#Uluburun

[almertola]

The Ulu Burun wax tablet, the oldest notebook? via https://itsallgreektoanna.wordpress.com/2021/04/26/wax-tablets-in-the-ancient-world/

[ancientstuff]

Yet more evidence for ancient trade networks that were complex and far-reaching. The ancient world was SUCH a busy place!

[fromthedust]

Ceremonial Scepter/Mace from Uluburun Shipwreck - volcanic stone - Bulgaria or Romania,  Late Bronze Age - late 14th century BCE

[danieleneandermancini]

STUDI DEFINITIVI SULLA PROVENIENZA DEI METALLI RINVENUTI NEL RELITTO DI ULUBURUN, TURCHIA

STUDI DEFINITIVI SULLA PROVENIENZA DEI METALLI RINVENUTI NEL RELITTO DI ULUBURUN, TURCHIA Uno dei più famosi naufragi dell'antichità avvenuti del Mar Mediterraneo, quello al largo delle coste orientali di Uluburun, nell'odierna Turchia, è famoso perché trasportava tonnellate di metalli rari. Dalla sua scoperta nel 1982, team di ricercatori hanno studiato il contenuto del relitto di Uluburun per ottenere...

Uno dei più famosi naufragi dell’antichità avvenuti del Mar Mediterraneo, quello al largo delle coste orientali di Uluburun, nell’odierna Turchia, è famoso perché trasportava tonnellate di metalli rari. Dalla sua scoperta nel 1982, team di ricercatori hanno studiato il contenuto del relitto di Uluburun per ottenere una migliore comprensione delle organizzazioni umane e  politiche che hanno…

[whencyclopedia]

The Uluburun shipwreck is a Bronze Age vessel discovered lying off the coast of Kas, Turkey. The ship, probably originally from Phoenicia/Canaan, dates to between 1330 and 1300 BCE and was carrying a full cargo of trade goods, perhaps from a port in the southern part of ancient Lycia and likely on its way to the Greek mainland. Marine archaeologists excavated the site over eleven seasons beginning in 1984 CE and have accumulated over 17 tons of artefacts - a treasure trove of goods and information on the trade and cultural interaction across the ancient Bronze Age Mediterranean.

[chimaerakitten]

so @darlingofdots's awesome Temeraire!universe historian post mentioned the wreck of the HMS Allegiance and I have been thinking about where it is literally all day.

Not just where as in "somewhere in the South Pacific" (because duh) but also, specifically, how deep, and therefore how the wreck would be studied.

Because a lot of archaeologically significant shipwrecks are pretty shallow, since they're the wrecks we can dive to, either on normal air scuba tanks or mixed gas. The Uluburun shipwreck off Turkey, for example, sits between 44 and 61 meters deep, which is right on the edge for air diving. The archaeologists could only be at the bottom for 20 ish minutes at a time, two times per day, with careful decompression timing as they went up to avoid the bends and not-insignificant amounts of nitrogen narcosis at the bottom. Mixed gas goes deeper, 100 meters or so for some of the more available ones. (there's a Phoenician shipwreck off the coast of Malta that's about 110 meters deep, and was excavated by technical divers) Beyond that it's just commercial divers laying oil pipelines with the super $$$ gas at depths of up to 500 meters or so. Anything deeper than that is the domain of submarines and robots.

and really, all of that ^ paragraph is just tangential set dressing that I added because I like shipwreck archaeology, because knowing the Allegiance went down in the middle of the South Pacific meant it was always going to a be a submarines-and-robots wreck. The middle of the Pacific Ocean is uh. deep. but I wanted to find out exactly how deep.

so the map from Crucible of Gold puts the sinking at a little under 50°S and a little over 121°W, which the NOAA bathymetric data viewer says is just about 3000 meters deep

Since that's an extremely boring screenshot, here's the CoG map overlayed on a bathymetric map:

It's actually on a bit of a ridge there! which is why it's at 3000 meters and not deeper.

We do find and investigate wrecks at that depth and deeper these days. The Titanic is at 3800 meters, and it has been investigated extensively (though we also have a recent pretty major news story about why thats still difficult and uh, very dangerous) The USS Samuel B Roberts was found at 6895 meters, and perhaps most relevantly, the search for Malaysa airlines flight MH370 turned up two 19th century shipwrecks at 3500+ meters deep, over 2000 kilometers off the coast of Australia.

One of those wrecks was a wooden ship from either the 1870s or 1880s, and though, being wood, it was pretty badly decayed, its cargo (coal) and metal features (anchor and water tanks) were still extant. On the Allegiance, that would also include her guns and her metal keel (which would probably be the identifying feature TBH, the keel marking her as definitely a dragon transport)

That wreck is probably the best parallel to the Allegiance in other ways, being a wooden sailing ship with a wreck not only very deep but also very remote. It also probably went down due to an explosion, just like the Allegiance. They were common on coal-carrying vessels, and the sonar images showed the cargo was scattered across the seafloor like something catastrophic happened.

The Allegiance would be more remote than its real-world parallel, but anyone looking for it would be hunting for it specifically and would be armed with probably a decent idea of where she was when she went down, seeing as there were survivors who would have been very keen to remember where they were so they could know how close they were to land. Plus, much like the Titanic (though not to the same extent) there'd probably be funding to investigate the Allegiance once found, as she had a part to play in major political turning points on at least three continents. People tend to be interested enough to throw money at that sort of thing.

So, there you have it. It would take a pretty serious effort to find her, though not an impossible one, and once found she'd be investigated by shipwreck robots, which would bring back pictures and samples of her metal remains, with organic matter being mostly absent by the time she was found.

[blueiscoool]

(Ancient chariots from the Yinxu site in China)

Six Archaeological Discoveries to Rival Tutankhamun's Tomb

From the Terracotta army to the Flores ‘Hobbit’, these are the discoveries that experts argue are more significant than the unearthing of Tutankhamun’s resting place.

Archaeologists have made many stunning discoveries down the years. These have changed our thinking on how our species became the only humans on the planet, how civilisations arose across the world and how international trade first began.

Mycenae Grave Circle

In the late 19th century, archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated a circle of six royal graves at the citadel of Mycenae in southern Greece. He found a hoard of golden treasures from the 16th century BC, including the “Mask of Agamemnon”, which Schliemann believed was worn by Mycenae’s mythological ruler, who fought in the Trojan war. That is unlikely, but the find “revolutionised our comprehension of the Mediterranean”, says Jack Davis at the University of Cincinnati in Ohio, revealing the previously unknown Aegean civilisations that preceded historical Greece.

Terracotta Army and the Ancient Site of Yinxu

In 1974, workers digging near the city of Xi’an, China, uncovered a life-size clay soldier poised for battle. Archaeologists soon found an entire terracotta army, guarding the tomb of the 3rd-century-BC emperor Qin Shi Huang. Rowan Flad at Harvard University highlights the site along with Yinxu, the last capital of the Shang dynasty (see picture at the top of the page). This city, which dates to the late 2nd millennium BC and so is much older than the Terracotta army, revealed a golden age of early Chinese culture, including palaces, a flood-control system and inscribed oracle bones – the earliest evidence of the Chinese written language. Both “were true discoveries of things and stories that had been long forgotten”, says Flad.

Hand Axes of Hoxne

In 1797, antiquary John Frere wrote to colleagues describing sharpened flints uncovered by brickworkers in Hoxne, England. The stones lay 4 metres deep, alongside the bones of enormous, unknown animals and beneath layers apparently once at the bottom of the sea. Frere suggested they belonged “to a very remote period… even beyond that of the present world”. His discovery of what we now know are Palaeolithic hand axes “revealed for the first time the long-term, deep-time human past”, says Mike Parker Pearson at University College London, “challenging the biblical notion that the world was created in 4004 BC.”

Uluburun

This Bronze Age shipwreck, found off the coast of Turkey in 1982, stands as “one of the great underwater discoveries”, says Brendan Foley at Lund University in Sweden. Once described as “Wall Street in a ship“, it transformed historians’ understanding of the era by revealing an astonishing web of trade contacts. The wreck’s vast cargo represented at least 11 different cultures and included weapons, jewellery, ostrich eggs, resin, spices and copper ingots from as far afield as Egypt, Cyprus and Asia.

The Flores ‘Hobbit’

The shock discovery of diminutive humans who once lived on the Indonesian island of Flores was the “JFK moment” of modern archaeology, says Adam Brumm at Griffith University in Australia, in the sense that scientists in the field still remember where they were when they heard the news. The tiny bones, discovered in a cave in 2003, showed that individuals (subsequently dubbed Homo floresiensis) grew to just over 1 metre tall and lived alongside giant lizards. For Brumm, “it was an electrifying and totally unexpected find”.

[sciencespies]

Six archaeological discoveries to rival Tutankhamun's tomb

https://sciencespies.com/humans/six-archaeological-discoveries-to-rival-tutankhamuns-tomb/

Six archaeological discoveries to rival Tutankhamun's tomb

From the Terracotta army to the Flores ‘Hobbit’, these are the discoveries that experts argue are more significant than the unearthing of Tutankhamun’s resting place

Humans 2 November 2022

By Jo Marchant

Ancient chariots from the Yinxu site in China

Imaginechina Limited/Alamy

Archaeologists have made many stunning discoveries down the years. These have changed our thinking on how our species became the only humans on the planet, how civilisations arose across the world and how international trade first began.

As the world marks the 100th anniversary of one of the most famous archaeological finds of all time – the unearthing of Tutankhamun’s tomb in Egypt – New Scientist asked archaeologists who work at sites scattered across the world, from Greece to Indonesia, to nominate the discoveries they think are even more significant.

Advertisement

Mycenae Grave Circle

In the late 19th century, archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated a circle of six royal graves at the citadel of Mycenae in southern Greece. He found a hoard of golden treasures from the 16th century BC, including the “Mask of Agamemnon”, which Schliemann believed was worn by Mycenae’s mythological ruler, who fought in the Trojan war. That is unlikely, but the find “revolutionised our comprehension of the Mediterranean”, says Jack Davis at the University of Cincinnati in Ohio, revealing the previously unknown Aegean civilisations that preceded historical Greece.

The Mask of Agamemnon, one of the most famous discoveries at Mycenae

World History Archive/Alamy

Terracotta Army and the ancient site of Yinxu

In 1974, workers digging near the city of Xi’an, China, uncovered a life-size clay soldier poised for battle. Archaeologists soon found an entire terracotta army, guarding the tomb of the 3rd-century-BC emperor Qin Shi Huang. Rowan Flad at Harvard University highlights the site along with Yinxu, the last capital of the Shang dynasty (see picture at the top of the page). This city, which dates to the late 2nd millennium BC and so is much older than the Terracotta army, revealed a golden age of early Chinese culture, including palaces, a flood-control system and inscribed oracle bones – the earliest evidence of the Chinese written language. Both “were true discoveries of things and stories that had been long forgotten”, says Flad.

The Terracotta army began to re-emerge from the ground in the 1970s

Melvyn Longhurst China/Alamy

Hand axes of Hoxne

In 1797, antiquary John Frere wrote to colleagues describing sharpened flints uncovered by brickworkers in Hoxne, England. The stones lay 4 metres deep, alongside the bones of enormous, unknown animals and beneath layers apparently once at the bottom of the sea. Frere suggested they belonged “to a very remote period… even beyond that of the present world”. His discovery of what we now know are Palaeolithic hand axes “revealed for the first time the long-term, deep-time human past”, says Mike Parker Pearson at University College London, “challenging the biblical notion that the world was created in 4004 BC.”

Stone Age hand-axes were discovered in Hoxne, England, in the late 18th century

Science History Images/Alamy

Uluburun

This Bronze Age shipwreck, found off the coast of Turkey in 1982, stands as “one of the great underwater discoveries”, says Brendan Foley at Lund University in Sweden. Once described as “Wall Street in a ship“, it transformed historians’ understanding of the era by revealing an astonishing web of trade contacts. The wreck’s vast cargo represented at least 11 different cultures and included weapons, jewellery, ostrich eggs, resin, spices and copper ingots from as far afield as Egypt, Cyprus and Asia.

A replica of the Uluburun ship wreck, a boat lost in the Mediterranean during a Bronze Age storm

WaterFrame/Alamy

The Flores ‘Hobbit’

The shock discovery of diminutive humans who once lived on the Indonesian island of Flores was the “JFK moment” of modern archaeology, says Adam Brumm at Griffith University in Australia, in the sense that scientists in the field still remember where they were when they heard the news. The tiny bones, discovered in a cave in 2003, showed that individuals (subsequently dubbed Homo floresiensis) grew to just over 1 metre tall and lived alongside giant lizards. For Brumm, “it was an electrifying and totally unexpected find”.

Homo floresiensis, an ancient human species that surprised everyone

Cicero Moraes et al. (CC BY 4.0)

More on these topics:

#Humans

[haber-euro-turk]

Bodrum Kalesi gece gezmek isteyenlere keyifli ortam sunuyor

Bodrum‘un simgesi haline gelen ve 2016’dan bu yana UNESCO Dünya Mirası Geçici Listesi’nde yer alan Bodrum Kalesi, her yıl binlerce yerli ve yabancı turist ağırlıyor. “St. Jean Şövalyeleri’nin kalesi” olarak da bilinen yapıda birçok kule yer alıyor. Uluburun Batığı, Serçe Limanı Cam Batığı, Doğu Roma Gemisi, Nefertiti’nin Altın Skarabe Mührü, Altın Kadeh ve Bronz Mermer Gözler gibi nadide…

[shrutius]

Discovering Bodrum: Top Places to Visit in Turkey's Coastal Gem

Nestled along the azure Aegean coast of Turkey, Bodrum beckons travelers with its blend of ancient history, vibrant culture, and stunning landscapes. Known for its picturesque beaches, lively nightlife, and historical sites, Bodrum offers something for every traveler. Whether you're seeking relaxation, adventure, or a journey through history, here are the top places to visit in Bodrum:

1. Bodrum Castle (Castle of St. Peter) Dominating the city's harbor, Bodrum Castle is a medieval fortress built by the Knights of St. John in the 15th century. Explore its well-preserved halls, towers, and dungeons, which now house the Museum of Underwater Archaeology, showcasing artifacts from shipwrecks and ancient civilizations.

2. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus once stood in Bodrum. Although largely in ruins today, its remnants and artifacts can be seen at the British Museum and the local Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology.

3. Bodrum Amphitheater Dating back to the 4th century BCE, this ancient Greek theater offers stunning views over Bodrum and the sea. It hosts cultural events and concerts during the summer months, providing a unique experience amidst ancient ruins.

4. Bodrum Beaches From bustling party beaches to secluded coves, Bodrum boasts some of Turkey's most beautiful shores. Gumbet Beach, Bitez Beach, and Camel Beach (Camel Çökertme Bay) are popular spots for sunbathing, water sports, and relaxing by the turquoise waters.

5. Bodrum Marina A hub of luxury yachts, charming cafes, and upscale boutiques, Bodrum Marina is perfect for a leisurely stroll or a romantic evening. Enjoy waterfront dining with views of the castle and the glittering sea.

6. Windmills of Bodrum Peninsula Located on the hills overlooking Bodrum, these historical windmills offer panoramic views of the peninsula and are a photographer's delight, especially during sunset.

7. Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology Housed within Bodrum Castle, this museum showcases an impressive collection of artifacts recovered from ancient shipwrecks, including the famous Uluburun Shipwreck.

8. Yalikavak Marina Located on the northwest coast of Bodrum Peninsula, Yalikavak Marina is known for its upscale restaurants, designer shops, and vibrant nightlife. It's a favorite spot for yacht enthusiasts and those seeking a taste of luxury.

9. Bodrum Market (Cumhuriyet Street) Explore the bustling bazaar in Bodrum's town center, where you can find everything from spices and textiles to handmade crafts and souvenirs. It's a great place to immerse yourself in local culture and pick up unique gifts.

10. Hamam (Turkish Bath) Experience Complete your Bodrum journey with a traditional Turkish bath experience. Relax and rejuvenate in a historic hamam, where you can indulge in steam baths, massages, and centuries-old cleansing rituals.

Bodrum's charm lies in its ability to blend ancient history with modern-day pleasures, offering visitors a diverse range of experiences against a backdrop of stunning natural beauty. Whether you're exploring its archaeological wonders, lounging on its pristine beaches, or savoring its culinary delights, Bodrum promises an unforgettable Turkish adventure.

[whencyclopedes]

Pecio de Uluburun

El pecio de Uluburun es un barco naufragado de la Edad del Bronce descubierto en la costa de Kas, Turquía. El barco, que probablemente era originario de Fenicia/Canaán, data de entre 1330 y 1300 a.C. y llevaba un cargamento entero de mercancías, puede que de un puerto de la región del sur de la antigua Licia de camino a la Grecia continental. Los arqueólogos marinos han realizado exploraciones durante once temporadas desde 1984 y han acumulado 17 toneladas de artefactos; un verdadero tesoro de artefactos e información sobre el comercio y el intercambio cultural a través del Mediterráneo en la Edad del Bronce.

Sigue leyendo...

[angelanatel]

Pingente de ouro, Deusa Asherah/Qudshu, achado no naufrágio do navio Uluburun. Idade do Bronze. 1300 AEC. Sudoeste da Turquia.

Saiba mais no Curso “Asherah: Deusa de Israel” – para uma luta anticolonial

Para informações e inscrição: https://angelanatel.wordpress.com/2022/04/06/curso-asherah-deusa-de-israel/

Se você deseja explicação, orientação, recomendações bibliográficas personalizadas ou aulas específicas, entre em contato pelo e-mail eetown@gmail.com e solicite um orçamento. Terei prazer em atender, esse é o meu trabalho. Não atendo através de minhas redes sociais. Valorize o trabalho de professores. Hora/aula - R$ 100,00 Pacote de 4 horas/aula - R$ 300,00 FORMAS DE PAGAMENTO: 1. Pix: eetown@gmail.com 2. PicPay: @angelanatel 3. Mercado Pago: link.mercadopago.com.br/angelanatel (nesse caso acrescentando 5 reais ao valor total) 4. PayPal - eetown@gmail.com (nesse caso acrescentando 7 reais ao valor total) 5. PagSeguro: 1 hora/aula - https://pag.ae/7YYLCQ99u Pacote de 4 horas/aula - https://pag.ae/7YYLEGWG8 Sobre mim e meu trabalho: https://linktr.ee/angelanatel

[covenawhite66]

This ship tells us about trade routes in the Bronze Age 3,000 years ago. It was rediscovered in 1982 by a sponge diver in the Mediterranean Sea.

It contained pottery, jewelry, food and 11 metric tons of Bronze.

Tin is a rare mineral compared to copper. Both tin and copper combined to make bronze. The bronze came from an area in the modern nation of Turkey.

[friendswithclay]

“Excavating a ceramic krater from the Kas wreck at Uluburun, Turkey, using an airlift. (© INA)”

From: “Encyclopedia of underwater and maritime archaeology” 1997.