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[4d4k0]

Learn the Basics of Kotlin ~~ep1~

An Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Kotlinを進めた

Variables 変数

可変

varキーワードを使用する。型指定(type引数)は省略できる。

var greeting: String = “Hello World!” var greeting = “Hello World!”

不変

valキーワードを使用する

val greeting = “Hello Kotlin”

文字列：String型

文字列の連結 +演算子を使用する

val language = "Kotlin" val creator = "JetBrains" val description = language + " is created by " + creator

変数の前に$を付けると二重引用符で囲まれた変数を使用できる。

val releaseDate = “20110701” val releaseString = “Kotlinは$releaseDateでリリースされました”

数字

主な数値タイプ

int 整数 32bit

long 整数 64bit

float 浮動小数点 32bit

double 浮動小数点 64bit

val num1 = 42 //int val num2 = 3.14 //double val num3 = 42L //long val num4 = 3.14f //float

toType関数を使用して型変換が可能

val num1 = 42.toFloat() //float val num2 = num1.toDouble() //double

アンダースコアをもちいて数値を読みやすくできる

val distToMoon = 92_960_000 //miles(inferred type int)

booleans

true or false. 他と変わらん

Nullability(Null安全):まだよくわからん

null:何とも等しくない。Nullを原則許容しない仕組みのことを指す。 Null安全についての記事：【Null安全】Kotlin Java比較メモ 正しいNull安全の使い方

val x: Int // Error - variable must be initialized val x: Int = null // Error - null cannot be a value for non-null type Int val x: Int? = null // OK val y: String = null // Error - null cannot be a value for non-null type String val y: String? = null // OK

Null値の処理に役立つ演算子 nullの長さを返そうとしてエラー

val name: String? = null println(name.length) // Error - Only safe (?.) or non-null asserted (!!.) calls are allowed on a nullable receiver of type String?

?を用いるとnullを返すからOK

val name: String? = null println(name?.length) // prints “null”

null許容変数をnullにできないことが確実に分かっている場合は!!を使用する

var name: String? = null name = "Treehouse" println(name!!.length) // prints "9"

Collections

配列 リスト マップ

Arrays 配列 arrayOf関数を使用する

val cardNames: Array = arrayOf(“Jack”, “Queen”, “King”) val cardNames = arrayOf(“Jack”, “Queen”, “King”) //型指定の省略cardNames[0] = “Ace”

配列は固定サイズなため、追加・削除する方法はない。 コレクションのアイテムを追加・削除したい場合はlistを使用する。

list リスト

listとmutablelistがある list：ほぼarray mutablelist：アイテムの変更・追加・削除が可能。mutableListOf関数を使用

val cards = mutableListOf(“Jack”, “Queen”, “King) mutableListのオプション cards.add(“Ace”) cards.remove(“Jack”) cards.clear() //empty list card.addAll(“Jack”, “Queen”, “King”)

maps マップ

mapとmultableMapがある。これはlistと同じ感じ。 キーと値のペアを保存

val cards = mapOf(“Jack” to 11, “Queen” to 12, “King” to 13) val jackValue = cards[“Jack”] // 11

値を追加したい場合など

val cards = mutableMapOf(“Jack” to 11, “Queen” to 12, “King” to 13) cards[“Ace”] = 1

toMutableMap関数を使用して、マップをMutableMapに変換することもできる。

val cards = mapOf("Jack" to 11, "Queen" to 12, "King" to 13) val mutableCards = cards.toMutableMap()

Control Flow

Looping ループ処理 forループ whileループがある

for文

foreach文 配列を表示

for (card in cards) { println(card) }

例　i = 1から10

for(i in 1..10){ println(i) }

例　i = 10から1 downTo演算子を用いる

for(i in 10 downTo 1){ println(i) }

mapを表示

val cards = mapOf(“Jack” to 11, “Queen” to 12, “King” to 13) for ((name, value) in cards){ println(“$name, $value”) }

while文 他と同じで!falseの間はループ

while (stillDownloading) { println(“Downloading…”) }

if Expression if文

基本的には他と似てる if文を使用した変数の定義。1行のみの場合は{}は省略可能

val aIsBigger = if (a > b){ true } else { false } val aIsBigger = if (a > b) true else false

When Expression

switch的なやつらしい。kotlinではswitch文じゃなくてwhenを使う。

when (cardInt) { 11 -> println(“jack”) 12 -> println(“queen”) 13 -> println(“king”) }

if文と同様に変数の定義にも使える。else必須

val cardName = when (cardInt) { 11 -> println(“jack”) 12 -> println(“queen”) 13 -> println(“king”) else -> “Other” }

Functions 関数

funキーワードを用いる。楽しそう。

fun printJack(){ println(“Jack”) }

引数あり

fun printCard(cardName: String, cardValue: Int){ println(“$cardName = $cardValue”) }

返り値あり

fun getCardString(cardName: String, cardValue: Int): String{ return (“$cardName = $cardValue”) }

中身がreturnのみの場合は省略して駆ける。返り値の型指定も省略できる。

fun getCardString(cardName: String, cardValue: Int): String = “$cardName = $cardValue” fun getCardString(cardName: String, cardValue: Int) = "$cardName = $cardValue"

参考サイト：An Absolute Beginner’s Guide to Kotlin

[coinghelpplease-blog]

MemoryGame.cs

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Project1 {    class MemoryGame    {

       // Attributes        private int numGuesses;          // hold the number of guesses someone has made        private Stopwatch sw;            // used to start/stop/reset and get how long the game has been running        private int currentClickCount;   // used to figure out what part in the 2 card click cycle you are at        private string[,] cardValues;    // 2-dimentional (4 row x 8 column) array to hold the text values we are matching        private int numRows;             // variable to use instead of (4)        private int numColumns;          // variable to use instead of (8)        private int numMatches;          // our match count - in a game with 32 cards when you hit 16 matches you are done

       private int[] pickOne;           // array to hold the row + column value of the first card        private int[] pickTwo;           // array to hold the row + column value of the second card

       // Constructor        public MemoryGame(int nR, int nC)        {            // set the numRows and numColums variables

           // give some memory to our pickOne and pickTwo arrays

           // give some memory to our cardvalues array

           // give some memory to our stopwatch instance

           // Initialize everything            resetGame();        }

       // Create Properties for:        //------------------------        // CurrentClickCount        // NumGuesses        // NumRows        // NumColumns        // PickOne        // PickTwo

       // Create a function that starts the stopwatch        public void StartTime()        {

       }

       // Create a function that retrieves the stopwatch's current value        public decimal GetTime()        {

       }

       // Create a function that returns the value of the card        public string GetCardValue(int r, int c)        {

       }

       // checks the card values of the two picks, returns true if they are the same, false otherwise        public bool matchMade()        {

       }

       // similar to matchMade() - this checks the card values of the two picks and increases the numMatches count if they are the same        // also returns true/false if the game is finished or not        public bool GameWon()        {

       }

       // reset the game back to it's default states        public void resetGame()        {            // initialize guesses

           // reset the picks to an invalid value

           // create a random object to generate a random number            Random r = new Random();            // create a list of characters to choose from for our match game            string allChoices = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" + "0123456789" + "!@#$%^*()";

           // create an array of characters to hold all of the needed cards                              char[] guessPool;

           // give guessPool some memory

           // create a temporary character to hold the current selection

           // generate all 32 characters (16 pairs of characters)

               // Get one random character and then place it in the next slot too                // Ex: if we are looking to fill 32 cards then we need 16 random character                // we don't want any duplicates so keep trying to find a character that hasn't been picked before                // HINT: look to use something like Array.IndexOf

               // Once you find an unused character double it up

           // Take the array we have and randomize the letters in it            // HINT - call the ShuffleStuff function below

           // assign our cardValues array values from our now valid list of characters (guessPool)

           // reset the stopwatch

       }

       // Utility function to shuffle cards        public static void ShuffleStuff(char[] array)        {            System.Random random = new System.Random();            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)            {                int j = random.Next(i, array.Length); // Don't select from the entire array on subsequent loops                char temp = array[i];                array[i] = array[j];                array[j] = temp;            }        }

   } }

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HOW TO COLLECT BASEBALL CARDS CHEAPLY AND EFFECTIVELY?

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VINTAGE BASEBALL CARDS: WHAT TO DO WHEN THEY'RE IN A BOX AND YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO WITH THEM?

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50 MOST VALUABLE ROOKIE BASEBALL CARDS OF ALL TIME!

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Unveiling the Value and Rarity of 1993 Topps Micro Baseball Cards