#Write a complete program to read 20 data values

[wormheamer]

wormboard devlog 1/?

there are two main things i've been working on lately, which are

(a) reducing the amount of space brushstroke data takes up on disk : not a huge problem right now, but crosses over to saving on bandwidth when i get around to networking stuff.

and (b) partitioning the infinite canvas. up until now i've just been drawing the whole canvas every frame, which gets exponentially worse the more that gets drawn. it still performs ok, since this is a decent computer and i can only draw so many lines so quickly, but all the public whiteboard fox stuff i've taken part in have been SUPER slow.

problem A wasn't too bad! each brushstroke is made up of two things: one byte for a color value, 0-255, an 8-byte unsigned integer holding the number of points in the line, and then that number of point values. each point is three single precision floating-point numbers, 4 bytes each for x position, y position, and size.

we probably won't ever need more than 65535 points in a single stroke --- 8 bytes down to 2.

for points, three more things need to be stored: the largest point size (S), the longest distance between two points (D), and the absolute (x0, y0) coordinates of the first point. then instead of storing absolute coordinates, we have them be relative to those --- x and y are signed bytes scaled down to 1/127th intervals of D, then added to the position of the last point. size, likewise, is stored as 255ths of S.

so long as the drifting produced by this loss of precision is kept track of and corrected for, it all works out pretty well! in the absolute worst case, only a single point, a stroke goes from 21 bytes under the old model to 20 under the new.

not much to write home about…

but a more typical stroke, 20 points long, comes from 249 bytes down to 77. much better!

old_size(n) = 9 + 12n new_size(n) = 20 + 3(n-1)

as for the canvas partitioning…

it's not just for rendering performance that i wanna get it done, but also for erasing and selecting and … basically everything, really? it's pretty central.

my first attempt was, as they say, "Жил был король когда-то, При нем блоха жила." it stinks.

basically i tried to create an infinite grid of fixed-size squares as a nested linked list: the canvas has a list of rows, each row a list of columns, each column tile a list of pointers to brushstrokes. it … kinda worked. not super well, because my implementation was bugged to hell and back, but okayish. if fixed and polished it could be decent for small-to-medium sized canvases.

but for the public whiteboards i've been in, people will tend to go off on their own and find their own corners, or draw really big pictures of rivulet encircling the entire canvas, or whatever. and when you try to do that ---

very quickly the list grid becomes untenable. most of those tiles completely empty! they only exist to create a path to get to where stuff's been drawn. it's wasteful of memory, and it's confusing, and it's slow, because the program constantly has to scan through one tile at a time, bugs in a maze.

but i want a really infinite canvas, where empty space takes up no … space. i'm very funny i know.

i'm not gonna write about the solution to that today, because i don't know what it is yet. removed the first grid implementation in favor of just testing the bounding boxes of each stroke individually to see if it's on screen, which is performing way better by virtue of how bad attempt #1 was.

the basic problem --- how to iterate over the objects in a certain area, and only those, with as little processing as possible --- seems adjacent to collision detection, so i might have to read up on the data structures they use for 2d physics simulations and such.

it occurs to me just now that i …. didn't actually need to be creating so many in-between tiles? could just search up to the edge, create a new one only if there's a suitable gap. might revisit that later, but i want to try out something a bit smarter…

quadtrees seem interesting, as a way to divide finite space, but again i need something that can grow outwards dynamically. k-d trees are the most promising thing i've seen so far, though i'm not sure i understand quite how they work yet --- something like a two-dimensional binary search tree, where you search first on one axis and then the other? they're used a lot for searching through point clouds and such, which is similar to what i'm doing. a sparse grid of canvas tiles is just a special case of a point cloud, probably.

thanks for reading

[govindhtech]

Google Cloud Parallelstore Powering AI And HPC Workloads

Parallelstore

Businesses process enormous datasets, execute intricate simulations, and train generative models with billions of parameters using artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC) applications for a variety of use cases, including LLMs, genomic analysis, quantitative analysis, and real-time sports analytics. Their storage systems are under a lot of performance pressure from these workloads, which necessitate high throughput and scalable I/O performance that keeps latencies under a millisecond even when thousands of clients are reading and writing the same shared file at the same time.

Google Cloud is thrilled to share that Parallelstore, which is unveiled at Google Cloud Next 2024, is now widely available to power these next-generation AI and HPC workloads. Parallelstore, which is based on the Distributed Asynchronous Object Storage (DAOS) architecture, combines a key-value architecture with completely distributed metadata to provide high throughput and IOPS.

Continue reading to find out how Google Parallelstore meets the demands of demanding AI and HPC workloads by enabling you to provision Google Kubernetes Engine and Compute Engine resources, optimize goodput and GPU/TPU utilization, and move data in and out of Parallelstore programmatically.

Optimize throughput and GPU/TPU use

It employs a key-value store architecture along with a distributed metadata management system to get beyond the performance constraints of conventional parallel file systems. Due to its high-throughput parallel data access, it may overwhelm each computing client’s network capacity while reducing latency and I/O constraints. Optimizing the expenses of AI workloads is dependent on maximizing good output to GPUs and TPUs, which is achieved through efficient data transmission. Google Cloud may also meet the needs of modest-to-massive AI and HPC workloads by continuously granting read/write access to thousands of virtual machines, graphics processing units, and TPUs.

The largest Parallelstore deployment of 100 TiB yields throughput scaling to around 115 GiB/s, with a low latency of ~0.3 ms, 3 million read IOPS, and 1 million write IOPS. This indicates that a large number of clients can benefit from random, dispersed access to small files on Parallelstore. According to Google Cloud benchmarks, Parallelstore’s performance with tiny files and metadata operations allows for up to 3.7x higher training throughput and 3.9x faster training timeframes for AI use cases when compared to native ML framework data loaders.

Data is moved into and out of Parallelstore using programming

For data preparation or preservation, cloud storage is used by many AI and HPC applications. You may automate the transfer of the data you want to import into Parallelstore for processing by using the integrated import/export API. With the help of the API, you may ingest enormous datasets into Parallelstore from Cloud Storage at a rate of about 20 GB per second for files bigger than 32 MB and about 5,000 files per second for smaller files.

gcloud alpha parallelstore instances import-data $INSTANCE_ID –location=$LOCATION –source-gcs-bucket-uri=gs://$BUCKET_NAME [–destination-parallelstore-path=”/”] –project= $PROJECT_ID

You can programmatically export results from an AI training task or HPC workload to Cloud Storage for additional evaluation or longer-term storage. Moreover, data pipelines can be streamlined and manual involvement reduced by using the API to automate data transfers.

gcloud alpha parallelstore instances export-data $INSTANCE_ID –location=$LOCATION –destination-gcs-bucket-uri=gs://$BUCKET_NAME [–source-parallelstore-path=”/”]

GKE resources are programmatically provisioned via the CSI driver

The Parallelstores GKE CSI driver makes it simple to effectively manage high-performance storage for containerized workloads. Using well-known Kubernetes APIs, you may access pre-existing Parallelstore instances in Kubernetes workloads or dynamically provision and manage Parallelstore file systems as persistent volumes within your GKE clusters. This frees you up to concentrate on resource optimization and TCO reduction rather than having to learn and maintain a different storage system.

ApiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: parallelstore-class provisioner: parallelstore.csi.storage.gke.io volumeBindingMode: Immediate reclaimPolicy: Delete allowedTopologies:

matchLabelExpressions:

key: topology.gke.io/zone values:

us-central1-a

The fully managed GKE Volume Populator, which automates the preloading of data from Cloud Storage straight into Parallelstore during the PersistentVolumeClaim provisioning process, will be available to preload data from Cloud Storage in the upcoming months. This helps guarantee that your training data is easily accessible, allowing you to maximize GPU and TPU use and reduce idle compute-resource time.

Utilizing the Cluster Toolkit, provide Compute Engine resources programmatically

With the Cluster Toolkit’s assistance, deploying Parallelstore instances for Compute Engine is simple. Cluster Toolkit is open-source software for delivering AI and HPC workloads; it was formerly known as Cloud HPC Toolkit. Using best practices, Cluster Toolkit allocates computing, network, and storage resources for your cluster or workload. With just four lines of code, you can integrate the Parallelstore module into your blueprint and begin using Cluster Toolkit right away. For your convenience, we’ve also included starter blueprints. Apart from the Cluster Toolkit, Parallelstore may also be deployed using Terraform templates, which minimize human overhead and support operations and provisioning processes through code.

Respo.vision

Leading sports video analytics company Respo. Vision is using it to speed up its real-time system’s transition from 4K to 8K video. Coaches, scouts, and fans can receive relevant information by having Respo.vision help gather and label granular data markers utilizing Parallelstore as the transport layer. Respo.vision was able to maintain low computation latency while managing spikes in high-performance video processing without having to make costly infrastructure upgrades because to Parallelstore.

The use of AI and HPC is expanding quickly. The storage solution you need to maintain the demanding GPU/TPUs and workloads is Parallelstore, with its novel architecture, performance, and integration with Cloud Storage, GKE, and Compute Engine.

Read more on govindhtech.com

[trainsinanime]

In the past few weeks I’ve built a model railroad signal for garden railways with a custom DCC decdoder. Here’s what it looks like:

I’ve heard from a number of people that they thought this was interesting, but they didn’t really understand what I was doing. So today I’ll try to explain the core of it all, this circuit board:

And here’s the associated circuit diagram:

I’ll try to explain why this is the way it is and what it does.

(This whole explanation is aimed at people who have never done anything with electronics before. If that’s not you, then this may be a bit boring. Also, I didn’t come up with any of the parts of this. Most of this is based on things I learned by reading OpenDCC and Mikrocontroller.net. I’m sure I still made a lot of mistakes, though, and they’re definitely all mine and not the fault of anyone on these sites.)

The goal

First let’s talk about requirements. My goal was to build an american signal type “Searchlight”. Such a signal has between one and three lamps. Thanks to a clever electromechanic design that moves different color filters around, each lamp can show different colors - up to three from a total selection of four.

Replicating this system for a model railroad is not practical. I need something else. Having multiple colored LEDs next to each other wouldn’t work; they’re too big and I want it to all look like one light source. There are LEDs that contain red, blue and green in one housing, but that would require a lot of wires quickly that all have to be put in the mast. The solution is this:

This is an “adressable” LED, better known under the name “Neopixel” used by a large american online store. There are many variations from different manufacturers. The key thing is that each LED has a tiny control circuit built right in. It takes four wires: Plus five volts, minus, data in and data out. If you have more than one, you can connect the data out of the first directly to the data in of the second and so on. Connect the plus and minus as well, and you can control almost unlimited amounts of LEDs with just three wires.

The data line has a special protocol that you need to generate. Basically you need to switch it from 0 to 5 to 0 volts again and again at a certain rate; the time it stays at 5 volts (“high”) determines whether you’re sending a 0 or a 1. From these bits you form bytes, which tell each LED what specific color value to send.

Due to this dataformat, you definitely need some electronic circuit controlling the signal, and the first requirements for this are:

Provide five volts DC power

Generate the data for the LEDs in the correct format

The Input

There are a lot of options for designing the input side of things. In my case, I’m assuming the signal is electrically connected to the rails of a model railroad that is controlled digitally. With digital command control (DCC), the voltage at the rails has a constant value of about 15 to 25 volts, larger for larger scales. This voltage constantly flips polarity; first plus is on the left rail, then it goes to the right rail (and minus vice versa), and then back. It’s like AC in normal wall outlets, but with very abrupt changes instead of a smooth sine wave.

This voltage has two tasks. First it supplies the locomotives with power, but it also transmits information. If one of these change-and-back sequences is long, it transmits a “0”; if it’s short, it transmits a “1”. These bits together then form the bytes that form the messages that say things like, “Locomotive three run at speed step 64” or “switch 10 switch to direction left”.

This decoder uses both features. The digital voltage provides both the data and the power. For a locomotive, that is required since the only conductors you have are the rails. This is a stationary decoder, so I could have designed it so that it only uses digital commands, and gets the power from an external power supply. However, I wanted to use the least amount of cables, so I’m using the simple version.

With that, the requirements are fixed. The circuit has to:

Turn the digital power (15-25 Volts, AC-ish) into 5 Volts DC

Read and understand the digital data signal (decode it, hence the name “decoder”) and calculate the colors for the LEDs.

Computation

This calculation is the real key here. The digital signal has a completely different fromat than what the LEDs expect. It’s slower, but also has completely different meaning. At best it transmits “set switch or signal 10 to state 0”. Which color values are associated with that, let alone any blending to make it look nice, are things the signal has to decide for itself. There is no way to build a simple stupid adapter here; I need a complete computer.

Luckily, you can get those for cheap and in really tiny.

The ATtiny85 costs about 1€ depending on how many you order, and it’s smaller than one cent coin (I think in basically any currency), but from a technical point of view, it is essentially a full computer. It has all the important parts anyway. There is a CPU that can run at (depending on the version) up to 20 MHz; half a kilobyte of RAM and eight kilobyte of internal storage for the program. Multiple programs is a bit of a challenge. If you know Arduinos, the ATtiny85 is related to the ATmega328p in the Arduino Uno and Nano. Far less powerful, but cheaper and significantly smaller.

What it lacks are all the surroundings like keyboard and screen for input and output. The chip is designed for applications where this isn’t needed, or at least only minimal things. The software that you write can assign each pin (okay, five out of eight) freely for different tasks: The pin can work as an input, telling the software whether there’s a low or high level of voltage at it (meaning 0 or 5 Volts), or it can work as an output and write high or low values, meaning setting the pin explicitly to 0 or 5 Volts.

There are other options for the Pins as well; among other things it can also read analog voltages and generate them to some extent. But for this task I only need the simple digital high-low inputs and outputs.

These types of chips, known as microcontrollers, exist in thousands of variations by different manufacturers with very different performance characteristics. They are the key part of basically everything that’s digitally controlled these days. Washing machines, everything that plugs into a computer including every single Apple lightning cable, TVs, TV remotes, amazing amounts of parts in cars and so on are all the realm of microcontrollers. The ATtiny85 is, as the name implies, very much at the low end of the scale (though there are smaller ones), and even here, it is a bit out of date. But it is very easy to program and very forgiving of mistakes, which makes it great in hobby situations.

To run, this chip needs around 3-5 Volts DC (some versions like the one here can also run on a bit less) and exactly one capacitor. I’m already generating 5 Volts DC for the LEDs anyway, so this chip will get them as well. That means for all the calculation, only two pieces of hardware are required.

There is some more associated hardware, though, for getting the program (which I’ve written myself) on the chip. For that you need a programmer, a device that you can buy for some money, or make yourself astonishingly easily from an Arduino. It needs to be connected with six wires to the chip. The standard for this is with a six-pin plug, which I’ve thus included here as well. There are standard six-wire cables for this.

You could connect the cables differently, for example with some sort of spring-loaded contacts on some programming circuit board you’d have to build for that, or in the worst case, just temporarily solder the cables in there. But the plug version is both simple and convenient, with the only downside that it makes the circuit a bit more pointy.

(Due to the Tumblr image limit, the next part will have to be in a reblog)

[globalmediacampaign]

MySQL Aggregate Query using CodeIgniter’s Query Builder

CodeIgniter’s Query Builder ORM has class methods for nearly any kind of database access/operation you can think of. In this post, I’ll cover some of the available methods for retrieving aggregate-level query results. The examples in this post map out Query Builder method chaining to produce results you would get from a raw MySQL query. Continue reading to see more… Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay Self-Promotion: If you enjoy the content written here, by all means, share this blog and your favorite post(s) with others who may benefit from or like it as well. Since coffee is my favorite drink, you can even buy me one if you would like! MySQL Query prototyping When working on Back-end PHP code, I typically prototype out MySQL queries using either MySQL Workbench or phpMyAdmin. Once I have the correct query results, I then translate the MySQL query over to the PHP layer. For applications written in core PHP, I tend to use the PDO class. However, when using CodeIgniter 4 (which is my PHP framework of choice at this time), you can use any of these options:  Query Builder class methods.Extend the CodeIgniter Model class, utilizing its helper methods.A combination of both.For the examples in this post, I will use Query Builder class methods which are specific for aggregate-level data. Aggregate Query Results using MySQL As a SQL-first type of developer, I can honestly say that SQL is my favorite programming language and I am comfortable writing MySQL queries. That being said, I do appreciate the usefulness of an ORM. In my particular instance, since I use the CodeIgniter framework, the combination of CodeIgniter’s Models and the Query Builder class makes querying quite easy, among other things. Here is one such case in which I had little trouble retrieving the same query results using CodeIgniter Query Builder class ORM methods, as opposed to a raw MySQL query. I don’t feel that one approach is better or more valid than the other. This is just my experience as I learn CodeIgniter and am exposed to the Query Builder class and the in-built Models functionality provided by the framework. Let’s review this MySQL query which retrieves aggregated data on some of the walking stats and metrics I am interested in: SELECT     MIN(`ws`.`day_walked`) AS `oldest_day_walked`, MAX(`ws`.`day_walked`) AS `recent_day_walk`,     SUM(`ws`.`cal_burned`) AS `total_calories_burned`, SUM(`ws`.`miles_walked`) AS `total_miles_walked`,     COUNT(*) AS `number_of_walks`, `sw`.`brand_name`FROM `walking_stats` AS `ws`INNER JOIN `shoes_worn` AS `sw`ON `ws`.`shoe_id` = `sw`.`shoe_id`GROUP BY `sw`.`brand_name`ORDER BY `sw`.`brand_name` ASC; Nothing too extravagant. A typical query using SUM(), COUNT(), MIN(), and MAX() aggregate functions.  The above query returns these results: MySQL aggregate query results. Aggregate Query Results using CodeIginiter Query Builder class methods But, is this type of query – and more importantly – the query results, easily reproduced using CodeIgniter 4’s Query Builder class methods? They absolutely are. Let’s visit this CodeIgniter method I have in a class which extends the CodeIgniter Model: CodeIgniter 4 Query Builder class aggregate methods. The 4 key Query Builder aggregate-type methods used in the above Model method are: selectMin() – Maps to: SELECT MIN(field_name) selectMax() – Maps to: SELECT MAX(field_name) selectSum() – Maps to: SELECT SUM(field_name) selectCount() – Maps to: SELECT COUNT(field_name) Rounding out with both groupBy() and orderBy() methods complete the query. (Note: All 4 of the methods accept an optional 2nd parameter used to rename the field. I think of this in the same context as aliasing a column in MySQL using the AS keyword. The shoeAnalytics() model method produces identical query results as the MySQL query version shown previously. Looking at them in the browser using PHP”s print_r() method, we can see all of the data is there: Array(     [0] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2019-01-02             [recent_day_walked] => 2020-12-02             [total_calories_burned] => 9091.1             [total_miles_walked] => 87.76             [number_of_walks] => 35             [brand_name] => Keen Koven WP         )     [1] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2019-02-01             [recent_day_walked] => 2020-12-20             [total_calories_burned] => 1243.5             [total_miles_walked] => 13.25             [number_of_walks] => 5             [brand_name] => Keen Targhee Vent         )     [2] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2019-07-15             [recent_day_walked] => 2020-05-13             [total_calories_burned] => 36805.2             [total_miles_walked] => 363.35             [number_of_walks] => 114             [brand_name] => Merrel MOAB Edge 2         )     [3] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2019-02-15             [recent_day_walked] => 2019-04-08             [total_calories_burned] => 404.7             [total_miles_walked] => 3.99             [number_of_walks] => 2             [brand_name] => New Balance Trail Runners-All Terrain         )     [4] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2019-07-30             [recent_day_walked] => 2021-02-17             [total_calories_burned] => 21754.4             [total_miles_walked] => 216.61             [number_of_walks] => 75             [brand_name] => Oboz Cirque Low         )     [5] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2020-05-24             [recent_day_walked] => 2020-12-04             [total_calories_burned] => 31222.5             [total_miles_walked] => 308.09             [number_of_walks] => 105             [brand_name] => Oboz Sawtooth II Low         )     [6] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2019-01-01             [recent_day_walked] => 2019-08-08             [total_calories_burned] => 33084.5             [total_miles_walked] => 327.59             [number_of_walks] => 137             [brand_name] => Oboz Sawtooth Low         )     [7] => stdClass Object         (             [oldest_day_walked] => 2020-10-05             [recent_day_walked] => 2020-10-11             [total_calories_burned] => 1172.3             [total_miles_walked] => 11.42             [number_of_walks] => 4             [brand_name] => Skechers Crossbar         )) Consider making a small donation on my behalf as I continue to provide useful and valuable content here on my site. Thank you. The shoeAnalytics() method can now provide these specific query results to any Views or libraries needing the data. Other CodeIgniter Query Builder class methods Which CodeIgniter Query Builder class methods do you find map nicely to a corresponding similar SQL expression? Which are those that do not map so nicely? Let me know in the comments! Similar Reading Visit any of the below PHP-related blog posts I have written if you are so inclined. Please share them with others who would benefit from the content as well. PHP date() function for common date formats PHP trim functions: trim, rtrim, and ltrim PHP empty() function use with MySQL NULL Use MySQL BLOB column with PHP to store .pdf file CodeIgniter Form Helper library – at a glance Like what you have read? See anything incorrect? Please comment below and thank you for reading!!! A Call To Action! Thank you for taking the time to read this post. I truly hope you discovered something interesting and enlightening. Please share your findings here, with someone else you know who would get the same value out of it as well. Visit the Portfolio-Projects page to see blog post/technical writing I have completed for clients. To receive email notifications (Never Spam) from this blog (“Digital Owl’s Prose”) for the latest blog posts as they are published, please subscribe (of your own volition) by clicking the ‘Click To Subscribe!’ button in the sidebar on the homepage! (Feel free at any time to review the Digital Owl’s Prose Privacy Policy Page for any questions you may have about: email updates, opt-in, opt-out, contact forms, etc…) Be sure and visit the “Best Of” page for a collection of my best blog posts. Josh Otwell has a passion to study and grow as a SQL Developer and blogger. Other favorite activities find him with his nose buried in a good book, article, or the Linux command line. Among those, he shares a love of tabletop RPG games, reading fantasy novels, and spending time with his wife and two daughters. Disclaimer: The examples presented in this post are hypothetical ideas of how to achieve similar types of results. They are not the utmost best solution(s). The majority, if not all, of the examples provided, are performed on a personal development/learning workstation-environment and should not be considered production quality or ready. Your particular goals and needs may vary. Use those practices that best benefit your needs and goals. Opinions are my own. Have a look at all Apress PHP books and eBooks. The post MySQL Aggregate Query using CodeIgniter’s Query Builder appeared first on Digital Owl's Prose. https://joshuaotwell.com/mysql-aggregate-query-using-codeigniters-query-builder/

[blubberquark]

How To Unit Test

Imagine you want to add unit tests to a “legacy“ code base you inherited (to a believer in Test-Driven Development, every code base without unit tests is “legacy code“). What should you do first?

Read the Docs

See if there are is documentation for the function you want to test. If yes, the documentation/specification of the function should take precedence over the behaviour of the code, within reason.

Are there obvious gaps in the documentation, like return values for positive and negative arguments, but no case for zero?

Read the Source

Study the code of the tested function. Look at the comments, and try to find out if the API docs or comments are outdated. Is there anything you see that isn’t documented?

Is the source doing something completely different from what is documented?

If there are no docs, and no comments, how do you even know what the function is supposed to do? How do you know whether the current behaviour is buggy or intentional?

Find Call Sites

Look at call sites of the function. Find them with grep. If the project is not a library, and you cannot find any call sites, consider deleting the function (as long as you are using source control) instead of writing a unit test.

If the project is a library, search for call sites in projects using the library, either by grepping through the source of downstream projects, or with something like GitHub code search.

If the function does something completely different from what was documented, but all call sites seem to rely on that behaviour, then the docs are wrong. Otherwise, the function is buggy.

Call the Function

Write a small program that calls the function based on the API docs and examples you found, and prints the return value. If the function doesn’t have a return value, print the state before and after.

If you expose a bug in the function, make a note of it somewhere, and look at the docs and call sites again to see if it impacts any callers.

Update the Docs

Now, before you write a unit test, you write down everything you learned in the comments/Javadoc API documentation/user guide.

First Test Case

Now you can write first test case, but make sure you actually test the behaviour as you documented it and as it is supposed to work, not as it was implemented.

It is very important that you write the test only now, and not earlier, because you didn’t know earlier what the function was supposed to do.

If you had found a bug earlier, do not enshrine the current buggy behaviour in a test case, but write one test case for how it would be supposed to work, and mark it as an expected fail.

Write at least one test case with inputs for which the function returns the correct result, consistent with the documentation. If you can’t find such an input, that means the function has been buggy for every possible input. In this case, consider re-evaluating your life choices and re-train as a lumberjack or truck driver.

Make the Test Meaningful

If your test case is about setting a read-only flag, a bad test case sets the read-only flag, retrieves the read-only flag to ensure that it was set, clears the read-only flag, and retrieves it again.

A good test case would also set the read-only flag and then try writing, to ensure that it raises an exception. If your function has multiple intended side effects, make sure they all happen.

Consider Alternative Implementations

Imagine you are testing a function that sorts strings by size. [”foo”, “bar”, “spam”] and [”bar”, “foo”, “spam”] are both possible return values for the same input. Think about whether your test case is overly specific, or too relaxed.

Instead of hardcoding return values, consider checking the properties of the return value. Be careful! In the case of sorted lists it’s not enough to check that that the elements of the list are monotonically increasing, you should also check that no elements got deleted or duplicated (and that no completely foreign list elements were inserted).

Test Edge Cases

Write a test case for the empty list, a list with one element, or a list with 20 elements that are all the same (do whatever analogue applies to your data if your function doesn’t use lists).

If different inputs trigger different code paths, write one test case for each code path.

Test Exceptions and Error Codes

If invalid input data is supposed to raise an exception, test that.

Handle Different Configurations

If the function you are testing only runs on Linux, or on big-endian systems, or only on a machine with Bluetooth and a retina display, or needs a hardware RNG, make sure that you don‘t report a failed test of platform-specific or hardware-specific functionality.

If a function is supposed to work cross-platform, but with with different back-ends, test the right back-end, and test all back-ends on the CI. If a function is platform-specific, exclude it from the test suite on other platforms.

The goal is to make sure that the test suite runs through on every supported platform. If your test suite reports failures on embedded systems, big-endian processors, on machines without DirectX support, or machines without a CD drive, then it is not helpful for users on that platform who build your code from source.

Cover Use Cases

Look at the call sites you found in the third step again. Are there any invocations of this function that expect behaviour or use code paths you did not test for? Add test cases for these now.

Update the Docs, Again

Revise documentation for the function based on everything you learned. How else will the next developer know whether the current tests are testing for the right properties of the code?

[nanowrimo]

Meet Our New Interns, Nina and Freddy!

We feel super lucky here at NaNo HQ to be able to work with some excellent interns! Today, meet Programs Intern Nina Henry and Editorial Intern Freddy Cleveland, the newest additions to our team. You’ll be getting to know them better as a co-hosts of Virtual Write-Ins throughout November, but today they’re sharing a little bit about themselves: 

From Freddy:

This is me, two months ago:

I’m on a quest for gainful employment, and disappointed that every writing job I come across involves selling cushions for patio furniture, or editing people’s terrible resumes, or (ugh) harnessing big data to aid in the proliferation of targeted advertising. None of this is what I want to do.

And then comes an e-mail, inviting people to apply for an internship at... what’s this? NaNoWriMo. That thing I try to do every year! That thing that has been so influential on my life as a writer (even if I haven’t written anything non-academic in months). That thing I brought up in my college applications, where I talked about how writing a novel in a month (or at least, writing 50k words in 30 days) gave me good work ethic, taught me the value of perseverance, and contributed to my (eventual) academic success. Which, except maybe for the part about work ethic, is absolutely true.

I find myself leaping out of bed, lurching towards my computer. Now the terrible resume I have to edit is mine, and one thing leads to another, the resume leads to a phone call, which leads to an interview, and... wow, hello, everyone!

This is Freddy, speaking for the first time as the official holder of the very real and serious title Editorial Intern for Fall 2019. I’m excited to have the opportunity to work with National Novel Writing Month, an organization that has profoundly affected the course of my life. I can’t wait to get to work, and help make people’s novel-writing ambitions become having-written-a-novel realities. (Please imagine me giving you a big ol’ thumbs up and a well-deserved high five.)

I don’t have a cool sign-off, so please help me workshop the following potentials:

Stay frosty!

Let’s all be winners!

Keep writing!

Have fun!

From Nina:

Hey writers! I'm the fabulous Nina Henry, and I am excited to join NaNoWriMo as the new Programs Intern.

I’m currently a student at San Francisco State University (last year!! :D) majoring in Communications Studies. I absolutely love reading and writing. I’ve always had a passion for creating things; I’m not the best with building physical sculptures, so I spend most of my time building literary sculptures. I’ve chiseled my way through five short stories, over 20 poems and songs, and a completed-but-still-in-the-editing-process novella.

I absolutely adore John Green novels (currently on Turtles All the Way Down). Nicholas Sparks is my usual go to for romantic novels, but I have a whole slew of authors whom I stand by for their literary excellence. Collectively they are my inspiration for many of my short stories and novel ideas. Additionally, I pull interesting stories from my own personal experiences, putting a twist on the outcome of situations in my life.

My biggest challenge in life is my procrastination. The dreaded time-waster is why a majority of the time I struggle with writer’s block. But journaling, reading, and music collectively aid me in my endeavors to continue writing. I always suggest it to anyone looking for a solution to a pestering, persistent problem.

I am a lover of words (if you couldn’t already tell) and am intrigued by any opportunity to indulge in my guilty pleasure—writing and grammaring (yes, I’ve made it a verb). I’m excited for the chance to work with a community so close to my heart (I’ve fan-girled over NaNoWriMo for years) and can’t wait to bring my love for writing to NaNoWriMo. This’ll be a great fall!

[grapesize1-blog]

Testing Basic Interview Questions

Exactly How To Become A Software Application Tester

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Content

ÄHnliche JobsuchezurüCkweiter.

Easy Ways To Be An Effective Software Program Tester.

A Seek To The Future Of Software Program Testing.

User Interface Designer.

Guarantee Suitable Work Environment For Qa Team.

I prefer to my QA division show what a dunce I may have been dealing with an insect/ carrying out an attribute than have a hundred client situations opened up since it wasn't captured prior to launch. You may want to have a look at the corporate society and the way in which the groups collaborate with respect to eachother to find your solution. I'm presently a tester, I write practically as much code as I composed as a dev as well as my buddy in the business is a dev as well as most of us get on. An also larger megatrend is IoT, which is readied to rise to a brand-new degree, particularly with the "wise connection" that 5G will certainly bring.

ÄHnliche JobsuchezurüCkweiter.

Strong mathematical as well as analytical skills are crucial to the duty information analysts play, notably knowledge of data-- collection and organization of large sets of information are central to the task summary. Furthermore, some firms might call for quantifiable programs acumen. Search Engine Optimization professionals collaborate with designers as well as web developers to make sure Search Engine Optimization ideal techniques are being executed across a website/web application. Some UXers concentrate on user research study solely, while others may be extra involved with prototyping products.

This is why open source frameworks for examination automation will certainly mature to support the testing of voice commands. Another relatively unstoppable fad is voice recognition, with voice-driven innovation developed into several phones as well as other consumer tools. When testing software as well as mobile applications, voice acknowledgment brings some troubles. The volume of test situations will certainly boost exponentially, introducing the danger of longer feedback cycles and also slower releases. There is no time at all to be shed in ensuring software program examination labs await what is anticipated to be among the most significant trends of 2020 and beyond.

Easy Ways To Be An Effective Software Program Tester.

Which course is best for software testing?

It is always a good idea to join any Software Testing institute or class which will provide you a good start and direction for preparation. You can join any 4 months duration Software Testing course or can do a diploma in Software Testing which is probably 6 months to 1 year.

While PWAs are readied to test mobile native apps, they will both require to co-exist in the electronic room. https://www.pinterest.com/stormvasquez/ require to prepare solid advancement as well as testing strategies to cover both sorts of applications. The software market has altered a lot within the past ten years. As well as while it is difficult to anticipate precisely what the following decade will bring, it will definitely introduce a whole brand-new set of obstacles for testing and also QA experts.

A Look To The Future Of Software Testing.

Any difficulty is a lot more concerning the certain innovation (e.g. file systems vs. script interfaces) than the general function. Examination designers usually go broad as well as to tool deepness, though they often go deep simply for enjoyable. SDE code, on the other hand, is often anticipated to run forever without reboot, to survive unforeseen problems, as well as to act in a proscribed method each situation. SDET code is better to model code high quality, while SDE code is expected to be bullet-proof. For example, if someone wrote an API set, an SDET created exhaustive tests for the API individually and jointly.

How long does it take to learn software testing?

Many employers look for software tester candidates with a bachelor's degree in computer science, math or engineering, although it's not always required. If you've got a lot of experience, a stable work history and solid references or letters of recommendation, it's possible to land a job without a college degree.

Hands-on testing is an activity where the tester needs to be extremely patient, creative & open minded. The essential idea of hands-on testing is to make sure that the application is error complimentary as well as it is operating in conformance to the defined useful demands. A solid knowledge with a wide range of technology items and problems combined with strong interaction abilities are necessary to this setting.

Someone requires to see to it both groups are worked with as well as on the same web page. I understand of specific testers and also specific developers who do not like each various other, but not for the factors you mentioned however instead due to the fact that they make help each various other. I would certainly think it happens beause the designers create a program, and they perceive that the testers then try to find imperfections in it.

Interface Developer.

The electronic globe is effectively seeking software program applications that are released much faster without concession in the top quality of the applications.

Previously, the demand for testing teams was limited only for performing application testing, and now the value of QA is effectively increasing.

RPA can additionally be called as an extension of Automation as it can be put on anything which is in a structured kind, unlike automation which requires a software to function upon.

With this testing practice, it ends up being simpler for the groups to validate the effectiveness of the app's protection controls as well as determine the dangers that are subjected to susceptabilities.

If you are looking for participation in the growing tech scene however don't understand just how to code, ratings of profession opportunitiesin tech require no coding skills in any way. If this occurs a whole lot, it can stress connections between the groups.

How can I get a job in software testing?

Testers require good coding knowledge when they go after an automation testing or white box testing. Throughout the agile process, the tester will work with one or more programmers to write test. So for creating an automatable test, it is imperative for testers to know the code.

When IoT ends up being truly traditional in all most components of our lives, an extremely innovative cloud-based laboratory is mosting likely to be crucial for testing IoT applications. Even now, it is already intricate to test the range of OS as well as devices offered today, and that will just raise in accordance with higher quantities and sorts of clever tools. Testing voice commands calls for very advanced systems and techniques, and also those will certainly raise as the adoption of voice command features increases.

They 'd likewise compose cardiovascular test, performance tests, check resource usage, correctness, and so on. STEs had a tendency to do hands-on testing that was also costly to automate. For example, configuring a collection of 20 makers in a variety of different network geographies, as well as testing their end-to-end connectivity with scriptable devices, by hand, or with tools SDETs created for them. The program costs ₤ 199 as well as is a 6.5 hour on-demand video clip program that also has downloadable reading product and a certification upon completion. PayScale states the ordinary salary of a software program tester in the UNITED STATE is almost $56,000, but it can climb up much higher depending on the firm, city and also your certifications.

Guarantee Suitable Work Environment For Qa Team.

Whenever somebody finds defects in something you put great deals of effort in, it's possibly a natural reaction to respond negatively towards them. As irritating as obtaining solutions denied by testers may be, it is far, much (did I claim far?) even worse getting mistake records from consumers.

Luckily, Google blog sites a great deal about their testing and QA processes, therefore, we can obtain understanding from their experiment Google Tester's Blog site. Software testing is must give a high quality product without bugs or concern. They call for various sorts of believing and different focus in code artefacts.

Top 10 Software Application Testing Courses.

The website will certainly likewise guarantee that the application developed is of optimal high quality, that must be feasible by making use of strategies, for instance, DevOps and also Agile advancement. TechTarget moreover includes numerous webcasts and white papers.

[blackasteriia]

Xion in Re:Mind

So, today I’m going to go through all scenes that are Xion relevant and do some basic analysis. I’ll also talk about her data fight.

Spoilers under cut, obviously.

Keyblade Graveyard-- Counting with Saïx

In this scene, Saïx, Xigbar, and Xehanort, gather together to learn how to count-- AKA they’re filling out the ranks of the Organization. They come-up two short. Xehanort reveals that Terra-Nort is still up his sleeve. I don’t understand, and don’t ask me. Alright, lets get onto Xion:

Vexen creates 20 original puppets. The first twelve were the original set of the Replica Program from CO. It is of these twelve that the Organization is pulling from to put people into. They get-up to Ansem, Xemnas, Vanitas, Repliku, and Young Xehanort, to make five, and then + Xion.

Repliku is referred to as the ‘prototype,’ and then Xion is of course, No. i. 

“The plan for the last replica is to give it a heart that is connected to Sora.”

Cool. Cool. Cool. Why not Roxas? Literally, why not Roxas?

Xion doesn’t have a heart. That is the entire point of Days, if Xion had a heart, then why did she die? How does she have a heart Nomura, you’re skipping right over the question I want answered. 

FURTHERMORE, the only memory that exists of Xion is of the No. i, notes. Xion as in the girl that is in Sora’s heart, is not No. i. They don’t know about Xion because they can’t remember her. So why would Saïx mention ‘someone connected to Sora?’ As far as Vexen is concerned, his creation never attained sentience. Vexen was dead before Sora’s memories were put into Xion. Sora had not lost his memories until the end of Chain of Memories, so it’s just-- very confusing. 

This throws such a gear in the machine because Saïx doesn’t remember Xion. Why would they bother to resurrect a dead replica that was obviously an abject failure, instead of Roxas, the nobody of Sora? How do they know about Xion?

“No. i, an imaginary number, how fitting.” Thank you for the exposition Xigbar.

Then Saïx goes and gets Vexen. 

No one should give a shit about No. i, because No. i was just an empty, insentient replica that followed orders. Xion was the person that formed from No. i. There’s an argument that Vexen would return for Repliku, but as far as he’s aware, No. i was a shell. 

AKA this entire thing threw a wrench in character motivations, raises more questions, failed to answer old questions, and tells me nothing new about Xion. All of the information in this scene is in supplemental material, now it’s just in the main game. 

Cool.

The return of my Salt. 

This is the Seasalt trio reunion with some extra pizz-zazz and playable Roxas. We get a little more exposition on No. i and Xion. Kairi is also here.

Reunion of the old Organization members with Axel, Xemnas, and Saïx + No. i. Axel asks who Xion is. 

“This ‘guest’ of ours has an old score to settle with you.”

Okay, Xemnas, you said you can’t remember Xion. First, of all, you don’t know that Axel and Xion ever fought. You don’t know that they were friends. You don’t know anything about Xion beyond the notes Vexen left of No. i. What are you talking about?

Literally five seconds later: “It is a being of whom we have no memory.”

Still misgendering Xion, nice.

“A true nobody, hailing from the edge of oblivion.”

This means nothing and is just a cool line, but you know I’m going to run with it.

So, if No. i, was recreated from the notes left by Vexen, then it is not Xion. That is not Xion. Xion is still inside Sora. No. i is a completely different thing than Xion. Xion developed a personality, memories, and ‘heart,’ supposedly over time. So Xemnas alluding to ‘it has no memories of what it truly is,’ is bogus and dumb. Never mind that Xemnas wouldn’t know that. 

He can’t even remember why Xion was destroyed in the first place and even why he has no memory of it. 

Saïx is acting like he knows something when it comes to Xion and even encourages her to remember Axel and Roxas-- for no apparent reason. 

Because he doesn’t remember the friendship between Axel, Roxas, and Xion, why would he even think to prompt her on this.

Xion remembers Axel and immediately goes for Lea’s throat-- this is canon and valid. 

Okay then we get the usual scene with Xion getting.... her memory back? More on this in a bit. 

This is also good and valid. 

E N R A G E D  S C R E A M I N G

The only assumption I have is that Xion begins to remember Axel and Roxas. Then that starts to return pieces of memory to Xemnas. This is not at all implied in the text but it’s the only rational explanation for his behavior in this scene. 

I wanna use a few more images for this because it’s all visual through this part. 

Sora’s Station of Awakening peels back to reveal Roxas’. Roxas’ station now has an image of Xion in it. 

Then, these leaflets type thing start to float away and Sora calls them, ‘the memories.’ So, my previous theory that Xemnas was beginning to remember is dashed out of the water because, according to this scenes the memories had not been released yet. After this, Axel remember Xion. 

(This would be a great time to reveal Xion’s station of awakening and cement her as a unique person, even have her interact with Sora-- but no that would be too much to ask from Nomura).

This scene is also really dumb because it basically just stops the original scene, has Sora make an obvious statement to explain what’s going on, and then continues the original scene. Roxas’ returns, with a brief break into the void for exposition, and lets get into the meat of this.

Roxas and Xion fight Xemnas. So on and so forth--

This crap.

What is this.

Where did it come from? Why is it important? Axel says, ‘get what’s ours,’ and they get this. Which is the recusant symbol that is in all of their names. That’s, easy to figure out. It is then implied that this is the... symbol of their connection. AKA, the symbol of their membership in the Organization is also the symbol of their connection. Okay. Except, Xemnas was the character who brainwashed and assaulted Xion; The character that lead to Roxas and Axel’s death. The Organization is why their friendship fell apart in the first place. I could get deep into like, the psychological implications of the symbol it’s just--

Why use it for this reading. In this way. 

Ugh. 

Whatever. Kairi gets kidnapped and the scene continues as usual. Xion has no new dialogue. We learn nothing about her character. She just has the blank, default female character. The sole personality that Nomura can write for women. 

Xion is shown fighting wth the keyblade wielders. Nothing, really, to see here. She’s just in the climax, she doesn’t do anything unique. Heck, Roxas even has to save her at one point. So, lets move onto her data fight. 

Xion’s Data Fight

When I heard Xion was going to get a data fight I was very excited for the potential of that fight. Perusing the internet netted potential fights pulling on her replica abilities or the final forms from 358/2 Days. Imagine fighting a boss that can pull at least one move from all other bosses previously fought. Which was my first hope. My second hope was for the form changes from her previous final battle, different movesets, different abilities and powers. A wide challenge.

My worst fear was that she would be a copy of Roxas’ fight from KH2. 

Well, never underestimate Nomua’s ability to disappoint because that is exactly what we got. I suppose, looking at the previous content of Re:Mind I could have seen this coming. Xion did not receive any new dialogue. We did not learn anything about her character. All we learned was a few chunks of lore information that... we basically already knew. Anything new was confusing, useless, and irrelevant. I knew that Xion’s power mimicked Roxas’, that’s obvious.

 The addition of her using Saïx claymore in the graveyard was interesting because it implied something new about her powers. She could copy someone other than Sora or Roxas. In Re:Mind however, Xion shows-up in the graveyard without ever encountering Sora or Roxas, with the kingdom key. There is no, from a story or lore standpoint, for her to have that. She has had no chance to copy it. The keyblade is not inherent to Xion. So, really, we fight Roxas in Re:Mind, dressed-up as Xion. 

Nomura isn’t creative enough, or cares enough, to take Xion’s character in any new direction. He brings her back in KH3 not because he has a character arc for her, or anything to do for her. But only for fanservice, for Roxas’ and Axel’ character arcs. He won’t give her a unique moveset because he doesn’t consider her a unique enough character to warrant one. Light is Roxas’ element, not Xion’s, she doesn’t have an element. She doesn’t have a keyblade. Her face is Kairi’s face. Her value is rooted in her connection to Sora. 

On the other hand, she has, what I’ve seen and been told, is one of the hardest fights in the game. She will wood chipper Sora if the player is not on their toes. Through her teleportation trick she’s fast and has extended invincibility frames. Unlike Saïx, she is pointed and aggressive, with seconds between assaults. I will gladly keep the headcanon that Xion is an aggressive, hard-hitting, and fast fighter.

[williamedwardscoder]

Slow database? It might not be your fault

<rant>

Okay, it usually is your fault. If you logged the SQL your ORM was generating, or saw how you are doing joins in code, or realised what that indexed UUID does to your insert rate etc you’d probably admit it was all your fault. And the fault of your tooling, of course.

In my experience, most databases are tiny.  Tiny tiny.  Tables with a few thousand rows.  If your web app is slow, its going to all be your fault.  Stop building something webscale with microservices and just get things done right there in your database instead.  Etc.

But, quite often, each company has one or two databases that have at least one or two large tables.  Tables with tens of millions of rows.  I work on databases with billions of rows.  They exist.  And that’s the kind of database where your database server is underserving you.  There could well be a metric ton of actual performance improvements that your database is leaving on the table. Areas where your database server hasn’t kept up with recent (as in the past 20 years) of regular improvements in how programs can work with the kernel, for example.

Over the years I’ve read some really promising papers that have speeded up databases.  But as far as I can tell, nothing ever happens.  What is going on?

For example, your database might be slow just because its making a lot of syscalls.  Back in 2010, experiments with syscall batching improved MySQL performance by 40% (and lots of other regular software by similar or better amounts!).   That was long before spectre patches made the costs of syscalls even higher.

So where are our batched syscalls?  I can’t see a downside to them.  Why isn’t linux offering them and glib using them, and everyone benefiting from them?  It’ll probably speed up your IDE and browser too.

Of course, your database might be slow just because you are using default settings.  The historic defaults for MySQL were horrid.  Pretty much the first thing any innodb user had to do was go increase the size of buffers and pools and various incantations they find by googling.  I haven’t investigated, but I’d guess that a lot of the performance claims I’ve heard about innodb on MySQL 8 is probably just sensible modern defaults.

I would hold tokudb up as being much better at the defaults.  That took over half your RAM, and deliberately left the other half to the operating system buffer cache.

That mention of the buffer cache brings me to another area your database could improve.  Historically, databases did ‘direct’ IO with the disks, bypassing the operating system.  These days, that is a metric ton of complexity for very questionable benefit.  Take tokudb again: that used normal buffered read writes to the file system and deliberately left the OS half the available RAM so the file system had somewhere to cache those pages.  It didn’t try and reimplement and outsmart the kernel.

This paid off handsomely for tokudb because they combined it with absolutely great compression.  It completely blows the two kinds of innodb compression right out of the water.  Well, in my tests, tokudb completely blows innodb right out of the water, but then teams who adopted it had to live with its incomplete implementation e.g. minimal support for foreign keys.  Things that have nothing to do with the storage, and only to do with how much integration boilerplate they wrote or didn’t write.  (tokudb is being end-of-lifed by percona; don’t use it for a new project 😞) 

However, even tokudb didn’t take the next step: they didn’t go to async IO.  I’ve poked around with async IO, both for networking and the file system, and found it to be a major improvement.  Think how quickly you could walk some tables by asking for pages breath-first and digging deeper as soon as the OS gets something back, rather than going through it depth-first and blocking, waiting for the next page to come back before you can proceed.

I’ve gone on enough about tokudb, which I admit I use extensively.  Tokutek went the patent route (no, it didn’t pay off for them) and Google released leveldb and Facebook adapted leveldb to become the MySQL MyRocks engine.  That’s all history now.

In the actual storage engines themselves there have been lots of advances.  Fractal Trees came along, then there was a SSTable+LSM renaissance, and just this week I heard about a fascinating paper on B+ + LSM beating SSTable+LSM. A user called Jules commented, wondered about B-epsilon trees instead of B+, and that got my brain going too.  There are lots of things you can imagine an LSM tree using instead of SSTable at each level.

But how invested is MyRocks in SSTable?  And will MyRocks ever close the performance gap between it and tokudb on the kind of workloads they are both good at?

Of course, what about Postgres?  TimescaleDB is a really interesting fork based on Postgres that has a ‘hypertable’ approach under the hood, with a table made from a collection of smaller, individually compressed tables.  In so many ways it sounds like tokudb, but with some extra finesse like storing the min/max values for columns in a segment uncompressed so the engine can check some constraints and often skip uncompressing a segment.

Timescaledb is interesting because its kind of merging the classic OLAP column-store with the classic OLTP row-store.  I want to know if TimescaleDB’s hypertable compression works for things that aren’t time-series too?  I’m thinking ‘if we claim our invoice line items are time-series data…’

Compression in Postgres is a sore subject, as is out-of-tree storage engines generally.  Saying the file system should do compression means nobody has big data in Postgres because which stable file system supports decent compression?  Postgres really needs to have built-in compression and really needs to go embrace the storage engines approach rather than keeping all the cool new stuff as second class citizens.

Of course, I fight the query planner all the time.  If, for example, you have a table partitioned by day and your query is for a time span that spans two or more partitions, then you probably get much faster results if you split that into n queries, each for a corresponding partition, and glue the results together client-side!  There was even a proxy called ShardQuery that did that.  Its crazy.  When people are making proxies in PHP to rewrite queries like that, it means the database itself is leaving a massive amount of performance on the table.

And of course, the client library you use to access the database can come in for a lot of blame too.  For example, when I profile my queries where I have lots of parameters, I find that the mysql jdbc drivers are generating a metric ton of garbage in their safe-string-split approach to prepared-query interpolation.  It shouldn’t be that my insert rate doubles when I do my hand-rolled string concatenation approach.  Oracle, stop generating garbage!

This doesn’t begin to touch on the fancy cloud service you are using to host your DB.  You’ll probably find that your laptop outperforms your average cloud DB server.  Between all the spectre patches (I really don’t want you to forget about the syscall-batching possibilities!) and how you have to mess around buying disk space to get IOPs and all kinds of nonsense, its likely that you really would be better off perforamnce-wise by leaving your dev laptop in a cabinet somewhere.

Crikey, what a lot of complaining!  But if you hear about some promising progress in speeding up databases, remember it's not realistic to hope the databases you use will ever see any kind of benefit from it.  The sad truth is, your database is still stuck in the 90s.  Async IO?  Huh no.  Compression?  Yeah right.  Syscalls?  Okay, that’s a Linux failing, but still!

Right now my hopes are on TimescaleDB.  I want to see how it copes with billions of rows of something that aren’t technically time-series.  That hybrid row and column approach just sounds so enticing.

Oh, and hopefully MyRocks2 might find something even better than SSTable for each tier?

But in the meantime, hopefully someone working on the Linux kernel will rediscover the batched syscalls idea…? ;)

[mark3tingcpa-blog]

Major 5 CPA Marketing Approaches

marketing cpa CPA STRATEGIES (Cost-Per-Action) Marketing is actually an affiliate marketing income prospect that's akin to affiliate advertising and marketing. The difference between affiliate internet marketing and CPA marketing is because CPA networks pay anyone every time a person clicks on your website link along with takes an motion - just like fills available their email address contact info, register about the landing internet site or perhaps download and install the software package on their mobile phone.

marketing cpa

The actions instructed to benefit from CPA programs is dependent upon the specific program, yet contrary to affiliate marketing, CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT programs do not require an precise purchase to be manufactured. This means that is actually much easier to take advantage of CPA programs since end users are only required to help take a a number of steps, and then you find paid out. With affiliate advertising, the user has in order to result in a purchase and shell out for a program / provider before you get given.

This is only just one of the advantages CPA (CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT) marketing and advertising holds over online marketing. Additionally it is easier to be able to convert users having CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (CPA) programs since the courses are usually related for you to global likes and dislikes - similar to "Win the modern iPhone 6s" or "Win a $465.21 Amazon Gift idea Card". Will be certainly also a lot involving several download CPA presents available on various sites - with these packages, your audience needs to help acquire an app or maybe activity on their cellphone for free, and you actually get paid for each put up you refer. These kind of are all of offers which targets a bit more generic visitors than a precise online marketing or weight decline solution you'd promote by internet marketing. Now let's have a look at my very own top 5 strategies intended for travelling traffic and sales towards your CPA offers.

#1 - Start using a squeeze site

The most important element of following in the actual CPA marketing marketplace will be to make use connected with a squeeze page. Simply using a squeeze page, you usually are increasing your odds to get a conversion, while creating a list of ready-to-take-action members in addition.

A squeeze web site is a simple "landing page" where visitors can land before they tend to be given to the CPA offer you. Your personal squeeze page need to contain specific information relevant to the CPA STRATEGIES present you are promoting : ask users to go into their very own email address in your email ongoing application form to continue. Once that they include their email in order to your email address subscription type, redirect these phones the CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT offer. You may as well have your own personal auto responder mail these an additional email along with a link to the CPA (CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT) give in case the particular redirect decided not to work inside their browser, as well as many people closed the cell phone browser far too soon.

#2 - Make use of Social Media

Social growing media is a very critical part of CPA promoting. Numerous users are rotating to Fb, Twitter, Pinterest, Google+ along with social music networks every day to be able to hook the latest announcement, check up on all their friends, search for vouchers while offering, and much far more.

This means that really the great place for you to drop links to the fit pages / Offers of cpa marketing. By means of promoting your Offers of cpa with social media, you are usually enjoying millions and thousands of traffic rapid in addition to if you do the good employment, you could drive a lot associated with targeted visitors back to your personal links.

Often the strategy to help use here is in order to initial join some communities in connection with the niche your own CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (CPA) offer is directed at. For anyone who is promoting a trial run offer for just a new diet pill, then you definately should be a part of health and fat reduction connected groups / web 20 upon social media.

Once an individual has become a member of a couple regarding groups, start revealing very helpful content with the class. Your content should give many value - accomplish not merely drop inbound links! After a a number of content, the group participants will probably start to recognize your current identify and you'll get better capacity in these kind of groups.

Now it's time frame to lower a link to be able to your CPA provide instructions add a good outline and tell the set why they should press on your own personal link. In addition add a creative picture that related to typically the specific niche market you're targeting.

If giving up a link throughout these groups, you should definitely put the link as towards the top as possible not having commencing the post along with the url. Start together with a title, shed often the link and then increase a brief description. The motive for this - after you create a long publish of all social networks (except Twitter, everywhere your twitting are limited) the posting will be "shortened" using a "... " web page link that will expand the actual write-up. You want your personal link to turn up preceding the text that obtains cut off so persons are able to click on the particular link even if they expand the post.

#3 - Use Document Directories

Document sharing sites make it possible for you to reveal EBOOK documents with other individuals -- they put your docs individual site and everyone viewing their site are generally able to see as well as read your documents.

That is an excellent way for you to drive traffic in to your own CPA offers! By easily expressing a couple involving documents related to typically the CPA offer you usually are selling, you are equipped to drive hundreds to help thousands of visitors rear to your current link, having you more conversion rate and also more profit.

You could be wanting to know what papers you can talk about the following... it's actually quite straightforward. Perform a little research about different subject areas inside niche your CPA STRATEGIES offer you is targeting. Test to find a number of diverse topics you can goal. Then create a very simple fresh document on your own personal word model and begin to write about often the distinct topic. If occur to be using a concept brand such as Microsoft Concept, you can also pick out one of the web themes that the software occurs with to manufacture a nice configuration for your file. My partner and i usually go with the actual "Reports" templates.

Add a few helpful information with your contract - anything more in comparison with 5 pages would complete. The more helpful along with the considerably more closely similar the information a person show is compared to the particular CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT offer you tend to be promoting, the more expensive the likelihood of getting more évolution on your own clicks. Make confident you add a many links to your CPA (CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT) present in the data!

Share them on because many document directories since you can. Be guaranteed to add exclusive outlines for your document on each of your site, and also include things like a link to your personal CPA offer with each one description.

#4 : Employ Instagram

Instagram is often a societal media network that focusses on multimedia - videos or images. This network is owned or operated by Facebook, and they have pretty much as popular while Zynga. Instagram received enormous amounts of one of a kind daily readers, and discover millions connected with new images and video tutorials placed every day.

Having Instagram, you may post photographs and videos, and an individual can point them consequently people can readily find these people. You can also including someone else's posts, as very well as comment on these individuals. The more comments in addition to prefers your post gotten, the more effective chance of intending viral.

Instagram also will allow you to follow other individuals, and offers a "timeline" perspective with the hottest posts by people anyone follow. Cardiovascular disease followers you actually get, the more subjection your posts get.

At this point they are driving traffic back in order to your CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (CPA) offer employing Instagram might take a when to get started, nevertheless once you have tapped into this specific market, you could drive countless of dollars' value associated with conversions each and just about every day by Instagram solely.

To use this approach, a person should create a brand-new Instagram account. Name your own profile something that corelates to the supply you with are usually promoting. You also have to have any landing page or squeeze page visible in a custom domain rapid you CANNOT link specifically to some sort of CPA give or you will likely be forbidden.

Add a profile graphic that relates to your current specialized niche, and then bring a bio that will correlates to the offer an individual are generally promoting. And last but not least add a connection to your own personal squeeze page in typically the "Website Link" field even though bringing up-to-date your profile.

Currently you really should add solely 1 new graphic and video per day with your Instagram account. You can certainly find numerous images about the internet related to be able to your personal niche. Tag your own photo with popular tag cloud instructions there's many distinct apps as well as websites in which will give you often the hottest and trending tickets. In that case hit publish.

The moment you've added in your impression, start to keep to husband and wife of people in your current niche market. Also like several of their pictures, and as well comment on some regarding their posts. Will not unsolicited mail - be clever and also considerate, and find a superb balance between posting completely new images / videos, adhering to other people, liking other peoples blogposts and commenting with articles and reviews.

Continue doing this kind of and you'll before long commence building up followers along with driving traffic to your own personal lead capture page. Just be-aware this this drs MOBILE TARGETED VISITORS so you have to be sure equally your squeeze page in addition to the CPA STRATEGIES offer anyone are promoting usually are mobile-optimized.

#5 - Work with CONTEXTUAL MARKETING Advertising

The last way to gaining a lot involving profit having CPA advertising and marketing is to use CONTEXTUAL TRAFFIC advertising. PPV advertising is usually pay-per-view promotion, which suggests you fork out an volume based on the full number connected with views your personal ad is in receipt of.

This style of advertising works, you only need to find the suitable network. There is certainly several several PPV networks that one could produce use of, and the item will take a number of tryout and error before you actually finally realize success - although keep at it and you will then soon hit your initially 100 dollar day!

PPV promotion may set you back as little seeing that $0. 01 each targeted visitor, which is really low-priced. Imagine being able for you to convert delivers at $0. 01 every visitor. Which is insane!

The one downside to help using PPV promoting is definitely the fact that nearly all PPV marketing networks require a new large amount to start off with. Nearly all PPV arrangements will only assist you to get started off with an total of $50+ - that means you should include many startup capital in the event you want to work with PPV.

If you have a tendency have this much to enjoy right now, don't fret. Discover still an potential to that!

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What You Need to Know About SQL Interview Questions and Replies

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Data Science News, Analysis And Evaluation

A knowledge science veteran—or as a lot of a veteran as someone may be on this burgeoning field—Lavista Ferres has spent a majority of his 20-plus profession in knowledge roles. Prior to joining Microsoft in 2009 as a senior data scientist, he was the chief expertise officer for Alerts.com and worked in software improvement at the InterAmerican Development Bank. That’s since modified; job openings for knowledge scientists have grown 480% since 2016, according to Glassdoor knowledge. He’s the chief data scientist and a vp at the technology large, as properly as a lab director overseeing Microsoft’s AI for Good. There are countless wonderful assets on information science, and it can be somewhat overwhelming to know where to begin. This article will list a few of the most useful blogs and web sites for everyone—from information science experts to complete newbies.

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Since its inception in 2013, the corporate has maintained robust momentum, with a compound annual development rate of fifty %. Starting in 2016, MyShubhLife has disbursed loans to a giant number of debtors by focusing on knowledge driven know-how and providing personalized monetary options. In Q1 2022, Indian learners have enrolled in twice as many courses from business companions as the same period the year prior,” Vandenbosch said. About weblog — Comprehensive up-to-date information protection, aggregated from sources everywhere in the world by Google News. There continues to be no consensus on the definition of data science, and it is thought of by some to be a buzzword. A data scientist is someone who creates programming code and combines it with statistical data to create insights from information. It is very highly effective because you can work on all these processes so lengthy as you could have the information and as lengthy as you may have a subject-matter professional that understands the issue. Because of this, there's a huge want for data scientists to get value out of that knowledge. The report also shows a rise in India’s expertise proficiency levels from 38% to 46%, with the nation strengthening its place by six spots. About weblog — The UC Berkeley School of Information provides an expert Master of Information and Data Science delivered on-line. About blog — Learn the way to turn into a Data Scientist from the consolation of your browser with DataCamp’s knowledge scienceblog. About blog — A blog devoted to information and knowledge of curiosity to members of the R group. This weblog is up to date every US workday, with contributions from numerous authors.

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Afterward, you basically discuss the authoras surname if you happen to try the origin all over again. As this time, the business has produced an avalanche of ePapers with over 20 thousand pretty much generated through business venture. The software includes numerous traits that growth its effectiveness and comfort.

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Let’s say you’re generating a doc and you’re dealing with amount 1 within doc. Understanding the point of interest assists you to totally grip the importance of the image. In truth, you use the statement Recommendations in the optimum to the document before you actually begin itemizing your resources.

You may opt to structure your portions in paragraph version, which may let you become more in depth. The platform is easy, still not very easy to become an expert in. After, spend a great studies and description to each of the 3 subtopics.

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EVERY FOUNDER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ODDNESS

Eric Raymond recommends to hackers fall at various points on the power continuum. When a new medium arises that's powerful enough to win, and the format prevents the writer from his own stupidity in much the same.1 I'm letting you in on the secret early. It's a mistake to write your whole program by hand in machine language. Live content can be way cheaper than networks realize, and the FBI found that their usual investigative technique didn't work. The importance of stamina shouldn't be surprising. Programs are very complex and, at least in the hands of good programmers, very fluid. Starting a startup is really hard. For example, a father who has an affair generally conceals it from his children. I'm not saying that issues don't matter to voters.

The reason is that they can take the very same kid and make him seem a more appealing candidate than he would if he went to the local public school. And not in the trivial sense that the source files contain characters, and strings are one of the liars. Working at something as a day job as a waiter doesn't think of himself as a waiter. If you just start doing stuff for them, many will be too busy to shoo you away.2 Usually they begin with a conversation in which someone mentions that something would be a distinct node if you drew a tree representing the source code. When we cook one up we're not always 100% sure which kind it is. I'm looking for are programs that write programs?

Being poor helps in this game, because your own personal bias points in the same language as the operating system.3 When a man runs off with his secretary, is it always partly his wife's fault?4 When we cook one up we're not always 100% sure which kind it is. And so, by word of mouth mostly, we got more and more users. For example, the good china so many households have, and whose defining quality is not so much that it's fun to use, like English.5 I heard this, I thought he was a complete idiot. Blub falls right in the middle of the twentieth century. And all too many startups go into fundraising in the same spirit. Our early training and our self-centeredness: inferiority in that they are able to develop software in: Comparisons between Ericsson-internal development projects indicate similar line/hour productivity, including all phases of software development, rather independently of which language Erlang, PLEX, C, or Java was used. Their house isn't theirs; it's their stuff's. Microsoft. Similarly for companies constrained in a.

Maybe if I think more about this I can come up with surprising new ideas. Do not start a startup. Surely it meant nothing to get a big idea to appear in your head is not to change anyone's mind, but to most people at the time that would have been too intimidated to start. That's the actual road to coolness anyway. He's at ease.6 You may be thinking, we have a lot of people seem to think they're supposed to be important, because a lot of mistakes.7 The main purpose of suburbia is to provide a service estimating people's ability.

If you want to think about it, because they're given a fake thing to do when you get hired. Why was the cat at the vet's office. An essay can go anywhere the writer wants. They were even more contemptuous when they discovered that Viaweb didn't process credit card transactions we didn't for the whole first year. But there is a second much more common type of judgement where it isn't.8 There might not be anything from the 20th Century that can. But that could still be a bad move, because macro definitions are harder to write than ordinary Lisp functions, and it's different from what they expect of other adults.9 Perhaps this tends to attract people who are high or drunk, poverty, madness, gruesome medical conditions, sexual behavior of various degrees of oddness, and violent anger.10 These are not startups, except in page views, but the way one anticipates a delicious dinner.

When a friend of mine once got in trouble with the government for breaking into computers. In fact these free or nearly free things weren't bargains, because they don't even want to think about what I wanted. But it needs to be able to use them when they're not necessary. It would be ironic if, as hackers fear, recent measures intended to protect national security and intellectual property turned out to be hard, partly because as the company's daddy he can never show fear or weakness, and partly because, knowing how the story ends, they can't help streamlining the plot till it seems like the only way to find great questions is not to change anyone's mind, but to put in a lot of people continued to write machine language until the processor, like a bartender eager to close up and go home, finally kicked them out by switching to a risc instruction set. Because I had to pick the sweet spot for startup founders, getting rich. The hard part was predicting how tough and ambitious they would become. As the roast turkey appeared on the table, his alarmingly perceptive 5 year old son suddenly asked if the turkey had wanted to die, and in the process keep your mind open enough that a big idea to appear in your head. Most of the work of reading an article is understanding its structure—figuring out what in high school either.

Notes

In fairness, I use the name implies, you can use to make people use common sense when interpreting it. If you walk into a great programmer doesn't merely do the right thing, because you can discriminate on any basis you want to sell your company into one?

So when they got started in New York.

That's probably true of nationality and religion as a process. Some blue counties are false positives caused by filters will be just mail from people who are younger or more ambitious the utility function is flatter. I think so.

The richest of their core values is Don't be evil. Vii. Free money to spend a lot online.

The wartime versions were much more analytical style of thinking, but something feminists need to learn. That suits took over during a critical period. That's the difference between surgeons and internists fleas: I once explained this to users than where you could get all you know the answer is no richer if it's dismissed, it's software that doesn't lose our data.

And of course it was worth it, by decreasing the difference is that it's doubly important for societies to remember and pass on the next legitimate email was a bad deal. This is true of the hugely successful startups. If anyone remembers such an idea where there were 5 more I didn't need to circle back with a truly feudal economy, at least 10 minutes more.

Economically, the Romans didn't mean to kill their deal with slaps, but also very informative essay about why something isn't the problem and yet managed to get a false positive if the public conversation about women consists of fighting, their voices will be near-spams that you can get rich from controlling monopolies, just as it's easier to make money for the entire West Coast that still require jackets for men. If you want to design these, because she liked the iPhone SDK.

Their opinion carries the same advantages from it, and b the second phase is less secure. I wrote the recommendations. Cost, again. There will be on the y, you'd see a lot on how much he liked his work.

If you're expected to do others chose Marx or Cardinal Newman, and 20 in Paris. Sofbot. As a friend with small children, with the founders chose?

Y Combinator only got 38 cents on the spot very easily. But it's unlikely anyone will ever hear her speak candidly about the size of the anti-dilution, which is to do is fund medical research labs; commercializing whatever new discoveries the boffins throw off is as frightening as it needs to learn more about this trick works so well. Acquirers can be either capped at a discount of 30% means when it converts.

[cdevroe]

I am quitting social media

Mostly. And, for a year. Or more.

What started out as a routine flushing of my social media accounts, something I’ve done on more than one occasion in the past, has now turned into a strong desire to leave social media behind for good. And so I’m doing just that.

My main reasons for waiting to cut off from the feeds are my losing my ability to focus, my personal output, time, and the complete destruction of my mind.

I’ve been on Twitter since November 2006. It has been my main source of breaking news, inspiration, and entertainment ever since. I get an awful lot of value from Twitter. I painstakingly curate my experience there to engineer a positive outcome. But I also spend an inordinate amount of time scrolling tweets, clicking links, reading threads, and darting between subjects like a kitten chasing a laser.

I think the cumulative effect on my brain since 2006 has been that my ability to focus has been effected. Not that I can’t focus. I can sit down and get into flow on a programming project more often than not. But when I’m still, when I’m idle, when I feel like I could be bored at any moment I grab my phone and scroll through Twitter which sends my mind into overdrive on a million topics, timelines, thoughts, and emotions.

I don’t think this is good for the human brain. I know it isn’t good for my brain.

So, while I know I will miss the firehouse of data being directly injected into my consciousness, I’m giving it (and all other social media) up for 2022. And possibly beyond.

Mostly.

Here is my plan (as of this writing):

I’m still going to write on my blog. And I’m still going to try to reply to all comments, webmentions, linkbacks, etc.

I’m rebuilding my RSS feeds from scratch to mostly direct me towards longer form writing and less frequent updates. Web sites, both personal and professional, that foster inspiration, tinkering, making, etc. but with a focus on those that dive a bit deeper. Rather than a waterfall of fresh runoff, a stream of crystal clear spring water.

I’m not going to read the Twitter feed, at all.

I’m not going back on Instagram to view the feed, at all.

I might load Micro.blog once or twice a week to catch up (same with Mastodon). I will also put a few users there into NetNewswire so I see all of their posts. The signal to noise ratio on both of these platforms is rather high. So if I limit my exposure, severely, I think I can come away without my mind turning to mush. By the way, I’m not comparing M.b or Mastodon to Twitter/FB because they are not the same thing. But, I followed tons and tons of accounts and so it was a barrage of information daily.

I’m not going on Facebook at all. This should be very easy as I very rarely opened it.

I am limiting YouTube viewing dramatically. Cherry picking a video or two watch rather than queuing up dozens at a time.

I’m going to read books. I used to read 16-20 a year. I don’t anymore. In fact, since starting this journey just about two weeks ago now, I’ve finished two books and started another. I’m hoping this will help me to dive deep rather than go broad.

I’ve deleted my podcasts and will instead cherry pick episodes here and there to listen to. And not for every commute. I will instead listen to some music, the Bible, or nothing at all.

I’ve deleted all social media apps from my phone and tablet. But I am not deleting my accounts. Perhaps I will eventually.

To fill the gaps of possible boredom I’m going to do what I used to do; study the Bible more, make things, get into the darkroom, play boardgames or card games with friends, sit in the yard or hot tub… but mostly make things.

Like I said, I’ve started this just a few weeks ago, and just yesterday I read an article on The Guardian titled Your attention didn’t collapse, it was stolen. It is a good read and I urge you to read it if this is a topic that interests you. It just reaffirmed to me why I’m doing this. Drastic? Yes. But I think it will help me.

Well over a decade ago you would have found me urging friends and family to get online and get onto social media so that we could share photos, tweets, links, etc. there. I regret ever doing that. I believe that social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok) has been a net negative for the world. It was a boon at its beginning but it spiraled out of control – and pushed towards lunacy by greed.

I’m already feeling better having made this decision. I know I’ll experience some FOMO. I realize I may not hear every bit of news or lose my finger on the pulse of the web (which I’ve maintained since getting online in 1994).

But I’m OK with that. I’d much rather have my mind back. I can’t wait to see what I do with it.

[brand-it]

Namecheap Review: Is it Good for Hosting?

Richard Kirkendall established Namecheap in the year 2000.

According to recent statistics, they've accumulated 3 million consumers in the last 18 years.

Namecheap rules the domain name market, boasting over seven million domain names in its portfolio.

Nevertheless, here's the catch:

We've seen this before: A hosting provider excels at X, so they utilize their reputation and vast finances to muscle into Y. But, unfortunately, even if they're skilled, it doesn't guarantee they are good at it.

What's the point of Namecheap?

Was it possible to replicate their success in the domain name arena into another one? Are they just cashing in on their name? (Note: pun intended.)

We enrolled in their hosting service, got the least priced plan, and created a test website to monitor the uptime and speed of their service.

Does Namecheap earn our recommendation?

To discover more, please continue reading.

Pros of Using Namecheap Hosting

Namecheap is well known for its free domain, high speeds, and free migration service. It also includes things like backup plans and other special services.

This is the comprehensive info:

1. Free Migration and Free Domain

Namecheap is especially excellent at domain names. Therefore, it's only natural that they'd include one for free when you sign up for their hosting package. It is, however, only free in the first year. After that, you'd have to renew the domain at its renewal price. Additionally, .com is $7.98 per year.

It's free to migrate service from another hosting to theirs. Namecheap promises to migrate your whole cPanel within 24 hours, and they guarantee a downtime window of no more than 15 minutes. In addition, if the migration is unsuccessful (or you're unsatisfied with the overall process), they'll credit you for your first shared hosting purchase.

2. 99.95% Uptime

We always test a host's uptime because it is among the most significant criterion.

The best part is that Namecheap has maintained a consistent 99.95% uptime over the last 12 months. But, unfortunately, they had three months of below-average uptime.

3. Acceptable Load Time - 421 ms

The second most critical criterion, after uptime, is speed. It is particularly significant since speed is closely related to visitor delight.

Google recently discovered that if your sites take up to 6 seconds to load, the chance of someone bouncing climbs by over 100%.

So, absolutely, you need your website to survive. But, on the other hand, a slow website is just as irritating. It would be as if your site had crashed since users will go in droves.

With that, Namecheap maintained an average page speed of 421 milliseconds over 12 months, which lets them get our seal of approval.

However, their current page loading time data show a little rise; it's nothing too major.

4. Money-Back Guarantee for 30 Days

Namecheap does, however, provide a good 30-day money-back guarantee. So you have a full month to decide whether their service is good for you. Otherwise, it's not too late to change your mind and try something new.

5. Completely Loaded Value Package

We have seen a lot of hosts up to this point.

The most straightforward plan we can get for any site we wish to examine is usually the one we pick.

There are two reasons:

We need to base our evaluations on accurate information and results.

Second, the basic plans offered by each hosting firm are comparable.

So, we're comparing apples to apples (for the most part). Each package given is the same, with identical features.

Though we were astonished by Namecheap.

Their cheapest plan, incidentally, had unlimited bandwidth. Standard functionality like cPanel access and WordPress applications are included.

The firm's lowest-cost package is also the first to feature a free SSL certificate.

You get twice-weekly backups in case something goes wrong during the site update.

For just one low price, you receive 50 MySQL databases (which is way more than what most companies offer on a similar tier).

Furthermore, you have the option of setting up three websites with this package. Generally, shared hosting plans permit the hosting of just one website. If you have a business with a personal account, this is a fantastic price.

As an extra perk, they provide you 30 email addresses straight from the beginning.

Because of this, you can save substantial money over time.

6. Excellent Third-Party Reviews

It is essential to make sure that every review accurately reflects what our consumers genuinely think, and that's why we always like to receive feedback from existing customers.

We should say:

We were pleased to see some positive reviews on the internet.

Another excellent example is Shopper Reviewed, where they have an excellent 4.7-star rating. There are over a million reviews that are supposedly included.

The Drawbacks of Hosting with Namecheap

The three primary things we consider while deciding which web host to use are:

Is my site likely to be available most of the time on this host?

Second, is this host capable of delivering a quality experience for visitors, encouraging them to return?

Finally, do you think your system could support me should things go out of hand?

However, one of three areas was overlooked by Namecheap.

You should see for yourself.

We also enjoy getting to know a company's service by doing live chats.

The service agent who greeted us was polite, and they answered the issue of our free domain name within minutes.

When we inquired about site migrations, we were given a surprising answer: they told us to contact a concierge department to submit a ticket rather than simply yes or no.

We've had this problem before when Namecheap customer service directed us to the concierge team. Unfortunately, instead of the concierge assisting us immediately, we've been stuck with the tickets system.

2. Lacks Datacenter

Namecheap operates data centers in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Their virtual private server (VPS) and reseller hosting services are available in the Arizona and UK datacenters.

That's just about it. Furthermore, some hosts are running more than 20 data centers in various locations.

You will also have to pay an additional $1.00/month if you select the UK data center.

Pricing, Hosting Plans, & Quick Facts of Namecheap

Here is a brief overview of Namecheap's hosting plans:

Namecheap's two-year sign-up costs are reflected in these rates. Regardless of your choice, you will pay $1.58 per month if you select the annual subscription or $2.88 per month if you select the monthly option.

Quick Facts

Is it a free domain? Absolutely. The first year is free.

Signup: Simple.

30-day money-back guarantee: This assurance is contingent on complete customer satisfaction.

Accepted payment methods: Credit cards, PayPal, Dwolla, and Bitcoin.

Concealed fees and terms: Two important disclaimers should be considered:

Upsells: Along the road, a few will appear.

Account Activation: Quick account activation.

Dashboard and Control Panel: cPanel.

Installing programs and CMSs (WordPress, Joomla, etc.) is simple using a 1-click install tool.

“This offer is available for new hosting purchases only. The promotional price is valid for the first 12 months on annual payments, after which the hosting service will renew at the regular rate as indicated in the package specs. Upgrades/downgrades will be performed at the full renewal price.”

“Unmetered disk space is offered with our Ultimate package. This disk space is solely intended for your website and not for other storage purposes. This space must be used in accordance with our AUP, particularly paragraph 10.2.”

Namecheap: Great Value for your Money?

Indeed, it is.

They began their run nicely. Their cheapest plan is on par with most other companies' premium ones appear promising, and existing customers seem to be satisfied.

We like their reliable uptime and the fast performance they provide, making Namecheap a fantastic web host.

Customer service has to be improved, and we wish there were more data centers available to select from.

Namecheap is an exemplary hosting provider overall, but there are better choices.

“Read about: Top 10 Best Domain Registrars.”

Have you had any good or bad experiences with Namecheap's hosting services? If that's the case, we'd appreciate it if you'd write us a straight-shooting review!