide. The pandemic was simultaneous with World War I, and the war is believed to have spread the virus around the globe more quickly than it otherwise would have.

The first wave began in March 1918 and eased by the summer. The second wave came in the fall, followed by a third wave during the winter and spring of 1919. Here’s a rough graphic from an academic paper showing the waves in deaths:

The first wave “was not very deadly,” said J. Alexander Navarro, assistant director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. “It was about as bad as ordinary strains of seasonal influenza that had been circulating up until that point.”

The second wave was the deadliest, and that may have been due to mutations that increased the virus’s lethality, although scientists say this is speculative and that such mutations more typically take much longer to develop and spread.

The second wave “slowed towards the end of November, in part because more stringent social distancing measures were put in place,” said Kenneth Davis, author of “More Deadly Than War: The Hidden History of the Spanish Flu and the First World War.” “When those were relaxed, a third wave commenced in the winter and spring of 1919.”

The third wave lasted into early March, and some suggest there was a fourth wave during the winter of 1920. Each was less deadly than the one before it, Navarro said, although there were regional differences in severity.

The decline in lethality after the second wave was probably shaped in part by the declining number of people who hadn’t already been infected, Navarro said. When infections in a population become sufficiently widespread, that can slow the further spread due to “herd immunity.”

How Much Can The 1918 Pandemic Tell Us About What To Expect Now?

While both pandemics involved an easily transmissible respiratory disease, there are some important differences that make the 1918 pandemic less helpful in predicting the course of the novel coronavirus.

One is that the 1918 outbreak involved influenza, which is caused by a different family of viruses than the coronavirus. This brings both good and bad news.

On the positive side, the coronavirus appears to be much more stable than the influenza virus, and thus less likely to mutate into a more deadly variant, said Ravina Kullar, an infectious disease specialist and adjunct faculty member at UCLA. The coronavirus’s “spike protein,” which enables it to attach to human cells and attack them, appears to be especially resistant to mutation.

On the downside, the coronavirus doesn’t seem to have a significant seasonal aspect. Influenza worsens as the weather gets colder but eases up during the warmer months. While we may have seen a reduction in coronavirus infections in recent weeks because more human interactions are moving outdoors, scientists don’t expect the same scale of seasonal drop-off for the coronavirus.

“What we’re seeing right now is that it’s not impacted by the climate,” Kullar said. “Warm and humid places like Mumbai and Indonesia have struggled with the virus, and in the United States, cases are rising in hot states like Arizona and Florida.”

The patterns in mutations and seasonality suggest that the coronavirus may not follow the wave patterns of the 1918 flu. Instead, the spread of the coronavirus may follow something more like a plateau, with spikes possible if social distancing isn’t adhered to fully.

There are other differences between now and 1918.

On the upside, we now know much more about viruses and public health, and science is able to devise targeted treatments and vaccines.

On the other hand, the world’s population is bigger and more densely packed. In 1918, the world’s population was smaller than 2 billion, while today it’s about 7.6 billion. Today, we also have commercial aviation, which can carry infected people around the world far faster than trains and ships could in 1918.

A bigger, denser, more mobile population means a greater chance for a virus to continue spreading.

In 1918, some cities saw an easing of the pandemic once they neared herd immunity, but that’s not going to be as helpful with the coronavirus. Because the coronavirus is more infectious than the 1918 virus, the percentage of the population needed to reach herd immunity has to be about 65% today, compared with about 35% in 1918.

“In 1918, they could get through the pandemic more quickly because of that, and even so, they did it with a staggering death toll,” Navarro said. “Today, the coronavirus will be with us for a lot longer.”

What Factors Could Cause A New Wave?

The biggest risk, scientists say, is a loosening of social distancing measures. A much larger portion of the economy today is engaged in consumer-driven commerce such as the restaurant and entertainment sector. This heightens the economic pressure to relax social distancing standards. But doing so could worsen the pandemic.

“In 1918, once measures were lifted, the population very quickly went back to life as normal, flocking to movies, shops and stores, dance halls and saloons,” Navarro said. “That led to another spike of cases in many cities.”

Nichols said a community’s past experience with the virus can make a difference. In Boston, where Nichols is based, “the first wave was relatively severe, and many people know someone who was personally affected by COVID or had a COVID-related death in the family,” she said. “That affects people’s behavior. In areas where epidemic growth has been slow, the urgency of changing one’s behavior is less.”

Nichols added that experiencing the summer, when people have the freedom to interact outdoors, could make it harder to practice social distancing in the colder months.

“I fear that people will continue their summer socializing patterns into the fall and winter, turning very low-risk interactions into relatively high-risk interactions,” she said.

from Updates By Dina https://khn.org/news/fact-check-is-a-second-wave-of-coronavirus-coming/

[gordonwilliamsweb]

Is A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Coming?

As Americans continue to grapple with the novel coronavirus, one question is on a lot of people’s minds: Are we already seeing, or will we eventually see, a second wave of the virus?

On June 16, Vice President Mike Pence penned an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal headlined, “There Isn’t a Coronavirus ‘Second Wave,’” where he said the country was better off than media reports suggested.

Yet the same day, in an interview with the same newspaper, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top federal infectious disease expert, threw cold water on Pence’s assertion by warning of a possible resurgence. “People keep talking about a second wave,” he said. “We’re still in a first wave.”

Email Sign-Up

Subscribe to KHN’s free Morning Briefing.

Sign Up

Please confirm your email address below:

Sign Up

Defining a coronavirus “wave” is somewhat more art than science, but other scientists looking at the number of new daily infections echo Fauci’s caution.

The number of new daily infections (as seen in this chart) declined by only about one-third between its peak in early March and its most recent low point in early June. And since early June, the data shows an upward spike, approaching where it stood at that peak.

!function(e,i,n,s){var t="InfogramEmbeds",d=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(window[t]&&window[t].initialized)window[t].process&&window[t].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var o=e.createElement("script");o.async=1,o.id=n,o.src="https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed-loader-min.js",d.parentNode.insertBefore(o,d)}}(document,0,"infogram-async");

We checked with experts to better understand what wave we’re currently in, what the outlook is for a possible new wave, and what, if anything, we can learn from the history of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was the last major pandemic in the United States. Here’s what we found.

Are We Out Of The First Wave Yet?

There’s no official definition of when a “wave” begins or ends but, generally speaking, it requires a peak in infections followed by a substantial reduction. A new rise and peak would signal the start of another wave.

“It is probably not realistic for the number of new cases to drop to zero, but ideally one would like to see sustained decreases in the number of new cases over time or stability in the number of new cases over time,” said Nicole Gatto, an associate professor in the School of Community and Global Health at Claremont Graduate University in California.

The chart above, showing the national picture, suggests there was an easing in the number of new cases, but not a large drop prior to the current spike, scientists say. And certain states have not come close to finishing their first wave.

“Some places, such as New York and Boston, have what appears to be a clear first peak or wave,” said Brooke Nichols, an assistant professor at Boston University’s School of Public Health. “Some places are still in the first wave.”

The following chart shows states that have experienced a first wave and substantially brought down their new infections.

!function(e,i,n,s){var t="InfogramEmbeds",d=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(window[t]&&window[t].initialized)window[t].process&&window[t].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var o=e.createElement("script");o.async=1,o.id=n,o.src="https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed-loader-min.js",d.parentNode.insertBefore(o,d)}}(document,0,"infogram-async");

Meanwhile, other states haven’t yet turned the corner on the first wave:

!function(e,i,n,s){var t="InfogramEmbeds",d=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(window[t]&&window[t].initialized)window[t].process&&window[t].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var o=e.createElement("script");o.async=1,o.id=n,o.src="https://e.infogram.com/js/dist/embed-loader-min.js",d.parentNode.insertBefore(o,d)}}(document,0,"infogram-async");

If you’re in a state that is still seeing an increase in cases, “it would not be accurate to talk about a second wave,” Gatto said. “What causes those peaks, and whether or not there will be more than one peak, as opposed to one continuous wave, will be human behavior and how humans react to what is going on around them.”

Were There Multiple Waves During The 1918 Influenza Epidemic?

There were at least three distinct waves of influenza in 1918 and 1919, which killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide. The pandemic was simultaneous with World War I, and the war is believed to have spread the virus around the globe more quickly than it otherwise would have.

The first wave began in March 1918 and eased by the summer. The second wave came in the fall, followed by a third wave during the winter and spring of 1919. Here’s a rough graphic from an academic paper showing the waves in deaths:

The first wave “was not very deadly,” said J. Alexander Navarro, assistant director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. “It was about as bad as ordinary strains of seasonal influenza that had been circulating up until that point.”

The second wave was the deadliest, and that may have been due to mutations that increased the virus’s lethality, although scientists say this is speculative and that such mutations more typically take much longer to develop and spread.

The second wave “slowed towards the end of November, in part because more stringent social distancing measures were put in place,” said Kenneth Davis, author of “More Deadly Than War: The Hidden History of the Spanish Flu and the First World War.” “When those were relaxed, a third wave commenced in the winter and spring of 1919.”

The third wave lasted into early March, and some suggest there was a fourth wave during the winter of 1920. Each was less deadly than the one before it, Navarro said, although there were regional differences in severity.

The decline in lethality after the second wave was probably shaped in part by the declining number of people who hadn’t already been infected, Navarro said. When infections in a population become sufficiently widespread, that can slow the further spread due to “herd immunity.”

How Much Can The 1918 Pandemic Tell Us About What To Expect Now?

While both pandemics involved an easily transmissible respiratory disease, there are some important differences that make the 1918 pandemic less helpful in predicting the course of the novel coronavirus.

One is that the 1918 outbreak involved influenza, which is caused by a different family of viruses than the coronavirus. This brings both good and bad news.

On the positive side, the coronavirus appears to be much more stable than the influenza virus, and thus less likely to mutate into a more deadly variant, said Ravina Kullar, an infectious disease specialist and adjunct faculty member at UCLA. The coronavirus’s “spike protein,” which enables it to attach to human cells and attack them, appears to be especially resistant to mutation.

On the downside, the coronavirus doesn’t seem to have a significant seasonal aspect. Influenza worsens as the weather gets colder but eases up during the warmer months. While we may have seen a reduction in coronavirus infections in recent weeks because more human interactions are moving outdoors, scientists don’t expect the same scale of seasonal drop-off for the coronavirus.

“What we’re seeing right now is that it’s not impacted by the climate,” Kullar said. “Warm and humid places like Mumbai and Indonesia have struggled with the virus, and in the United States, cases are rising in hot states like Arizona and Florida.”

The patterns in mutations and seasonality suggest that the coronavirus may not follow the wave patterns of the 1918 flu. Instead, the spread of the coronavirus may follow something more like a plateau, with spikes possible if social distancing isn’t adhered to fully.

There are other differences between now and 1918.

On the upside, we now know much more about viruses and public health, and science is able to devise targeted treatments and vaccines.

On the other hand, the world’s population is bigger and more densely packed. In 1918, the world’s population was smaller than 2 billion, while today it’s about 7.6 billion. Today, we also have commercial aviation, which can carry infected people around the world far faster than trains and ships could in 1918.

A bigger, denser, more mobile population means a greater chance for a virus to continue spreading.

In 1918, some cities saw an easing of the pandemic once they neared herd immunity, but that’s not going to be as helpful with the coronavirus. Because the coronavirus is more infectious than the 1918 virus, the percentage of the population needed to reach herd immunity has to be about 65% today, compared with about 35% in 1918.

“In 1918, they could get through the pandemic more quickly because of that, and even so, they did it with a staggering death toll,” Navarro said. “Today, the coronavirus will be with us for a lot longer.”

What Factors Could Cause A New Wave?

The biggest risk, scientists say, is a loosening of social distancing measures. A much larger portion of the economy today is engaged in consumer-driven commerce such as the restaurant and entertainment sector. This heightens the economic pressure to relax social distancing standards. But doing so could worsen the pandemic.

“In 1918, once measures were lifted, the population very quickly went back to life as normal, flocking to movies, shops and stores, dance halls and saloons,” Navarro said. “That led to another spike of cases in many cities.”

Nichols said a community’s past experience with the virus can make a difference. In Boston, where Nichols is based, “the first wave was relatively severe, and many people know someone who was personally affected by COVID or had a COVID-related death in the family,” she said. “That affects people’s behavior. In areas where epidemic growth has been slow, the urgency of changing one’s behavior is less.”

Nichols added that experiencing the summer, when people have the freedom to interact outdoors, could make it harder to practice social distancing in the colder months.

“I fear that people will continue their summer socializing patterns into the fall and winter, turning very low-risk interactions into relatively high-risk interactions,” she said.

Is A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Coming? published first on https://nootropicspowdersupplier.tumblr.com/

[stephenmccull]

Is A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Coming?

As Americans continue to grapple with the novel coronavirus, one question is on a lot of people’s minds: Are we already seeing, or will we eventually see, a second wave of the virus?

On June 16, Vice President Mike Pence penned an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal headlined, “There Isn’t a Coronavirus ‘Second Wave,’” where he said the country was better off than media reports suggested.

Yet the same day, in an interview with the same newspaper, Dr. Anthony Fauci, the top federal infectious disease expert, threw cold water on Pence’s assertion by warning of a possible resurgence. “People keep talking about a second wave,” he said. “We’re still in a first wave.”

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Defining a coronavirus “wave” is somewhat more art than science, but other scientists looking at the number of new daily infections echo Fauci’s caution.

The number of new daily infections (as seen in this chart) declined by only about one-third between its peak in early March and its most recent low point in early June. And since early June, the data shows an upward spike, approaching where it stood at that peak.

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We checked with experts to better understand what wave we’re currently in, what the outlook is for a possible new wave, and what, if anything, we can learn from the history of the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was the last major pandemic in the United States. Here’s what we found.

Are We Out Of The First Wave Yet?

There’s no official definition of when a “wave” begins or ends but, generally speaking, it requires a peak in infections followed by a substantial reduction. A new rise and peak would signal the start of another wave.

“It is probably not realistic for the number of new cases to drop to zero, but ideally one would like to see sustained decreases in the number of new cases over time or stability in the number of new cases over time,” said Nicole Gatto, an associate professor in the School of Community and Global Health at Claremont Graduate University in California.

The chart above, showing the national picture, suggests there was an easing in the number of new cases, but not a large drop prior to the current spike, scientists say. And certain states have not come close to finishing their first wave.

“Some places, such as New York and Boston, have what appears to be a clear first peak or wave,” said Brooke Nichols, an assistant professor at Boston University’s School of Public Health. “Some places are still in the first wave.”

The following chart shows states that have experienced a first wave and substantially brought down their new infections.

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Meanwhile, other states haven’t yet turned the corner on the first wave:

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If you’re in a state that is still seeing an increase in cases, “it would not be accurate to talk about a second wave,” Gatto said. “What causes those peaks, and whether or not there will be more than one peak, as opposed to one continuous wave, will be human behavior and how humans react to what is going on around them.”

Were There Multiple Waves During The 1918 Influenza Epidemic?

There were at least three distinct waves of influenza in 1918 and 1919, which killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide. The pandemic was simultaneous with World War I, and the war is believed to have spread the virus around the globe more quickly than it otherwise would have.

The first wave began in March 1918 and eased by the summer. The second wave came in the fall, followed by a third wave during the winter and spring of 1919. Here’s a rough graphic from an academic paper showing the waves in deaths:

The first wave “was not very deadly,” said J. Alexander Navarro, assistant director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. “It was about as bad as ordinary strains of seasonal influenza that had been circulating up until that point.”

The second wave was the deadliest, and that may have been due to mutations that increased the virus’s lethality, although scientists say this is speculative and that such mutations more typically take much longer to develop and spread.

The second wave “slowed towards the end of November, in part because more stringent social distancing measures were put in place,” said Kenneth Davis, author of “More Deadly Than War: The Hidden History of the Spanish Flu and the First World War.” “When those were relaxed, a third wave commenced in the winter and spring of 1919.”

The third wave lasted into early March, and some suggest there was a fourth wave during the winter of 1920. Each was less deadly than the one before it, Navarro said, although there were regional differences in severity.

The decline in lethality after the second wave was probably shaped in part by the declining number of people who hadn’t already been infected, Navarro said. When infections in a population become sufficiently widespread, that can slow the further spread due to “herd immunity.”

How Much Can The 1918 Pandemic Tell Us About What To Expect Now?

While both pandemics involved an easily transmissible respiratory disease, there are some important differences that make the 1918 pandemic less helpful in predicting the course of the novel coronavirus.

One is that the 1918 outbreak involved influenza, which is caused by a different family of viruses than the coronavirus. This brings both good and bad news.

On the positive side, the coronavirus appears to be much more stable than the influenza virus, and thus less likely to mutate into a more deadly variant, said Ravina Kullar, an infectious disease specialist and adjunct faculty member at UCLA. The coronavirus’s “spike protein,” which enables it to attach to human cells and attack them, appears to be especially resistant to mutation.

On the downside, the coronavirus doesn’t seem to have a significant seasonal aspect. Influenza worsens as the weather gets colder but eases up during the warmer months. While we may have seen a reduction in coronavirus infections in recent weeks because more human interactions are moving outdoors, scientists don’t expect the same scale of seasonal drop-off for the coronavirus.

“What we’re seeing right now is that it’s not impacted by the climate,” Kullar said. “Warm and humid places like Mumbai and Indonesia have struggled with the virus, and in the United States, cases are rising in hot states like Arizona and Florida.”

The patterns in mutations and seasonality suggest that the coronavirus may not follow the wave patterns of the 1918 flu. Instead, the spread of the coronavirus may follow something more like a plateau, with spikes possible if social distancing isn’t adhered to fully.

There are other differences between now and 1918.

On the upside, we now know much more about viruses and public health, and science is able to devise targeted treatments and vaccines.

On the other hand, the world’s population is bigger and more densely packed. In 1918, the world’s population was smaller than 2 billion, while today it’s about 7.6 billion. Today, we also have commercial aviation, which can carry infected people around the world far faster than trains and ships could in 1918.

A bigger, denser, more mobile population means a greater chance for a virus to continue spreading.

In 1918, some cities saw an easing of the pandemic once they neared herd immunity, but that’s not going to be as helpful with the coronavirus. Because the coronavirus is more infectious than the 1918 virus, the percentage of the population needed to reach herd immunity has to be about 65% today, compared with about 35% in 1918.

“In 1918, they could get through the pandemic more quickly because of that, and even so, they did it with a staggering death toll,” Navarro said. “Today, the coronavirus will be with us for a lot longer.”

What Factors Could Cause A New Wave?

The biggest risk, scientists say, is a loosening of social distancing measures. A much larger portion of the economy today is engaged in consumer-driven commerce such as the restaurant and entertainment sector. This heightens the economic pressure to relax social distancing standards. But doing so could worsen the pandemic.

“In 1918, once measures were lifted, the population very quickly went back to life as normal, flocking to movies, shops and stores, dance halls and saloons,” Navarro said. “That led to another spike of cases in many cities.”

Nichols said a community’s past experience with the virus can make a difference. In Boston, where Nichols is based, “the first wave was relatively severe, and many people know someone who was personally affected by COVID or had a COVID-related death in the family,” she said. “That affects people’s behavior. In areas where epidemic growth has been slow, the urgency of changing one’s behavior is less.”

Nichols added that experiencing the summer, when people have the freedom to interact outdoors, could make it harder to practice social distancing in the colder months.

“I fear that people will continue their summer socializing patterns into the fall and winter, turning very low-risk interactions into relatively high-risk interactions,” she said.

Is A Second Wave Of Coronavirus Coming? published first on https://smartdrinkingweb.weebly.com/

[maritzaerwin]

A Complete Guide to Hiring JavaScript Developers

Javascript is a fundamental language for building web applications. This programming language can handle a lot of tasks. Plugin development, complicated animations, and even back-end development are done with the help of Javascript.

But before you begin to build your web application, you have to find an experienced developer. Easier said than done because the demand for web development is high, and companies try to attract qualified developers by any means.

That’s why this article is intended to shed some light on how to hire a JavaScript programmer.

JavaScript Developers Roles

JavaScript is a self-sufficient language that can single-handedly deal with every challenge on the way to web application development. Because of its extensive functionality, JavaScript developers are divided into roles according to their skills.

 Let’s take a closer look at the developer’s responsibilities.

1) Front-end JavaScript Developers

The responsibility of a front-end developer is to create a user-friendly interface for a web application. Their top favorite tools are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. When developing the design of your web app, you should take several challenges into account.

One of them is a variety of screen resolutions. Front-end programmers should consider this nuance and develop adaptive UX design.

Another one, JavaScript is a high-level programming language that executes its processes on a client’s computer. Therefore, it’s optimization leaves something to be desired. That’s why developers should avoid irrelevant pieces of code and think beforehand.

2) Back-end Javascript Developers

Further, you’ll have to find a person who will manage a server-side part of the project. Usually, back-end developers’ concern is a server, a database, and an application. So, this developer should be experienced in Node.js. This framework executes code outside of the client’s browser. Also, this position requires solid experience with databases such as SQL or MongoDB.

3) Full-stack JavaScript Developers

Lastly, you need a jack-of-all-trades. That’s where full-stack developers appear. Whenever you need to build a quick prototype, they’re the best in it. Still, when developing some complicated design features or creating a database architecture, you shouldn’t rely entirely on full-stack developers. It’s better to pass specific requests to specialists in the required field.

JavaScript Developers and their responsibilities

Obviously, different roles are engaged in different sets of activities. It’s time to learn what kind of tasks every specialist is responsible for.

1) Front-end JavaScript Developer:

Developing UX-friendly design of an application.

Creating optimized solutions.

Perform unit-testing of different parts of code.

Documenting JavaScript, HTML, and CSS code

Cooperate with testers to eliminate bugs and exceptions.

Cooperate with the back-end developers while building the RESTful API.

2) Back-end JavaScript Developer:

Optimizing server-side code to grant the fastest server-client response.

Integrating user-facing sections with the server.

Perform testing of Node.js based services.

Cooperating with the front-end team.

Keeping in touch with DevOps to monitor the server’s condition.

3) Full-stack JavaScript Developer:

Working with both front-end and back-end.

Designing architectures.

Creating initial prototypes.

Javascript Developers and Stack of Technologies

Now, as we discussed roles and duties, let’s get to the requirements for the skills.

a) Front-end Javascript Developer

Front-end engineers create the basic layout, semantic UI by using HTML5 and CSS3. To complement the formed base, developers should understand how to use Angular, React, Vue.js, or other frameworks. Also, to bring workflow to an order, engineers should know Web pack and Git.

b) Back-end Javascript Developer

JavaScript supplies engineers with a powerful tool for server-side development — Node.js. Alongside Express.js or Koa.js, it becomes incredibly efficient. To deal with databases, developers should have experience with SQL or MongoDB. As for API building, GraphQL or REST are good solutions, so your candidate should be acquainted at least with one of these technologies.

c) Full-stack Javascript Developer

As it was mentioned before, full-stack developers can deal with both front-end and back-end. But, they need to have proper experience with the majority of technologies listed previously.

Things to Pay Attention While Interviewing Javascript Developers

Apart from the tech stack, your future employee should have some basic skill set that every specialist should have. Let’s get through it.

Problem-solving skills — It’s important not to panic with the first sign of problems, keep sane, and search for a solution.

Creativity — If your candidate can come up with an alternative solution and see those details which no one else can see, he can become a valuable engineer in the future.

Teamwork — Javascript developers depend on other departments while working on a project. They have to keep in touch with QA engineers, DevOps, etc. So, it’s significant to have established cooperation in your company.

Follow trends— Developers you hire should keep pace with fast-evolving technologies. That will give you advantages that brand new technologies bring into the sphere of web applications. So, make sure the candidate is acquainted with a couple of trendy programming languages and frameworks.

Now, let’s find out what to ask engineers during the interview.

How to Examine Hard Skills?

It’s impossible to imagine a JS developer who doesn’t know what prototype inheritance is. This definition may seem weird to you, but the average JS engineer should know the answer. To do a successful interview, you should have a list of questions. And most importantly, you should know what the answers are.

Here’s an example of questions for a JavaScript developer:

How to organize your code to ease the life of your colleagues?

What is the Observer pattern? Pros and cons of the Observer pattern.

What’s the difference between Relational DB and NoSQL?

What is function hoisting? Let’s talk about two ways of creating a function.

How to Examine Soft Skills?

Alongside hard skills, developers should have a pack of soft skills. They will improve their effectiveness in the workplace.

These questions will help you to understand your candidate better:

Tell about an important goal in your life and what efforts did it take you to reach it.

Were there some situations where you had to apply unusual programming methods during the projects? What was the outcome of this situation?

Were there any conflicts in your team? How did you get through them? How did you feel about the conflicts?

Places to Search for and Hire Javascript Developers

Today, the IT market provides plenty of platforms to hire JS developers that will match all of your expectations.

You have several options on how to staff your team:

Hire freelance JS developers.

Create your own team to work in the office.

Engage the services of an outsourced company.

Each course of events will lead to some advantages and disadvantages. So, it’s better to be informed about them beforehand.

1) Freelance JavaScript Engineers

Freelance is a trendy way to make a living today. A lot of developers prefer to be involved in the project remotely rather than spend their time in the office. They offer their services through special websites. I propose you to look at both sides of this two-headed coin.

Pros of Hiring JavaScript Engineers:

 Freelance engineers are decent for developing small sections of the global project. Plus, they are usually the cheapest bid on the market. Thus, that may be a good idea to take the load off your main team bypassing a part of the work to freelancers.

Cons of Hiring JavaScript Engineers:

If you intend to hire freelancers as the development core of your project, prepare to assess their development skills yourself. You’ll have tough times to do that unless you’re an experienced developer yourself.

Furthermore, when planning on building a large project, take into account that it’ll not be enough to hire only one freelancer. A team of freelancers hired separately will face communication obstacles. The point is your team members may be located in different time zones, that’s why teamwork may be violated.

Moreover, it takes some time to get along with each other. Finally, developers can deliver the project with a lot of bugs or even disappear when they get their prepayment. In this case, all that remains is wasted time and a furious review on a freelance platform.

2) An In-house Team of Developers

Another option is hiring an internal development team. Thus, your employees will work in the office, and you’ll be able to monitor all the processes related to the project.

Pros of Hiring In-house JavaScript Developers:

If you’re not going to stop at a single project, then it’s better off thinking about long-term cooperation. You’ll be able to hire rookies, which in the future will master software engineering and stay loyal to your company (if you’ll treat them properly, of course). Furthermore, you won’t be abandoned by a half-functioning project. The in-house team will fix bugs and develop updates faster than whoever else.

Cons of Hiring In-house JavaScript Developers:

On the other hand, if you don’t have long-term prospects, an internal team may be very time and resource consuming. You have to manage the hiring process and make sure that every developer will find the right place in your company. ]]Also, experienced developers will expect you to pay a lot of money even if there were no tasks for them for a period of time. Lastly, you should keep in mind some side expenses like office rent, taxes, hardware and software purchases, etc.

3) Outsourced Team of JavaScript Developers

Today, a large number of companies prefer to use the services of outsourcing software development teams. This is where you can find a balance between the price, time frames, and quality. There are many offers available on the outsourcing market. Currently, Ukraine IT outsourcing, as well as Indian, has the biggest influence on the market. The reason is that vendors from these countries offer the most attractive price and a quality product.

So, how does outsourcing work? Someone has already built a team instead of you. All you have to do is to hire them, discuss the project requirements, and monitor how work is getting done.

Pros of Outsourced Team of JavaScript Developers:

The outsourced team of developers is able to build a project in the shortest period of time, among all of the listed options, and offers attractive prices. Also, the size of the team will be adjusted to the needs of your project, so you don’t have to pay for the extra workforce. Such companies always have a project manager who’s fluent in English.

Therefore, there won’t be any speech barrier when you want to inquire about the state of your order.

Cons of Outsourced Team of JavaScript Developers:

As well as with freelancers, you may find it hard to monitor the development process because of the time zones. Another one is client treatment. For now, outsourcing services in Asia are slightly cheaper than in Eastern Europe, for example.

But there were plenty of cases when Asian outsource IT companies didn’t meet their deadlines, that in result, cost a penny for their clients. Still, when chosen the right way, outsource IT companies are the most balanced option for quality solution delivery.

Wrapping up this section, we can see that the outsource development company is the best way for solution development in case of short-term cooperation. If you’re thinking about developing several projects, then it seems like the in-house team is your choice. What about freelancers, I can recommend them for the development of small parts of your project.

Javascript Developer Rates

When it comes to rates, things become a little bit controversial. We have to divide developers by hiring options(in-house developer, freelancer, outsource team member) and take into consideration their country of residence. Let’s try to figure it out together.

How Much Do Freelancer JavaScript Developers Charge for Their Services?

Because of the unstandardized workflow, freelancers prefer to estimate the price for their services by counting working hours.

REGIONPRICE PER HOUR ($) USA$81 to $100 Latin America$61 to $80 Asia & Pacific$61 to $80 Eastern Europe$61 to $80

As it’s seen, most high-priced developers are from the US. Others are more affordable. So, the daily price of a developer from Latin America or Asia, for an eight hour working day, is around $488-600.

How Much In-house Javascript Developers Charge?

At this moment, things become slightly different. The main question is how much money you’re ready to pay to stay competitive as an employer.

From now, we will talk about the average salaries that internal engineers gain in the USA and UK. So, the average JavaScript programmer gains $112,000 per year in the US. Junior specialists can count on approximately $40,000 salary while experienced senior specialists can earn up to $215,000 per year.

In England, the average in-house team will be more affordable. An ordinary developer earns £45,000 per year. Junior specialists’ salary starts at £25,000, while senior JS engineers can get up to £70,000 a year.

How Much Do Outsourced Agency Javascript Developers Charge?

Now, it’s time for the final category of developers. The overall situation is similar to freelance developers. The US has the highest rates, while Asia and Eastern Europe are the cheapest.

REGIONMIN. $/hMAX. $/hAVG. $/h Americas$130 $150$140 Latin America$30$50$40 Asia$18$40$29 Eastern Europe $25$50$38

Wrapping up

I hope this article brought some understanding of the hiring process of JavaScript developers. No matter what hiring option you choose, always remember to ascertain your candidate’s knowledge and integrity. Also, try to avoid outsourced development companies with untrustworthy reviews.

Additional Resources:

A Complete Guide to Hiring Front-End Developers

A Complete Guide to Hiring AngularJS Developers

A Complete Guide to Hiring Dedicated Developers

A Complete Guide to Hiring iOS App Developers

A Complete Guide to Hiring Node.js Developers 

  The post A Complete Guide to Hiring JavaScript Developers appeared first on CareerMetis.com.

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