#background: I am an occupational therapist

[jewishvitya]

Every time I get a call from someone in my care team, social workers, my therapist, etc, they want to check on me and ask how I'm doing. And I talk about personal life, did I manage to go on walks, did I manage to eat, did I manage to sleep, am I keeping up with occupational therapy. And they ask "is the war still affecting you?" Like it's supposed to fade. Like I'm supposed to get used to it. And I can just say "last I heard, my Gazan friend's family is still alive so far." To remind them this isn't going to become background noise for me, and I'll only be able to feel better when things change. I don't think they get it. It's so isolating.

[uschi-the-listener]

For oddman-the-oldman, who asked:

What is your idea of perfect happiness? 

Not as simple as it seems. Partly, it's detachment, being able to tune out all the background noise nagging for my attention. When that's done, having a project to do, like throwing pots on a wheel or crocheting an interesting pattern, or writing, or baking, or doing something with a tangible, satisfying ending.

What is your most marked characteristic?

Physical or otherwise? Physically, I'm very fat, noticeable from space, fat. Otherwise, people remark a quality I have that helps people feel calm, which is, believe me, ironic.

What do you consider your greatest achievement?

Another tough one. My Master's degree? My ongoing recovery from abuse and neglect? I feel good about both of those, but I think better than either of those is raising a healthy, intelligent, generous, kind, reasonably un-twisted son. He started out pretty amazing and I managed not to fuck him up too much.

What is your greatest fear?

Homelessness. It isn't rational, but it doesn't have to be.

What historical figure do you most identify with?

I can't answer this, though I reserve the right to edit this response if I can figure it out. I know myself too well, and historical figures too little to pick one.

Which living person do you most admire?

It changes periodically, but I think, just now, it's that heroic man who, armed with only a club, was able to lead the insurrectionists away from their intended victims.

Who are your heroes in real life?

Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez; Bernie Sanders; Mikhail Gorbachef; Gloria Steinem; Carl Rogers. A few others. You get my drift.

What is the trait you most deplore in yourself? 

My indecisiveness and executive dysfunction which encourage each other.

What is the trait you most deplore in others? 

Cruelty.

What is your favorite journey? 

I'm not sure I understand this question. Physical? Emotional? Mine? Someone else's?

I like train travel from anywhere to anywhere. I like the process of learning or teaching a new skill and seeing or feeling the light bulb finally come on. I am probably getting this wrong.

What do you consider the most overrated virtue? 

Chastity. I suppose it has some value, but I have managed to maintain my integrity without it.

Which word or phrases do you most overuse? 

"All-righty!" Makes me want to pull out my tongue and smack my brain with it.

What is your greatest regret?

Unkindnesses and mistakes from my past that come back to haunt me when I am trying to fall asleep.

What is your current state of mind?

Ruffled feathers. Slight annoyance. I just baked a sweet bread that looked easy in the recipe but was not in real life. I made it and baked it, and it looks okay, but it wasn't worth it, no matter how good it turns out to be.

If you could change one thing about your family, what would it be? 

'Family' is a confusing concept. If that includes my parents and siblings, I would make them be kind. If it includes my son, I would like it if he lived closer. Me and my husband? More active. Take your pick.

What is your most treasured possession? 

I love most of my possessions. It's hard to say which I treasure most, like asking what song or book or work of art is my favorite. Picking one from the many is too mind-boggling for me.

What do you regard as the lowest depth of misery? 

Mental illness with no option open to get help.

Where would you like to live? 

I'm fine right here, at least for now.

What is your favorite occupation? 

Therapist. Not easy work, or well paid, but when it works, it's beyond anything.

What is the quality you most like in a man? 

Compassion.

What is the quality you most like in a woman? 

Same same.

What are your favorite names?

Rose has always been a big one with me. Different names have different uses, though, and are often wrapped up in meaning for me. For instance, I love the name Hephzibah, but would not want to be named it. However, I named a beautiful orb-weaver spider Hephzibah, which suited her very well.

What is your motto?

I don't have one, but I often quote Socrates when he was purported to have said, "Be what you would like to seem." I guess that will do for a motto.

I was tagged by my dear friend oddman-the-oldman. I don't know who else to tag.

[reiiofsunshine]

ZENDAYA, CIS-WOMAN, SHE/HER ✦ REIGN BRANSON the TWENTY-SIX year old has been in Hidehill for ENTIRE LIFE and was a FORMER STUDENT to Miyeon Kang, the murder victim. Whispers on the streets are that the GUIDANCE COUNSELOR AT HIDEHILL HIGH who lives in HAGFIELD are said to be KIND and DEFENSIVE but I guess we’ll find out for ourselves. { LEILA, 22, EST, SHE/HER. } 

Hello, My name is Leila (Lay-la) and this is my girl Reign. I have played her for so many years in different ways ands I am still figuring out how I will make her fit in here, her background is a bit choppy but I’ll be making edits to it. I have been in and out of the RP world for the past 2 years so I may be rusty

STATS

FULL NAME: Reign Branson

NICKNAME(S): Rei (Ray

AGE: Twenty-six

GENDER & PRONOUNS: Cis woman, She/Her

FACE CLAIM: Zendaya Colman

EYE COLOR: Brown

HAIR COLOR: Brown

HEIGHT: 5′6

PARENTS: Billy and Victoria Branson

SIBLINGS: 2 Brothers (Open)

DATE OF BIRTH: March 17, 1996

ZODIAC SIGN: Pisces

OCCUPATION:  Guidance Counselor, Licensed  Therapist

HOBBIES: Working out, Swimming, riding Horses

RESIDENCE: Hagfield, Fathers Ranch

BACKGROUND

Billy and Victoria Branson were your average small town high school sweethearts. Billy, growing up on his family ranch, while Victoria Lived in Harlow Estates, coming from a family of money. Their relationship was not approved in the eyes of Victorias parents and when she fell pregnant with her first child at the age of 17, they threw her out and cut her off. This left the young couple to raise the baby with Billy’s family.

Billy’s upraising wasn’t a walk in the park either. He grew up with an abusive father and a mother who slept around town, leaving billy to have his own pent up anger. But the two got married and had two more kids. 

Reigns upbringing posed to have similar issues if her fathers. Billy turned into his worse fear, a copy of his own dad. But things weren’t too bad. She learned to stay busy and be a good listener to stay out of trouble. She grew up helping her family on the ranch and riding horses when she was in gymnastics or cheerleading. When she was 16 she got into a riding accident, being thrown from a horse and sustaining a severe head injury causing her to lose her sight

Being blind left Reign depressed for a while but she was able to break through it. She was determined to get back to her old life. Nothing could ever be the same for her, but for a while she was dead set on it. Throughout this journey she learned a lot about herself, and eventually accepted her new way of life. This sparked her to want to help people, and become a therapist. 

CONNECTIONS

Childhood Best friend: Best friend: Exs:

[thandoluhlengema]

Navigating Challenges and Cultivating Compassion

Community block, a challenging yet pivotal way to begin the second semester. As a module introduced at the final stage of my degree, it has proven to be one of the most complex and demanding to navigate. The days have felt longer, weekends shorter, and at times, my motivation has wavered. However, I recognize that this training is crucial in shaping the path of a successful occupational therapist, one who is prepared to tackle challenges head-on and achieve meaningful outcomes. With just two weeks remaining until its conclusion, here are the key insights I've gained, ones I will carry over to community service.

Reflecting on my first day, I realize that my lack of preparation set the tone for the entire week. Failing to look at the handover, I found myself overwhelmed and unprepared, a consequence of my own oversight. It was a reminder that I am now only months away from becoming a qualified occupational therapist with my supervisors and lecturers soon to be my professional colleagues, a reality that once seemed distant but is now rapidly approaching. The impact of my initial unpreparedness was evident, not only in my performance but also in the lasting impression it left on my supervisor, an impression that still resonates in this fourth week. Beginning the block without the necessary equipment only added to the challenges, and I was deeply aware of the expectations placed upon me. Despite this rocky start, the first client I encountered was a male with nerve injuries to his hand, a case I had never managed before. It had been over a year since I last worked directly with a physical client, and the unfamiliarity of the situation only heightened my anxiety. This initial experience set the stage for the entire block, where I found myself navigating patient care with limited confidence, yet always committed to upholding ethical practice. As I continued to deal with the demands of the block, I began to see my unpreparedness not just as a setback but as an opportunity for growth. This journey has led me to reflect on the nature of learning itself. True learning is not confined to the classroom, it occurs in the unpredictable and often uncomfortable moments where theory meets practice.

Kenville Sea Cow Lake has been a unique and enriching community to engage with. The diversity within this community, a blend of cultures, religions, and nationalities, has provided a rare opportunity for a truly holistic approach to OT. Unlike previous experiences, this block has highlighted the importance of cultural humility in practice. Cultural humility, which involves entering into relationships with others in a way that honours their beliefs, customs, and values, has been crucial in my work there (Stubbe,2020). Interacting with individuals from Islamic, Zulu, and Hindi backgrounds required me to be mindful of how my advice and interventions might intersect with their cultural and religious beliefs. This awareness informed my practice, ensuring that the intervention I provided was respectful and supportive of their values, fostering more effective and meaningful therapeutic relationships. This conceptual understanding of cultural humility will continue to shape my approach to community service, where respecting and honouring the diverse backgrounds of those I serve will be paramount.

During my earlier years of study, I developed a strong interest in becoming a paediatric occupational therapist. This block has offered me a unique perspective on paediatric care, one that differs significantly from my previous experience during the Paediatric block at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Regional Hospital. The children we encountered at the hospital and on campus, who were primarily from middle-class backgrounds, presented challenges that were distinct from those faced by the children in the Kenville community. In this community, I’ve had the opportunity to work with a wide range of paediatric clients, from newborns to Grade 1 children, and even teenagers participating in expressive groups. With the infants, I provided much-needed stimulation that they were not receiving at home, while educating their mothers on developmental milestones such as sitting, head control, and techniques to encourage crawling. The high influx of children at the clinic allowed me to impact many families, equipping mothers with crucial information they might not have otherwise received. This preventive approach was particularly important after observing a significant number of children displaying delays in basic concept development by the time they reached primary school (Case-Smith et al., 2014). Recognizing that these children often lack access to toys and educational materials, which leaves them at a disadvantage when they start school, I aimed to bridge that gap through my interventions. Additionally, working with pre-teens and teenagers on Fridays provided a creative outlet for them to express the challenges they face within their community. These sessions focused on enhancing their self-awareness, self-esteem, and consciousness through role play and other forms of artistic expression. This experience has underscored the importance of shaping the younger generation, who in turn have the potential to uplift and transform their community.

Although this block has presented challenges that have often made me feel inadequate in certain areas, the support of the group of colleagues I've spent the past two blocks with has made these difficulties more manageable. We've made a positive community that, despite our cultural differences, encourages hard work and mutual support. This friendship has been particularly beneficial for me in managing my anxiety, which has previously caused panic when reporting on clients, responding to academic questions from supervisors, or speaking in front of a crowd. This growing confidence has also empowered me to advocate and collaborate more effectively for my clients as taught in the community module. I've found the courage to collaborate with nurses when necessary, overcoming my fear of speaking up due to past experiences of feeling dismissed. This was used when following up on resources required for my client with CVA who is bedbound and also following up with her disability grant which finally got approved. Additionally, this newfound confidence has helped me to stand firm in my beliefs during non-academic discussions with my supervisor. While I deeply value her wisdom and passion for philosophy, which has greatly enriched my understanding of many topics, I’ve learned to maintain my own beliefs and values, ensuring that they remain intact during these insightful conversations.

This block also showed me how individuals' social, economic, and political situations affect their engagement in rehabilitation. Many people in the community were unfamiliar with what we do and were hesitant to talk with us, which often led to missed appointments. Working from a mobile clinic van and a gazebo in poor condition made our services seem less important to some. This experience taught me to work with the resources we have and be creative to ensure we provide effective interventions. Furthermore, the high crime rate in the area, compounded by the lack of a nearby police station, affects clients' safety and well-being, leading to trauma that influences their occupational engagement. I would also like to acknowledge our driver, Mr. Ngidi, who demonstrated exceptional selflessness. His dedication, willingness to go beyond his responsibilities, and ability to create a joyful atmosphere greatly enhanced our experience.

As I move forward into community service, I carry with me the lessons learned from this block—the importance of preparedness, cultural humility, adaptability, and resilience. I am reminded that true learning occurs in moments of discomfort and challenge, where we are forced to confront our limitations and grow

REFERENCES

Stubbe, D. E. (2020). Practicing cultural competence and cultural humility in the care of diverse patients. Focus, 18(1), 49-51.

Tervalon, M., & Murray-García, J. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0233

Case-Smith, J., & O'Brien, J. C. (2014). Occupational therapy for children and adolescents (7th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.

[sizo14]

An OT Curriculum Available In South Africa That Is On An International Level.

Images from google images.

Amongst all other health professions, occupational therapy is the only client-centered profession that focuses on promoting health and well-being through participation in meaningful activities. The primary goal is to enable participation by working with individuals, and communities to enhance their ability to engage in occupations they want to do, need to do, or are expected to do (World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 2024). For occupational therapists to be able to do so, occupational science or understanding is used to modify the occupation itself or the environment to support the client's needs or occupational engagement (Therapists, 2022). Higher educational training is needed to be a qualified OT, with one of the research-leading university, the University of KwaZulu Natal, offering the course. This then leads us to the big question: Are Occupational Therapists produced by this institution prepared for Community or Primary Health Care?

Primary Health Care (PHC) is the initial health care individuals need or seek. PHC is a whole-society approach that ensures that individuals receive quality, cost-effective, and effective health care that will enhance social well-being, mental well-being, and physical well-being (World Health Organisation,2022). Just like any other academic institution, the University of KwaZulu-Natal also has a set standard-based sequence of planned goals that is essential and facilitates learning amongst students, this is also known as a Curriculum (Great Schools Partnership, 2015). According to the Rhodes Department of Education, the curriculum specifies skills, content students need to learn and practice or achieve and be able to independently apply. This includes study materials, schedules, and instruments.  In today’s piece, we will be analyzing the OT curriculum at this prestigious University of KwaZulu Natal.

The UKZN OT practical aspect of the curriculum prepares students by demanding students to think out of the box and think on their toes, taking into consideration all the factors that affect access to health care such as socio-economic status. Going to their communities or homes aids in preventing social disparities in health care caused by one's socio-economic status. Knowing that you might never see the client again because of lack of access due to money or transport demands the therapist in charge (Student) to maximize time with the client and ensure that treatment is effective. With different placements in every block since the second year, your mind is broadened by the exposure to different clients' environments limiting us to just only recommend what the theory says that may collide with the client's real life situation.

With this exposure, you cannot suggest modifications that are based on what you think is the environment of the client but need to be in a real environment and make realistic programs and modifications. For example, just because the client says you they have stairs doesn’t mean you can suggest they build ramps, in communities like Mariannridge they might not do that, due to how their environment is like(living close together, the gradient of the stairs, and how the only houses they have are build and also socio-economic status). This makes one think of other individuals we have seen in clinics and suggested impossible things. But because we never understood and still learning, little grace and learning from these is important.

With every encounter with people accessing the service, you are always reminded that we need to have sympathy and treat each individual with care regardless of their socioeconomic status background, or reason for access.  We are taught to be advocates and work with stakeholders. This wasn’t an easy part because we were cautioned that we need to be able to articulate our words very well, which I am not so good in but improving. In this block, in Mariannridge we have recently advocated to the ward Councilor to donate wheelchairs to those who are in need,  as this assistive device does enable occupational engagement. We have collaborated and we are working hand in hand with other stakeholders with the minimum resources we have for treatment sessions, collaboration with individuals such as CCGs and learner support does make service delivery much better. We were prepared by the OT curriculum that you might not get all the fancy equipment in the place you are placed at, therefore you need to use available resources including human resources which brings hope that there will be a carryover of the sessions or treatment.

Not only as students we are practically prepared, with theory which is the basic and initial phase of the course we are prepared from the word go. How each module is set up for each year makes sense when you must integrate it in the Final, 4th year. Each module feeds on your holistic intervention from understanding Anatomy and physiology and integrating it with your Kinesiology when doing modifications. These modules selected are seen making forming a golden thread in 4th year and aiding in improving treatment delivery in primary health care. The presentations that take place aid in summarising and reporting about clients in writing or verbally.

There is a Zulu saying that says “akukho soka elingenasici” which translates to “there are always pros and cons in a situation. With the OT curriculum as students, we are Exposed late to practicing in the community even though it has changed for other levels. They are exposed to the community since the first year. We were unfortunate due to conditions such as COVID 19. With all this preparing us, it is worth it in the end even though it is physically, and mentally taxing. The workload makes it even harder especially during 4th year.,

Even so with the Dearth in Universities that thoroughly prepare students for Primary health care service delivery,  in the Discipline of  Occupational Therapy, The University of KwaZulu Natal curriculum is recommended. Their curriculum does not only equip them with assessment but intervention skills too, with the help of experienced supervisors and lecturers.

References

Great Schools Partnership. (2015, August 12). Curriculum Definition. The Glossary of Education Reform. https://www.edglossary.org/curriculum/

Therapists, W. F. of O. (2022, September 20). Statement on Occupational Therapy (Archived). WFOT. https://wfot.org/resources/statement-on-occupational-therapy

World Federation of Occupational Therapists. (2024). About Occupational Therapy. WFOT. https://wfot.org/about/about-occupational-therapy

World Health Organization. (2022). Primary Health Care. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/primary-health-care#tab=tab_1

World Health Organization. (2023). Declaration of Alma-Ata. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/declaration-of-alma-ata

[fanelesibongeneneot3]

The Importance of Maternal and Child Health in Society and How This Has Implications for Occupational Therapy Practice at the Community Level

Around the world, keeping mothers and children healthy is super important for making our communities strong. Maternal and child health isn't just about individual well-being; it's about the health of society as a whole. This blog will outline the importance of maternal and child health in society and the challenges. It will also analyze on how this has implications for Occupational Therapy practice, at the community level.  

Maternal and child health is a field that focuses on the wellbeing and healthcare services provided to a woman during pregnancy, birth, postnatal period, as well as the health and development of infants (WHO, 2015). Maternal and child health are important as they ensure the healthy growth and development of the child. Maternal health can also help to reduce poverty and promote gender equality, as women who are healthy are able to work, improve their economic status, Shaw (2006). In the community where I am doing my fieldwork block, we went to the clinic and observed that there are many mothers seeking medical help for their children at the clinic, appearing stressed and depressed. This affects their well-being, making it hard for them to take care of their families, leading to increased financial strain due to costs for transport and referrals to other hospitals.

The focus of occupational therapy interventions that can be offered to mothers in the above-mentioned situations, can start by assessing the mother's background and needs, focusing on reducing stress, coping strategies for depression, and improving wellbeing. Student therapists can help by providing intervention to their children and conducting home visits, as the rehabilitation team only comes once a month to the clinic. Advocating for them to community leaders is also part of the intervention, as the mobile delivery of medications doesn't fully address maternal and child health needs, especially for conditions like burns, cerebral palsy, down syndrome, and developmental delays. 

“When we see the face of a child, we think of the future. We think of their dreams about what they might become and what they might  accomplish," by Tutu (2021). This quote is about the importance of nurturing and supporting children, as they represent the future generation who will shape the world to come. The statistics show that South Africa is working hard to lower the rates of maternal mortality. Mothers and children are the foundation of society, and they are important because they help communities grow and stay strong. The roles of occupational therapy in the community include doing health promotions, teaching mothers about the importance of regular prenatal check-ups, proper diet, ultrasound screening, screening tests, and breastfeeding. In the community where i am doing fieldwork in, there were a lot of mothers with their children, which is good since they are ensuring that their children are healthy all the time.

According to King et al. (2006), maternal and child health are influenced by various factors, including social and economic factors. Unemployed women who only receive social grants are at a higher risk of experiencing poor maternal and child health due to a lack of access to healthcare, malnutrition, and inadequate living conditions. According to Winchester et al. (2021), social grants are not enough to cover all the needs of individuals. Maternal and child health is affected by mortality rates, with causes including HIV/AIDS, pregnancy complications, and inadequate healthcare access. In the community where I am doing fieldwork, some of the information was not obtained regarding the above conditions, but the occupational therapy intervention can focus on assessing their skills, interests, and abilities to help them find suitable employment opportunities and advocate for them. Occupational therapist students can conduct the gardening programs. Health promotions are to be done in clinics and in schools because there is a high rate of pregnancy in their schools. The mothers have to be educated on how they can protect or keep their children healthy during their development.

Substance abuse can impact maternal and child health, leading to complications such as premature birth, miscarriage, low birth weight, developmental delays, and maternal health issues. Bhengu (2020). In the community where I am doing fieldwork, there is high substance abuse. Both females and males abuse substances and this was observed in the community, since it was my first week in the community, I couldn’t obtain much information on pregnant women who are using substances. According to King (2004), being around the community of people who abuse substances is affecting both maternal and child health since it results in high levels of violence, sexual assault, suicide attempts, and other aggressive behaviors. Occupational therapy intervention can include health promotion, build insight, and focus on social skills training.

According to Signore et al. (2011), physical disabilities can impact the health of both mothers and children in several ways. The physical disabilities of mothers may limit their ability to engage in prenatal care, leading to poor maternal health outcomes. When a child has physical disabilities, it can be very stressful for the mother. This stress can lead to feelings of depression. In my community block, we were not yet exposed to pregnant mothers with physical disabilities since it was our first week. During the home visits, we encountered many women with physical disabilities, including a patient who has been bedbound for more than 10 years without a wheelchair. This situation has affected her children, and the ability of a mother to engage in community programs is affected. It will be beneficial to advocate for a wheelchair and do caregiver training on how to relieve pressure.

The picture shows a pregnant woman smoking, which is really dangerous for both her and the child. It is important for pregnant women to avoid smoking to keep themselves and their children safe and healthy.

The well-being of mothers and children is important for nurturing communities globally. By giving priority to maternal and child health, we not only enhance personal wellbeing but also society itself. Occupational therapy plays an important role in providing support and interventions within our communities. It’s important to remember that investing in maternal and child health isn't just about today; it's about securing a brighter, stronger future for us all.

References

Bhengu, B., Tomita, A., & Paruk, S. (2020). The role of adverse childhood experiences on perinatal substance use behavior in KwaZulu-Natal Province.

King, G., Flisher, A. J., & Lombard, C. (2004). Substance abuse and behavioral correlates of sexual assault among South African adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect.

King, M. S., Mhlanga, R. ., & De Pinho, H. (2006). The context of maternal and child health: maternal, child and women's health.

Picture: https://raisingchildren.net.au/pregnancy/health-wellbeing/healthy-lifestyle/smoking-pregnancy

Shaw, D. (2006). Women's right to health and the Millennium Development Goals: Promoting partnerships to improve access.

Signore, C., Spong, C., & Blackwell, S. C. (2011). Pregnancy in women with physical disabilities. Obstetrics & Gynaecology.

Tutu, D., (2021). https://blog.pssremovals.com/famous-south-africa-quotes

Winchester, M. S., King, B., & Rishworth, A. (2021). “It's not enough:” Local experiences of social grants, economic precarity, and health inequity in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Wellbeing, Space and Society.

World Health Organization (WHO); 2015. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/172427

[keenpostsoul]

MY REFLECTION ON CULTURAL HUMILITY 

Cultural humility appears as the golden thread that ties compassion, empathy, and respect into the fabric of patient-provider relationships in the multifaceted patchwork of healthcare, where each thread symbolizes a distinct individual seeking treatment. As a student-occupational therapist setting out on a path of empowerment and healing, I am more than just a practitioner of methods, but a steward of humankind, negotiating many cultural, religious, and traditional factors that influence everyone's perception of health and well-being. Visit my blog to read my reflections on experience, cultural humility, and my growth on both a personal and professional level. 

I am almost done with my fieldwork practicals, and I can say that it was a worthwhile and educational experience. I will talk about the advantages of cultural humility. First, in the healthcare setting, cultural humility is recognizing, honoring, and valuing the diversity of people's experiences, backgrounds, and beliefs. by emphasizing continuous process of introspection, being receptive to new ideas, and being prepared to have conversations with patients and communities in order to better comprehend their distinct needs and points of view. This is helpful in establishing a relationship with the client and learning about their viewpoint regarding their ailment. The choice of activities also takes cultural humility into consideration. For example, I had a Zulu patient from a rural area who was married and presented with partial SCI. So, I chose to undertake lower limb dressing, but first I needed to establish with the patient whether she was wearing trousers or skirts. I questioned the patient because I knew that most married women in Zulu culture do not wear trousers; only the leader of the household does. Fortunately, she wears them occasionally. With that, I am attempting to demonstrate the necessity of cultural humility; if I came up with the pant without involving the patient and undertake a dressing activity of the lower limbs while the patient does not wear the pant, what if her culture does not allow it? That would imply that I am not honoring her cultural beliefs. To take culture into account has become the prerequisite of delivering healthcare services to people from diverse socio-cultural contexts in which their health beliefs, values and practices are greatly informed (Tervalon and Murray-Garcia 1998; Kleinman et al. 1978). 

I used cultural humility extensively in my interviews with my patients and phone calls with their family when patients were unable to talk independently owing to a disease such as left CVA (Aphasic). The reasoning behind it was to better comprehend the client's perception of their problems, the source of a sickness, and the need of adhering to therapy. During my assessment sessions, I was constantly greeting my patients, particularly female patients, and asking for permission to touch them because some people from varied cultures do not like being touched by a guy. So I was using my understanding of culture and how it is appreciated.  

My dedication to cultural humility has propelled my personal and professional development because it inspires me to pause and reflect on my preconceptions, actively listen to my patient's unique experience, and approach collaborating with openness and respect. Through the lens of cultural humility, I begin to comprehend the importance of cultural norms and values in shaping my patients' worldview, For example i had the patient that declined OT treatment because she feels that her illness does not need western medicine but traditional treatment like seeing a sangoma/ inyanga becuase she believes that she was witch crafted crafted. I had to apply my awareness of cultural humility and try to respect but change the client’s thinking in a modest approach for her to be motivated and engage in our treatment. I'm learning about how family relationships, spiritual beliefs, and traditional healing methods influence my patients' approach to health and well-being. By adopting cultural humility, I am not only establishing trust and rapport with my patients, but also tailoring my therapy methods to meet their cultural preferences and requirements. I communicate with the patient's family members, seek information provided by cultural liaisons or interpreters as needed, and adjust my communication approach to overcome any cultural hurdles. This transforming path to cultural humility not only enhances my profession as an occupational therapist, but it also leads to more meaningful and successful patient results. It emphasizes the significant role that cultural humility may play in promoting inclusiveness, fairness, and respect in healthcare settings. And I believe that as occupational therapy students, we must embrace cultural humility as a cornerstone of our profession, acknowledging that our dedication to learning and progress has no borders. Practicing cultural humility helped me to learn from the clients and communities with whom they collaborate about their past and present experiences, as well as the viewpoints and interpretations that they offer to their own experiences. As a result, I hope to have a deeper awareness of the distinct personal and cultural identities of the patients I treat, which will help me prepare for the future. 

In conclusion, my path towards cultural humility in occupational therapy has been significant and illuminating. Through introspection, active listening, and respectful involvement with patients from all backgrounds, I have gained a better awareness of the necessity of cultural awareness in providing effective and compassionate treatment. Cultural humility is more than simply a talent to master; it is a mentality to embrace and cultivate. By acknowledging and valuing the variety of individuals we serve, we can raise the level of care and promote health equity for everyone. 

REFERENCES 

Agner, J. (2020). Moving from cultural competence to cultural humility in occupational therapy: A paradigm shift. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(4), 7404347010p1-7404347010p7. 

Reberg, J. (2019). The importance of cultural humility in occupational therapy. 

Chung, N. (2023). The cultural humility program: ensuring awareness, training, and effort as an occupational therapy practitioner (Doctoral dissertation, Boston University). 

Danso, R. (2018). Cultural competence and cultural humility: A critical reflection on key cultural diversity concepts. Journal of Social Work, 18(4), 410-430. 

[husnaot]

Therapeutic Use of Self: What is it?

Occupational therapy is a holistic approach to rehabilitation and healthcare that focuses on helping individuals achieve independence and improve their quality of life. One of the unique and powerful tools within the OT’s toolbox of techniques is the therapeutic use of self. It honestly took me a long time to grasp what this meant and how to use it in practice. After many learning experiences and guidance from my supervisor, I think I have a decent understanding of what it means. So for this blog post, I will explore what the therapeutic use of self in OT is, its importance and how it can elevate your treatment. 

The therapeutic use of self is a fundamental feature of occupational therapy practice. It refers to the deliberate and purposeful use of one's own personality, emotions, and experiences to create a therapeutic relationship with clients. We use our empathy, compassion, and genuine interest in our clients' well-being to establish trust and rapport. This connection forms the foundation upon which the therapeutic process is built.

Why is the therapeutic use of self so important? 

It helps to establish trust. Trust is essential in any therapeutic relationship. Clients are often vulnerable, facing physical or emotional challenges, and need to feel safe and supported. By using themselves therapeutically, OTs can create a secure space where clients feel comfortable sharing their concerns and working towards their goals. 

It assists with client-centred intervention. Every client is unique, with their own set of needs and goals. The therapeutic use of self allows OTs to adapt their approach to each individual, making interventions more effective. By understanding the client's background, preferences, and motivations, therapists can create customized treatment plans that resonate with the client's personal experiences. 

It promotes independence. Occupational therapy is all about helping clients regain independence in their daily lives. Through the therapeutic use of self, therapists can empower clients to take charge of their own recovery. By fostering a sense of autonomy and self-determination, OTs enable clients to make informed decisions and work towards their goals with confidence.

It brings out effective communication. This is vital in occupational therapy. The therapist's ability to listen actively, provide constructive feedback, and offer emotional support is greatly facilitated by the therapeutic use of self. This open and honest dialogue encourages clients to express their thoughts and feelings, leading to more productive therapy sessions.

How do we use it in practice:

One of the most important aspects of the therapeutic use of self is active listening. OTs must not only hear what their clients are saying but also understand the underlying emotions and concerns. By actively listening, OTs can respond empathetically, validating the client's experiences and emotions.

OTs must also demonstrate genuine empathy and compassion for their clients. This means acknowledging their struggles and celebrating their successes. By showing empathy, we can create a sense of understanding and connection that motivates clients to engage actively in therapy.

We must engage in ongoing self-reflection to understand their biases, emotions, and reactions. This introspection allows them to maintain professionalism and avoid projecting our own beliefs onto clients. It also helps OTs to stay emotionally resilient, as the work can be emotionally demanding.

We should also try to build a strong therapeutic alliance is key to successful outcomes in occupational therapy. OTs can use their personalities and interpersonal skills to build rapport with clients. This rapport fosters a sense of trust and collaboration, making it easier for clients to work towards their goals.

At the facility I currently am in, I struggled with grasping this concept. Because despite listening to the client, gaining her trust, and giving her the most client-centred treatment I could offer, it goes beyond that. I struggle to use myself as a therapist properly during sessions due to worry of pushing the client’s boundaries, but, most of the time, it needs to be pushed to create the best intervention. 

In conclusion, the therapeutic use of self is a powerful and integral aspect of occupational therapy. By harnessing their personality, emotions, and interpersonal skills, OTs can create a nurturing and supportive environment for their clients. This approach fosters trust, empowers clients, and enhances communication, ultimately promoting independence and improving the quality of life for those in need. In the world of occupational therapy, our ability to use ourselves therapeutically is a bridge to recovery, helping clients navigate the path towards a brighter future.

References:

Abson, D. (2019, March 3). Therapeutic Use of Self. The OT Hub. https://www.theothub.com/article/therapeutic-use-of-self

Ch, M., & OTR/L, ler. (2018, April 18). Therapeutic Use of Self: What Does That Even Mean for OTs? Myotspot.com. https://www.myotspot.com/therapeutic-use-of-self/#:~:text=The%20most%20widely%20cited%20contemporary

MOTR/L, M. C. (2023, April 27). How To Use Therapeutic Use Of Self In Occupational Therapy | OT Flourish. Otflourish.com. https://otflourish.com/therapeutic-use-of-self-occupational-therapy/‌

[otstudentlife]

Standing on the Edge of Glory: Almost an Occupational Therapist by Taking it One Step at a Time

Picture: Long queues at a clinic in KwaZulu-Natal. (Photo: Rian Horn / Ritshidze)

Introduction

"Occupational Therapy has been my most difficult degree thus far but I take one step at a time to continue toward my destination of finishing my degree". This is a sentence I often hear myself repeat in my mind to motivate myself. I have previous degrees in the Humanities including a postgraduate degree but even with this advanced degree, I believe the Health Sciences has the most challenging degrees to obtain. But why is a degree in the Health Sciences so challenging to complete? I narrow it down to three aspects. The environment, the clients and the course content. In turn I will examine each below.

Environment

Coming from a Humanities background in Economic Development and moving into Occupational Therapy (OT) has been an eye opener. Working in public health facilities has given me insight into the lives of ordinary South Africans more so than when I worked in the national government department of trade and industry. There I worked with mainly policy development whereas in this degree I see the conditions in which everyday people live and the health services they obtain which can be below service standards. For example, the cleanliness of some public hospitals is questionable as cockroaches are found in spaces in close proximity to hospital service users.

As students we may also travel into low-income areas to perform our fieldwork practical and this for me shows an entirely different side of South Africa compared to where I come from. This week, we travelled to Mariannridge and in our short walk of several hundred metres from the clinic to the library, we saw a man try to hold a woman against her will and she forcefully pushed him away, a group of three teenagers conducting card gambling with R5 and R10 bets and a group of street-guys calling out to us, the OT students, trying to be over-friendly.  These were somewhat disturbing sights to see and experience.

Clients

As a student therapist we see clients at sometimes their weakest point suffering from a physical or mental illness and this in turn affects us emotionally. We work with them intimately and Occupational Therapy demands that we get to know the whole person in depth. Their life story can affect us on an emotional level but we need to learn to “toughen up”. Hence, in terms of an emotional toll the journey to becoming an Occupational Therapist has its rollercoaster ups and downs and learning to deal with uncomfortable feelings is a task I am still learning to master.

Course Content

Learning to become and think like an OT clinician has been a steep learning curve. From the Humanities I am accustomed to a learning and test style of developing arguments through essays on abstract concepts. In OT I have had to learn an entirely new vocabulary relating to this field, ways of understanding and analysing clients, and coming up with treatment intervention plans. This learning process I do not believe will stop as I become a professional OT but I will become more familiar with how to think like an OT and acquire broader knowledge of how to treat clients. But in this initial learning phase it has been difficult to grasp exactly how to manoeuvre as an OT therapist (to be). I am grateful for the year of community service to come where I will have the opportunity to hone my skills further after the degree.

Way Forward

The way forward is to breath and take it step by step. It’s great to have supportive friends within my 3rd year class at UKZN to laugh with about the challenges we face together. It’s also very motivating to imagine having the degree eventually and working, though there is a worry at the back of my mind of how easy it would be to find a job. But I believe I will find one and have a fulfilling career. Hope is a great motivator.

Conclusion

Obtaining any degree is always a challenge but I am now of the belief that a degree in the Health Sciences is slightly more challenging to obtain. Having to work in under-resourced environments with clients that are vulnerable in that they are ill and for me to know the theory and implementation of OT and how to conduct myself as a professional can at times seem like a mammoth task. But is it worth it? I would say yes because I find it more fulfilling than my previous office work in that you can see if you’ve made a change in another person’s life. Thus, if you would like to pursue a degree in Occupational Therapy or the Health Science sciences, I would advise you to think deeply about whether your personality and temperament are suited to this field. If you say yes, then jump all in and “take one step at a time” to make it to the end of your degree.

______________________________________________________________

If you would like to know more about studying Occupational Therapy at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), please visit https://ot.ukzn.ac.za/

Good mental health is important while studying and if you are experiencing problems, please speak to someone. Seek out your campus Health services. There is also the South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) who you can contact for support. Visit https://www.sadag.org/ for further information.

You can perform a fun informal career assessment at https://www.truity.com/view/tests/personality-career to see which career may suit you.

If you would like to see what kind of jobs are available in Occupational Therapy visit https://za.indeed.com/q-occupational-therapist-jobs.html?vjk=73d15426d77805f6

[kerriskatheotstudent]

Blog 5

Cultural Humility.

Hello. Lotjani. Sawubona. Dumela. Hallo. Molo. Axuveni. (Buick, n.d.)

Braai’s, ancestors, milk tarts, flipflops in 15-degree weather, sangomas, bunny chows and rugby games. These are just a few examples of the various features of our South African culture. With 11 official languages and a population of diverse magnitude, South Africa is bursting at the seams with various exciting cultural backgrounds, that constitute our Rainbow Nation. Bearing this in mind, it is safe to say that the experiences, values, and cultures of our people are intertwined daily.

Often, interacting with a fellow South African is gloriously wondrous in that we are awarded the opportunity to view into an open window of that person’s cultural standing. This allows us to learn about and understand that which forms the individual. But ... what happens when that individuals’ cultural beliefs oppose your own or just seem downright unfathomable? Cultural humility. “Cultural humility is a practice of self-reflection on how one’s own background and the background of others, impact teaching, learning, research, creative activity, engagement, leadership, etc”. (University of Oregon, 2021)

As an occupational therapist in training, it is easy to identify the need for cultural humility in my professional handling. Being able to identify, acknowledge and accept cultural differences between oneself and your patient, is a massive progressive factor for the prognosis of therapy for that individual. Cultural humility in the healthcare workforce is significant in that it enables the formation of meaningful relationships, whose underpinning is respect and understanding. These meaningful relationships thus enable the provision and implementation of client-centred holistic intervention. Through the implementation of cultural humility, patients can collaborate effectively with the therapist as to what their goals are. From seeing that the therapist is understanding the cultural significance that this goal may hold for the individual, the patient is made more motivated and compliant with therapy, keen to achieve their goals within their cultural framework.

As a student, I have been given the opportunity to collaborate with numerous patients in a practical setting. Each of these patient’s advance from diverse ethnic groups, cultural backgrounds, religions, and races. From this experience, I was quickly able to identify the gaps between my patient’s and I. One of my patients in my previous year of fieldwork declined my services in speaking about the critical life events that have gravely impacted his well-being. He refused. Why? Does he not think therapy will help? Does he think I am not equipped with the professional capacity to handle such information?

No! According to this patient’s culture, as a male, speaking about your feelings and acknowledging that you are not okay is culturally frowned upon. Men were expected to be strong irrespective of how hard and uncomfortable they may feel. I quickly learnt that not all teaching styles, assessment forms and intervention programs could be followed step-by-step. I understood the importance of personalising your therapy to your patient in context. I understood the significance of cultural humility. (Naber et al., 2021)

I was able to understand how culture does not just affect our thinking patterns, but also the way we carry out simple daily activities (eg. The praying method in religious expression may be different for a Christian versus a Muslim). Culture is vast and so should our therapy be in context. From adhering to cultural humility, the skillset of an occupational therapist become vast and most effective. Cultural humility ultimately works in the best interest of the patient and therapist itself, inevitably leading to improved therapy for the patient.

References

Buick, K. (n.d.). How to say “hello” in all 11 of SA’s official languages. You. https://www.news24.com/you/Archive/how-to-say-hello-in-all-11-of-sas-official-languages-20170728

CHEA - Cultural Humility. (n.d.). CHEA. https://www.chea.upenn.edu/cultural-humility/#:~:text=Why%20is%20Cultural%20Humility%20important

Naber, A., Adamson, A., Berg-Poppe, P., Ikiugu, M., Tao, H., & Zimney, K. (2021). Using Embedded Encounters to Promote Cultural Humility in Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy Education. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.26681/jote.2021.050113

University of Oregon. (2021, August 16). What is Cultural Humility? The Basics. Equity and Inclusion. https://inclusion.uoregon.edu/what-cultural-humility-basics

[green-scrub-chronicles]

Evidence-based practice

Wait, cue the music, anchor the ship, we are back! What a journey it has been! Welcome to the evidence-based practice island of occupation.

When I looked down memory lane, I realised that the little choices processed through value and its intricacies laid the foundation of who I am today. A wise man once said, “May your choices reflect your hopes, not your fears.” That is exactly what we are all about today: decisions. Decisions are driven by factual evidence and collaborative and dynamic interaction with diverse sources of information. A decision can be defined as an internal, adventurous process of considering the facts laid out in front of you. My question to you is: if we are the decision-makers, what kind of life do we perceive our clients to live?

You may ask, "What is evidence-based practice?" It is characterized as fundamentally a clinical decision-making framework that motivates clinicians to integrate information from elevated quantitative and qualitative research with the clinician's clinical expertise and the client's history, preferences, and values. It is the complexity of incorporating the value, experience, and educational use one gain over time as a health practitioner. Furthermore, the compromise of viewing the client holistically, including their context and values, promotes a client-centred approach and proficiency in clinical reasoning. For more information read on:

The OT process consists of evaluation to build an occupational profile. We can enquire about relevant information through deliberate discourse with the client, clinical presentations, textbooks, or scholarly research to address the client's needs through prioritized assessments and interventions to promote the effectiveness of therapy through evidence-based practice. The principles of what we do and why we do it are facilitated by evidence-based practice. This week, I seized the ability to experience hand therapy. I was assisting two young men identified as X and K who both had the same diagnoses. I researched the pathology to apply broad therapy concepts, but what distinguished my approach from the two men was their diverse contextual backgrounds. The inefficiency of implementing the city-based home program for Mr K due to his peri-urban lifestyle of different religious and societal constructs will be meaningless. Evidence-based practice acts as a liaison between pathology and client-specific therapeutic needs.

Occupational therapists thrive on finding the "fit" between person, context, and environment. The evidence-based practice provides the opportunity to dive deeper through research to fit the different puzzle pieces together to do the puzzle through a collaborative approach to attain a shared goal. For instance, Mr K needed orthopaedic care to drain the abscess from his hand, nurses to dress his wound, and occupational therapy to return hand function so he could engage in his everyday activities and reintegrate with ease back home and work. This can be achieved through will of exposure and learning from our interactions.

According to Bennett and Bennett (2000), evidence-based practice is a framework and a process based on clinical considerations that must be made at all phases of the occupational therapy treatment process. Clinical questions that represent the information required to make clinical judgments and consider the specific client or group of clients being treated and the context in which therapy occurs are identified.

I know that is an amalgamation of information one is bombarded with, but I am the solution. Do not fear, OT enthusiasts; different reliable sources are available for an OT to refer to and learn from through the hierarchy of research Sackett's method of ranking evidence, such as the AOTA, AOTF, NIH, and SciElo. Please take a look below to read more about available resources.

We move to the “how,” which incorporates first asking questions related to assessment, treatment planning, and context. to be in search of evidence using a variety of sources to locate data relevant to the client. Then follows the appraisal of evidence to implement evidence-based data into practice in intervention planning.

We may not follow the same process of reviewing evidence, but when I saw the TB spine client, I entered the therapy session with a presumption of how he would present and began asking questions to better understand the pathology and establish his hypothesized prognosis. I consulted with the hospital OTs to attain a better understanding and learn from their experiences as practising OTs. I consolidated the information through online articles to guide my intervention planning. I would have followed up with the evidence presented to clinical reason out the therapeutic aims and goals I have for the client, which I would then implement into practice. This process may not work for the next person or client, but we change and adapt to use ourselves as therapeutic tools within and outside of therapy.

As we approach the final stops of our OT journey, when I look into the mirror, I fall in love with the person I see. The four-week-ago version of myself would have been proud of my tenacity, determination, and willingness to always learn, even in situations when I was on the verge of tears. How I managed my client's horrific experience of a situation we had no control over shifted my perception of myself and the importance of collaborative care. The continuous support from my supervisor allowed space for tranquillity and being okay with shortcomings, but also the importance of accountability, being equally yoked with my group, and wearing the shoe on the other foot. Sometimes we need to jump the fence and learn from those who have walked the path further than we have. Albert Einstein emphasized not to stop learning; allow yourself to explore and learn to be the therapist that is client-centred through EBP.

OT enthusiasts, if you ask me how my week was, no words can describe the physical and mental strain I was under. The academic pressure closed in on me, but through the guidance of my supervisor, "still I rise." She sharpened my observational skills during my session and explained their importance. What I learned was to be thorough and not superficial in going back to EBP to consider and apply the available resources to ensure intervention planning is evolving and therapeutic. She planted the purpose of precision and evidentiality from initial contact to treatment to guide and reason your session to attain therapeutic objectives through research, articles, observing experiences from seniors, and consolidating through interactive learning such as the NDT techniques tutorial.

My take-home message is that we as students forget the power element we instil within the sessions with the clients, and the role we play within the multidisciplinary team requires knowledge in order to clinically reason our therapeutic process. Remember, a decision is not a choice because “a good decision is based on knowledge and not on numbers.” – Plato

 Onto our final stop...

[ot3blogs22]

Overall Reflection

This block has been nothing short of emotions and lessons, and the term that best captures it all is "mixed emotions”. From week one, when I was anxious and excited and gained lessons about working with a community, to week two, when I had to really understand myself as a therapist, rethink my assumptions, and understand what has shaped my thinking and behavior to improve the service I provide to clients, to week three, when it all became real and I was exposed to the harsh and real living conditions of people, to week four, when I had to understand what treating holistically means, where the therapist needs to consider the client's context, background, history, family dynamics, community, and culture.    

Now that I am four weeks into the block, and looking back on where it started, I am flooded with emotions but grateful for the lessons. When I look back on the first week, anxious but excited. This week was full of excitement, grateful for a chance to be working within a community context, to get to interact with the community, and to improve the lives within the community. However, upon working and interacting with the community of Cato Manor, I quickly realized that in order to truly see change within a community, the community needs to be the driving force of change and I must only facilitate it. This was demonstrated by seeing projects implemented by the previous group of students not being sustained after they had left, and I realized I needed to engage the people of the community to truly see change, Wallerstein et al. (2015) attest to this by stating that for improvement within a community, the community members need to take lead.

The community block has not been easy, specifically from week two, it challenged my thinking and unraveled so much that I thought I had successfully buried. The community block has been the one block that has brought to the surface things from my past that I would rather forget, which then forced me to reflect and understand what has shaped my thinking and behaviour, this process allowed me to understand the root of doubting myself in all that I do and say, which then affected the service that I provided to clients, as I would be in my head, questioning all that I know. Not only that but it has also challenged my thinking and assumptions. When I first started this block, I never stopped to think about occupational therapy that goes beyond treating the individual in front of me. I never questioned why the mother with a SAM baby kept being re-admitted, and I was quick to say they were not compliant with treatment, not putting myself in the shoes of this mother, who is a single parent, unemployed, and has five children relying on her, in order to understand what was really going on. The community block has extended my horizons and helped me to understand the various forces that are unspoken due to factors such as stigma and social norms. It has enabled me to think of occupational therapy that goes beyond an individual and looks at social transformation. This is emphasized by Hammel and Iwama (2012), who indicate the necessity for occupational therapists to shift their focus to social reformation. In the community of Cato Manor, this has driven the projects that we have initiated such as the maternal and child health project, aiming at social transformation.

In week three, when I was learning to be reflective in all that I see within the community, when I was learning to be out of my head and be in the moment. I was exposed to the harsh realities of people within the community. Poverty and unemployment being the most prevalent. According to a study done in Cato Manor, the high rates of unemployment and poverty were raised as key factors that are likely to cause crime in Cato Manor. Drug addiction was ranked third, but quite significantly lower than both unemployment and poverty (Goodenough, 2006). This highlights the issue of poverty and unemployment in Cato Manor community. I observed within the community, high school learners from families that lived in extreme poverty, where the only meal they would get a day would be from the school. Due to these conditions, they would then date older men, just to get money for the basic necessities. This made me realize how much the community is affected by the injustices of our system, that much still needs to be done to fight the inequalities in our society, and as the discipline of occupational therapy, there is much we can offer, from upskilling the community members to advocating for occupational justice.

In week four, from the discussions in class, the essays, and the blogs, through reflection in each, I got to understand what treating holistically meant, where the therapist needs to consider the client's context, background, history, family dynamics, community, and culture to be truly holistic (Odawara, 2005). I realized that to understand a client and treat them holistically, understanding their lived experiences such as poverty, and gender-based violence is a significant part of treatment. From a personal perspective, although it has not been easy, where I felt like giving in, I have been able to learn the power of a healthy mind, which has kept me going, and eager to improve my skills.

From the four weeks of community block, I have gained valuable lessons both professionally and personally that have broadened my perspective of what it means to be an occupational therapist.

References

Goodenough, C. (2006). Co-ordinated service delivery: local government's efforts to make Cato Manor safer. SA Crime Quarterly, 2006(17), 19-23.

Hammell, K. R. W., & Iwama, M. K. (2012). Well-being and occupational rights: An imperative for critical occupational therapy. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 19(5), 385-394.

Odawara, E. (2005). Cultural competency in occupational therapy: Beyond a cross-cultural view of practice. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 59(3), 325-334.

Wallerstein, N., Minkler, M., Carter-Edwards, L., Avila, M., & Sanchez, V. (2015). Improving health through community engagement, community organization, and community building. Health behavior: theory, research and practice, 5.

[phumelelanene]

Cultivating Cultural Competence

Have you ever felt out of place in a new cultural setting? Or perhaps struggled to understand a client's unique cultural perspective as an occupational therapist? These experiences highlight the importance of cultural humility - a concept that goes beyond mere cultural sensitivity. In this blog, I'll explore the meaning and significance of cultural humility, and how it can transform the way we interact with others in our personal and professional lives.

Cultural humility is about recognizing the limitations of our own cultural perspectives and values, and approaching interactions with others from a place of openness, respect, and curiosity. It involves a willingness to learn from people who are different from us, and to challenge our own biases and assumptions. This is particularly important in situations where there are differences in race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or socioeconomic status. By practicing cultural humility, we can gain a deeper understanding of diverse communities and work towards creating more equitable and inclusive environments.

In occupational therapy, cultural humility is crucial for providing effective interventions that consider the whole person and their context. It involves understanding the impact of culture on health beliefs and practices, acknowledging power imbalances between therapist and client, and working collaboratively with clients to create interventions that are culturally sensitive and appropriate. By incorporating cultural humility into occupational therapy practice, therapists can create a more inclusive and equitable healthcare system for all clients.

Beyond occupational therapy, cultural humility has implications for our personal lives as well. By approaching interactions with others from a place of humility, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the unique perspectives and experiences of those around us. This can foster greater empathy, understanding, and connection in our relationships.

As a student, I have come to recognize the significance of cultural humility in my work. Through my interactions with clients from diverse backgrounds, I have realized that effective interventions require an understanding of the impact of culture on health beliefs and practices.

However, I have also received critical feedback from my supervisors regarding the need for greater cultural humility. In some cases, I have struggled to acknowledge power imbalances between therapist and client and have overlooked the importance of working collaboratively with clients to create culturally sensitive interventions.

Despite these challenges, I have taken these critiques to heart and have worked to incorporate cultural humility into my practice. I have sought out additional training and resources on cultural competency and have made a conscious effort to approach interactions with an open mind and a willingness to learn.

As I continue my journey as an occupational therapist, I recognize that cultural humility is an ongoing process - one that requires ongoing reflection and growth. But by embracing this concept, I am confident that I can provide more effective and meaningful interventions to my clients and contribute to a more equitable and inclusive healthcare system.

Living in a country like South Africa I recognize that incorporating cultural humility into my occupational therapy practice is a continual process that requires ongoing learning and reflection. However, I am dedicated to seeking out training, engaging in critical reflection, and receiving feedback from my supervisors and colleagues. I understand that I may face obstacles along the way, such as power imbalances or differing health beliefs, but I am committed to approaching every interaction with an open mind and a willingness to learn. I am confident that by doing so, I can provide culturally sensitive and appropriate care to my clients and make a positive impact on the healthcare system.

In conclusion, cultural humility is an essential concept that can transform the way we interact with others in both our personal and professional lives. By recognizing the limitations of our own cultural perspectives and approaching interactions with openness, respect, and curiosity, we can create more inclusive and equitable environments for all. Whether we're occupational therapists or simply navigating our daily lives, cultural humility can help us build stronger connections with those around us and create a more compassionate and understanding world.

The South African Society of Occupational Therapists (SASOT) Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Interest Group: This interest group provides information and resources on cultural humility and diversity for occupational therapists in South Africa, including webinars, discussion forums, and research articles.

The Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation: This foundation provides healthcare services and conducts research on HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Their website includes resources related to cultural humility and working with diverse communities in the South African context.

The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation: This organization promotes social justice and reconciliation in South Africa through research, dialogue, and advocacy. Their website includes resources related to cultural humility, including webinars and publications on diversity and inclusion.

The South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC): The SAHRC is a constitutional body that promotes and protects human rights in South Africa. Their website includes resources related to cultural humility and human rights, including reports on discrimination and inequality in South Africa.

[aspiring-ot]

Reflection on Community

As an occupational therapy student, I am currently in a community block at Cato manor clinic. This is one block that I can say it has pushed me out of my comfort zone, it has given, me the experience that I never thought I would ever experience in my life of an occupational therapy student.  There is a saying that says, “a comfort zone is a beautiful place, but nothing ever grows there.” (Funny Comfort Zone Quotes - Google Search, 2013), being on this community block I have grown to live and understand what it means. I was placed at Cato Manor Clinic in Durban, and I got to learn a lot about the community that sometimes some things you do not have to look at them as I am here to work or offer services but some things you need to look at them as “how can I make a difference?”

During my community fieldwork in occupational therapy, I have learned a great deal about the importance of collaboration and communication when working with clients According to research it states that “Occupational therapists work as equal partners with community members” (Southgate, 2023). It is essential to establish a rapport with clients and their families to gain their trust and ensure that they feel comfortable sharing their concerns and goals. It is very important to get to know the client before you start treating professionally, and offering services to the client so that you will be able to understand the client’s condition and how the client is feeling and what the client is going through. So that you as the therapist will understand their prognosis, to know how they are improving and how they are not. This for me is an experienced I got at the clinic. This block has taught me that it is very important to understand the client’s environment that they live in, so that you will be able to understand the client’s living condition, so that you will be able to implement your intervention according to their living condition.

Additionally, I have learned that it is crucial to consider the client's environment and cultural background when developing treatment plans. This includes understanding the client's daily routines, social support systems, and any cultural beliefs or practices that may impact their participation in therapy. Another critical lesson I have learned is the value of adapting interventions to meet each client's unique needs. Research says that (Community Occupational Therapy Interventions, 2021) “Today, occupational therapists adhere to this perspective, recognizing that health is supported and maintained when individuals are able to engage and participate in occupations and activities at home, school, the workplace and in their community” This involves using evidence-based practice while also being flexible enough to modify interventions based on individual preferences, abilities, and limitations. That is whereas occupational therapists also engage in home visits where we o intervention based on how the client lives at home and we try to accommodate intervention at a place that is more convenient for the client so we understand the conditions they live under and what adaptations can be done for them and the environment they are in. Overall, my community fieldwork has taught me that effective occupational therapy requires a holistic approach that considers all aspects of a client's life. By collaborating with clients, families, and other healthcare professionals while remaining adaptable in our interventions, we can help individuals achieve their goals and improve their quality of life. According to research, “Occupational therapy actively participates in programs and services to promote the health of communities and populations, developing and implementing occupational-based approaches that pursue the involvement and participation of a population in occupations that promote health in the community” (Estrany-Munar et al., 2021). In the community of Cato Manor I understood that when you treat a patient you need to be able to relate to what the patient is going through, and as I said you need to be pushed out of your comfort zone to actually understand what the client is going through, by this I mean be able to see the conditions the client is going through.

This experience provided me with the opportunity to apply my theoretical knowledge and skills in a real-world context. During my placement, I worked with individuals of all ages who had various physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges, I got to understand the community aspect on treating patients that you need to consider the whole environment that they reside in and that you need to be able to provide intervention for the client in that environment an intervention that it is effective and beneficial to the client.

Reflecting on my fieldwork block, I realized that occupational therapy is not just about helping people perform daily activities but also about empowering them to live their lives to the fullest. Through this experience, I learned the importance of building rapport with clients and their families to understand their needs and goals better. I also gained insight into the challenges faced by healthcare professionals in providing quality care within limited resources. The experience taught me how to be resourceful and creative when working with clients who have limited access to equipment or facilities. Overall, my fieldwork block was an enriching experience that allowed me to develop my clinical skills while making a meaningful impact on people's lives. It has reinforced my passion for occupational therapy and motivated me to continue learning and growing as a healthcare professional. There is a saying that says, “great things never come from comfort zones” (2021), that I got to experience on this block.

References

60656 ch01 Doll. (n.d.). http://samples.jbpub.com/9780763760656/60656_ch01_Doll.pdf

Community Occupational Therapy Interventions. (2021). Encyclopedia.pub. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/8267

Estrany-Munar, M.-F., Talavera-Valverde, M.-Á., Souto-Gómez, A.-I., Márquez-Álvarez, L.-J., & Moruno-Miralles, P. (2021). The Effectiveness of Community Occupational Therapy Interventions: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063142

Funny comfort zone quotes - Google Search. (2013). Google.com. https://www.google.com/search?sa=X&hl=en&sxsrf=AJOqlzU8BltBmLnHf-htowGc2fo6_Tv3CA:1679676135682&q=Funny+comfort+zone+quotes&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&vet=1&biw=1536&bih=746&dpr=1.25#imgrc=-FJqgWx4uiZFjM

Kugel, J. D., Javherian-Dysinger, H., & Hewitt, L. (2017). The Role of Occupational Therapy in Community-Based Programming: Addressing Childhood Health Promotion. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.15453/2168-6408.1259

Southgate, N. (2023). Introduction | Occupation Based Community Development Framework. Uct.ac.za. https://vula.uct.ac.za/access/content/group/9c29ba04-b1ee-49b9-8c85-9a468b556ce2/OBCDF/pages/intro.html

The Role of Occupational Therapy (OT) In Community-based Home Care Services. (n.d.). https://www.saot.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/The-Role-of-Occupational-Therapy-OT-In-Community-based-Home-Care-Services_November-2016.pdf

van Stormbroek, K., & Buchanan, H. (2016). Community Service Occupational Therapists: thriving or just surviving? South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 46(3). https://doi.org/10.17159/23103833/2016/v46n3a11

Yin Chui, D. Y. (1998). What Is Community-Based Rehabilitation: An Implication of the Roles of Community Occupational Therapists in Hong Kong. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 11(3), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/j003v11n03_07

(2021). Thebrightquotes.com. https://thebrightquotes.com/great-things-never-came-from-comfort-zones/

[keenpostsoul]

REFLECTION ON WHAT I LEARNT ABOUT CLIENT-CENTRED PRACTICE

Client-centered practice is an approach to counseling, therapy, and healthcare that emphasizes the client's perspective, autonomy, and agency. It focuses on empathy, unconditional positive respect, authenticity, and client autonomy. A client-centered approach has been defined as one that is 'based on the belief that the client is the important person in the relationship and that she has the resources and ability to help herself given the opportunity to do so' (Dexter & Wash 1986, p 17). The practice empowers the client to communicate and decide how they wish to be treated. In this blog i am going to reflect about what i have learnt this week on the planning and implementation of the client centered practice and how that helped me to grow personally and professionally.

Reflecting on what I've learned about client-centered practice is like looking into a mirror and seeing not only the complexities of the human experience, but also the essence of compassionate care and true connection. That encouraged me a lot this week and and forced me to pause, reflect, and peel back every aspect of our own humanity in order to better understand and help the clients in providing intervention the way they wanted. This week, I learnt that my client has never worked, is from North KZN, and is married. The client is 68 years old and was raised under an old cultural belief system in which women are not supposed to work and must stay at home caring for their children and the home, while the head of the family is expected to work. As a result of that, the client focusing on one occupation for the most of her pre-morbid life, occupational imbalance occurred. The client has difficulty recognizing her interests other than cooking and caring for herself and her family. This discovery helped me choose the ideal tasks, such as food preparation, grooming, and functional mobility because they are relevant to the client, and I have observed that the client is quite motivated to participate in these occupations despite the fact that the pain she is experiencing interferes with her performance, 'clients with musculoskeletal pain when engaged in client centered practice they show clear tendencies for improvement than those who received the conventional approach' (Munzo Alamo et al (2002)).

During this week, through feedback from the supervisor and cooperation from the client i have also learnt that Client-centered practice promotes cultural humility and respect for clients' different backgrounds and identities. As occupational therapists, we seek to understand the cultural context of our clients' lives and modify our approach accordingly, ensuring that interventions are culturally acceptable and respectful. Research has shown that client-centered approaches are associated with positive therapeutic outcomes, including improved psychological well-being, symptom reduction, and enhanced quality of life. By focusing on the client's strengths and resources, client-centered practice promotes resilience and facilitates meaningful change and As a student-therapist, being exposed to such experiences has allowed me to improve personally in terms of considering the patient in all scenarios in the future for positive results.

Finally, reflecting on my experiences giving intervention as an occupational therapy student, I have learned priceless insights into the key components of effective therapeutic practices. I've learnt to personalize solutions to my clients' specific needs by doing extensive evaluations, using a combination of verbal and physical signals, and using client-centeredness practice. These experiences not only enriched my understanding of theory and practice, but also demonstrated the significance of taking the client's background and future aspirations into account when preparing interventions. Furthermore, my experience has highlighted the importance of continuous professional growth and the function of supervision in directing and growing clinical abilities.

I'm determined to put these teachings into practice as an occupational therapist as I advance in my career to help clients become more independent and live better lives. I am sure that by continuing to be flexible, receptive to new ideas, and committed to provide client-centered care, I will be able to significantly improve the lives of the people I work with. All things considered, my experiences delivering intervention have been life-changing, molding me both personally and professionally and getting me ready for the fulfilling career path that lies ahead in the field of occupational therapy.

REFERENCES

Sumsion, T. (Ed.). (2006). E-Book Client-Centered Practice in Occupational Therapy: A Guide to Implementation. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Whalley Hammell, K. R. (2013). Client-centred practice in occupational therapy: Critical reflections. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 20(3), 174-181.

Law, M., Baptiste, S., & Mills, J. (1995). Client-centred practice: what does it mean and does it make a difference?. Canadian journal of occupational therapy, 62(5), 250-257.

[drjohngkuna]

Phycological Therapy, Danville Pa

All along, Dr Kuna participated in meetings both as a group member and as an interpreter and the aim has all the time been to assist parents make the best decisions for his or her household. With Danville resources and connections, neighborhood networking and socialization opportunities with organizations such because the YMCA, Children’s Museum, and playgroups are available therapy in Danville pennsylvania to our EI households. Your youngster will take part in a play-based analysis to discover out if they are eligible for providers. Infants and toddlers, ages birth-3, who're determined to have particular wants because of a developmental delay or diagnosis, are eligible to receive Early Intervention Services. These companies are free and haven't any revenue tips.

Empathy, understanding and assist are provided unconditionally. Psychological Services Clinic based mostly in Danville, PA, offers complete treatment — the place compassion comes along with proven remedies and continuous enchancment throughout a variety of individualized remedy methods. Whether your pet is rehabilitating from trauma or harm, healing from wounds, or simply getting older, laser therapy has been shown to provide relief and speed healing. State Licenses are permits issued by government agencies that permit rehab organizations to conduct business legally inside a certain geographical space. Typically, the type of program a rehab facility presents, along with its physical location, determines which licenses are required to function legally. We are at all times looking for quality employees who're dedicated to the psychiatric care of adults with psychological diseases.

Coming to counseling takes courage, so it's my aim to create an area the place you can feel absolutely accepted no matter your background or the present struggle you are going through. In therapy, I concentrate on building on your strengths via a non-judgmental and compassionate method. When it comes to treatment methods, there is no 'right way.’ Each methodology of therapy can be useful for quite lots Therapy in Danville PA of points. Finding a psychologist or therapist who is an efficient fit for you is the most important step to discovering what sort of therapy, or mixture of therapeutic approaches, will meet your particular person needs. Learn what to expect from different varieties of therapy and how they work. I think about it an absolute honor and privilege to walk alongside others of their journey of healing, equipping them with abilities, encouragement and hope to navigate life every day.

The whole Phoenix Physical Therapy Team is committed to offering our sufferers with high quality bodily therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy in a safe and healthy clinic environment. We proceed to follow the steering supplied by the CDC, WHO and public well being officers to replace you as new data turns into out there. Let’s work collectively to keep each other safe and healthy. I am licensed in Pennsylvania with 7 years of skilled work expertise. I have experience in helping clients with relationship issues, trauma and abuse, intimacy related issues, & motivation, self-worth, and confidence. Taking step one to in search of a more fulfilling and happier life takes braveness.

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