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jeromer-spatialdesign · 3 years

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BOOKS AND ARTICLES

Theory in Landscape Architecture

“The Art of Site Planning” (Kevin Lynch and Gary Hack) 1984

8 Stages of Site Planning

Defining the problem

Programming and the analysis of the site and user

Schematic Design and Detailed Costing

Developed Design and the Preliminary cost estimate

Contract Documents

Bidding and Contracting

Construction

Occupation and Management

“Our physical setting determines the quality of our lives”

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“An ecological method (1974) Ian McHarg

Ecology Offers emancipation to landscape architecture

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“Community Design” 1974 Randolph Hester Jr.

Policies to make design profession more responsible for social sustainability of the neighbourhood environments

To clarify to whom the designer is responsible

To guarantee the input of users values

To eliminate proffesional ethics

To provide for socially suitable neighbourhood environments

To guarantee increased users involvement throughout the neighbourhood

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Operative Landscapes: Building Communities through public space

Alissa North

2013

_Contemporary landscape architecture

_Operative landscapes exhibit concepts regarding self organisation emergence, ecology, systems, performance and function. This specific approach tends no to focus on future uncertainties to be adapted within a space over time…

_James Corner, put forward that landscape as an agent of change without end. “A cumulative directionality toward further becoming”; a constant process of unfolding rather than a rigid reality. Michael Desvigne interprets this notion as an indeterminate nature, a “Long time frame of landscapes and cities and especially “the play with time: the different stages of development that concentrate the condense, in short a short period. Processes with historical rhythms.

_Communities rely on their surrounding resources for their functions.. Resources such as in the form of intact ecologies of forests, bogs, rivers and grasslands and through cultivation transformed into reserves, channels, acreage and plots.

_Public spaces such as parks, community gardens, plaza or a street scape, the public where people interact provide a shared sense of ownership and the qualities of these spaces impacts the community on how they operate and evolve..

_Public spaces are the main core of creating and directing a successful community development… making use of a landscape framework to support an operative landscape….

_Public open spaces are continuously evolving with their communities… they can be considered as a dynamic rather than static and prescriptive

_A well designed open space tends to Forster strong community pride and involvement..

_What are remediation strategies for landscape?

_Understand the communities impact throughout the design phases of a project… it can lend an insight on the effects of community input, development and sustained involvement and therefore it can guide the design of public spaces as intentional catalyst for community building….

JENFELDER AU, HAMBEG, GERMANY

_The community has been developed on a site and it was formerly occupied by military Baracks…

_The design crated a typological references to the sites history to develop a strong image for this east Hamburg neighbourhood… currently considers charaterless but also includes technical design features such as rainwater harvesting, biomass energy production by useing sanitary waste and solar energy collection….

CRISTAL PARK, BIEL, SWI TZERLAND

_It was used as a waste disposal site, Prohibiting built structure, the site was then developed into a community park…

NEW FARM, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA,

_The riverfront community of New Farm provides a rich contextual narrative for a site that has experiences morphological and cultural transformations.

_New Farm’s name traces back to the portion of these sites peninsula that was once a farming settlement in the late 1800’s

_New Farms adaptive master plan, interprets the spatial and historical processes of socio economic change, the physical realities of the site, as well as its heritage quality informed by the sites previous industrial nature..

_New Farms regeneration to outline the preservation of the community’s historic housing stock, by providing guidelines that prescribe the creation of a heritage park system with reference to some fo the legacy features of the site.

DOCKSIDE GREEN, VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

_Dockside Green is an adaptive reuse of an industrial site that required brownfield remediation inured to make the site an appropriate contact for urban development.

_The project blends the best of the arbors old industrial fabric with innovate practices in landscape technology

*Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologies

Green-roofs assist in providing some of this habitat, collecting and recycling rainwater, insulating the interior membrane of the buildings and connecting the upper units to planted areas.

Remediating a Sense of Place

Memory and Environmental Justice in Anniston, Alabama

Melanie Barron

University of Tennessee - Knoxville

_”The Material Landscape itself, as it is produces by the black subject and mapped as unimaginably black, must be rewritten into black, and arguably human, existence on different terms…. Invisible geographies, marginality, indicate a struggle and ways of knowing the world, which can also illustrate wider conceptual and material spaces for consideration; real, lived dispossessions and reclamations, for example. The margins and invisibility, then are also lived and right in the middle of our historically present landscape.” Katherine McKitrrick, Demonic Grounds - pp. 5-7

RECYCLING SPACES Curation Urban Evolution:

The Landscape Design Of MARTHA SCHWARTZ PARTNERS

GRAND CANAL SQAURE Dublin — Case Study

_Recuperation as a contemporary landscape architecture in response to the slow violence of economic restructuring globally

_Post Industrial Cities

_Since the late 17th Century, the dublin docklands area has transformed from river estuary, to agricultural fields, to industrial port, to gas works, to toxic brownfield, to vibrant urban neighbourhood. Grand Canal Square, the centrepiece of the new development, has played a catalytic role in the most recent reshaping of this once forgotten part of town..

_Dublin is a city of change. More than 1000 years the city has been ruled by the norse and normans the British and the Irish, it has ben an agricultural city, a shipping city, a manufacturing city, a service city and a technology city. As the economy shifts, Dublin shifts..

_The most recent wave of movement to Dublin came during the Celtic tiger boom of the mid 1990’s, when Ireland transitioned from being one of the poorest in western Europe to having one of the fastest growing economies on the continent…

_In order to transform the site and its toxicity that got left behind, from being derelict industrial site to a vibrant mixed used development, the DDDA (The Dublin Docklands Development Authority) combined an innovative relaxation strategy and public realm design…

_”If you want to make it something that people are drawn to, you need to imprint it in peoples imaginations, in a way that is fun, that is lively. It had to have an identity in and of itself and had to be of cultural and artistic value.” - John McLaughlin

_The docklands are has historically been important of Dublin, but it was a really tough place to live, Now 80,000 people living and nearly 30,000 jobs. Facebooks agency is near and google just opened up their European headquarters. Businesses are growing and there’s a young and energetic population…

BEAUTY REDEEMED: Recycling post industrial Landscapes

Ellen Braae

“INTERVENTIONS”

Learning from Landschaftspark Duisburg - Nord

_German Landscape Architect Peter Latz - Latz + Partners

_The transformation of former industrial areas for new purposes is a widespread phenomenon happening before our eyes..

_ “A space is thereby established in which the past, present and future can be seen together in mutual dialogue”

_The reuse of ruin ions industrial areas inscribes it self cultural in a wider artistic re-orientation and re-interprests on what we already have, contributing towards thinking behind sustainability.

_The Industrial areas can be seen as potential new cultural heritage, where preservation, re use and transformation becomes allies

_Transformation of industrial areas is ushering in an epistemological breakthrough in design… there’s a lot of things to be learned from transformed industrial areas

_The innovation in Latz proposal lay in decoding of features and qualities and the way they were highlighted and reworked. He saw structures in the area which could form settings and provide inspiration for new uses…

_Relics of Industrialism and The Process of nature

_Latz also developed a strategy for cultural re-use which no only re-incorporated the materials on the site but also incorporated entire structures such as the massive blast furnace which today houses an auditorium

_Latz intervention-based transformations with its desire to re use the decommissioned industrial areas in various ways, includes several aspect of sustainability.

_Sustainability in relations to the questions of future ruin ions industrial areas also involve cultural dimensions. There is cultural history hidden in these discrete areas, where the requirements of productions are intertwined with culturally determined values - but of far greater importance of how we can build a new future out if these ruins and derelict spaces

_ “How can we work on the new aesthetics qualities, functions and materials, and the new frames of understanding in the industrial leavings, in a way that is meaning for us today and helps to draw the counters of tomorrow?”

_ “German Historian Koselleck said each era is formed by its expectations of the future and if we are unable to take a creative approach to an absolutely crucial central element of our recent past and the present we live in, then in that respect there is little hope for our future. We must then develop our aesthetic views of these ruins if we are build a future from them and on top of them. This is where we find the new sustainability”

_ “Industrial areas can be regarded as a new form of cultural heritage, to be investigated and creatively treated”

FROM INDUSTRIAL TO POST INDUSTRIAL UBRAN LANDSCAPE

Industrial Landscapes as an element of post-industrial urbanisation

_Post Industrial urban landscapes, ruinous industrial landscapes are simply part of are not planned, unified entities, they are accumulations of a series of decision taken over time, each rational in its own right, which led to the current stage of urbanisation.

_Overlaid like a palimpsest on largely obliterated earlier uses of the land…

_ “In between landscapes” can be criticised as lacking both identity and aesthetic quality

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agritecture · 7 years

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CHANGING THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT ECOCITIES

CONTENT SOURCED FROM PURSUIT

The way we understand ecocities needs radical change in order to ensure a sustainable future, akin to our ancestors realising the earth was round.

By Dr Dominique Hes, University of Melbourne

To understand the concept of an ecocity it’s necessary to understand how it differs from a traditional city. An ecocity is one that is built with a clear comprehension of the principles of ecology and the environment, that are then incorporated into its design and functions. But importantly, it’s the ecological thinking that can change the way those who live in them think about conservation, ecological healing and their own contribution.

Ecocities include all aspects of the city from its urban structure and design, its transport systems, as well as its energy, water, waste, money, data, ideas, history and its socio-economic potential. But it’s the people who live in the city that are critical to its success and, in fact, its greatest resource. If you have people love and care for their place, it will foster custodianship, engagement and all sorts of innovative ways to make a city even greater.

Public Farm One by Work Architecture Company is an urban farming project displayed in New York. Picture: XmasCarol/Flickr

MOVING THE ECOCITY BEYOND A CONCEPT

The concept of the ecocity is relatively new in urban design terms. Its origins can be traced throughout planning and city making – and the concept itself has had many midwives along the way.

In 1898, Britain’s Sir Ebenezer Howard founded the garden city movement which planned self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts. In 1938, American philosopher Lewis Mumford went further, emphasising what he saw as the organic relationship between people and their living spaces.

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Video: Paul Burston and Sarah Fisher, University of Melbourne

The list of contributors to the concept goes on; Ian McHarg, Jane Jacobs, Rachel Carson and the Club of Rome’s Limits to Growth have had significant roles. The idea started to be formalised in 1987 when Richard Register published the book EcoCity Berkeley and initiated the journal The Urban Ecologist. Several years later, David Engwicht penned Towards An EcoCity, and in the early 1990s, the EcoCity summits began.

All of these designers, philosophers, scientists and researchers have influenced the ecocity’s current direction. And yet, despite all of this work there is still not an agreed definition; just a goal, to create ecologically friendly developments for communities.

A green roof in Ontario helps manage water run off. Picture: Wikimedia

But the term ‘ecocity’ itself can be a misnomer as it cannot be applied to one particular urban form. This is because each and every place is unique – its geography, its hydrology, its history, its ecosystems and its climate – making it difficult to have a single typology or model of the ecocity. A design needs to respond to the place and be as unique as that place. So what drives the design and development, and retrofit of current cities, is the narrative around what an ecocity is.

The EcoCity World Summit has the following definition:

The eco-city is an ecological city: a city built from the principles of living within environment means, with the high level principles: Ecology: Cities should have a deep and integrated relationship with nature. Economics: Cities should be based on an economy organized around social needs. Politics: Cities should have an enhanced emphasis on engaged and negotiated civic involvement. Culture: Cities should actively develop ongoing processes for dealing with the uncomfortable intersections of identity and difference, including the current tension between culture and nature.

Based on the EcoCity World Summit’s Principles for Better Cities the above are expanded on and affirm what an ecocity should embody.

New York’s streets opened up to people to walk and bike during Summer Streets. Picture: New York City Department of Transportation

THE MINDSET TO CREATE AN ECOCITY

If we describe the current thinking that got us into an unsustainable, ultimately annihilating, spiral of social and ecological degradation, as flat earth thinking; then the round earth thinking is the ‘a-ha’ moment when we see how the past approaches are not working and look for a new framework on which to base our decisions.

The ecocity research and principles hint at this, revealed by their call to work from an understanding of the ecology of place, to inform city design.

But in terms of the current vision of the ecocity, our goals need to be much higher: we can do better than minimising our footprint, we can create a positive one. We can do better than zero carbon and become positive. We can do better than protecting biodiversity, we can create greater diversity. We can do better than ‘living on a finite planet’ though true, energy is not finite, ideas are not finite, and many things we have contributed to the world through our cities add capacity and are not finite.

To do this, we need to shift our language from problem solving to potential creation through celebration and building on what already works.

Tomato growing at Lufa Farms, the world’s first commercial rooftop greenhouses, in Montreal. Picture: Lufa Farms/Wikimedia

SUSTAINING A NEW MINDSET

Our recent research on regenerative development and its application has pointed to the need to shift our mindset. This shift is backed by many leading thinkers. This is a world view that is ecological, living or whole-of-systems based; a world view that is about benefit creation.

This is the round earth mindset of the the 21st century.

This way of thinking focuses on collaboration not competition, integration not separation or segregation, about the contribution to the vitality, viability and potential of people and natural systems, not its consumption. It’s radical, yet it has the potential for an innovation explosion; just as the realisation the earth was not flat and was not the centre of the universe sparked a change in thinking.

The aim of this new mindset is to shift design from the solving of problems to creation of potential through the creative synthesis that brings together all the parts and creates a greater whole.

It is design based on the key question: how can we best add value, create benefit and contribute to all people and systems on earth?

A photovoltaic facade on a building in Rue des Pyrénées, Paris. Picture: Pascal Poggi

Cities hold the greatest potential for creating the benefit as they are a concentration of people, resources, money, innovation and diversity. Therefore, the ecocity, to achieve its aims and more, needs to start to develop tools and approaches within this new mindset to ensure future generations are better off.

THE ECOCITY IN PRACTICE

Regenerative development is “a whole systems approach that partners people and their places, working to make both people and nature stronger, more vibrant, and more resilient”. It brings together three steps that are worth considering in the development of an ecocity with an ecological world view.

The first is understanding the flows that work through a system that bring it to life. We then need design solutions that create multiple, mutual benefits between these flows by focusing on creating relationships, and finally, do all of this in context of the surrounding environment to ensure its relevance, resilience and ability to adapt.

But this is not just about improving production, more efficient processes, more environmentally friendly materials, elimination of waste, creation of green spaces or urban agriculture; it is also about the meaningful engagement of everyone involved in the understanding of the issues and the design for the potential of their place.

The Acros building in Fukuoka city, Japan, which has 15 stepped terraces and green spaces. Picture: City of Fukuoka

These are the two key contributions of regenerative development: the first is about creating capacity towards increased vitality and viability; and secondly, it is as much about focusing on hearts, minds and spirit as it is about the technical and physical stuff. This means creating an irresistible narrative of a city.

Therefore, it’s community engagement and participation that is integral to the development of the ecocity.

Firstly, to build a shared vision that integrates common values while respecting different viewpoints. Secondly, we need to build the “capability and field of commitment” that enables everyone involved to act as both co-designers and future stewards. And thirdly, to stimulate the ongoing development and transformation of the community itself.

The positive thriving future that is possible for cities is not about a few heroes or governments fixing the problem, it is about everyone being empowered to co-create their future place.

Banner: Urban Forest/Anton Malishev

CONTENT SOURCED FROM PURSUIT

#ecocity #eco city #PURSUIT #The University of Melbourne #sustainability #smart growth #architecture #agritecture #better cities #green roof #green infrastructure #green space #design #green design

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delhi-architect2 · 4 years

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ArchDaily - Long-Term Plans: To Build for Resilience, We’ll Need to Design With—Not Against—Nature

Design With Nature Now revisits Ian McHarg’s eponymous 1969 book and takes stock of current practices and projects of resilience in landscape design the world over, such as AECOM’s Weishan Lake National Wetland Park in Shandong, China. Courtesy AECOM

Moving away from its early exclusive focus on natural disasters, resilient architecture and design tackles the much tougher challenge of helping ecosystems regenerate.

Thirty years ago, as a high school student at the Cranbrook boarding school in suburban Detroit, I wrote a research-based investigative report on the environmental crisis for the student newspaper. I had been encouraged to do so by a faculty adviser, David Watson, who lived a double life as a radical environmentalist writing under the pseudonym George Bradford for the anarchist tabloid Fifth Estate. His diatribe How Deep Is Deep Ecology? questioned a recurring bit of cant from the radical environmental movement: Leaders of groups like Earth First! frequently disparaged the value of human life in favor of protecting nature.

from ArchDaily https://www.archdaily.com/939624/long-term-plans-to-build-for-resilience-well-need-to-design-with-not-against-nature Originally published on ARCHDAILY RSS Feed: https://www.archdaily.com/

#ArchDaily #architect #architecture #architects #architectural #design #designer #designers #building #buildin

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notesmuseum · 5 years

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Multiply and Subdue the Earth, by Ian McHarg. "Understanding the integrity of nature as an accumulation of information layers. Scottish landscape architect Ian McHarg (1920–2001) became an influential figure when, in the 1960s and 1970, senvironmental awareness at American universities increased. McHarg's main goal was to understand humankind's relationship with nature and to address society's damaging impact on the natural world. He sought a balanced, self-renewing, and sustainable approach to nature. His publication Design with Nature introduced the 'layered cake method', a revolution in the design world, whereby the designer, the academic, the policymaker, and humanity in general must be more aware of the environment in which it functions. Realising this requires is a vertical deconstruction of that environment and becoming familiar with all possible interpretations, even the smallest aspects." Text from The Landscape as Cult exhibition at Bureau Europa, Maastricht, Curated by Saskia van Stein and Remnco Beckers.

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bjornmeansbear · 5 years

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Design with nature, by Ian McHarg. One of the least nature-y looking books, but some good content. Even if dressed in über modernist dressed, there are some rad ideas about public private partnerships, alternative urban planning and all manner of other social and eco cleverness. But man, that cover does not do this tome justice. Originally published in 1969, this is the 1992 reprint. The graphics inside? Totally amazing. #sustainability #design #designwithnature http://bit.ly/2xag4GC June 21, 2019 at 10:35PM

#IFTTT #Instagram #June 21 #2019 at 10:35PM

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samweston-spatial-honours · 6 years

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From Bauhaus to Eco-house: A History of Ecological Design

Peder Anker

Through my discussion with Dr. Jaquie Naismith, we determined that author, Peder Anker’s, ‘From Bauhaus to Eco-house’ would help flesh out my understanding between design and biological concerns.

Introduction - Key Quotes, Notes, Summary, and Reflection

“The key to this diverse history of both designers and ecologists is their shared attempt to unify art and science in order to find practical solutions to environmental problems.” (Anker 1)

“While functionality during the London years was determined by biological investigations into human well-being in the environment, during the postwar years the focus was on human functioning within closed ecosystems. This shift of focus, resulting from new developments in the science of ecological engineering, implied a problematic turn from humanistic toward biocentric designs.” (Anker 5)

Chapter 1 - ‘The Bauhaus of Nature’

Summary, Important Notes, Quotes, and Ideas:

During the opening act of chapter one, Anker, expresses the shared acknowledgement of the importance between both fields of science and design “that the human household should be modelled on the household of nature” (Anker 9). Anker, further emphasizes the “shared belief that Bauhaus design could solve social as well as environmental problems” (Anker 10).

The Bauhaus collective really stimulated a lot of the evolution and growth within the field of ecological and biological design, especially in Europe, more specifically London. Wells Coates, was the architect for the accommodation for both intellectuals and faculty at Bauhaus. The building was seen to “promote collective life and liberate the tenants from the burden of personal possessions” (Anker 10). “The building was to function like a park, where people could come and go, and it quickly became a hub for the promotion of Bauhaus design.” (Anker 10). The building itself is something I would regard as highly influential as it offered a space for the cross-pollination not only between the practices but the different intellectuals. Anker, mentions that it offered a zone for a group of different individuals to form the ‘Modern Architectural Research Group’ (MARS). (Anker 10)

The Mars group corroborated the idea that both home or house could exist as one entity with the landscape. Influences from both designers and science-based intellectuals shaped a core focus for the group was to advance the thinking and techniques in structural design. “The utilization of flat roofs as ‘grounds’ offers us a means of re-acclimatizing nature amidst the stony deserts of our great towns” (Anker 11/12) is an example of this forward thinking.

“Seen from the skies, the leafy house-tops of the cities of the future will look like endless chains of hanging gardens” (Anker 12).

Author, Anker mentions two notable individuals associated withMARS, ‘Aladar and Victor Olgyay’ are two designers which align with some of the concepts and ideas that I have in the creation of biologically informed spaces. Anker states the brothers would address “solar control and shading devices in an attempt to develop bioclimatic design” (Anker 11). The two brothers spent time in Budapest where they worked on housing, “The housing project embraced the garden and rejected the street” (Anker 11).

Willi

Reflection on Chapter 1:

The cross-pollination between the practices of science and design has generated these hybrid spaces, with my focus being based more towards living environments it was fascinating to read and get an understanding of how these sorts of mixed environments can be achieved. As a spatial designer, I draw great concern towards the moment/ event in time when entering domestic spaces and overall uninterest in self-sufficient homes. This concern stems from New Zealand’s mass home development and subdivision housing. It seems there is a lack of consideration in shaping the moment upon entering these spaces. Anker, discussed how the Bauhaus group intertwined both green and grey. They searched for new opportunities in the 1930s when it was considered a relatively refreshed way of thinking about the practice. A perfect example of this is rooftop greenery. They saw the potential to act ecologically when it came to flat roofing with green space on top, they envisioned the future where this would become the norm.

Mentioned Practitioners:

Author, Peder Anker mentioned a small selection of designers who work between design and science:

- Ian McHarg

- Herbert Bayer

- Clought William-Ellis ‘

- to do discuss why I chose this text

- analyse

- summarise some interesting points ideas and concepts

- respond to these through the mind of a spatial designer

Anker, Peder. ‘From Bauhaus to Ecohouse: A History of Ecological Design’. LSU Press, 2010. Ebook. https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=pxCFWUWvHE4C&dq=peder+anker&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFmP_AxK7iAhVei3AKHa2hC_gQ6AEIMTAB

#samweston (16063940)#wk1 #research

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