#droptank

[usafphantom2]

Does the absence of IRST leave the Raptor at a disadvantage compared to the Su-35?

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 01/31/2024 - 23:26in Military

Many military experts and former combat pilots often argue that the F-22 Raptor is currently considered unbeatable in relation to any other existing fighter, surpassing even the F-35 Lightning II in several aspects. But the Russian Su-35, even though it is not as powerful as the F-22 Raptor, it has an asset that could potentially challenge the supremacy of the Raptor.

Despite the impressive skills of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, there are still unanswered questions. Why does it lack essential features, such as the Infrared Search and Tracking (IRST) system and radars mounted on the sides? A need for expenditure containment by the U.S. Air Force, set at $9 million per aircraft in 1989, may have contributed to this omission.

During this period, an initial project incorporated advanced US$ 16 million in avionics per aircraft. However, the U.S. Air Force did not specify which systems to eliminate to meet budget restrictions. This crucial decision was largely left to the manufacturers. As a result, Lockheed Martin chose to renounce certain features, including the IRST and side radars mounted on the sides below the cockpit.

After almost 33 years, USAF said in 2022 that it aims to find an infrared search and tracking (IRST) system for the F-22. An IRST would have to be integrated with the other sensors of the F-22 - mainly its active electronic array radar (AESA) to provide a holistic view of the battle space.

The strength of the fourth-generation Su-35 lies in its weapons control system by infrared search and tracking. This system includes a camera, target designator, laser rangefinder and an infrared sensor.

Although the fifth-generation F-22 and fourth-generation Su-35 seem equivalent in terms of capabilities, the Su-35 may have an advantage due to its air combat skills, its significantly lower price and its innovative IRST technology. These factors give the Russian fighter an advantage over its American equivalent.

A study led by defense expert Alex Lockie points out that the Su-35s can actually have more advantages than the U.S. Raptors in direct combat or during interception missions. If an air combat occurs during an interception operation, it is believed that Russian fighters could have a significant advantage in detecting the supposedly "invisible" F-22 Raptor.

Expressing his professional opinion, Lieutenant Colonel David Berke, who has the rare experience of piloting both the F-22 and the F-35, suggested that if he were piloting the F-22, he would not opt for a maneuverable combat with an opponent. Instead, Berke would take advantage of the main force of the F-22 - its stealth capabilities - to avoid visual aerial battles.

Based on his knowledge of combat air power, expert Justin Bronk stated that aircraft models such as the F-22, characterized by their stealth design and internal weapon storage, may not be the preferred options for interception missions. Bronk pointed out that more cost-efficient jets can effectively play this role.

The Infrared Search and Tracking (IRST) system is used in fighters to detect and monitor objects that emit infrared radiation, such as other aircraft or missiles.

An F-22 seen by the Su-35's IRST sensor.

This technology operates as a passive sensor system, that is, it does not emit signals. Instead, it detects infrared radiation emitted by other objects. This is particularly advantageous in situations where the radar can fail, such as in stealth operations or environments with high electronic noise.

The last U.S. fighter to have an integrated IRST sensor during development was the F-14 Tomcat. The F/A-18 Super Hornet now has the option of carrying a central droptank with an IRST, which will make the combat launch expensive.

The IRST21 installed in the central tank of a Super Hornet.

The operation of an IRST system involves several steps. First, the system scans the environment for infrared radiation sources, usually using a rotating mirror that reflects the radiation received in an infrared detector. This detector converts infrared radiation into an electrical signal, which is processed by a computer to form an image.

Subsequently, the system analyzes this image to identify potential targets based on their distinct thermal signatures. This operational process can be performed several times per second, allowing the system to accurately track mobile targets.

An aircraft equipped with an IRST system has several advantages. First of all, because it is passive, this system does not reveal the location of the aircraft as the radar does, making it ideal for stealth operations.

Secondly, IRST systems can detect targets at long distances, even under conditions where the radar may prove ineffective, such as under heavy rain or through smoke. Thirdly, IRST systems can detect stealth aircraft, specifically designed to be undetectable by radar.

FAB F-39E Gripen fighter equipped with the IRST.

Finally, since IRST systems use thermal signatures to identify targets, they are less likely to be deceived by baits or other countermeasures that could potentially deceive radar systems.

Tags: Military AviationF-22 RaptorIRSTSu-35 Flanker

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. He uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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[trustbots]

Draken jet

#Draken jet manual#

#Draken jet code#

The yellow light on the start panel is now unlit. 3) The red light on the start panel is now off. Under the large cover on he start panel.(no. The smaller covered switch on the start panel.(no. Three settings are implemented off, dim and bright.Įither press Shift-S and let the automatic start make the work or follow the check list below. If switches are in on position the lights will be automatically turned on/off as landing gear are lowered/rised. Landing/taxi light switches: Left front canopy rim (12).

Instrument and panel lighting: Left side knob above throttle.(1) Click to change intensity.

Start panel: Lower left instrument panel.(2) Se below.

Jettison droptanks: Left side with red protection ring.(4).

Parking brake: Center console below instrument panel to the right.(5).

Droptank fuel valve: Right front canopy rim.(8) Set to on (forward) when using drop tanks.

Radar shows glide slope pointers, AHK BARBRO, cn direction to ILS beacon.

BARBRO: (Barbro) Uses ILS set by the three letters NAV+LANDN.

Radar shows direction pointer, AHK LANDA, cn direction to beacon.

LANDN 40: (Landing 40 km) Uses NDB/VOR set by the two letters NAV.

Radar shows direction pointer, AHK AVSTÅND 40 (shows 0 if NDB), cn direction to beacon.

NAV 40: (Navigation 40 km) Uses VOR/NDB set by the two letters NAV.

400 (shows 0 if NDB), cn direction to VOR.

NAV 400: (Navigation 400 km) Uses VOR/NDB set by the two letters NAV.

Radar shows direction pointer, AHK HÖJDÄNDRING, cn ADF.

NAVRIKTN: (Navigation direction) Uses NDB/VOR set by the two letters NAV.

#Draken jet manual#

STRID: (Combat) No nav info, Radar scanning, AHK HÖJDÄNDRING, cn manual.STRIL: (Combat command) Activates Route Manager, Radar scanning, AHK NYTT MÅL, cn direction to next waypoint.FÖRV: (Preselected) No nav radio, Radar off, AHK HÖJDÄNDRING, cn manual.FRÅN: (Off) No nav radio, Radar off, AHK 0, cn manual.The selected mode sets input to course needle (cn), radar and AHK: frequency: The beacons frequency VOR/ILS in MHz, NDB in kHz.Anita (VOR, NDB) does only use the first two (you can set the last to any character you want). letter code: Three letters A-P that identifies the beacon.The format is a comma separated list: letter code,type,frequenzy,note In that file you write a line for each beacon you want to use. To simulate this and still be compatible with FG there is a file beacons.txt in the aircraft's directory. There was two parts of the system: Anita - general navigation and Barbro - landing guidance.

#Draken jet code#

A letter code was used to select navigation beacons and airbase landing system. It has a special system that was integrated in the combat command and navigation system of the Swedish airforce. No warning is given.Īt present the autopilot is not as stable as it should be, especially altitude hold.ģD model right side panel below cautions.(10) Main mode selector for navigation, AHK and radar.ĭraken does not have ordinary navigation instruments. IMPORTANT: The autopilot has an automatic switch to only damping if airspeed is Mach 0.95-1.05 or G-force is above 4 G or below -0.5 G. Middle mouse button zeros the slider/knob.SVÄNG: Banks the aircraft in attitude mode.This is on in all normal flight conditions The autopilot is on the right side of the seat (11) and has the following functions and controls: Transceiver B uses battery power and transceiver A uses main AC. Pressing the buttons marked with dash (-) makes it possible to manually set the transceiver’s frequency using the knobs on the unit. The frequency for the other letters and numbers are in the text file Avionics/Fr21.txt and can be changed by the user. Number 1 stores the COM2 frequency at FG start up, 2 stores COM2 standby frequency. A stores the COM1 frequency at FG start up, B stores COM1 standby frequency. The letters A-K stores pre set frequencies for transceiver A (closest to the control unit) and the numbers 1-5 stores pre set frequencies fro transceiver B. In the real aircraft one was the receiver for combat control data feeding the AHK and other avionics. In the simulation both transceivers are used for communication. They are on the left horizontal panel (14). The radio equipment consists of two transceiver and one control unit of model Fr-21. Radar modes are set on the navigation radio. Yellow lines are navigation indicators used by the navigation system. GLÖM EJ LAND-STÄLL: ("Do not forget landing gear") flashes if altitude 100 m above ground.Open canopy - first press closes canopy second locks Closed and unlocked canopy at simulation start - first press locks. Closed and locked canopy - first press unlocks second opens canopy. Unlocks and opens/closes and locks canopy. (The aircraft needs to be stationary.)Īttach or remove drop tanks on ground. Number in parenthesis refers to the cockpit image.Īutomatic start sequence including all systems.

[rnoscustommetal]

Doing a bit of lofting. #lofting #loftingducks #splineweights #keuffelandesser #loftinglines #drafting #droptank #p51mustang #vintagetools #vintagetooljunkie https://www.instagram.com/p/B2E_xMoHOzE/?igshid=ij7405qcrgkj

[gerardbillet]

Les Envoutes : Jean-Charles de Quillacq et Louis Cyprien Rials. #museedartmodernedeparis #lesenvoutés #jeancharlesdequillacq #louiscyprienrials #droptank #installation #instapic #photooftheday #parismaville (à Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris) https://www.instagram.com/p/CVYk697gsv0/?utm_medium=tumblr

[classicautosound]

Just finished for customer order. This LH Torana Air Chief 13 has correct screen dial lens artwork to ensure you have a correct representation of the original radio. Once fitted, this radio appears flawless and features Bluetooth, AM/FM, USB, Auxiliary Inputs and RCA Pre-Outs. Contact us with your inquiry. . . Only @classicautosound . . www.ClassicAutoSound.com.au .⁣ .⁣ .⁣ .⁣ .⁣ #ljtorana #simmonswheels #blown #torana #allaussieholdens #streetcar #aussiemusclecar #tubbed #lxtorana #toranahatch #killer #a9x #droptank #holden #holdenindonesia #gtrtorana #v8 #slr5000 #musclecar #aussiemuscle #killerausrides #lhtorana #gmh #followus #lctorana #toranamuscle #car #gtr #classiccar #toranaslr5000 (at Classic Auto Sound) https://www.instagram.com/p/CH9U-MtAyY-/?igshid=umchkbdkd489

[subodh-2056]

#lcatejas #Droptank and #payload #Tejas #lightcombataircraft 📸@oneplus #Oneplus6 #oneplusphotography📷 #subodhsphotography2019 #aeroindia2019 @aeroindia2019 #jaihind #instapic #indianairforce🇮🇳 #bangalore_insta #Bangalore #yehlankarairbase #loveforaviation #aviationlovers #wecapturememories #LoveforPlanes #instagramaviation #aviation #avgeek #megaplane #instaplane #instaaviation #airplane #aircraft #planespotting #aviationphotography #aviationdaily #aircraftphotograpy #Aviationlovers @photographers.hub.of.india @indiapictures @monochromeindia @photographers.of.india @hindustan.pictures @yourclicks_ @world_click_ @_click_point_ @natgeoyourshot @insta_photography_club @gallery_of_india @_click_point_ @official_photographers_hub @rang_of_photography @worldwidephotographyawards (at Air Force Station Yehlanka) https://www.instagram.com/p/Bvu7fH8A0CV/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1rmkd0fqlwv5o

[airmanisr]

Douglas A4D-2 Skyhawk BuNo 142853 by G. Verver Via Flickr: Douglas A4D-2 Skyhawk BuNo 142853 with droptanks and a NAVPAC, El Segundo, 30 July 1958.

[optimabatteries]

Wayne Yeats’ P-38 Droptank Lakester during Bonneville Speedweek 2018 www.powerpacknationcom

[ikroq-blog]

Final scaping on my 40G droptank by @seasaqua #reefporn #reef2reef #mightynanotank #reeftank #inappropriatereefer #nanoreef #nanotank #allmymoneygoestocoral #coralreeftank #aquariums #droptank https://www.instagram.com/p/BrCTuZ5nDNO/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=4dnwzd5ife74

[gregcoombphotos-blog]

Ford Falcon Aussie icon..... @bribieisland @queensland #ford #falcon #v8 #djr #dickhohnson #raceday #17 #sundaydrive #coolcars #xd #bathurst1000 #explore #fast #droptank #green #taa #motorcraft #goodvibes (at Bribie Island Hotel)

[usafphantom2]

TYE

Eurofighter

A Royal Air Force XI Squadron Eurofighter Typhoon, armed with the standard Quick Reaction Alert weapons of four AMRAAM and four ASRAAM plus two 1,000L droptanks, shadows a Russian Bear-H aircraft over the North Atlantic Ocean after it approached United Kingdom airspace.

[regioonlineofficial]

WO2- en Vliegeniersmuseum klaar voor opening en ontvangt schaalmodel Mosquito

WO2- en Vliegeniersmuseum klaar voor opening en ontvangt schaalmodel Mosquito

Vuren – In voorbereiding op de opening van het Sky of Hope WO2- en Vliegeniers-museum krijgen de medewerkers een presentatie over de nieuwe attributen die het museum tijdens het winterseizoen aan de collectie heeft toegevoegd. Zoals o.a. twee Hawker Tempest droptanks, een Pratt & Whitney Vliegtuigmotor en documenten gerelateerd aan de tijd net na de bevrijding toen fort Vuren werd gebruikt als…

[rnoscustommetal]

Big thanks to @choppedmerc for selling me this very nice 75 gallon Mustang drop tank! It is once again reunited with its kind, in no worry of being turned into something else. #droptank #bellytank #p51mustang #p51 #mustang #warbird #ww2aircraft #airplanerestoration #corsairtailcone #ww2relics #75gallondroptank #mustangtank https://www.instagram.com/p/BzX7jd1nlL6/?igshid=vqzg5p3jl99x

[iaf-in-ia]

IAF Jaguar section on air patrol ops somewhere in northern sector. Fact check: The jaguars can be seen here in formation banked to port side going in for a routine air patrol. The high altitude flying has its own unique nuisance and issues. Such as the cooll air factor which reduces drag and increases air speed means the a/c needs more time to stop and is quicker in terms of getting airborne and in air(also requires more time to recovery ). Such as the cold start issues in the morning which requires more amount of fuel burning to start and oil temperature issues coz the mountain terrain faces a very low temperature at night due to which the metal bodies such as of the a/c and other machinery also gets jammed or doesn't lit up quickly hence special maintenance is done for it. Also the maintenance crew face many challenges during winters during maintenance as they have to wear gloves and repair any damages or parts of the engine as the metal is way too cold to be touched but sometimes they have to touch it for the sake of repairing which can peel off skin but a risk needs to be taken sometimes. Jaguar is a twin engine a/c which is generally used for low level penetration strikes. Seen here is a formation lead and wingman with droptanks on wet pylons. Picture credit: Respective owners. Repost @iafsfighters . . #iaf_in_ia #jaguar #bhartiyavayusena #shamsher #HAL #airborne #rotating #su30mki #iaf #iafsfighters #iafpilots #pilotsofinstagram #instapic #mirage2000h #rafaleeh #fighterpilots #avgeeks #instaaviators #instaaviation #airdominance #airsuperiority #indiannavy #indianarmy #pictureoftheday #shotoftheday #indianairforce #groundattack #aviationphotography #rafale #tbt (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CE4YZa6hHDK/?igshid=1vo34b8fd4rds

[flatpyramid-blog]

Republic P-47D Thunderbolt - Ski-U-Mah 3D Model

Republic P-47D Thunderbolt - Ski-U-Mah 3D model, originally modeled in cinema4D. Detailed enough for close-up renders. The zip-file contains bodypaint textures and standard materials. During the transition to the state of alert P-47 Thunderbolt got the nickname - "Jug" (for resemblance to the milk jug). He began to appear in England in January 1943, the 4th Fighter Group, and the 78th Fighter Group. The first combat sortie of the P-47 was made on March 10, 1943, but it was unsuccessful due to problems with the radio communications equipment. Radio equipment was replaced by the British, and on April 8 flights resumed. The first air battle took place on April 15, the FW-190 was shot down. On August 17, the P-47 for the first time played the role of an escort during a raid on Schweinfurt and Regensburg. It was announced about 19 victories and three losses. By the middle of 1943, the P-47 was in service with the 12th Air Army in Italy and in 348 fighter (Brisbane, Australia) in the Pacific Ocean. In 1944, he attended all theaters, except for Alaska. Although the P-51 replaced the P-47 as an escort fighter in Europe, the P-47 ended the war with 3,752 applications for aerial victory during 746,000 sorties of all types, with its own losses of 3,499 vehicles (for all reasons). The P-47 gradually became the best USAAF fighter-bomber. Its conventional armament consisted of 500-pound (227 kg) bombs, 4.5-inch (115 mm) or 5-inch (127 mm) NURS. Units that fought on this vehicle in Europe claim that between the beginning of the landing (June 6, 1944) and the end of the war, 86,000 cars, 9,000 locomotives, 6,000 armored cars and 68,000 trucks were destroyed. Features: - Alternative Equipment: An additional Rocket-Launcher - Droptank or M65 Bomb - Inside scene: - model - 24 textures, 2 materials, 1 alphamap - No cleaning up necessary, just drop your models into the scene and start rendering. - No special plugin needed to open scene. - Phong shading interpolation / Smoothing - 35° -The files contains seperate parts for a Flying and a Standing-Version - NOTE - In obj, lwo and fbx the Alphamap for the propellor (Run_Alpha) in the fly-version must manually load in the Materialcanal / Opacitycanal. - c4d R16 - Polygones - 151170 Vertices - 105662 - 31 Objects - 24 textures - 2 materials - 1 alpha-map - obj File – lwo file - fbx - File Version 2010 Download Republic P-47D Thunderbolt 3D model on Flatpyramid.

- #3D_Model #Aircraft

[ruralpunk]

We had a carwash fundraiser for the fire department, it was a very hot day and the droptank offered some amazing relief.