#Test Bank Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 11th Edition Solution | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

edwardsherwood-blog · 7 years ago

Text

Test Bank Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 11th Edition Solution

For Order This And Any Other Test

Banks And Solutions Manuals, Course,

Assignments, Discussions, Quizzes, Exams,

Chapter 1

Database Systems

Discussion Focus

How often have your students heard that “you have only one chance to make a good first impression?” That’s why it’s so important to sell the importance of databases and the desirability of good database design during the first class session.

Start by showing your students that they interact with databases on a daily basis. For example, how many of them have bought anything using a credit card during the past day, week, month, or year? None of those transactions would be possible without a database. How many have shipped a document or a package via an overnight service or via certified or registered mail? How many have checked course catalogs and class schedules online? And surely all of your students registered for your class? Did anybody use a web search engine to look for – and find – information about almost anything? This point is easy to make: Databases are important because we depend on their existence to perform countless transactions and to provide information.

If you are teaching in a classroom equipped with computers, give some “live” performances. For example, you can use the web to look up a few insurance quotes or compare car prices and models. Incidentally, this is a good place to make the very important distinction between data and information. In short, spend some time discussing the points made in Section 1.1, "Why Databases?" and Section 1.2 “Data vs. Information.”

After demonstrating that modern daily life is almost inconceivable without the ever-present databases, discuss how important it is that the (database) transactions are made successfully, accurately, and quickly. That part of the discussion points to the importance of database design, which is at the heart of this book. If you want to have the keys to the information kingdom, you’ll want to know about database design and implementation. And, of course, databases don’t manage themselves … and that point leads to the importance of the database administration (DBA) function. There is a world of exciting database employment opportunities out there.

After discussing why databases, database design, and database administration are important, you can move through the remainder of the chapter to develop the necessary vocabulary and concepts. The review questions help you do that … and the problems provide the chance to test the newfound knowledge.

Answers to Review Questions

1. Discuss each of the following terms:

a. data

Raw facts from which the required information is derived. Data have little meaning unless they are grouped in a logical manner.

b. field

A character or a group of characters (numeric or alphanumeric) that describes a specific characteristic. A field may define a telephone number, a date, or other specific characteristics that the end user wants to keep track of.

c. record

A logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, event, or thing. For example, a CUSTOMER record may be composed of the fields CUST_NUMBER, CUST_LNAME, CUST_FNAME, CUST_INITIAL, CUST_ADDRESS, CUST_CITY, CUST_STATE, CUST_ZIPCODE, CUST_AREACODE, and CUST_PHONE.

d. file

Historically, a collection of file folders, properly tagged and kept in a filing cabinet. Although such manual files still exist, we more commonly think of a (computer) file as a collection of related records that contain information of interest to the end user. For example, a sales organization is likely to keep a file containing customer data. Keep in mind that the phrase related records reflects a relationship based on function. For example, customer data are kept in a file named CUSTOMER. The records in this customer file are related by the fact that they all pertain to customers. Similarly, a file named PRODUCT would contain records that describe products – the records in this file are all related by the fact that they all pertain to products. You would not expect to find customer data in a product file, or vice versa.

NOTE

Note: Field, record, and file are computer terms, created to help describe how data are stored in secondary memory. Emphasize that computer file data storage does not match the human perception of such data storage.

2. What is data redundancy, and which characteristics of the file system can lead to it?

Data redundancy exists when unnecessarily duplicated data are found in the database. For example, a customer's telephone number may be found in the customer file, in the sales agent file, and in the invoice file. Data redundancy is symptomatic of a (computer) file system, given its inability to represent and manage data relationships. Data redundancy may also be the result of poorly‑designed databases that allow the same data to be kept in different locations. (Here's another opportunity to emphasize the need for good database design!)

3. What is data independence, and why is it lacking in file systems?

Data independence is a condition in which the programs that access data are not dependent on the data storage characteristics of the data. Systems that lack data independence are said to exhibit data dependence. File systems exhibit data dependence because file access is dependent on a file's data characteristics. Therefore, any time the file data characteristics are changed, the programs that access the data within those files must be modified.

Data independence exists when changes in the data characteristics don't require changes in the programs that access those data. File systems lack data independence because all data access programs are subject to change when any of the file system’s data storage characteristics – such as changing a data type -- change.

4. What is a DBMS, and what are its functions?

A DBMS is best described as a collection of programs that manage the database structure and that control shared access to the data in the database. Current DBMSes also store the relationships between the database components; they also take care of defining the required access paths to those components. The functions of a current-generation DBMS may be summarized as follows:

· The DBMS stores the definitions of data and their relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary; any changes made are automatically recorded in the data dictionary.

· The DBMS creates the complex structures required for data storage.

· The DBMS transforms entered data to conform to the data structures in item 2.

· The DBMS creates a security system and enforces security within that system.

· The DBMS creates complex structures that allow multiple‑user access to the data.

· The DBMS performs backup and data recovery procedures to ensure data safety.

· The DBMS promotes and enforces integrity rules to eliminate data integrity problems.

· The DBMS provides access to the data via utility programs and from programming languages interfaces.

· The DBMS provides end-user access to data within a computer network environment.

5. What is structual independence, and why is it important?

Structural independence exists when data access programs are not subject to change when the file's structural characteristics, such as the number or order of the columns in a table, change. Structural independence is important because it substantially decreases programming effort and program maintenance costs.

6. Explain the difference between data and information.

Data are raw facts. Information is processed data to reveal the meaning behind the facts. Let’s summarize some key points:

· Data constitute the building bocks of information.

· Information is produced by processing data.

· Information is used to reveal the meaning of data.

· Good, relevant, and timely information is the key to good decision making.

· Good decision making is the key to organizational survival in a global environment.

7. What is the role of a DBMS, and what are its advantages? What are its disadvantages?

A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database. Figure 1.2 (shown in the text) illustrates that the DBMS serves as the intermediary between the user and the database. The DBMS receives all application requests and translates them into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests. The DBMS hides much of the database’s internal complexity from the application programs and users. The application program might be written by a programmer using a programming language such as COBOL, Visual Basic, or C++, or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.

Having a DBMS between the end user’s applications and the database offers some important advantages. First, the DBMS enables the data in the database to be shared among multiple applications or users. Second, the DBMS integrates the many different users’ views of the data into a single all-encompassing data repository.

Because data are the crucial raw material from which information is derived, you must have a good way of managing such data. As you will discover in this book, the DBMS helps make data management more efficient and effective. In particular, a DBMS provides advantages such as:

· Improved data sharing. The DBMS helps create an environment in which end users have better access to more and better-managed data. Such access makes it possible for end users to respond quickly to changes in their environment.

· Better data integration. Wider access to well-managed data promotes an integrated view of the organization’s operations and a clearer view of the big picture. It becomes much easier to see how actions in one segment of the company affect other segments.

· Minimized data inconsistency. Data inconsistency exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places. For example, data inconsistency exists when a company’s sales department stores a sales representative’s name as “Bill Brown” and the company’s personnel department stores that same person’s name as “William G. Brown” or when the company’s regional sales office shows the price of product “X” as $45.95 and its national sales office shows the same product’s price as $43.95. The probability of data inconsistency is greatly reduced in a properly designed database.

· Improved data access. The DBMS makes it possible to produce quick answers to ad hoc queries. From a database perspective, a query is a specific request for data manipulation (for example, to read or update the data) issued to the DBMS. Simply put, a query is a question and an ad hoc query is a spur-of-the-moment question. The DBMS sends back an answer (called the query result set) to the application. For example, end users, when dealing with large amounts of sales data, might want quick answers to questions (ad hoc queries) such as:

Ø What was the dollar volume of sales by product during the past six months?

Ø What is the sales bonus figure for each of our salespeople during the past three months?

Ø How many of our customers have credit balances of $3,000 or more?

· Improved decision making. Better-managed data and improved data access make it possible to generate better quality information, on which better decisions are based.

· Increased end-user productivity. The availability of data, combined with the tools that transform data into usable information, empowers end users to make quick, informed decisions that can make the difference between success and failure in the global economy.

The advantages of using a DBMS are not limited to the few just listed. In fact, you will discover many more advantages as you learn more about the technical details of databases and their proper design.

Although the database system yields considerable advantages over previous data management approaches, database systems do carry significant disadvantages. For example:

Increased costs. Database systems require sophisticated hardware and software and highly skilled personnel. The cost of maintaining the hardware, software, and personnel required to operate and manage a database system can be substantial. Training, licensing, and regulation compliance costs are often overlooked when database systems are implemented.

Management complexity. Database systems interface with many different technologies and have a significant impact on a company’s resources and culture. The changes introduced by the adoption of a database system must be properly managed to ensure that they help advance the company’s objectives. Given the fact that databases systems hold crucial company data that are accessed from multiple sources, security issues must be assessed constantly.

Maintaining currency. To maximize the efficiency of the database system, you must keep your system current. Therefore, you must perform frequent updates and apply the latest patches and security measures to all components. Because database technology advances rapidly, personnel training costs tend to be significant.

Vendor dependence. Given the heavy investment in technology and personnel training, companies might be reluctant to change database vendors. As a consequence, vendors are less likely to offer pricing point advantages to existing customers, and those customers might be limited in their choice of database system components.

Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles. DBMS vendors frequently upgrade their products by adding new functionality. Such new features often come bundled in new upgrade versions of the software. Some of these versions require hardware upgrades. Not only do the upgrades themselves cost money, but it also costs money to train database users and administrators to properly use and manage the new features.

8. List and describe the different types of databases.

The focus is on Section 1.3.2, TYPES OF DATABASES. Organize the discussion around the number of users, database site location, and data use:

· Number of users

o Single-user

o Multiuser

o Workgroup

o Enterprise

· Database site location

o Centralized

o Distributed

· Type of data

o General-purpose

o Discipline-specific

· Database use

o Transactional (production) database (OLTP)

o Data warehouse database (OLAP)

· Degree of data structure

o Unstructured data

o Structured data

9. What are the main components of a database system?

The basis of this discussion is Section 1.7.1, THE DATABASE SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT. Figure 1.9 provides a good bird’s eye view of the components. Note that the system’s components are hardware, software, people, procedures, and data.

10. What are metadata?

Metadata is data about data. That is, metadata define the data characteristics such as the data type (such as character or numeric) and the relationships that link the data. Relationships are an important component of database design. What makes relationships especially interesting is that they are often defined by their environment. For instance, the relationship between EMPLOYEE and JOB is likely to depend on the organization’s definition of the work environment. For example, in some organizations an employee can have multiple job assignments, while in other organizations – or even in other divisions within the same organization – an employee can have only one job assignment.

The details of relationship types and the roles played by those relationships in data models are defined and described in Chapter 2, Data Models.”. Relationships will play a key role in subsequent chapters. You cannot effectively deal with database design issues unless you address relationships.

11. Explain why database design is important.

The focus is on Section 1.4, WHY DATABASE DESIGN IS IMPORTANT. Explain that modern database and applications development software is so easy to use that many people can quickly learn to implement a simple database and develop simple applications within a week or so, without giving design much thought. As data and reporting requirements become more complex, those same people will simply (and quickly!) produce the required add-ons. That's how data redundancies and all their attendant anomalies develop, thus reducing the "database" and its applications to a status worse than useless. Stress these points:

· Good applications can't overcome bad database designs.

· The existence of a DBMS does not guarantee good data management, nor does it ensure that the database will be able to generate correct and timely information.

· Ultimately, the end user and the designer decide what data will be stored in the database.

A database created without the benefit of a detailed blueprint is unlikely to be satisfactory. Pose this question: would you think it smart to build a house without the benefit of a blueprint? So why would you want to create a database without a blueprint? (Perhaps it would be OK to build a chicken coop without a blueprint, but would you want your house to be built the same way?)

12. What are the potential costs of implementing a database system?

Although the database system yields considerable advantages over previous data management approaches, database systems do impose significant costs. For example:

· Increased acquisition and operating costs. Database systems require sophisticated hardware and software and highly skilled personnel. The cost of maintaining the hardware, software, and personnel required to operate and manage a database system can be substantial.

· Management complexity. Database systems interface with many different technologies and have a significant impact on a company's resources and culture. The changes introduced by the adoption of a database system must be properly managed to ensure that they help advance the company's objectives. Given the fact that databases systems hold crucial company data that are accessed from multiple sources, security issues must be assessed constantly.

· Maintaining currency. To maximize the efficiency of the database system, you must keep your system current. Therefore, you must perform frequent updates and apply the latest patches and security measures to all components. Because database technology advances rapidly, personnel training costs tend to be significant.

· Vendor dependence. Given the heavy investment in technology and personnel training, companies may be reluctant to change database vendors. As a consequence, vendors are less likely to offer pricing point advantages to existing customers and those customers may be limited in their choice of database system components.

13. Use examples to compare and contrast unstructured and structured data. Which type is more prevalent in a typical business environment?

Unstructured data are data that exist in their original (raw) state, that is, in the format in which they were collected. Therefore, unstructured data exist in a format that does not lend itself to the processing that yields information. Structured data are the result of taking unstructured data and formatting (structuring) such data to facilitate storage, use, and the generation of information. You apply structure (format) based on the type of processing that you intend to perform on the data. Some data might be not ready (unstructured) for some types of processing, but they might be ready (structured) for other types of processing. For example, the data value 37890 might refer to a zip code, a sales value, or a product code. If this value represents a zip code or a product code and is stored as text, you cannot perform mathematical computations with it. On the other hand, if this value represents a sales transaction, it is necessary to format it as numeric.

Structured data are more prevalent than unstructured data in a business environment. For example, if invoices are stored as images for future retrieval and display, you can scan them and save them in a graphic format. On the other hand, if you want to derive information such as monthly totals and average sales, such graphic storage would not be useful. Instead, you could store the invoice data in a (structured) spreadsheet format so that you can perform the requisite computations.

14. What are some basic database functions that a spreadsheet cannot perform.

Spreadsheets do not support self-documentation through metadata, enforcement of data types or domains to ensure consistency of data within a column, defined relationships among tables, or constraints to ensure consistency of data across related tables.

15. What common problems do a collection of spreadsheets created by end users share with the typical file system?

A collection of spreadsheets shares several problems with the typical file system. First problem is that end users create their own, private, copies of the data, which creates issues of data ownership. This situation also creates islands of information where changes to one set of data are not reflected in all of the copies of the data. This leads to the second problem – lack of data consistency. Because the data in various spreadsheets may be intended to represent a view of the business environment, a lack of consistency in the data may lead to faulty decision making based on inaccurate data.

16. Explain the significance of the loss of direct, hands-on access to business data that users experienced with the advent of computerized data repositories.

Users lost direct, hands-on access to the business data when computerized data repositories were developed because the IT skills necessary to directly access and manipulate the data were beyond the average user's abilities, and because security precautions restricted access to the shared data. This was significant because it removed users from the direct manipulation of data and introduced significant time delays for data access. When users need answers to business questions from the data, necessity often does not give them the luxury of time to wait days, weeks, or even months for the required reports. The desire to return hands-on access to the data to the users, among other drivers, helped to propel the development of database systems. While database systems have greatly improved the ability of users to directly access data, the need to quickly manipulate data for themselves has lead to the problems of spreadsheets being used when databases are needed.

17. Explain why the cost of ownership may be lower with a cloud database than with a traditional, company database.

Cloud databases reside on the Internet instead of within the organization’s own network infrastructure. This can reduce costs because the organization is not required to purchase and maintain the hardware and software necessary to house the database and support the necessary levels of system performance.

Problem Solutions

ONLINE CONTENT

The file structures you see in this problem set are simulated in a Microsoft Access database named Ch01_Problems, available www.cengagebrain.com.

Given the file structure shown in Figure P1.1, answer Problems 1 - 4.

FIGURE P1.1 The File Structure for Problems 1-4

1. How many records does the file contain? How many fields are there per record?

The file contains seven records (21-5Z through 31-7P) and each of the records is composed of five fields (PROJECT_CODE through PROJECT_BID_PRICE.)

2. What problem would you encounter if you wanted to produce a listing by city? How would you solve this problem by altering the file structure?

The city names are contained within the MANAGER_ADDRESS attribute and decomposing this character (string) field at the application level is cumbersome at best. (Queries become much more difficult to write and take longer to execute when internal string searches must be conducted.) If the ability to produce city listings is important, it is best to store the city name as a separate attribute.

3. If you wanted to produce a listing of the file contents by last name, area code, city, state, or zip code, how would you alter the file structure?

The more we divide the address into its component parts, the greater its information capabilities. For example, by dividing MANAGER_ADDRESS into its component parts (MGR_STREET, MGR_CITY, MGR_STATE, and MGR_ZIP), we gain the ability to easily select records on the basis of zip codes, city names, and states. Similarly, by subdividing the MANAGER name into its components MGR_LASTNAME, MGR_FIRSTNAME, and MGR_INITIAL, we gain the ability to produce more efficient searches and listings. For example, creating a phone directory is easy when you can sort by last name, first name, and initial. Finally, separating the area code and the phone number will yield the ability to efficiently group data by area codes. Thus MGR_PHONE might be decomposed into MGR_AREA_CODE and MGR_PHONE. The more you decompose the data into their component parts, the greater the search flexibility. Data that are decomposed into their most basic components are said to be atomic.

4. What data redundancies do you detect? How could those redundancies lead to anomalies?

Note that the manager named Holly B. Parker occurs three times, indicating that she manages three projects coded 21-5Z, 25-9T, and 29-2D, respectively. (The occurrences indicate that there is a 1:M relationship between PROJECT and MANAGER: each project is managed by only one manager but, apparently, a manager may manage more than one project.) Ms. Parker's phone number and address also occur three times. If Ms. Parker moves and/or changes her phone number, these changes must be made more than once and they must all be made correctly... without missing a single occurrence. If any occurrence is missed during the change, the data are "different" for the same person. After some time, it may become difficult to determine what the correct data are. In addition, multiple occurrences invite misspellings and digit transpositions, thus producing the same anomalies. The same problems exist for the multiple occurrences of George F. Dorts.

5. Identify and discuss the serious data redundancy problems exhibited by the file structure shown in Figure P1.5.

FIGURE P1.5 The File Structure for Problems 5-8

NOTE

It is not too early to begin discussing proper structure. For example, you may focus student attention on the fact that, ideally, each row should represent a single entity. Therefore, each row's fields should define the characteristics of one entity, rather than include characteristics of several entities. The file structure shown here includes characteristics of multiple entities. For example, the JOB_CODE is likely to be a characteristic of a JOB entity. PROJ_NUM and PROJ_NAME are clearly characteristics of a PROJECT entity. Also, since (apparently) each project has more than one employee assigned to it, the file structure shown here shows multiple occurrences for each of the projects. (Hurricane occurs three times, Coast occurs twice, and Satellite occurs four times.)

Given the file's poor structure, the stage is set for multiple anomalies. For example, if the charge for JOB_CODE = EE changes from $85.00 to $90.00, that change must be made twice. Also, if employee June H. Sattlemeier is deleted from the file, you also lose information about the existence of her JOB_CODE = EE, its hourly charge of $85.00, and the PROJ_HOURS = 17.5. The loss of the PROJ_HOURS value will ultimately mean that the Coast project costs are not being charged properly, thus causing a loss of PROJ_HOURS*JOB_CHG_HOUR = 17.5 x $85.00 = $1,487.50 to the company.

Incidentally, note that the file contains different JOB_CHG_HOUR values for the same CT job code, thus illustrating the effect of changes in the hourly charge rate over time. The file structure appears to represent transactions that charge project hours to each project. However, the structure of this file makes it difficult to avoid update anomalies and it is not possible to determine whether a charge change is accurately reflected in each record. Ideally, a change in the hourly charge rate would be made in only one place and this change would then be passed on to the transaction based on the hourly charge. Such a structural change would ensure the historical accuracy of the transactions.

You might want to emphasize that the recommended changes require a lot of work in a file system.

6. Looking at the EMP_NAME and EMP_PHONE contents in Figure P1.5, what change(s) would you recommend?

A good recommendation would be to make the data more atomic. That is, break up the data componnts whenever possible. For example, separate the EMP_NAME into its componenst EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL, and EMP_LNAME. This change will make it much easier to organize employee data through the employee name component. Similarly, the EMP_PHONE data should be decomposed into EMP_AREACODE and EMP_PHONE. For example, breaking up the phone number 653-234-3245 into the area code 653 and the phone number 234-3245 will make it much easier to organize the phone numbers by area code. (If you want to print an employee phone directory, the more atomic employee name data will make the job much easier.)

7. Identify the various data sources in the file you examined in Problem 5.

Given their answers to problem 5 and some additional scrutiny of Figure 1.5, your students should be able to identify these data sources:

· Employee data such as names and phone numbers.

· Project data such as project names. If you start with an EMPLOYEE file, the project names clearly do not belong in that file. (Project names are clearly not employee characteristics.)

· Job data such as the job charge per hour. If you start with an EMPLOYEE file, the job charge per hour clearly does not belong in that file. (Hourly charges are clearly not employee characteristics.)

· The project hours, which are most likely the hours worked by the employee for that project. (Such hours are associated with a work product, not the employee per se.)

8. Given your answer to Problem 7, what new files should you create to help eliminate the data redundancies found in the file shown in Figure P1.5?

The data sources are probably the PROJECT, EMPLOYEE, JOB, and CHARGE. The PROJECT file should contain project characteristics such as the project name, the project manager/coordinator, the project budget, and so on. The EMPLOYEE file might contain the employee names, phone number, address, and so on. The JOB file would contain the billing charge per hour for each of the job types – a database designer, an applications developer, and an accountant would generate different billing charges per hour. The CHARGE file would be used to keep track of the number of hours by job type that will be billed for each employee who worked on the project.

9. Identify and discuss the serious data redundancy problems exhibited by the file structure shown in Figure P1.9. (The file is meant to be used as a teacher class assignment schedule. One of the many problems with data redundancy is the likely occurrence of data inconsistencies – that two different initials have been entered for the teacher named Maria Cordoza.)

FIGURE P1.9 The File Structure for Problems 9-10

Note that the teacher characteristics occur multiple times in this file. For example, the teacher named Maria Cordoza’s first name, last name, and initial occur three times. If changes must be made for any given teacher, those changes must be made multiple times. All it takes is one incorrect entry or one forgotten change to create data inconsistencies. Redundant data are not a luxury you can afford in a data environment.

10. Given the file structure shown in Figure P1.9, what problem(s) might you encounter if building KOM were deleted?

You would lose all the time assignment data about teachers Williston, Cordoza, and Hawkins, as well as the KOM rooms 204E, 123, and 34. Here is yet another good reason for keeping data about specific entities in their own tables! This kind of an anomaly is known as a deletion anomaly.

#Test Bank Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 11th Edition Solution

0 notes

4bestmarks · 6 years ago

Text

We provide test banks and solution manuals to allow students to prepare for their exams ,( Immediate delivery , at Suitable prices ). For contact: [email protected]

Managerial Accounting 11 edition by Ray H Garrison

Biology: The Essentials 2nd Edition by Mariëlle Hoefnagels Business Mathematics in Canada by F. Ernest Jerome Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications 8th Edition by Kenneth Rosen Sociology: A Brief Introduction 6th Edition by Richard T. Schaefer Pharmacology: An Introduction 7th Edition by Henry Hitner Fundamentals of Financial Accounting 6th Edition by Fred Phillips iGenetics: A Molecular Approach 3rd Edition by Peter J. Russell Business Communication: A Problem-Solving Approach 1st Edition by Kathryn Rentz Math for Business and Finance An Algebraic Approach 2nd Edition by Jeffrey Slater Abnormal Child Psychology 7th Edition by Eric J Mash Business Statistics in Practice: Using Data, Modeling, and Analytics 8th Edition by Bruce L Bowerman Workbook for Anatomy, Physiology, & Disease 2nd Edition by Deborah Roiger Operations Management in the Supply Chain 7th Edition by Roger G Schroeder Selling 10th Edition by Stephen B Castleberry Personal Finance 7 edition by Jack R. Kapoor M: Information Systems 4th Edition by Paige Baltzan Conceptual Physical Science, 6th Edition by Paul G. Hewitt Operations and Supply Chain Management: The Core 4th Edition by F. Robert Jacobs Human Resource Management 15th Edition by Robert L. Mathis Human Relations: The Art and Science of Building Effective Relationships 2nd Edition by Vivian McCann Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood A Cultural Approach 6th Edition by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett Auditing: A Practical Approach, 3rd Canadian Edition by Robyn Moroney Starting Out with Java From Control Structures through Objects, 7th Edition by Tony Gaddis Building Your Dream Canadian 10th Edition by Walter Good Business Foundations: A Changing World 11th Edition by O. C. Ferrell Strategic Compensation in Canada, 6th Edition by Richard Long Theory and Practice of Group Counseling 9th Edition by Gerald Corey Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods 2nd Edition by Carl J. Sheperis Management: Leading & Collaborating in a Competitive World 13th Edition by Thomas S Bateman Integrated Marketing Communications Strategic Planning Perspectives, 5E by Keith J. Tuckwell Essentials of Organizational Behaviour, First Canadian Edition by Stephen P. Robbins Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures 6th Edition by Raymond G. Miltenberger Management, 3rd Canadian Edition by John R. Schermerhorn Life Span Development: A Topical Approach 3rd Edition by Robert S. Feldman Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management 13th Edition by Carlos Coronel Quantitative Analysis for Management 13th Edition by Barry Render Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding, Third Canadian Edition by Steven J Lynn Investments: An Introduction 12th Edition by Herbert B. Mayo Business: A Changing World 6 edition by O. C. Ferrell Managerial Economics & Business Strategy 9th Edition by Michael Baye Small Business Management: An Entrepreneur's Guidebook 8th Edition by Mary Jane Byrd Becoming a Helper 7th Edition by Marianne Schneider Introduction to Management Science: A Modeling and Case Studies Approach with Spreadsheets 6th Edition Operations and Supply Chain Management 15th Edition by F. Robert Jacobs Human Anatomy & Physiology 11th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb Principles of Auditing & Other Assurance Services 21st Edition by Ray Whittington Business: Strategy, Development, Application 2 edition by Gary Bissonette Business Ethics Now 5th Edition by Andrew W. Ghillyer Health & Physical Assessment In Nursing 3rd Edition by Donita T D'Amico Business Data Communications and Networking, 13th Edition by Jerry FitzGerald Network+ Guide to Networks 8th Edition by Jill West Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage 4th Edition by Jeffrey K. Pinto Auditing & Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach 11th ed. Edition by William F Messier The Art of Watching Films 9th Edition by Dennis W. Petrie Accounting Principles, Volume 1+2, 7th Canadian Edition by Jerry J. Weygandt Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems, 14th Edition by Mark G. Simkin Canadian Tax Principles, 2018-2019 Edition, Volume 1 by Clarence Byrd Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective 11th Edition by George Belch Contemporary Human Geography 4th Edition by James M. Rubenstein Organizational Behavior 18th Edition by Stephen P. Robbins Essentials of Oceanography 12th Edition by Alan P. Trujillo Foundations of Microeconomics 8th Edition by Robin Bade Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems 9th Edition by Lauralee Sherwood Social Psychology 14th Edition by Nyla R. Branscombe Marketing Management 3rd Edition by Greg W. Marshall Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operation 7th Edition Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists 4th Edition by Steven C. Chapra Research Methods For Business: A Skill Building Approach, 7th Edition by Uma Sekaran Fundamentals of Advanced Accounting 7th Edition by Joe Ben Hoyle Managerial Economics: Applications, Strategies and Tactics 13th Edition by James R. McGuigan Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science 12th Edition by Richard Saferstein Close Relations An Introduction to the Sociology of Families, 6E by Susan A. McDaniel M: Advertising 3rd Edition by William Arens Vander's Human Physiology 15th Edition by Eric Widmaier Medical Law and Ethics 5th Edition by Bonnie F. Fremgen Principles of Macroeconomics 12th Edition by Karl E. Case Environmental Geology 11th Edition by Carla W Montgomery Chemical Principles 8th Edition by Steven S. Zumdahl Principles of Managerial Finance, Brief, 8th Edition by Chad J. Zutter Understanding Financial Statements, 11th Edition by Lyn M. Fraser Exploring Macroeconomics by Robert Sexton Operations Management 6th Edition by William J Stevenson Communicating in Groups: Applications and Skills 10th Edition by Katherine L. Adams Essentials of Marketing Research 4th Edition by Joseph F. Hair Operations Management, 1st Edition by Gerard Cachon Legal and Ethical Aspects of Health Information Management 4th Edition by Dana C. McWay Managing Organizational Change: A Multiple Perspectives Approach 3rd Edition by Ian Palmer Marketing The Core 5th Canadian Edition by Roger Kerin SELL 5th Edition by Thomas N. Ingram Anatomy & Physiology: An Integrative Approach 3rd Edition by Michael McKinley Intermediate Accounting, Volume 1, 12th Canadian Edition by: Donald E. Kieso Price = $28.66 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems 9th Edition by Kang-tsung Chang HR 4th Edition by Angelo DeNisi Understanding Canadian Business by William G Nickels TG Business Driven Information Systems 6th Edition by Paige Baltzan Price = $27.88 Strategic Management: Concepts 4th Edition by Frank Rothaermel Price = $27.91 Essentials of Contemporary Management 5 edition by Gareth R Jones Price = $26.55 Environmental Science 15th Edition by Eldon Enger Price = $27.89 Employee Training & Development 7th Edition by Raymond Andrew Noe Price = $26.66 Financial Accounting, 10th Edition by Jerry J. Weygandt Price= $26.79 Physical Geology 16th Edition by Charles (Carlos) C Plummer price =$27.77 Principles of Microeconomics, 7th Edition by N. Gregory Mankiw Price = $26.98 Marketing 4 edition by Dhruv Grewal Price = $27.69 Auditing & Assurance Services 7th Edition by Timothy J Louwers Price = $27.78 Communication Principles for a Lifetime, Books a la Carte Edition 6th Edition by Steven A. Beebe Price = $25.95 Microeconomics Theory and Applications with Calculus, 4th Edition by Jeffrey M. Perloff Price = $26.77 Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy 15th Edition by Anne T. Lawrence Price = $26.65 Essentials of Negotiation 3rd Canadian Edition by Roy Lewicki Price = $27.89 Medical Dosage Calculations 11th Edition by June L. Olsen Price = $25.95 Exceptional Students: Preparing Teachers for the 21st Century 3rd Edition by Ronald L. Taylor Price = $26.66 Intermediate Accounting 10th Edition by David Spiceland Price = $27.93 Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 4th Edition by: Robert Parrino Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills 8th Edition by Andrew J. DuBrin America: Past and Present, Combined Volume 10th Edition by Robert A. Divine Price = $25.55 Exploring Physical Geography 2nd Edition by Stephen Reynolds Price = $26.91 Concepts of Genetics 12th Edition by William S. Klug Services Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm 7th Edition by Valarie A. Zeithaml Price = $26.53 Human Resource Management 11Th Edition by Raymond Andrew Noe Price = $27.62 Natural Disasters 10th Edition by Patrick Leon Abbott Price = $26.55 MKTG 12th Edition by Charles W. Lamb Medical Assisting Review: Passing The CMA, RMA, and CCMA Exams 6th Edition By Jahangir Moini Price = $25.76 Global Business Today 5th edition by Charles W. L. Hill Dr Human Relations in Organizations: Applications and Skill Building 11th Edition by Robert Lussier Price = $26.75 Technology: At Your Service 1st Edition by Ralph De Arazoza ( only 6 chapters) not pub Fundamentals of Taxation 2016 Edition 9th Edition by Ana M. Cruz Managing Performance through Training and Development , 8th Edition by Alan Saks Price = $27.89 Life Span: Human Development for Helping Professionals, 5th Edition by Patricia C. Broderick Price = $26.97 Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice 10th Edition by Joycelyn M. Pollock Price = $27.77 Foundations of Financial Management 10 edition Canadian Edition by Stanley B. Block M: Marketing 6th Edition by Dhruv Grewal Price = $27.76 Campbell Biology 11th Edition by Lisa A. Urry Price = $26.64 The Family Dynamic Canadian Perspectives, 7th Edition by Marc Belanger Price = $27.88 Genetics: Analysis and Principles 6th Edition by Robert Brooker Price = $26.93 Test Bank for Macroeconomics, Fifth Canadian Edition (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson Price = $27.63 M: Organizational Behavior 4th Edition by Steven McShane Price = $27.62 Organizational Behavior 8th Edition by Steven McShane Price = $26.71 Discovering the Lifespan, Second Canadian Edition 2E by Robert S. Feldman Price = $25.97 Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions 7th Edition by Ron Larson Price = $27.98 Macroeconomics 21st Edition by Campbell McConnell Price = $27.91 Macroeconomics 11th Edition by David Colander Price = $28.59 Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design and Data Structures 4th Edition by John Lewis Price = $26.55 Psychology Themes and Variations , 5th Edition Price = $26.79 Using Sage 50 Accounting 2017 Plus Student DVD by Mary Purbhoo Price = $27.71 Auditing An International Approach 8th Edition © 2019 by Wally Smieliauskas Price = $27.89 Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism 7th Edition by Philip T. Kotler Price = $25.97 Crisis Assessment, Intervention, and Prevention, 3rd Edition by Lisa R. Jackson-Cherry Price = $23.94 Using Sage 50 Accounting 2018 by Mary Purbhoo Price = $26.98 Natural Hazards: Earth's Processes as Hazards, Disasters and Catastrophes, Third Canadian Edition by John J. Clague Price = $25.52 Labor Relations: Striking a Balance 5th Edition by John W. Budd Price = $25.57 Practical Research: Planning and Design 12th Edition by Paul D. Leedy Price = $24.65 Essentials of Meteorology: An Invitation to the Atmosphere 8th Edition by C. Donald Ahrens Price = $25.95 Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 12th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso Price = $28.66 Recruitment and Selection in Canada 7th Edition © 2019 by Victor M. Catano Price = $23.97 MKTG, 4th Edition Canadian Edition By Charles W. Lamb Shearer Price = $26.91 Strategic Compensation in Canada , 6th Edition by Richard Long Price = $25.55 Management of Occupational Health and Safety , 7th Edition by Kevin Kelloway Price = $24.92 Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual, Fetal Pig Version 13th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb Price = $28.76 Chemistry: Atoms First 3rd Edition by Julia Burdge Price = $26.55 International Business, 2nd Edition by Klaus Meyer Price = $25.98 Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach , 5th Edition by David H. Barlow Price = $25.95 Using Intuit QuickBooks Premier 2017 for Windows by Christine A. Heaney Price = $28.96 Investigating Oceanography 2nd Edition by Keith A Sverdrup Price = $24.96 Natural Disasters 11th Edition By Patrick Leon Abbott Price = $25.95 Natural Disasters Canadian 4th Edition by Patrick Leon Abbott Price = $27.62 Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature 6th Edition by Randy J. Larsen Price = $24.76 Corporate Finance 5th Edition By Jonathan Berk Price = $28.93 Financial Accounting, 2nd Canadian Edition by Christopher D. Burnley Price = $23.91 Organic Chemistry 8th Edition by Paula Yurkanis Bruice Price = $27.61 Psychological Consultation and Collaboration in School and Community Settings, 6th Edition by A. Michael Dougherty Price = $23.91 McGraw-Hill's Taxation of Individuals and Business Entities 2020 Edition 11th Edition by Brian C. Spilker Price = $27.65 McGraw-Hill's Taxation of Business Entities 2020 Edition 11th Edition by Brian C. Spilker Professor Price = $27.65 McGraw-Hill's Taxation of Individuals 2020 Edition 11th Edition by Brian C. Spilker Price = $27.65 Wardlaw's Contemporary Nutrition A Functional Approach 5th Edition by Anne M Smith Price = $26.51 Contemporary Marketing 18th Edition by Louis E. Boone Price = $27.65 Managing Human Resources 11th Edition by Wayne Cascio Price = $26.69 Children and Their Development, Fourth Canadian Edition, 4th Edition By Robert V. Kail Price = $26.99 Labor Economics 8th Edition by George J Borjas Price = $27.66 International Economics 17th Edition by Thomas Pugel Price = $27.63 International Economics 17th Edition by Robert Carbaugh Price = $26.99 Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases 6th Edition by Jay B. Barney Price = $27.53 Perspectives on Personality, Books a la Carte 8th Edition by Charles S. Carver Price = $25.56 MATH AND DOSAGE CALCULATIONS FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 5th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth Price = $28.45 Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Procedures 6th Edition by Kathryn Booth Price = $26.84 Exploring Social Psychology 8th Edition by David Myers Price = $25.59 Macroeconomics 7th Edition by R. Glenn Hubbard Price = $27.86 MIS 9th Edition by Hossein Bidgoli Price = $25.55 Core Concepts in Health 3rd Edition By Jennifer Irwin Price = $25.55 The Science of Psychology: An Appreciative 4th Edition by Laura A. King Price = $26.55 Intro to Python for Computer Science and Data Science Learning to Program with AI, Big Data and The Cloud Paul J. Deitel The Good Earth: Introduction to Earth Science 4th Edition by David McConnell Price = $25.95 Introduction to Physical Education, Exercise Science, and Sport 10th Edition by Angela Lumpkin Price = $25.92 QuickBooks Desktop 2018: A Complete Course 17th Edition by Janet Horne Price = $29.81 Introduction to Biotechnology 4th Edition by William J. Thieman Price = $26.97 Operations Management: Processes and Supply Chains 12th Edition by Lee J. Krajewski Price = $27.69

#test_bank

0 notes

groovycollectiontimemachine-blog · 7 years ago

Text

Test Bank for Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition by Kroenke

link full download: https://findtestbanks.com/download/test-bank-for-database-processing-fundamentals-design-and-implementation-13th-edition-by-kroenke/

Test Bank for Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition by David M. Kroenke, David J. Auer.

Instant Download Test Bank for Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition by David M. Kroenke, David J. Auer.

View Sample:http://findtestbanks.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Link-download-est-Bank-for-Database-Processing-Fundamentals-Design-and-Implementation-13th-Edition-by-Kroenke.pdf

Test Bank for Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition by Kroenke

Product Description

Get students straight to the point of database processing. Database Processing reflects a new teaching method that gets students straight to the point with its thorough and modern presentation of database processing fundamentals.

Table of Contents

PART I. GETTING STARTED 1. Introduction 2. Introduction to Structured Query Language

PART II. DATABASE DESIGN 3. The Relational Model and Normalization 4. Database Design Using Normalization 5. Data Modeling and the Entity-Relationship Model 6. Transforming Data Models in Database Designs

PART III. DATABASE IMPLEMENTATION 7. SQL for Database Construction and Application Processing 8. Database Redesign

PART IV. MULTIUSER DATABASE PROCESSING. 9. Managing Multiuser Databases 10. Managing Databases with SQL Server 2012, Oracle Database 11g, and MySQL 5.6

Online Chapter: 10A. Managing Databases with SQL Server 2012 Online Chapter: 10B. Managing Databases with Oracle 11g Online Chapter: 10C. Managing Databases with MySQL 5.6

PART V. DATABASE ACCESS STANDARDS 11. The Web Server Environment 12. Big Data, Data Warehouses, and Business Intelligence Systems

Online Appendix A. Getting Started with Microsoft Access 2013 Online Appendix B. Getting Started in Systems Analysis and Design Online Appendix C. E-R Diagrams and the IDEF1X Standard Online Appendix D. E-R Diagrams and the UML Standard Online Appendix E. Getting Started with MySQL Workbench Data Modeling Tools Online Appendix F. Getting Started with Microsoft Vision 2010 Online Appendix G. Data Structures for Database Processing Online Appendix H. The Semantic Object Model Online Appendix I. Getting Started with Web Servers, PHP and the Eclipse PDT Online Appendix J. Business Intelligence Systems

Origin Book information

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0133058352

ISBN-13: 978-0133058352

ISBN-13: 9780133058352

More Topic:

Test Bank for Microeconomics 11th Edition by Stephen L Slavin

You will be guided to the product download page immediately once you complete the payment.

Need other solution manual / test bank ?

Go to testbankservice.com and type solution manual or test bank name you want in search box.

Link download full: https://testbankservice.com/download/test-bank-for-database-processing-fundamentals-design-and-implementation-13th-edition-by-kroenke/

People also search

database processing fundamentals design and implementation 13th edition pdf

database processing fundamentals design and implementation 13th edition test bank

test bank Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition

Download Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition pdf free

Solution manual Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition answer

instant download Database Processing Fundamentals Design and Implementation 13th Edition ebook

#Database Processing #Implementation 13th #Fundamentals Design

0 notes

edwardsherwood-blog · 7 years ago

Text

Test Bank Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 11th Edition

For Order This And Any Other Test

Banks And Solutions Manuals, Course,

Assignments, Discussions, Quizzes, Exams,

CHAPTER 1: DATABASE SYSTEMS

1. Data and information are essentially the same thing.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

2. Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

3. Data is the result of processing raw facts to reveal its meaning.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

4. When data are entered into a form and saved, they are placed in the underlying database as knowledge.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

5. Data constitute the building blocks of information.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

6. Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data found within the database.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

7. The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

8. Database programming languages receive all application requests and translate them into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

9. The DBMS reveals much of the database’s internal complexity to the application programs and users.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

10. One disadvantage of the DBMS is that it increases the risk of data security breaches.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

11. An operational database is sometimes referred to as an enterprise database.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

12. A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

13. The same data might be simultaneously structured and unstructured depending on the intended processing.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

14. Corporations use only structured data.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

15. Field refers to a collection of related records.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

16. Data anomaly is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

17. Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting theapplication program’s ability to access the data.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

18. An advantage of database systems is that you needn’t perform frequent updates and apply latest patches.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

19. One disadvantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is increased costs.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

20. One advantage of a database system over previous data management approaches is that the database system is considerably less complex.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

21. is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.

a. End-user data b. An encoded sample

c. An encrypted bit d. Information

ANSWER: d

22. is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.

a. Validation b. A format

c. Knowledge d. A database

ANSWER: c

23. Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to .

a. data management b. good decision making

c. knowledge d. understanding

ANSWER: b

24. End-user data is .

a. knowledge about the end users b. raw facts of interest to the end user

c. information about a specific subject d. accurate, relevant and timely information

ANSWER: b

25. provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within thedatabase.

a. Queries b. End-user data

c. Metadata d. Schemas

ANSWER: c

26. serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.

a. DBMSs b. Metadata

c. End-user data d. Programming languages

ANSWER: a

27. The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a .

a. single file b. collection of files

c. set of key/value pairs d. collection of queries

ANSWER: b

28. A(n) might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.

a. query b. operating system

c. database management system d. application

ANSWER: d

29. exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

a. Data inconsistency b. Poor data security

c. Structural dependence d. Conceptual dependence

ANSWER: a

30. refer to a type of database that stores most of its data in RAM rather than in hard disks.

a. Integrated databases b. Cloud databases

c. Desktop databases d. In-memory databases

ANSWER: d

31. The response of the DBMS to a query is the .

a. ad hoc query b. ad hoc response

c. query result set d. integrated view of the data

ANSWER: c

32. A(n) database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.

a. desktop b. workgroup

c. enterprise d. transactional

ANSWER: c

33. A(n) database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific departmentwithin an organization.

a. desktop b. workgroup

c. enterprise d. transactional

ANSWER: b

34. A workgroup database is a(n) database.

a. single-user b. multiuser

c. desktop d. distributed

ANSWER: b

35. is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world eventsand conditions.

a. Data integrity b. Data anomaly

c. Data ubiquity d. Data quality

ANSWER: a

36. A desktop database is a database.

a. single-user b. multiuser

c. workgroup d. distributed

ANSWER: a

37. Data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the .

a. operational databases b. desktop database

c. enterprise databases d. workgroup databases

ANSWER: a

38. Data is said to be verifiable if:

a. the data always yields consistent results. b. the data cannot be changed or manipulated.

c. the data is obtained from trusted sources. d. the data is stored in different places within the database.

ANSWER: a

39. data exist in the format in which they were collected.

a. Structured b. Semistructured

c. Unstructured d. Historical

ANSWER: c

40. data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.

a. Structured b. Semistructured

c. Unstructured d. Historical

ANSWER: c

41. are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.

a. Structured data b. Raw data

c. Unstructured data d. Obsolete data

ANSWER: a

42. Most data that can be encountered are best classified as .

a. structured b. semistructured

c. unstructured d. historical

ANSWER: b

43. Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?

a. They provide enhanced security and robust data sharing b. They do not allow manipulation of data

features. onceentered.

c. They are a better alternative to databases. d. They enhance the user’s ability to understandthe data.

ANSWER: d

44. An XML database supports the storage and management of XML data.

a. structured b. multistructured

c. fullystructured d. semistructured

ANSWER: d

45. The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by .

a. its date of creation b. its expected use

c. the title of the documents in the folder d. the data processing specialist

ANSWER: b

46. A is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.

a. database b. column

c. record d. file

ANSWER: c

47. A is a collection of related records.

a. schema b. field

c. column d. file

ANSWER: d

48. A is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.

a. database b. field

c. record d. file

ANSWER: b

49. Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different placesbecause they weren’t updated consistently?

a. Data query b. Data integrity

c. Data dictionary d. Data redundancy

ANSWER: d

50. The term refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage,management and use of data within a database environment.

a. structured data b. transaction

c. management system d. database system

ANSWER: d

51. relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage andaccess speed.

a. Performance tuning b. Database design

c. Query access d. Database management

ANSWER: a

52. is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.

ANSWER: Information

53. To reveal meaning, information requires .

ANSWER: context

54. Raw data must be properly for storage, processing and presentation.

ANSWER: formatted

55. Information is produced by processing .

ANSWER: data

56. is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and managed.

ANSWER: Metadata

57. A(n) is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data storedin the database.

ANSWER: DBMS (database management system)

database management system (DBMS)

database management system

DBMS

58. A(n) is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.

ANSWER: query

59. databases focus primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make tactical or strategicdecisions.

ANSWER: Analytical

60. is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.

ANSWER: XML (Extensible MarkupLanguage)

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Extensible Markup Language

XML

61. A(n) is a spur-of-the-moment question.

ANSWER: ad hoc query

62. exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting an applicationprogram’s ability to access data.

ANSWER: Data independence

63. The term refers to scattered locations storing the same basic data.

ANSWER: islands of information

64. exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.

ANSWER: Data inconsistency

65. exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.

ANSWER: Data redundancy

66. A(n) develops when all required changes in the redundant data are not made successfully.

ANSWER: data anomaly

anomaly

67. The DBMS uses the to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relievingprogrammers from having to code such complex relationships in each program.

ANSWER: data dictionary

68. relates to activities that make a database operate more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

ANSWER: Performance tuning

69. Describe what metadata are and what value they provide to the database system.

ANSWER: The metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data foundwithin the database. For example, the metadata component stores information such as the name of eachdata element, the type of values (numeric, dates, or text) stored on each data element, and whether thedata element can be left empty. The metadata provide information that complements and expands thevalue and use of the data. In short, metadata present a more complete picture of the data in thedatabase. Given the characteristics of metadata, you might hear a database described as a “collection ofselfdescribing data.”

70. What are the advantages of having the DBMS between the end user’s applications and the database?

ANSWER: Having a DBMS between the end user’s applications and the database offers some importantadvantages. First, the DBMS enables the data in the database to be shared among multiple applicationsor users. Second, the DBMS integrates the many different users’ views of the data into a single allencompassing data repository.

71. Discuss some considerations when designing a database.

ANSWER: Proper database design requires the designer to identify precisely the database’s expected use.

Designing a transactional database emphasizes accurate and consistent data and operational speed.Designing a data warehouse database emphasizes the use of historical and aggregated data. Designing adatabase to be used in a centralized, single-user environment requires a different approach from thatused in the design of a distributed, multiuser database.

Designing appropriate data repositories of integrated information using the two-dimensional tablestructures found in most databases is a process of decomposition. The integrated data must bedecomposed properly into its constituent parts, with each part stored in its own table. Further, therelationships between these tables must be carefully considered and implemented so the integrated viewof the data can be re-created later as information for the end user. A well-designed database facilitatesdata management and generates accurate and valuable information. A poorly designed database is likelyto become a breeding ground for difficulttotrace errors that may lead to bad decision making—and baddecision making can lead to the failure of an organization. Database design is simply too important to beleft to luck. That’s why college students study database design, why organizations of all types and sizessend personnel to database design seminars, and why database design consultants often make anexcellent living.

72. What are some reasons for studying file systems?

ANSWER: A brief explanation of the evolution of file system data processing can be helpful in understanding thedata access limitations that databases attempt to overcome. Understanding these limitations is relevant todatabase designers and developers because database technologies do not make these problems magicallydisappear—database technologies simply make it easier to create solutions that avoid these problems.

Creating database designs that avoid the pitfalls of earlier systems requires that the designer understandthese problems and how to avoid them; otherwise, the database technologies are no better (and arepotentially even worse!) than the technologies and techniques they have replaced.

73. What are the problems associated with file systems? How do they challenge the types of information that can becreated from the data as well as the accuracy of the information?

ANSWER: The following problems associated with file systems, whether created by DP specialists or through aseries of spreadsheets, severely challenge the types of information that can be created from the data aswell as the accuracy of the information:

Lengthy development times.The first and most glaring problem with the file system approach isthat even the simplest data-retrieval task requires extensive programming. With the older filesystems, programmers had to specify what must be done and how to do it.

Difficulty of getting quick answers.The need to write programs to produce even the simplestreports makes ad hoc queries impossible. Harried DP specialists who worked with mature filesystems often received numerous requests for new reports. They were often forced to say thatthe report will be ready “next week” or even “next month.” If you need the information now,getting it next week or next month will not serve your information needs.

Complex system administration.System administration becomes more difficult as the number offiles in the system expands. Even a simple file system with a few files requires creating andmaintaining several file management programs. Each file must have its own file managementprograms that allow the user to add, modify, and delete records; to list the file contents; and togenerate reports. Because ad hoc queries are not possible, the file reporting programs canmultiply quickly. The problem is compounded by the fact that each department in the organization“owns” its data by creating its own files.

Lack of security and limited data sharing.Another fault of a file system data repository is alack of security and limited data sharing. Data sharing and security are closely related. Sharingdata among multiple geographically dispersed users introduces a lot of security risks. In terms ofspreadsheet data, while many spreadsheet programs provide rudimentary security options, theyare not always used, and even when they are, they are insufficient for robust data sharing amongusers. In terms of creating data management and reporting programs, security and data-sharingfeatures are difficult to program and consequently are often omitted from a file systemenvironment. Such features include effective password protection, the ability to lock out parts offiles or parts of the system itself, and other measures designed to safeguard data confidentiality.Even when an attempt is made to improve system and data security, the security devices tend tobe limited in scope and effectiveness.

Extensive programming.Making changes to an existing file structure can be difficult in a filesystem environment.

74. Describe the five types of users identified in a database system.

ANSWER: 1. System administrators oversee the database system’s general operations.

2. Database administrators, also known as DBAs, manage the DBMS and ensure that the databaseis functioning properly.

3. Database designers design the database structure. They are, in effect, the database architects. Ifthe database design is poor, even the best application programmers and the most dedicated DBAscannot produce a useful database environment. Because organizations strive to optimize their dataresources, the database designer’s job description has expanded to cover new dimensions andgrowing responsibilities.

4. System analysts and programmers design and implement the application programs. They designand create the data-entry screens, reports, and procedures through which end users access andmanipulate the database’s data.

5. End users are the people who use the application programs to run the organization’s dailyoperations. For example, sales clerks, supervisors, managers, and directors are all classified asend users. High-level end users employ the information obtained from the database to maketactical and strategic business decisions.

75. What are the disadvantages of database systems?

ANSWER: Although the database system yields considerable advantages over previous data managementapproaches, database systems do carry significant disadvantages:

Increased costs. Database systems require sophisticated hardware and software and highlyskilled personnel. The cost of maintaining the hardware, software, and personnel required tooperate and manage a database system can be substantial. Training, licensing, and regulationcompliance costs are often overlooked when database systems are implemented.

Management complexity. Database systems interface with many different technologies and havea significant impact on a company’s resources and culture. The changes introduced by theadoption of a database system must be properly managed to ensure that they help advance thecompany’s objectives. Because database systems hold crucial company data that are accessedfrom multiple sources, security issues must be assessed constantly.

Maintaining currency. To maximize the efficiency of the database system, you must keep yoursystem current. Therefore, you must perform frequent updates and apply the latest patches andsecurity measures to all components. Because database technology advances rapidly, personneltraining costs tend to be significant.

Vendor dependence. Given the heavy investment in technology and personnel training,companies might be reluctant to change database vendors. As a consequence, vendors are lesslikely to offer pricing point advantages to existing customers, and those customers might be limitedin their choice of database system components.

Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles. DBMS vendors frequently upgrade their products byadding new functionality. Such new features often come bundled in new upgrade versions of thesoftware. Some of these versions require hardware upgrades. Not only do the upgradesthemselves cost money, it also costs money to train database users and administrators to properlyuse and manage the new features.

76. Discuss any three functions performed by the DBMS that guarantee the integrity and consistency of the data in thedatabase.

ANSWER: (answers may vary)

Data dictionary management. The DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary. In turn, all programs that access the data in the database work through the DBMS. The DBMS uses the data dictionary to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relieving you from having to code such complex relationships in each program. Additionally, any changes made in a database structure are automatically recorded in the data dictionary, thereby freeing you from having to modify all of the programs that access the changed structure. In other words, the DBMS provides data abstraction, and it removes structural and data dependence from the system.

Data storage management. The DBMS creates and manages the complex structures required for data storage, thus relieving you from the difficult task of defining and programming the physical data characteristics. A modern DBMS provides storage not only for the data but for related data-entry forms or screen definitions, report definitions, data validation rules, procedural code, structures to handle video and picture formats, and so on. Data storage management is also important for database performance tuning. Performance tuning relates to the activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed. Although the user sees the database as a single data storage unit, the DBMS actually stores the database in multiple physical data files. Such data files may even be stored on different storage media. Therefore, the DBMS doesn’t have to wait for one disk request to finish before the next onestarts. In other words, the DBMS can fulfill database requests concurrently.

Data transformation and presentation. The DBMS transforms entered data to conform torequired data structures. The DBMS relieves you of the chore of distinguishing between thelogical data format and the physical data format. That is, the DBMS formats the physicallyretrieved data to make it conform to the user’s logical expectations.

Security management. The DBMS creates a security system that enforces user security anddata privacy. Security rules determine which users can access the database, which data itemseach user can access, and which data operations (read, add, delete, or modify) the user canperform. This is especially important in multiuser database systems.

#Test Bank Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 11th Edition

0 notes

edwardsherwood-blog · 7 years ago

Text

Test Bank Database Processing 11th Edition

For Order This And Any Other Test

Banks And Solutions Manuals, Course,

Assignments, Discussions, Quizzes, Exams,

Database Processing, 11e (Kroenke)

Chapter 1: Introduction

1) The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

2) In a database, each table stores data about a different type of thing.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

3) In a database, each row in a spreadsheet has data about a particular instance.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

4) In every database, not just the databases discussed in this book, table names are capitalized.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

5) A database shows data in tables and the relationships among the rows in those tables.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4

6) Data is recorded facts and figures; information is knowledge derived from data.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5

7) Databases record data in such a way that they can produce information.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

8) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an example of a data mining application.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6-7

9) Small databases typically have simple structures.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8

10) Microsoft Access is a low-end product intended for individuals and small workgroups.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14

11) Applications are computer programs used directly by users.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8

12) Sequenced Query Language (SQL) is an internationally recognized standard language that is understood by all commercial database management system products.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8

13) A database management system (DBMS) creates, processes and administers databases.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11

14) Microsoft Access is just a DBMS.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13

15) The DBMS engine in Microsoft Access is called Jet.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14

16) In Microsoft Access, you can use the Oracle DBMS in place of the Jet DBMS.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14

17) In an Enterprise-class database system, a database application interacts with the DBMS.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

18) In an Enterprise-class database system, a database application accesses the database data.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

19) In an Enterprise-class database system, business users interact directly with the DBMS, which directly accesses the database data.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

20) All database applications get and put database data by sending SQL statements to the DBMS.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

21) The DBMS ranked as having the "most power and features" in the text is IBM's DB2.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

22) The DBMS ranked as being the "most difficult to use" in the text is Oracle Corporation's Oracle Database.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

23) The DBMS ranked as being the "easiest to use" in the text is Microsoft's SQL Server.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

24) The DBMS ranked as having the "least power and features" in the text is Microsoft Access.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

25) A database is called "self-describing" because it reduces data duplication.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12

26) The description of a database's structure that is stored within the database itself is called the "metadata."

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12 Fig 1-14

27) In a database processing system, indexes are held by the database management system (DBMS).

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 11 Fig 1-12

28) Database design is important, but fortunately it is simple to do.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16

29) A database design may be a new systems development project.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

30) A database design is rarely a redesign of an existing database.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

31) Information systems that stored groups of records in separate files were called file processing systems.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19-20 Fig 1-25

32) Data Language/I (DL/I) structured data relationships as a tree structure.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 21 Fig 1-25

33) The CODASYL DBTG mode structured data relationships as a tree structure.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 22 Fig 1-25

34) The relational model was first proposed in 1970 by E. F. Codd at IBM.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22

35) The 1977 edition of this text contained a chapter on the relational model, and that chapter was reviewed by E. F. Codd.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 22

36) dBase was the first PC-based DBMS to implement true relational algebra on a PC.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 23

37) Paradox is the only major survivor of the "bloodbath of PC DBMS products."

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23

38) Business organizations have resisted adopting object-oriented database systems because the cost of purchasing OODBMS packages is prohibitively high.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 23

39) Bill Gates has said that "XML is the lingua-franca of the Internet Age."

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24

40) XML Web services allow database processing to be shared across the Internet.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24

41) The purpose of a database is to:

A) help people keep track of things.

B) store data in tables.

C) create tables of rows and columns.

D) maintain data on different things in different tables.

E) All of the above.

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

42) A database stores:

A) data.

B) relationships.

C) metadata.

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3-4 and 12

43) A database records:

A) facts.

B) figures.

C) information.

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: D

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

44) A sales contact manager used by a salesperson is an example of a(n) ________.

A) single-user database application

B) multiuser database application

C) e-commerce database application

D) A or B

E) Any of A, B or C

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 and Fig 1-5

45) A Customer Resource Management (CRM) system is an example of a(n) ________.

A) single-user database application

B) multiuser database application

C) e-commerce database application

D) A or B

E) Any of A, B or C

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8 and Fig 1-5

46) An online drugstore such as Drugstore.com is an example of a(n) ________.

A) single-user database application

B) multiuser database application

C) e-commerce database application

D) A or B

E) Any of A, B or C

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 Fig 1-5

47) The industry standard supported by all major DBMSs that allows tables to be joined together is called ________.

A) Sequential Query Language (SQL)

B) Structured Question Language (SQL)

C) Structured Query Language (SQL)

D) Relational Question Language (RQL)

E) Relational Query Language (RQL)

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8

48) A program whose job is to create, process and administer databases is called the ________.

A) Database Modeling System

B) Database Management System

C) Data Business Model System

D) Relational Model Manager

E) Data Business Management Service

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8

49) Microsoft Access includes:

A) a DBMS.

B) an application generator.

C) a Web server.

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: D

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13 Fig 1-15

50) Microsoft Access may use which of the following DBMS engines?

A) Jet

B) SQL Server

C) Oracle

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: D

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 14

51) Which of the following are basic components of an enterprise-class database system?

A) The user

B) The database application

C) The database management system (DBMS)

D) The database

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

52) In an enterprise-class database system ________.

A) the database application(s) interact(s) with the DBMS

B) the database application(s) access(es) the database data

C) the DBMS accesses the database data

D) A and B

E) A and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

53) In an enterprise-class database system, the database application ________.

A) creates queries

B) creates forms

C) creates reports

D) A and B

E) B and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

54) In an enterprise-class database system, reports are created by ________.

A) the user

B) the database application

C) the database management system (DBMS)

D) the database

E) All of the above

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

55) A database is considered "self-describing" because ________.

A) all the users' data is in one place

B) it reduces data duplication

C) it contains a description of its own structure

D) it contains a listing of all the programs that use it

E) All of the above

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12

56) In an enterprise-class database system, the database ________.

A) holds user data

B) holds metadata

C) holds indexes

D) holds stored procedures

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-14

57) A database may contain ________.

A) tables

B) metadata

C) triggers

D) stored procedures

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-14

58) A database may be designed ________.

A) from existing data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-18

59) A database designed using spreadsheets from the Sales department is a database being designed ________.

A) from existing data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

60) A database designed to implement requirements for a reporting application needed by the Sales department is a database being designed ________.

A) from existing non-database data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

61) A database designed to combine two databases used by the Sales department is a database being designed ________.

A) from existing data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

62) Database professionals use ________ as specific data sources for studies and analyses.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 19-20

63) Database professionals use a set of principles called ________ to guide and assess database design.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: B

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17

64) A very popular development technique used by database professionals for database design is known as ________.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: D

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 17-18

65) A very popular development technique used by database professionals to adopt a database design to a new or changing requirement is known as ________.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: E

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 18-19

66) The predecessor(s) of database processing was (were) ________.

A) file managers

B) hierarchical models

C) network models

D) relational data model

E) All of the above were predecessors of database processing.

Answer: A

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 20-23

67) The relational model ________.

A) was first proposed in 1970

B) was developed by E. F. Codd

C) was developed at IBM

D) resulted in the DBMS product DB2

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 22-23

68) Modern microcomputer personal DBMS products ________.

A) are supplied by several well-established manufacturers

B) were essentially killed off by MS Access

C) have poor response time

D) are not true DBMS products

E) are really just programming languages with generalized file-processing capabilities

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22-23

69) Business organizations have resisted adopting object-oriented database management systems because ________.

A) object-oriented programming uses simplified data structures that fit easily into relational databases

B) the cost of purchasing OODBMS packages is prohibitively high

C) the cost of converting data from relational databases to OODBMSs is too high

D) most large organizations have older applications that are not based on object oriented programming

E) C and D

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23

70) For database development, the most important Web-related technology to emerge in recent years is:

A) FTP.

B) HTTP.

C) XML.

D) OODBMS.

E) All of the above.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23-24

71) The purpose of a database is to ________.

Answer: help people keep track of things

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

72) In a database, each ________ stores data about a different type of thing.

Answer: table

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3

73) In a database, each ________ in a database has data about a particular instance.

Answer: table

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

74) In the databases discussed in this book, table names are ________.

Answer: capitalized

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3

75) A database shows data in tables and ________ among the rows of those tables.

Answer: the relationships

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4

76) ________ is recorded facts and figures; ________ is knowledge derived from data.

Answer: Data; information

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 and 5-6

77) Databases record ________ in such a way that they can produce ________.

Answer: data; information

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6

78) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an example of a ________.

Answer: multiuser database

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6-7 Fig 1-5

79) ________ do not necessarily have simple structures.

Answer: Small databases

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8

80) Computer programs used directly by users are called ________.

Answer: applications

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8

81) ________ is an internationally recognized standard language that is understood by all commercial database management system products.

Answer: Structured Query Language (SQL)

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8

82) A ________ is used to create, process and administer databases.

Answer: database management system (DBMS)

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8

83) ________ is a DBMS combined with an application generator.

Answer: Microsoft Access

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13-14

84) In an enterprise-class database system, a ________ interacts with the DBMS.

Answer: database application

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

85) All database applications get and put database data by sending ________ to the DBMS.

Answer: SQL statements

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

86) The DBMS ranked as having the "most power and features" in the text is ________.

Answer: Oracle database

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 11

87) The DBMS ranked as being the "easiest to use" in the text is ________.

Answer: Microsoft Access

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16

88) A database is called ________ because it contains a description of itself.

Answer: "self-describing"

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12

89) ________ is the description of a database's structure that is stored within the database itself.

Answer: Metadata

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-13

90) In an enterprise-class database system, indexes are held by the ________.

Answer: database

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-14

91) Business information systems that stored groups of records in separate files were called ________.

Answer: file processing systems

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20-21 Fig 1-25

92) Data Language/I (DL/I) structured data relationships in a data structure known as a ________.

Answer: tree structure

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 21-22 Fig 1-25

93) The CODSYL DBTG mode structured data relationships in a data structure known as a ________.

Answer: network

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 22 Fig 1-25

94) The relational model was first proposed in 1970 by ________ at IBM.

Answer: E. F. Codd

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22

95) The 1977 edition of this text was the first edition of this book that contained a description of the ________.

Answer: relational model

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 20

96) ________ was the first PC based DBMS to implement true relational algebra on a PC.

Answer: R:base

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 23

97) ________ is the only major survivor of the "bloodbath of PC DBMS products."

Answer: Microsoft Access

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23

98) Business organizations have resisted adopting ________ because of the difficulty of converting existing databases.

Answer: object-oriented database management systems (OODBMSs)

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 23

99) ________ has said that "XML is the lingua-franca of the Internet Age."

Answer: Bill Gates

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24

100) ________ allow database processing to be shared across the Internet.

Answer: XML Web services

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 24

101) What is the purpose of a database, and how does the database accomplish this purpose?

Answer: The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things. It accomplishes this purpose by storing data in tables. Each table has rows and columns, similar to a spreadsheet. A database usually has multiple tables in order to keep track of different but related things. For example, we might have a CUSTOMER table to keep track of customers and a PRODUCT table to keep track of the things we sell. Each row in each table holds data about a particular instance, i.e., one customer or one product. The database also stores the links between the tables, so that we can track which customers bought which products (note: this will require an additional table if one customer can buy more than one product and one product can be sold to more than one customer).

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3-5

102) What are the four components of a database system?

Answer: The four components in a database system are: the user, the database application, the database management system (DBMS) and the database. The user interacts with the database application, which interacts with the DBMS, which controls the database. The functions of the database application include creating and processing forms, creating and transmitting queries and creating and processing reports. The DBMS creates databases, tables and supporting structures, manages database data, enforces rules and provides security. The database stores the user data, the database metadata, indexes, triggers, stored procedures and application metadata.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8-13

103) Briefly describe the function of an application program in a database system.

Answer: The application program is responsible for creating and processing forms. The application displays the form to the user, allows the user to complete the data entry, evaluates the form to determine which data management tasks need to be performed, and transmits the appropriate requests to the DBMS. The application creates and transmits queries. The queries are requests for data that are created in a language like SQL, and transmitted to the DBMS to have the requested data returned to the application program. The application also creates and processes reports. The query to retrieve the necessary data for the report is sent to the DBMS. When the DBMS returns the needed data, the application manipulates it as necessary to create the requested report. The application program also applies application logic to control the manipulation of data in accordance with the business rules. Finally, the application program is responsible for providing control. Control must be exercised to allow the users to make choices for functions and tasks as appropriate for their jobs. Also, control must be exercised to manage the activities of the DBMS.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9-11

104) What components are included in a database?

Answer: The database contains user data, metadata, indexes and other overhead data, and application metadata. User data is the data from the user's environment that they want to track. Metadata is data about the structure of the database. Indexes and other overhead data are structures that the database uses to improve performance. Finally, the application metadata is data about forms, reports, and other application components that some databases, particularly those created with desktop DBMS products, store with the database.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13-14

105) Why do we say a database is "self-describing" and why is this an advantage?

Answer: A database is considered self-describing because it contains a description of its own structure within the database itself. This description is called the metadata, and it is stored in specialized tables in relational databases. The advantage is that the database is self-documenting, and that a knowledgeable user or a database designer can easily access the metadata. All DBMS vendors provide tools to access the metadata within their products.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 12-13

106) What is "metadata" and how does it relate to the definition of a database?

Answer: Metadata is data about the structure of the database itself. This includes data about the names of all the tables in the database, the names of all the columns in each of the tables, the data type of each column in each table, the properties of the tables and the columns, etc. Metadata accounts for the "self-describing" aspect of the definition of a database as a "self-describing collection of integrated tables."

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12-13

107) Briefly describe the function of the DBMS in a database system.

Answer: The DBMS creates the database and the tables and structures within it. The DBMS also reads and updates the database data. It receives requests from application programs to perform data maintenance tasks. These requests are translated into actions that are performed on the database. In addition to maintaining the user data within the database, the DBMS also maintains the database structures. The DBMS also enforces any rules that have been defined to govern the values of the data, such as data type requirements and referential integrity constraints. The DBMS controls concurrency issues, which deal with the unwanted interruption of one user's work by another user's work. As the only point of entry into the database, the DBMS also provides security for the database to restrict users' access to only the data that they have authority to read or modify. Finally, the DBMS is responsible for the creation of backup copies of the database data and for restoring the database in case a recovery is required.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11-12

108) What are "referential integrity constraints"? Give an example.

Answer: A referential integrity constraint is a rule that restricts certain actions on the database data. A referential integrity constraint is used to ensure that the values in a field in one table have matching tables in a corresponding field in another table. These constraints are enforced by the DBMS, which will not allow changes to the values of the database that would result in violations of this rule. For example, a database has an EMPLOYEE table and a VEHICLE table that are used to store data on employees and the vehicles that they are assigned to drive. The EMPLOYEE table has a column called EmployeeID that is used to distinguish one employee record from another. The VEHICLE table also has an EmployeeID column that is used to associate a vehicle with the appropriate employee. A referential integrity constraint could be used to prevent a vehicle from being assigned to an employee with an EmployeeID that does not appear in the EMPLOYEE table by requiring that all values in EmployeeID in the VEHICLE table have a matching value in EmployeeID in the EMPLOYEE table.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 11

109) What are the three types of database design situations?

Answer: Database designs can be based on (1) existing data, (2) new systems development and (3) database redesign. Database designs from existing data may be based on data in spreadsheets or other data tables, or on data extracted from other databases. New systems development gathers user requirements for needed applications and designs a database to meet those requirements. Database redesign may be needed to migrate existing databases to a newer DBMS, or to integrate multiple existing databases.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

110) Briefly describe the history of database processing.

Answer: The predecessor of database processing was file processing, where data were maintained on magnetic tape. Database processing as we know it today became possible with the availability of direct access disk storage in the 1960s. Using this storage, both the hierarchical data model and then the network data model were developed. In 1970, E. F. Codd of IBM proposed the relational model, which is the standard model used today. Current DBMSs such as DB2, Oracle and SQL Server are based on the relational model. The appearance of microcomputer based DBMSs, in the 1980s led to a "bloodbath" from which Microsoft Access emerged as the dominant PC workstation DBMS. More recent events include the introduction of object-oriented DBMSs (OODBMSs), and the development of tools such as XML to allow the use of database systems over the Internet.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 18-22 Fig 1-18

#Test Bank Database Processing 11th Edition

0 notes