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walcoseedcleaningsblog · 1 month

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What are the common contaminants removed during the grain cleaning process?

Grain cleaning is a crucial step in ensuring the quality and safety of grains used for human consumption and animal feed. The process removes unwanted materials and contaminants that can affect the quality, safety, and storage life of the grains. Here's a closer look at the common contaminants typically removed during grain cleaning:

1. Foreign Material

Foreign materials are any substances not part of the grain itself. This category includes:

Stones and Gravel: These can damage machinery and affect the processing quality.

Metal Fragments: Often from machinery, these are a serious safety concern.

Glass: This is a major safety hazard and can lead to severe health risks.

Plastic and Rubber: These materials can originate from broken machinery or packaging.

2. Broken and Damaged Grains

Broken grains or damaged kernels are those that are not intact and can spoil more quickly or affect the quality of the final product. They may include:

Cracked Grains: These are more susceptible to mold and spoilage.

Chipped or Shattered Kernels: These can be a sign of poor handling and can degrade the overall quality.

3. Seeds and Plant Debris

Seeds from other plants and plant debris can contaminate the grain and affect its quality. Common types include:

Weed Seeds: These can reduce the quality of the grain and cause contamination in subsequent crops.

Crop Residues: Pieces of straw, husks, or leaves that can affect grain purity and quality.

4. Insect and Pest Infestation

Insects and pests can cause significant damage to grains and pose health risks. Common issues include:

Insect Eggs and Larvae: These can hatch and infest stored grains, leading to further damage.

Rodent Droppings: These not only pose health risks but can also introduce contaminants into the grain.

5. Mold and Fungal Contaminants

Molds and fungi can produce mycotoxins, which are harmful to both humans and animals. Common types include:

Aspergillus: Can produce aflatoxins, which are highly toxic.

Fusarium: Known for producing mycotoxins like fumonisins and trichothecenes.

6. Dust and Other Fine Particles

Dust and fine particles can affect the grain's appearance and may harbor contaminants. They can include:

Grain Dust: This can be a health hazard and affect air quality.

Fine Debris: Small particles of dirt or residue that can impact the grain's quality.

7. Chemical Residues

While less common, chemical residues from pesticides or fertilizers can sometimes be found. Proper cleaning helps reduce these residues, but it's crucial to ensure they are within safe limits through testing.

The Cleaning Process

To remove these contaminants, various methods are used, including:

Sieving and Screening: To separate foreign materials and broken grains based on size.

Air Classification: To remove lighter materials like dust and chaff.

Gravity Separation: To separate based on weight differences, which can help remove stones and some seeds.

Magnetic Separators: To eliminate metal fragments from the grain.

Conclusion

Grain cleaning is essential for maintaining the quality and safety of grains used in food production and animal feed. By effectively removing foreign materials, damaged grains, seeds, pests, molds, and other contaminants, the cleaning process ensures that the final product is safe, high-quality, and suitable for its intended use. Understanding and addressing these common contaminants helps in delivering grains that meet both safety standards and consumer expectations.

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divya1234 · 2 months

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Protecting Cattle Health with Vinsorb: The Ultimate Bio-toxin Binder

Ensuring the health and productivity of cattle is paramount for farmers, as it directly influences the profitability and sustainability of their operations. One of the significant challenges in cattle farming is the presence of mycotoxins in feed, which can severely impact cattle health and performance. Vinsorb Bio-toxin Binder from Vinaya Ingredients provides an effective solution to this problem by offering a reliable and efficient way to protect cattle from harmful toxins.

Vinsorb is specially formulated to combat mycotoxins, which are toxic compounds produced by certain types of fungi that contaminate feed. Mycotoxins can cause a range of health issues in cattle, including reduced feed intake, impaired growth, weakened immune system, and reproductive problems. By binding these toxins in the gastrointestinal tract, Vinsorb prevents their absorption into the bloodstream, thereby minimizing their harmful effects.

One of the key features of Vinsorb is its ability to target multiple types of mycotoxins. Different mycotoxins require different binding mechanisms, and Vinsorb’s advanced formulation is designed to address this complexity. It effectively binds a wide range of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxins, and fumonisins, ensuring comprehensive protection for cattle. This broad-spectrum binding capability makes Vinsorb a versatile and indispensable tool for farmers.

In addition to its efficacy, Vinsorb is also safe and easy to use. It can be seamlessly integrated into the daily feeding regimen without altering the nutritional profile of the feed. Its stable formulation ensures consistent performance, providing farmers with peace of mind that their cattle are protected. Furthermore, Vinsorb does not interfere with the absorption of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, allowing cattle to maintain optimal health and productivity.

The benefits of using Vinsorb extend beyond individual animal health. By reducing the impact of mycotoxins, Vinsorb helps improve overall herd performance. Healthier cattle are more productive, with better growth rates, higher milk yields, and improved reproductive performance. This leads to increased profitability for farmers and contributes to the long-term sustainability of their operations.

Moreover, Vinsorb supports the overall welfare of cattle. Mycotoxins can cause chronic stress and discomfort, leading to behavioral changes and reduced quality of life for the animals. By preventing mycotoxin exposure, Vinsorb promotes a healthier and more comfortable environment for cattle, enhancing their wellbeing and longevity.

For more information visit us:

#vinsorb bio #toxin binder #cattle feed supplement

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diptinaik · 3 months

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sms-labs · 3 months

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UNDERSTANDING MYCOTOXIN TESTING IN FOOD: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Mycotoxins are harmful substances that some fungal species create and can contaminate food items, putting both humans and animals at serious risk for health problems. Mycotoxins in food can cause several health problems, such as cancer, liver damage, and immune system deficiencies. Thus, it is essential to conduct thorough mycotoxin testing in food to guarantee the safety of food products. This blog seeks to present a comprehensive overview of mycotoxin testing in food, including its significance, procedures, and the function of food testing Labs in India.

What are Mycotoxins?

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that are produced by Penicillium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus mold species. Numerous food items, such as cereals, nuts, spices, dried fruits, coffee, and cocoa, contain these poisons. Any step of the food production process, including pre-harvest, storage, and processing, is susceptible to contamination. The most often detected mycotoxins in food include deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone.

#food testing labs

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trouwnutritionsouthasia · 6 months

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Mycotoxin Risk Management

What are mycotoxins?

Mycotoxinsare secondary metabolites produced by moulds that can infestraw materials and poultry feeds. They can be produced while crops are growing in the fields and at various stages of raw material storage and transportation. For example, Fusarium mycotoxins are mainly produced in the fields, while Aspergillus and Penicillium mycotoxins can be produced both in the fields and during storage.

The type and concentration of mycotoxins produced on crops depends on factors such as seed quality, temperature, relative humidity in the atmosphere, rainfall, soil condition, use of fungicides and fungal load in the environment. Unexpected rainfall while harvesting crops further increases the chance of mould growth and mycotoxin production.

The good news is that many factors impacting mycotoxin production during raw material storage and transportation can be managed well if given adequate attention. For example, feed mill hygiene plays a key role in reducing mycotoxin production during feed manufacture and storage.

Although more than 600 mycotoxins have been characterized so far, very few have been studied extensively. Most of the attention has centred on the “big six” mycotoxins – aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), T-2 toxin, DON, fumonisin B1 (FB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) – and “emerging” mycotoxins, such as fusaric acid and moniliformin. After analysing a large sample of data, we found that mycotoxins normally occur in combinations in raw materials and complete feeds. In general, AFB1 and FB1 are a major issue in the tropical regions of the world, while DON and ZEN are more prevalent in temperate regions. OTA and T-2 toxin can be found in many different regions due to the moderate requirements of temperature and humidity for their growth and mycotoxin production.

Mycotoxin mitigation

To help you mitigate the effects of mycotoxins, Selko has developed the TOXOproduct range, which has proven in vitro and in vivo efficacy. TOXO products are part of our Mycotoxin Risk Management Programme, which helps to identify, reduce and monitor the risk of mycotoxins in raw materials and complete feed.

TOXOproducts contain natural smectite minerals, with no fillers. Data shows this form of mineral binds and eliminates mycotoxins better than others. It strengthens intestinal barriers using specific glucose biopolymers which, data shows, reduces mycotoxin and pathogen translocation into the bloodstream. Enzymatically activated Beta glucans also modulate the immune response to pathogens and vaccination.

Learn more about our Trouw NutrionsMycotoxin Risk Management Programme and our Mycotoxin MitigationTOXO product portfolio.

Related Products and Programs

Mycotoxin Risk Management

#animal nutrition #animal feed #poultry #mycotoxin #trace minerals #feed additives

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rupalic · 11 months

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Mycotoxin Testing Market Will Hit Big Revenues In Future

The report "Mycotoxin Testing Market by Type (Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin, Fumonisins, Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, Trichothecenes, Patulin), Technology (Chromatography- & Spectroscopy-Based, Immunoassay-Based), Sample (Feed & Food), and Region - Global Forecast to 2025", size is projected to reach USD 1,337 million by 2025, which was estimated at USD 946 million in 2020; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.1% from 2020. The market is driven by factors such as implementation of stringent regulatory compliance on mycotoxin detecton, growth in international trade that will lead to increase in testing on both souring and destination place of the goods, and increasing consumers awareness for certification of products for different toxins and food & feed born mycotoxins. Also, rising humid atmospheric condition leading to an increase in mycotoxin has been driving the growth of this market.

The mycotoxin testing market includes major Tier I and II suppliers like SGS, Eurofins, Bureau Veritas, Intertek, ALS Limited, Neogen, AsureQuality, Microbac Labratories Inc., Romer Labs, Smbio Alliance Labrotaries, OMIC USA Inc, and Merieux Nutrascience. These serivc poviders have their facilities spread across various countries across Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, South America, and RoW. Though COVID-19 has impacted their businesses as well, there is no significant impact on the global operations of their mycotoxin testing services. The international trade barriers, closure of restaurants, hotels, and live animal markets, supply chain hindrances, consumption patterns of livestock-based products were considered to be moderately significant, which has disrupted the market for myctoxin testing.

Download PDF Brochure: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=229073477

With the introduction of stringent regulations, Europe is estimated to be the largest market during the forecast period.

The mycotoxin market in Europe is driven by the introduction of stringent regulations pertaining to the mycotoxin testing in food as well as feed. According to Europa, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) collects and evaluates occurrence data on mycotoxins in food and feed. It also prepares guidance for applicants on how to conduct the safety and efficacy assessment of feed additives that help to reduce the contamination of feed by mycotoxins. Increasing awareness about the effects of myctoxin in food and feed products has lead to increased demand and concerns for certification details over products, this is projected to contribute to the market growth.

This report includes a study on the marketing and development strategies, along with a study on the service portfolios of the leading companies. It includes the profiles of leading companies such as SGS (Switzerland), Bureau Veritas (France), Eurofins (Luxembourg), Intertek (UK), Mérieux NutriSciences (US), ALS Limited (Australia), Neogen (US), Romer Labs (US), Symbio Laboratories (Australia), OMIC USA (US), AsureQuality (New Zealand), and Microbac (US).

The food mycotoxin testing segment is projected to be the largest market during the forecast period.

The food segment is estimated to account for a largest market share during the forecast period, as mycotoxins cannot be destroyed by conventional food processing techniques and have toxin effects in humans after consumption such as immunosuppression, irritable skin, birth defects, and neurotoxicity. International trade mandates also call for more testing to be conducted on food products. Genotyping techniques have helped scientists in the identification of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Mycotoxins in food lead to significant economic losses and impacts the international trade as well as the health of humans.

The aflatoxin segment is estimated to witness the fastest growth in the mycotoxin testing during the forecast period.

Mycotoxin prevalence is a problem growing worldwide as fungi can grow in various climatic conditions. Thus, proper testing of such contaminants at every stage of the supply chain is required to avoid foodborne diseases. Aflatoxins are considered one of the most dangerous types among the group of mycotoxins present in food and feed. It is produced by the fungi–Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. This concern has lead to grow aflatoxin segment at the fastets growth rate. The mild to life-threatening disorders associated with aflatoxin contamination, birth defects among infants, chronic diarrhea, and immunosuppression. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogens and could lead to cases of liver cancer, these are the factors creating an opportunity for the growth of the aflatoxin testing market.

Schedule a call with our Analysts to discuss your business needs: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/speaktoanalystNew.asp?id=229073477

Driver: Implementation of stringent regulations related to mycotoxin detection

Various government and regulatory bodies across the world have made testing of animal feed and food ingredients mandatory. The regulatory authorities do not approve animal feed for marketing, unless its safety and efficacy are proven. Such measures to prevent potential threats of contamination, chemicals, and toxic presence have been affecting the growth of the mycotoxin testing market greatly. To protect human and animal health, many countries have enacted specific regulations for mycotoxins in food and animal feed. Currently, more than 100 countries have formal mycotoxin regulations for food and feed. The mycotoxin regulations are the most stringent in the EU, where various organizations and pan-European networks contribute to combat the problems related to mycotoxin.

In May 2006, in Kenya, an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis was reported, where aflatoxin contamination of homegrown corn has been a recurrent problem. CDC teams worked with the Kenyan Ministry of Health for the trial of a rapid, portable aflatoxin screening tool that could be used in the field to identify contaminated corn and guide urgent corn replacement efforts during an outbreak.

#Mycotoxin Testing Market

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trouw-nutrition · 2 years

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TOXO®-XL

TOXO-XL is part of Trouw Nutrition's Mycotoxin Risk Management Programme and consists of smectite clays, which have shown to be highly effective in reducing mycotoxin’s bioavailability.

Additionally, TOXO-XL contains specifically selected glucose biopolymers and purified ß-glucans to reinforce the intestinal barrier function and the immune system, which are mainly affected by Fusarium mycotoxins such as Trichothecenes and Fumonisins.

Product application

TOXO-XL should be used in cases of mycotoxin contamination in raw materials or complete feed. TOXO-XL can be incorporated into the feeding program via premixes or feed.

Benefits

Binds and eliminates mycotoxins

Strengthens intestinal barriers

Modulates immune response

Mitigates animal performance impairment caused by exposure to mycotoxins

Email: [email protected]

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ikpress1 · 2 years

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EVALUATION OF PLASTIC AND STEEL BINS FOR PROTECTION OF STORED MAIZE AGAINST INSECT INFESTATION IN GHANA | Journal of Global Agriculture and Ecology

The current study compared the effectiveness of plastic and steel bins as bulk storage structures for protecting maize from insect pest infestation in Ghana. The research was carried out at Ejura, which is located in the country's Middle Belt, from February 2016 to January 2017. As experimental treatments, untreated maize pre-disinfested using a solar biomass hybrid dryer was stored in either a 7-MT white plastic bin, a 7-MT green plastic bin, or a 6-MT Kikapu steel bin. Six 50 kg polypropylene (PP) bags filled with Betallic Super (80 g pirimiphos-methyl and 15 g permethrin per litre as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC))-treated maize (Check) and six 50 kg PP bags filled with untreated maize (Control) were also kept. The experiment was set up in a completely randomised fashion. Moisture content (MC), insect numbers and damage, and mycotoxin levels (aflatoxin and fumonisin) of maize were all measured on a monthly basis. Sitophilus zeamais, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cathartus quadricollis, and Tribolium castaneum were the most common insect pests found. Grain mean MC in the bins increased slightly from 12.5 percent to between 12.6 and 12.9 percent three months later, whereas MC in the control and Betallic treatments declined to 11.8 and 11.5 percent, respectively. However, by the end of the 12-month storage period, MC had increased to between 13 and 14 percent in all regimens. At the end of the trial, the percent IDK values in the control and other treatments were >17 percent and 3%, respectively. Over the storage period, mean grain weight losses in the three bin treatments did not exceed 1%. The levels of mycotoxin in the maize in the other treatments were lower than the required threshold, unlike the control. The findings of this study reveal that plastic and steel bins reduce insect pest infestation of stored maize, making them suitable for short- to long-term grain storage. Please see the link :- https://www.ikprress.org/index.php/JOGAE/article/view/4952 .

#Storage bin #post-harvest loss #aflatoxin #fumonisin #grain storage.

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combineherbsarchive · 2 years

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𝐌𝐈𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐀. » 𝐀 𝐕𝐈𝐋𝐋𝐀𝐆𝐄 𝐈𝐍𝐅𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐄𝐃.

as she worked her way through more and more of the noble families, the bloodlines running thin, her experiments on villagers stopped entirely - they did not matter to her other than to serve her, without question. however, despite the fact she was no longer implanting the parasitic cadou into her flock, they were still infected. every single person native to the village is infected, they are simply unaware of it.

as the year of 2021 began, the amount of infected grew much larger than it ever had before - more and more villagers were dying, absorbed into it’s consciousness, and the arrival of the winters family ( and with it everyone who had been absorbed into the hivemind of the black gods lone child - the louisiana colony - who had taken root in ethan’s mind ) triggered an exponential growth in the black god. if the population of the area were not already infected, they certainly would have been once it began to grow and stretch it’s limbs out further and further through the earth.

it is not only the people who are infected - livestock, the water, the crops - all of it is contaminated by the mold and grows from the blood of the megamycete. famine is a constant threat in the village, as the majority of crops wither and die, livestock becomes rabid and rotting and must be burnt. those that do survive and show no visible signs of infection is often seen as a blessing from mother miranda.

the state of the village is one any outsider would question, but it’s inhabitants do not - they cannot, for speaking out against their saint is punishable by death ( those who have, or have tried to leave have subsequently been pulled into the church for their trials, and none of them have ever escaped - whether it be the lycan’s maws or h/eisenberg’s hammer, though often, young women are selected to serve their sentence at the d/imitrescu castle - a sentence that they never complete ).

when looking at the food items around the village, very few of them are native - and those that aren’t appear mostly in the homes of the four lords, those who would have the means to import produce when they desire. the village’s main source of wheat grows outside the h/eisenberg factory, making it completely inaccessible - but even if it were, those who eat it would sufer mycotoxicosis, it is contaminated by a form of ergot infection. eating the wheat will result in: muscle spasms, fever and hallucinations, distorted perception, violent burning, seizures, loss of strength and possible gangrene. the village also has a large stock of fruit, notably apples and grapes, which are infected with a form of patulin resulting in: nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal disturbances for human, whilst any livestock fed these suffer liver, spleen and kidney damage. similarly, fusarium toxins are produced, the fumonisins affecting what few livestock and horses remain ( leading to supressed immunity which stops the ability of the body to remove bacteria, leading to pulmonary and systemic diseases and pulmonary oedema ) and the trichothecenes poisoning the remaining people ( resulting in inflammation, leukopenia, lymphocytosis, haemorrhaging of the skin and mucosa, aphonia, bleeding disorders, distortion of the senses, loss of muscle movement and difficulty breathing ) .

the water supply is contaminated too - prior to the reservoir being built, it’s fish had also been poisoned by the mold. a form of oomycete, such as saprolegniasis which is transmitted through ambient water - cold water temperatures predispose fish to mold disease because development of zoospores and sexual stages are favoured while host tissue repair and the inflammatory response are slowed by the lower host metabolism.

though the majority of this contamination comes from m/oreau himself. both in his experiments, failures that are cast into the water or lycans who drown / are eaten themselves and left to rot in it’s waters - resulting in the cadou parasites infecting the water supply alongside the fungal toxins, but also from m/oreau’s acidic bile that is regurgitated and falls like acid rain - this too, affects the crops, but it gathers in the reservoir and lakes, which is then used by the villagers to bathe, clean, cook and drink.

the villagers are weak and intentionally kept so - along with the hallucinatory side effects - to keep them subservient and happy. those who turn into lycans are wicked, punished souls but otherwise they have nothing but love for mother miranda - they are unaware that they are starving, unaware the meat they are eating is infected and rotting, the fields of dying crops are seen as flourishing until there is not enough to keep the hallucinatory effects going. when this occurs, it is seen as a trial to overcome, the black god testing them - to live is to suffer, and in suffering they will be rewarded by being accepted into the arms of if, shepherded by mother miranda. outsiders entering the village, which in itself is an extremely rare occurrence, may find their questions about the poor living conditions and survival of the people met with confusion and disbelief ( which only adds to the idea perpetrated by miranda that outsiders are lying, wicked sinners who must not be interacted with ) simply because their perception of reality is under constant distortion and that’s without factoring in the century-spanning cult.

#⌈ 𝐅𝐈𝐋𝐄 » M. MIRANDA. ⌉ » 𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐃𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐍.

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tes-trash-blog · 5 years

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Mycosis, Or A Slightly More Scientific Take On How The Falmer Came To Be

(Alt title: I’m Never Eating Mushrooms Again)

Yep. This is happening.

Preface: This essay/rant/overanalysis is focusing only on the theoretical physical and biological aspects Falmer devolution. Expect a shorter rant on the spiritual aspect on a later date, thanks to oyarsas.

Part 1. Just Who Were The Falmer Anyway? A Brief Primer

According to the one surviving Snow Elf in Skyrim, the ancient Falmer were a wealthy and advanced race of Elves that occupied a portion of Skyrim during the Merethic Era. A few shenanigans, some unspeakable war crimes, and a genocide later, the remnants of this race fled underground into the waiting arms of the Dwemer. They laid it down in simple terms:

“Many of your people had perished under the roaring, snow-throated kings of Mora, and your wills were broken, and we heard you, and sent our machines against your enemies, to thereby take you under. Only by the grace of the Dwemer did your culture survive, and only by the fifteen-and-one tones did your new lives begin.”

(Fun fact: If you translate the Stone using Ayleid words, it’s actually a lot more sinister!)

This wasn’t out of the goodness of their hearts, as the Dwarves were, in objective terms, dicks. While they didn’t want tearful songs of gratitude or boot-licking, they weren’t about to let a bunch of homeless and traumatized Elves, y’know, recover. No, they wanted something.

“We only request you partake of the symbol of our bond, the fruit of the stones around us. And as your vision clouds, as the darkness sets in, fear not.”

That something was their sight, and their obedience. Given what very little we know about Snow Elven culture, this looked to have been a bit of a big deal. After all, all the Prelates at Auri-El’s wayshrines implement light and sight in their blessings, much of the surviving iconography depicts the sun and its radiance, and what few surviving accounts remain mention the “dread of night” and “blessed sun”.

This wasn’t a decision made lightly, is what I’m getting at. The fact they agreed at all surely meant the Dwarves could do what they wished. Seeing some of the more elaborate torture chambers and traps, we can safely assume they did.

The Blinding happened in the Late Merethic Era, some hundreds of years before the Dragon War and the beginning of the First Era. Now comes the fun part.

And by fun part, I mean gross part.

Part 2. Can’t We Just Wrap This Up And Blame The Dwarves?

It wouldn’t be an overanalysis if I did, now would it?

There are theories abound as to how the Dwarves corrupted them, or they were part of a failed experiment (Underkiing, Lord_Hoot). This essay is going to ignore these theories, and focus on the more biological aspects of the Falmer transformation. Starting with a quote from the last surviving Snow Elf:

“The blinding of my race was supposedly accomplished with a toxin. Certainly not enough to devolve them into the sad and twisted beings they've become.”

This is further supported with the poem The Betrayed:

“Thrown into the pitch black dread of night.

Living in fear as their minds become lost.

As their eyes began dimming the light.”

This lost book also points to the slow creeping of insanity among the Snow Elves, no doubt from the unspeakable horrors seen above ground and the fancy word that made me write this whole damn essay in the first place: Mycotoxin!

Mycotoxins are a broad name for the various types of poisons produced by the Fungi kingdom, specifically those that affect animals, humans, and in this case, Elves. From NCBI’s extensive article on Mycotoxins:

“The majority of mycotoxicoses, on the other hand, result from eating contaminated foods. Skin contact with mold-infested substrates and inhalation of spore-borne toxins are also important sources of exposure. Except for supportive therapy (e.g., diet, hydration), there are almost no treatments for mycotoxin exposure”

“[...] Acute toxicity generally has a rapid onset and an obvious toxic response, while chronic toxicity is characterized by low-dose exposure over a long time period, resulting in cancers and other generally irreversible effects.”

That sounds… bad.

So, there are few if any treatments for mycotoxin exposure, and the Dwarves were not ones to use magic, so the only feasible treatment for the mass-poisoning would have been a good diet and hydration, but something tells me the Dwarves were not keen on giving their slaves either of those. From the Diary of Faire Agarwen, we can reasonably deduce that conditions were cramped, dark, and damp even among those who had political clout:

“Seventh Marking, Tenth Kulniir

[...] Often the surroundings make it impossible to dwell on any happiness. We have been locked together in such close quarters for so long.”

Keep in mind here that a kulniir was a notched basin that functioned as a simple time keeper, using drops of water. The diary also mentions there’s no real natural light, so we see the combination of dark, damp, and cramped. This was from a woman who held some social capital. We can assume that conditions for your average Joe and Sally were much worse.

Even among the best of conditions, the Snow Elves were kept in were prime real estate for molds and fungi to thrive. There is (thankfully) no evidence to support my next claim, but it’s also not exactly a stretch of the imagination.

The Falmer: A Study makes clear that the blinding was a multi-generational effort. Within perhaps two or three generations, the Snow Elves were eternally blind. Adding to the permanent blindness, there very well could have been the more unpleasant, unwanted, and unplanned changes.

I’m talking about mutagens.

To pull a real life example, Fumonisin B1 can cause neural tube defects in utero, which means that the toxin affects the development of the brain and spinal cord, as well as the central nervous system. In extreme, chronic cases of fumonisin poisoning, it can keep the brain from forming into a viable state, causing stillbirths. In a universe where dragons fly around and singing plants can make poisons, it’s not too much of a stretch to say that there is something equally terrifying growing in Blackreach. Already blinded, chronically ill, and hopeless, the next generation of Snow Elves were doomed to an ever lower standard of living without even the knowledge that things could be better. Combine that with whatever mold infected whatever flora that grew underground, similar to how say, fumonisin blights grains and how black mold is generally Really Bad For You.. Well, we can assume that there was a more subtle force that guided them to their ferality than whatever the Dwarves did to them.

In the same way the lead pipes of Rome contributed to developmental problems among their populace, I can imagine the toxic spores creating more violent, more feral Falmer, until finally their very sentience was taken from them. Seeing as all of this culminated into a war that spanned decades, something tells me the Dwarves didn’t see that coming.

Part 3: So… CAN They Be Cured?

The short answer is no. From the words of the Knight Paladin himself:

“I'm afraid that they're well beyond a cure at this point. The twisted forms you've seen didn't occur overnight. It isn't a plague or a disease that ravaged our species. The dwarves may have stolen their sight, but it took many generations for them to become what they are today.”

And as found earlier, there are no effective cures for mycotoxin exposure, and I imagine even less for chronic, multi-generational poisonings like what happened to the Snow Elves of old. I’m assuming, but I really don’t want to ever see that tested in the field.

But not all is lost. Gelebor also notes that the modern Falmer have started to re-develop their intellect. This grabbed me, as the Forgotten Vale is vastly different than the caves and ruins you normally find Falmer in. There’s fresh air and cool breezes, and open spaces for those sad little gremlins to lurk about. In short, they’re away from the poisonous influences of those dark caves and toxic spores.

It’s entirely possible that the Falmer of the Vale are developing, and it’s in part because they’re no longer confined to the dark and damp that was their prison. It’s entirely possible that with enough time, and enough patience, the Falmer could slowly undo the effects of their chronic poisoning. Not enough to become the Snow Elves of legend, those days are long since past, but perhaps enough to break their chains, and finally put a voice to thousands of years of suffering.

Sources, inspirations, and tangentially related articles:

Mycotoxins, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. A recommended primer on the nature of mycotoxins and their effects on more complex organisms.

Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans, from the World Health Organization, another excellent starting point if you like reading about poisonous fungi.

Repeating Mistakes of the Past: Another Mycoherbicide Research Bill, a condemnation of using mycotoxins in of all things, drug control. This article also calls the use of mycotoxins against humans for what it is: Biowarfare. An interesting, insightful, and very depressing read.

A review of the toxic effects and mechanisms of action of fumonisin B1, from the journal Human and Experimental Toxicology. Behind a paywall, but the abstract sums it all up quite nicely.

A Wikipedia article on the Mexican Tetra, because I think they’re cute.

UESP, without which I would be even more of a babbling trash gremlin.

#lore overanalysis #with a bit of science and biology #nature is scary #The Elder Scrolls #falmer #snow elf #as you know #i'm always on my snow elf bullshit #the dwarves were not as smart as they thought they were #they're very much STEM school fuckboys #i'm not a biologist soooo #and mycology is SURPRISINGLY INTERESTING!#there's a lot more that i didn't include because i thought 1500 words was enough for a tumblr essay

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divya1234 · 3 months

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Enhancing Poultry Nutrition with VinSorb: Mycotoxin Control

Optimizing poultry nutrition involves addressing various challenges, among which mycotoxin contamination remains a significant concern. VinSorb, recognized for its comprehensive approach to mycotoxin control, plays a vital role in enhancing poultry nutrition and health.

Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites produced by molds, can contaminate feed ingredients and pose serious health risks to poultry. These toxins not only impair digestion and nutrient absorption but also compromise immune function, leading to increased susceptibility to diseases. VinSorb acts as a bio-mycotoxin binder, effectively neutralizing these contaminants in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry.

By binding mycotoxins, VinSorb prevents their absorption into the bloodstream, thereby reducing their negative impact on poultry health. This proactive management approach supports digestive health and immune function, enabling poultry to achieve optimal growth rates and performance milestones. Farmers incorporating VinSorb into their feed formulations can thus ensure their birds receive nutrition that is free from mycotoxin-related risks.

Beyond its direct health benefits, VinSorb enhances feed safety and quality assurance in poultry farming. By mitigating mycotoxin contamination, VinSorb helps maintain feed integrity, thereby improving feed conversion ratios and reducing economic losses associated with mycotoxicosis. This contributes to sustainable poultry production practices by minimizing the environmental footprint and ensuring consistent, high-quality poultry products for consumers.

In summary, VinSorb stands as a testament to innovation in poultry nutrition, providing a reliable solution for mycotoxin control. Its ability to enhance poultry health and nutrition underscores its importance in modern farming practices, where safety, efficiency, and sustainability are paramount considerations.

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