#coenzymes

[falseandrealultravival]

Vitamin B3, niacin (from tobacco)

Nicotinic acid (Na) is one of the three structural isomers of pyridinecarboxylic acid. Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are collectively called niacin. Niacin corresponds to vitamin B3 in the vitamin B group.

history

In 1867, it was discovered as a carboxylic acid obtained by oxidizing the alkaloid nicotine, and was given the common name nicotinic acid. In 1911, Umetaro Suzuki and C. Funk isolated it from living organisms as a pellagra-preventive factor. In 1937 C.A.Elvehjem revealed that nicotinic acid is a vitamin. Around the end of the 20th century, annual global production of nicotinic acid reached more than 10,000 tons[2]. However, most of it was produced for feed, and nicotinic acid for human food additives and pharmaceuticals was less than 10% of the total production.

Manufacturing method/Biosynthesis

It is obtained by oxidizing pyridine derivatives such as β-picoline with a side chain at the 3-position with strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid and potassium permanganate. It is also synthesized by a method of constructing a pyridine ring. Salts of nicotinic acid and copper are sparingly soluble in water.

In animals and fungi, it is synthesized in vivo from tryptophan via kynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, while in plants and bacteria it is biosynthesized from aspartic acid and the C3 unit, a glycerol-related metabolite.

physiological activity

Main article: Niacin

In vivo, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate containing nicotinic acid in a partial structure are hydrogen acceptors of oxidoreductases and are important as coenzymes.

ニコチン酸（ニコチンさん、英: nicotinic acid、Na）とは、ピリジンカルボン酸（英語版）の3つの構造異性体の中の1つである。ニコチン酸とニコチン酸アミドを総称してナイアシンと呼ばれる。ナイアシンは、ビタミンB群の中のビタミンB3に当たる。

歴史

1867年にアルカロイドのニコチンを酸化して得られるカルボン酸として発見され、ニコチン酸という慣用名が与えられた。1911年に鈴木梅太郎およびC.Funkらが生体より抗ペラグラ因子（こうペラグラいんし、pellagra‐preventive factor）として単離した。ニコチン酸がビタミンであることは、1937年にC.A.Elvehjemによって明らかにされた。 20世紀末頃で世界中の1年間のニコチン酸の生産量を合算すると、1万トン以上に達していた[2]。ただし、その大部分は飼料用として生産されていた物であって、ヒトに用いる食品添加物や医薬品用のニコチン酸は、全生産量の1割にも満たない量であった。

製法・生合成

3位に側鎖を持つβ-ピコリンなどピリジン誘導体を、硝酸や過マンガン酸カリウムなど強い酸化剤で酸化すると得られる。また、ピリジン環を構築する方法でも合成される。ニコチン酸と銅との塩は、水に溶けにくい。

動物・菌類では生体内で、トリプトファンからキヌレニン、3‐ヒドロキシアントラニル酸を経由して、一方、植物や細菌ではアスパラギン酸とグリセロール近縁代謝物質であるC3ユニットから生合成される。

生理活性

詳細は「ナイアシン」を参照

生体内では、ニコチン酸を部分構造に含むニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドやニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸が、酸化還元酵素の水素受容体であり、補酵素として重要である。

Wikipediaより

Smoke (tobacco) is an indispensable material for human beings.

Rei Morishita

[onlinedietarysupplement]

How do CoQ10 Supplements Help Improve Heart Health?

A healthy heart is a primary requirement for healthy living, and your diet has a crucial role in doing so. A nutritious diet containing a balance of vitamins, proteins, and carbohydrates is all you need to take regularly. A balanced diet is not enough as you also need to perform exercise in your daily routine. For some people, following a balanced diet with regular exercising is not possible due to their health condition or any other reason.

What those people can do is look for alternative ways. And, when we talk about alternative ways, taking natural supplements to lower cholesterol is one of the best ways to keep your heart healthy. Supplements such as Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have proven beneficial, especially among people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Thus, the risk of experiencing repeat heart attacks will be minimal, and its use will also lower blood pressure. Before going any further, let’s know about CoQ10.

What is Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)?

CoQ10 is a natural substance present in every cell of the human body. Its role is to convert food into energy, and it does so by making the antioxidant adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is primarily responsible for the transfer of energy and also protects cells from oxidative stress. Even CoQ10 is in the body itself; however, there are foods that speed up its production, and those foods include vegetables, such as cauliflower, broccoli, and asparagus, and organ meats, such as liver or kidneys, and fish, such as mackerel and sardines.

Role of CoQ10 in Heart Health

It has been proven in many researches that CoQ10 is beneficial for many health conditions, especially heart conditions. Let’s shed light on the heart conditions this supplement is helpful for.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD):

CoQ10 supplements will raise High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol or HDL-C and Apolipoprotein ApoA1 levels and keep cardiovascular disease at bay. CoQ10 supplements also lower inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, a risk factor for CVD. For your information, a lower CoQ10 level may cause greater tissue damage to the heart, especially during a heart attack and brain stroke.

Heart Failure:

A heart failure is another heart condition that CoQ10 is quite effective, and its continued use improves mortality rate. A research study by a multi-center on 420 patients found that deaths have reduced to almost half. The study has been carried over a period of two years, which is enough time to get to this conclusion.

Statin-Related Muscle Symptoms

Statin therapy is quite effective in minimizing heart attacks and strokes; however, about 25 percent of people quit this treatment within six months because of new health problems, such as body aches and weakness. When those people with statin-related muscle symptoms started taking CoQ10 supplements twice a day, they reported reduced pain.

After Heart Attacks

Patients who started taking CoQ10 supplements found a reduction in subsequent cardiac events in the future. It is like a blessing in disguise for those people. A CoQ10 supplement is the best natural supplement for cholesterol.

High Blood Pressure

CoQ10 is quite effective in lowering systolic blood pressure. When we talk about the exact number, the systolic pressure reading lowers up to 17mm Hg, and the diastolic pressure reading up to 10mm Hg. All this happens without any significant side effects.

In conclusion, CoQ10 supplements are effective in several health conditions, particularly cardiovascular conditions. Whether it is about reducing the risk of heart attacks, improving survival rates in heart failure patients, alleviating statin-related muscle symptoms, or lowering blood pressure, CoQ10 offers a natural and effective solution. Incorporating CoQ10 supplements into your routine, alongside a balanced diet and regular exercise, you can support your heart and overall well-being.

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[gillianthecat]

I'm getting annoyed about the lack of clarity about the definitions of coenzyme and cofactor, but at least I'm not alone:

A 1980 letter in Trends in Biochemistry Sciences noted the confusion in the literature and the essentially arbitrary distinction made between prosthetic groups and coenzymes group and proposed the following scheme... However, the author could not arrive at a single all-encompassing definition of a "coenzyme" and proposed that this term be dropped from use in the literature.

from the wikipedia article on cofactor (biochemistry)

On the other hand, it's been over 40 years and the definitions don't seem to be any clearer. Or at least I can't find any good, complete explanations. Get it together, scientists!

[studychemistrytopics]

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is a coenzyme or electron carrier formed by the addition of phosphate group in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for more about Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

[dasvitamin]

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[organichealthsolutions]

3 Things Polyphenols Supplements Help With

Boosting Antioxidant Levels

Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found in plants that have powerful antioxidant properties. When taken as supplements, polyphenols can significantly boost the body's ability to fight off oxidative stress, which is linked to various chronic diseases. Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, unstable molecules that can cause cellular damage. This protection is vital for maintaining long-term health and preventing conditions like heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers.

Supporting Heart Health

One of the key benefits of polyphenols vitamins is their ability to support heart health. These compounds help improve blood circulation and reduce blood pressure, which can lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols also play a role in reducing inflammation, a critical factor in heart disease. By maintaining the elasticity of the arteries and inhibiting the oxidation of LDL cholesterol (often referred to as "bad" cholesterol), polyphenols help keep the cardiovascular system functioning smoothly.

Enhancing Brain Function

Polyphenols have shown promising results in enhancing brain function and protecting against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. These compounds interact with the pathways involved in brain aging and can help improve memory, learning and cognitive function. By increasing blood flow to the brain and modulating neurotransmitter activity, polyphenols can help maintain cognitive abilities as we age.

Including polyphenols vitamins in your diet through supplements can be a proactive way to enhance your overall health and protect against various age-related diseases. Their broad range of benefits makes them a valuable addition to a health-conscious lifestyle.

Read a similar article about DHA omega vitamins here at this page.

[simplyherbalofficial]

Revitalize Your Heart: The Benefits of Simply Herbal CoQ10

Meta Description: Discover how Simply Herbal CoQ10 Tablets can support heart health and energy metabolism, promoting overall well-being.

Introduction: Simply Herbal CoQ10 Natural Coenzyme Q10 Tablets are a powerful dietary supplement designed to promote heart health and enhance energy metabolism. Coenzyme Q10, often referred to as CoQ10, is a vital nutrient found in every cell of the body, playing a crucial role in the production of energy. This article explores the heart health benefits of CoQ10 and how Simply Herbal’s formulation can support your cardiovascular wellness.

1. What is Coenzyme Q10? CoQ10 is a naturally occurring antioxidant that helps convert food into energy, particularly in the heart, which requires a significant amount of energy to function effectively. As we age, the levels of CoQ10 in our bodies may decrease, making supplementation important for maintaining optimal heart health.

2. Heart Health Benefits of CoQ10:

Supports Cardiovascular Function: CoQ10 has been shown to improve endothelial function, which is vital for maintaining healthy blood vessels and proper circulation. This can lead to improved overall heart function and reduced strain on the heart.

Reduces Oxidative Stress: As a powerful antioxidant, CoQ10 helps neutralize free radicals that can cause oxidative damage to heart cells. By reducing oxidative stress, CoQ10 supports overall heart health and longevity.

Improves Energy Metabolism: CoQ10 plays a key role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of cells. By enhancing energy metabolism, CoQ10 helps ensure that the heart has the energy it needs to function efficiently.

May Support Healthy Blood Pressure: Some studies suggest that CoQ10 supplementation can help maintain healthy blood pressure levels, contributing to overall cardiovascular health.

3. Why Choose Simply Herbal CoQ10? Simply Herbal CoQ10 Tablets are formulated with Bioperine to enhance absorption, ensuring that your body receives the maximum benefits from each tablet. With 200mg of natural CoQ10 per serving, these tablets provide a potent dose for those looking to support their heart health.

4. How to Use Simply Herbal CoQ10:

Recommended Dosage: For optimal results, take one tablet daily with a meal. Consistency is key to experiencing the full benefits of CoQ10 supplementation.

Consultation: It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you have existing heart conditions or are taking medications.

Conclusion: Simply Herbal CoQ10 Natural Coenzyme Q10 Tablets offer a convenient and effective way to support heart health and energy metabolism. With its powerful antioxidant properties and role in energy production, CoQ10 is essential for maintaining a healthy cardiovascular system. Incorporate Simply Herbal CoQ10 into your daily routine to promote heart health and enhance overall well-being.

[mjcsdy]

coq10 benefits

Discovery and Characteristics of Coenzyme Q10

In 1957, an American doctor discovered coenzyme Q10 in the hearts of cattle. However, it was not until 1974 that Japan became the first to commercialize and market it as a product. Although discovered in the United States, Japan took the initiative to commercialize it due to specific reasons. Coenzyme Q10 is a substance produced naturally in our bodies. Since substances found in living organisms or nature are not protected by patents, materials such as coenzyme Q10 and policosanol are no exception. The lack of patents means no profit for companies, leading multinational pharmaceutical companies to abandon the development of coenzyme Q10 as a therapeutic agent. This signifies that it is not beneficial not only for pharmaceutical companies but also for hospitals and doctors.

Functions and Effects of Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10, also known as CoQ10 or CoQten, exists throughout our bodies. To facilitate the activity of cells in our bodies, nutrients need to be converted into energy. CoQ10 acts like a lubricant in this process, aiding cells in smooth operation. As a result, it is found abundantly in areas of the body, particularly the heart, which requires it the most. This is one of the reasons why CoQ10 was initially discovered in the hearts of cattle.

Various benefits of CoQ10 are now becoming more widely known. In 1978, Peter Mitchell conducted research on how CoQ10 helps prevent heart disease, leading to him being awarded the Nobel Prize. There are also research findings suggesting that CoQ10 delays aging. One of the causes of aging is reactive oxygen species. Vitamin E helps neutralize reactive oxygen species. However, vitamin E can become harmful after neutralizing reactive oxygen species. This is where CoQ10 plays a crucial role. CoQ10 helps reduce the side effects that vitamin E may produce after neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Therefore, when taking vitamin E to delay aging, it is recommended to take it together with CoQ10.

Supplementation and Management of Coenzyme Q10

It is also important to purify harmful reactive oxygen species produced after exercise, and one way to do this is by taking CoQ10 before and after marathons. Although our bodies produce CoQ10 themselves, the problem is that this production capacity decreases with age. After the age of 20, the production capacity gradually declines, and by the time one reaches their 40s, it may become insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement CoQ10 after the age of 40 to slow down the aging process. There are almost no side effects, but because CoQ10 has a strong effect of lowering blood pressure, dizziness due to low blood pressure may occur when taken with blood pressure medication.

Methods of Consumption and Precautions for Coenzyme Q10

The optimal timing for taking CoQ10 is with food or after meals. This promotes absorption in the intestines, maximizing the effects of the medication. Similarly, other vitamins are also recommended to be taken after meals. People with high cholesterol levels are mainly prescribed a medication called statins. Statins are widely used worldwide as a treatment for high cholesterol. However, statins can interfere with the body's production of CoQ10. Therefore, it is advisable to take CoQ10 together with statins. In the UK, there are products available that coat CoQ10 and statins together, allowing them to be taken together.

Product Selection and Purchase of Coenzyme Q10

Most CoQ10 products worldwide are made from raw materials sourced from Japan. Therefore, when choosing a product, it is unnecessary to pay attention to the brand since they use the same raw materials. It is sufficient to consider only the price and quantity. Although Coenzyme Q10 lacks patents and is not profitable from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies or hospitals, it can be considered a cost-effective medication from the consumer's point of view. Coenzyme Q10 has significant impacts on our bodies and can greatly contribute to maintaining health through proper management and consumption.

reference :

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[marketinsight1234]

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) Market: Forthcoming Trends and Share Analysis by 2030

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) Market was valued at USD 392.42 million in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 515.70 million by the year 2028, at a CAGR of 3.98%.

A coenzyme is referring to an organic molecule that holds together the active sites of certain enzymes to help in the catalysis of a reaction. Additionally, coenzymes can role as intermediate carriers of electrons during these reactions or are transferred between enzymes as functional groups. For instance, while the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), various coenzymes including free CoA, lipoic acid (LA), thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), two cellular redox enzymes including oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and minimized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are required. Moreover, coenzymes, which are frequently vitamins or derivatives of vitamins, hence act as a crucial role in the regulation of most enzyme activities.

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The latest research on the Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) market provides a comprehensive overview of the market for the years 2023 to 2030. It gives a comprehensive picture of the global Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) industry, considering all significant industry trends, market dynamics, competitive landscape, and market analysis tools such as Porter's five forces analysis, Industry Value chain analysis, and PESTEL analysis of the Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) market. Moreover, the report includes significant chapters such as Patent Analysis, Regulatory Framework, Technology Roadmap, BCG Matrix, Heat Map Analysis, Price Trend Analysis, and Investment Analysis which help to understand the market direction and movement in the current and upcoming years. The report is designed to help readers find information and make decisions that will help them grow their businesses. The study is written with a specific goal in mind: to give business insights and consultancy to help customers make smart business decisions and achieve long-term success in their particular market areas.

Leading players involved in the Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) Market include:

Kingdomway, Kaneka, Space Biology, NHU, Pharma Essentia, Yuxi Jiankun, Haotian, ZMC and Other Major Players. 

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Segmentation of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) Market:

By Type

Chemical Synthesis

Microbial Fermentation

By Application

Food

Medicine

Cosmetics

By Regions: -

North America (US, Canada, Mexico)

Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Rest of Eastern Europe)

Western Europe (Germany, UK, France, Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Western Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, The Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of APAC)

Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Israel, South Africa)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA)

Highlights from the report:

Market Study: It includes key market segments, key manufacturers covered, product range offered in the years considered, Global Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) Market, and research objectives. It also covers segmentation study provided in the report based on product type and application.

Market Executive Summary: This section highlights key studies, market growth rates, competitive landscape, market drivers, trends, and issues in addition to macro indicators.

Market Production by Region: The report provides data related to imports and exports, revenue, production and key players of all the studied regional markets are covered in this section.

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) Profiles of Top Key Competitors: Analysis of each profiled Roll Hardness Tester market player is detailed in this section. This segment also provides SWOT analysis of individual players, products, production, value, capacity, and other important factors.

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