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imr-riya · 2 years

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IOT Node and Gateway Market by Application and Distribution Channel: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2022-2028

IoT Node and Gateway Market size is projected to reach USD 535.58 Million by 2028 from an estimated USD 391.72 Million in 2021, growing at a CAGR of 4.57% globally.

The Internet of Things is a new emerging trend in smart devices which are largely associated with the daily tasks of a huge population around the world. Such devices are generally cloud-based controllers and intelligent sensors. Cloud connectivity allows IoT devices to run seamlessly with quick and secure data transfer and storage. An IoT Gateway is a connection point between cloud and intelligent gadgets, sensors, and controllers which can be in a physical unit or software program. An IoT gateway consists dedicated hardware appliance or software program which allows all data moving between IoT devices and cloud runs through an IoT gateway which can be stated as an intelligent controlling gateway. IoT gateway work as a network router between IoT devices and the cloud. One of the main features of IoT gateway is to handle both inbound and outbound traffic from IoT devices to the cloud. Most of the gateway only sent traffic in one direction.

The latest research on the Global IOT Node and Gateway Market provides a comprehensive overview of the market for the years 2022 to 2028. It gives a comprehensive picture of the global IOT Node and Gateway industry, considering all significant industry trends, market dynamics, and competitive landscape. In addition, the analysis includes critical information on the IOT Node and Gateway Market status of the main market players, major trends, and future market development opportunities. These research papers are designed to help readers find information and make decisions that will help them grow their business. The study is written with a specific goal in mind: to give business insights and consultancy to help customers make smart business decisions and achieve long-term success in their particular market areas.

To learn more about this report, request a free sample copy:

https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/request/15907

Key Industry Players in IOT Node and Gateway Market:

· Intel Corporation

· Huawei Technologies Co Ltd.

· NXP Semiconductor N.V.

· Texas Instruments Incorporated

· Cisco Systems Inc.

· Hewlett Packard Enterprise

· TE Connectivity Ltd.

· Advantech Co. Ltd.

· Dell Technologies

· Microchip Technology Inc.

· Notion

· Helium System Inc.

· Samsara Networks Inc.

· Beep Inc.

· Estimote Inc.

· Aaeon Technology Inc.

· Nexcom International Co. Ltd.

· STMicroelectronics N.V.

· Eurotech S.P.A

· Adlink Technology Inc.

· Volansys Technologies

· Embitel Technologies

· Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

· Lantronix Inc.

· Cradlepoint Inc and other major players.

An increase in cases of COVID-19 across the globe is resulting in an economic slowdown. Developed countries are strongly affected by the pandemic. COVID-19 has a negative impact on the IoT node and gateway market, as companies are decreasing their investment in new technologies and services to sustain themselves in the competitive market. The market is expected to expand in the next few years, as companies start increasing revenues to recover from the economic downturn associated with COVID-19.

Segmentation Analysis Includes,

By Hardware:

· Processor

· Connectivity IC

· Sensor

· Memory Device

· Logic Device

By Application:

· Industrial

· Consumer

By End Use:

· Healthcare

· Wearable devices

· Consumer electronics

· Retail

· BFSI

By Region:

· North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

· Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Europe)

· Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of APAC)

· Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran, UAE, Africa, Rest of MEA)

· South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA)

Will you have any doubt about this report? Please contact us on:

https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/inquiry/15907

Key benefits:

· This study presents the analytical depiction of the global IoT node and gateway industry along with the current trends and future estimations to determine the imminent investment pockets.

· The report presents information related to key drivers, restraints, and opportunities along with detailed analysis of the global IoT node and gateway market share.

· The current market is quantitatively analyzed from 2020 to 2027 to highlight the global IoT node and gateway market growth scenario.

· Porter’s five forces analysis illustrates the potency of buyers & suppliers in the market.

The IoT node and gateway market overview suggest that the North American region will dominate the market. Countries such as the US and Canada are influencing the market due to the presence of various key players. The growing technological advancements and awareness are improving the IoT Node and Gateway Market growth. However, the Asia-Pacific region will also have a significant CAGR during the forecast period. In this way, the global market of IoT gateway devices will develop the market in the upcoming period.

Purchase This Report: -

https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/checkout/?user=1&_sid=15907

There are various factors that the driving the IoT Node and Gateway Market growth at a significant rate. Especially, the rising demand for advanced technology for better communication is propelling the market. Also, the use of biometric applications is improving the IoT node and gateway market. The uses of wireless technology such as Bluetooth, memory devices, sensors, Wi-Fi are driving the market at an exponential rate.

Related Report: -

https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/reports/iot-cloud-market/

https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/reports/internet-of-things-iot-market/

https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/reports/internet-of-things-iot-cloud-platform-market/

About us:

Introspective Market Research (introspectivemarketresearch.com) is a visionary research consulting firm dedicated to assisting our clients to grow and have a successful impact on the market. Our team at IMR is ready to assist our clients to flourish their business by offering strategies to gain success and monopoly in their respective fields. We are a global market research company, that specializes in using big data and advanced analytics to show the bigger picture of the market trends. We help our clients to think differently and build better tomorrow for all of us. We are a technology-driven research company, we analyze extremely large sets of data to discover deeper insights and provide conclusive consulting. We not only provide intelligence solutions, but we help our clients in how they can achieve their goals.

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#Global IOT Node and Gateway Market IOT Node and Gateway Market Size IOT Node and Gateway Market Share IOT Node and Gateway Market Growt

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mainsprofile · 2 years

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xrpripplecrypto · 3 years

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Buy XRP USA Canada UK Australia Worldwide

Looking to Buy XRP, Sell XRP USA Worldwide? XRP Ripple Cryptocurrency for Cash! We also provide reviews for the best XRP exchanges, XRP wallets, and XRP news!

How to Buy Sell XRP Ripple

So, you’ve decided to invest in XRP Ripple. However, you’re confused and don’t know where to start - you're wondering, how to buy XRP? With so many options available, it can be difficult to choose the best option for you. Plus, there are lots of things you need to think about before you start making payments.

Learning how to buy XRP in USA can be a confusing process. It doesn’t have to be, though. In this guide, we will give you the answers!

How to Buy XRP?

The process of buying and selling XRP has been made a lot simpler over the last few months. There are a few important factors that you must think about before buying XRP:

Payment Method

The most common and accepted payment methods to buy cryptocurrency include: credit card, bank transfer, or even cash. Different websites accept different payment methods, so you'll need to choose a website that accepts the payment method you want to use.

Type of Cryptocurrency

Not all cryptocurrencies are available for purchase on every website. You will have to find a website that sells XRP that you want to buy.

Cost of Fees

Each website has different fees. Some are cheap, some are not so cheap. Make sure you know how much the fees cost before setting up an account on any website. You don't want to waste your time verifying yourself and then find out the fees are too high!

How Much You Can Afford

As with any investment, you should never invest more than you can afford. I recommend speaking to a financial adviser first.

With those 4 factors in mind, we can move on. When you buy your XRP, though, where are you going to store it? I'll give you a hint: it's not your bank account.

Cryptocurrencies

Nationwide USA

Worldwide

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Cryptocurrency Wallet

A XRP wallet is where you store your cryptocurrencies after you have bought them. You can compare a cryptocurrency wallet with your bank account. In the same way that you store traditional currencies (USD, JPY, EUR etc.) in your bank account, you will store your cryptocurrencies in your crypto wallet.

There are a lot of easy-to-use and safe options to choose from. It is important that you choose a highly-secure wallet, because if your cryptocurrency gets stolen from your wallet, you can never get it back.

There are three types of wallets:

Online wallets: The quickest to set up (but also the least safe);

Software wallets: An app you download (safer than an online wallet);

Hardware wallets: A portable device you plug into your computer via USB (the safest option).

The wallet you need will depend on which cryptocurrency you want to buy. If you buy Bitcoin, for example, you'll need a wallet that can store Bitcoin. If you buy XRP, you'll need a wallet that can store XRP.

Luckily, there are a lot of good wallets to choose from that can store multiple cryptocurrencies.

Where to Buy Cryptocurrency?

To learn where to buy XRP, you’ll first need to know where to purchase XRP stock. Just a few years ago, there were only a few places to buy and sell cryptocurrencies. Now, though, there are a lot more! Let’s look at the different places and ways you can get your crypto.

How to Buy Cryptocurrency at Cryptocurrency Exchanges?

XRP exchanges are online websites that let you exchange your local currency for cryptocurrency. Exchanges are the most popular way of buying cryptocurrency. I recommend newbies to use these exchange websites as they are easy-to-use and quick to set up.

Payment Method: Most of the exchanges accept payment by bank transfer or credit card, some of them also accept PayPal.

There are a lot of exchanges for you to choose from. Each one of them has different levels of security and they each accept different types of payment methods. Most exchanges will ask you to follow the steps below before you can start buying cryptocurrency.

Check the security of the exchange. This is the most important thing you need to consider as investors have lost lots of money in the past when the exchanges have been hacked.

Transaction fees – the lower, the better.

The number of payment options available: do they accept bank transfer, credit card, PayPal, etc.?

The amount of time it takes to activate your account — if you’re in a hurry, you might not want to wait a long time to get verified!

Which cryptocurrency options they offer. For example, if you want to buy the XRP token then you need be sure that the exchange you choose sells the XRP token.

#buy xrp

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alta95h015490761-blog · 5 years

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5 Audio Merger And Splitter Instruments To Edit Your Music Free MP3 Cutter Joiner is an.

Cute Video Audio Merger 1.6010 Free Download MP3 joiner to combine audio files. Click on "Download" to obtain the consequence mp3 file when merge successed. MagiCode MP3 Cutter is a brand new know-how mp3 cutter that is primarily based on HTML5 and does not require flash for its working. The tool respects your privateness and it doesn't hold your files uploaded on their server. In all a nice free device for slicing mp3 on-line. Extremely Beneficial. The All Information display acts like a a number of clip choice: it's displayed when the property values do not match across the choice. As with a multiple selection, when the display mode is set to All Files, any knowledge you've entered right into a property shall be entered into the XMP of each part file that makes up the merged clip. Join us at our neighborhood music studio at 6940 Plainfield Street for Common Time. At Widespread Time, you'll obtain a heat welcome and be part of a community of music lovers who also are impressed by the superb things we are able to accomplish once we make music together. Additionally, you can ask Helium Audio Joiner to routinely create a CUE file for the ensuing file using the Create CUE checkbox. I've used makeitone, and it does the trick. It is advisable be sure to highlight all of the information you wish to be part of, then do the be part of. If the volume stage is too low, you would possibly want to have a look at mp3gain; It's a normalizer that adjusts the quantity stage lossless, so you can always return without loss of quality. When there is another part clip out there If an In or Out point is marked in a niche in the audio or video, and there may be one other element clip available above or beneath that hole, Premiere Pro uses a monitor for the hole while you're adding the merged clip to the Timeline. Regardless of the title, Timbre lets you do extra than simply edit mp3s: you may split and be part of audio or video, remove sections within a range, and mix files together, in addition to take away the sound from your movies or create audio tracks from them. Quick MP3 Cutter Joiner cuts MP3 file by file dimension, items count, time length, and customized choices. The software supplies a slider bar to visually place a minimize factors where you want to reduce. You can also preview every customized piece, and lower with ahead and backward overlap, fade-in and fade-out. The MP3 cutter retains ID3 tags data and supports to custom title of goal MP3 ID3 tag. For instance: add sequence quantity to title, which makes you possibly can establish output items in your MP3 player, iPod, and iTunes simply. Jamseek is concentrated on freshmen or hobbyists studying music, guitar and other instruments who want to discover musicians to jam with, have fun and be taught. This sets them other than other platforms like be part of-my-band or bandmix that embody (semi)-skilled groups in search of band members. Bandmix is perhaps the biggest network of online musician classifieds with dedicated websites for the US, Canada, audio merger the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, France and Spain. Another stable choice to look into. Merge MP3 is a good instrument for becoming a member of recordsdata. It is unable to unpack joined recordsdata like MakeItOne, however that is needed sometimes, and it's still a really nice instrument that works below its 96 kbps decrease limit. mp3DirectCut is a nifty little audio editor that's lightweight and barebones: you can't do much with it, but it surely's superb at what it will probably do. Basic operations embody slicing, copying, pasting, and recording audio. Magic Audio Joiner is mp3 joiner, audio merger, wav joiner, wma joiner, m4a joiner, ac3 joiner in one! Drag audio recordsdata or folders in this system, set the metadata and join wma. It's also possible to insert silence between songs and set sound quality. Like mp3DirectCut, Mp3Splt can work on an audio file with out having to decompress it first, resulting in a fast workflow and no impression to audio high quality. This app is far easy although: you simply pick a begin and finish time, then export that selection as a separate audio file. With Bandicut, everyone can easily be part of multiple videos or merge more than 2 video information. The Jazz Schooling Network is a global neighborhood that conjures up collective improvisation in music, action and phrase. Our annual gathering fuels the conversation as students, academics, professionals and lovers connect, Audio Merger study, and jam to contribute to the distinctive artwork type called jazz.

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frangolive · 6 years

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Visions of the future past out in the ether …

MDA:20009 DIGITAL COMMUNITIES

Week 10: Playing the Crowd

In socially populated online gaming worlds, where overlapping rule sets, both strange and familiar are agreed to contractually and negotiated evolutionally, it is no surprise to find the attractions of escapism, accelerated ideal self-expression and intersection of political goals and societal communion (de Zwart & Humphreys 2014).

Out amongst the ethereal interstellar particles of hydrogen and helium that make up deep space, the MMORG (massive online roleplay game) of EVE, is combining all these attractions with the tiers of Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs along its historical narrative thread, to see how humans react to contexts of what would seem to be the opposite of first world laws and governments (de Zwart & Humphreys 2014, p.78, Piech 2016).

Current percentage of gamers will be shipshape ready for interstellar war if and when it is declared thanks to the huge platforms of online gaming that involve conflict and military strategies, brutality and hegemony, elitism and bigotry that will shape the ‘Goffman frame’ of their social mores in a galaxy far far away where lack of a moral compass or sense of humanity may be deemed an asset, not a crime (de Zwart & Humphries 2014)

Away from the passivity of watching networked texts in a broadcast form, digitally networked nationstates are forming and storming and deciding who to cast their votes and video modes of affinity with, via their heavily invested online actions, environmental controls and intensive iterations of war and peace, crime and punishment and digitally networked socionomics (Taylor 1997).

THOUSANDS of Eve Online players just got SCREWED OVER by ONE GUY! (Pretty Good Gaming, Published on Sep 15, 2017)

youtube

Sounds like Trump and the Nth/Sth Korea dynamic …

However, we don’t have to prostitute the fear factor of stranger danger and ‘others’ trauma online, to bulldoze policy, codes of practice and create a reactionary result of deeply centralized government controls with unprecedented power and no courts’ supervision back out into our offline communities (The Guardian 2017).

The high adrenalin addictive nature of affordance in some games is not the social norm for all and the crowdsourced networked communities of more listening and learning games can provide meta data for advocative socially inspiring activist and artistic causes (Taylor 1997, p.174).

Its largely a matter of choice about which platforms of social gaming make your heart sing, whether it be a kickstarter game that calls for strategies that include both cruelty and sympathy or a Biogame, that harvests the networked pattern recognition of players to identify pathology strains!

youtube

http://biogames.ee.ucla.edu/

You could explore the great affinity online peeps have for cats and put your allegiance in the way of the HK Project, a truly cosmopolitan platform for aesthetics that do not include hegemony but instead encompass and welcome respect and diversity.

youtube

“ Although the team has worked hard so far on HK, it's still pretty early in its development cycle. The developer doesn't expect a release for several more years, especially considering that the team only consists of two humans and two cats (the blog also admits that the cat in charge of communication isn't doing its job very well).”

You could just as easily combine ground breaking codes of practice and aesthetic engagement by immersing yourself in a platform by one of your favourite media stars …

At the end of 1999, the singer also became involved in video games, when he appeared in Quantic Dream's Omikron. He played a character named Boz, a hunted revolutionary. "It was relatively unprecedented to have such a big star embody a character within a game and not just appear as a thinly veiled version of themselves," says Thomas McMullan, a tech journalist at Alphr who played Omikron as a teenager. "And Bowie engaged to a level that went beyond just lending his face. He worked on it from a musical point-of-view as well. A bit that really sticks in my memory is a secret concert that you could discover if you uncovered some clues, and it showed you a clip of him playing in a fictional band. It felt like sneaking into an underground concert."

(Entertainment Infinity 2017)

https://www.kotaku.com.au/2016/01/the-video-game-that-changed-how-i-saw-david-bowie/

One of the most powerful aspects of online gaming is the ability to self-express and experiment the many facets that we may be too ‘gun shy’ to take out in our offline publics for whatever reason.

Many gamers play and are played by expressions of a fluid self that Nathan Jurgenson claims is the norm for social interactions in a world where an ephemeral death can be replaced with a Goffman like reframed silhouette of ideals and aesthetics (de Zwarth & Humphries 2014).

youtube

While Omikron: The Nomad Soul is Bowie's most direct interaction with the gaming industry, his influence on creators and players alike is impossible to miss.

The most obvious evidence of Bowie's influence comes from Hideo Kojima's Metal Gear Solid series. First came numerous references to "Major Tom" in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, referencing Bowie's "Space Oddity" and "Ashes to Ashes". According to the Metal Gear Wiki, both songs were considered for ending songs for the game, only to be replaced as the game's space themes became less pronounced during development.

Then there's Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, a game featuring the private military company Diamond Dogs, a name derived partially from the Bowie album of the same name. Indeed the game opens with a cover of Bowie's "The Man Who Sold The World" by Midge Ure.

youtube

And let's not forget this image, which made the rounds a couple of years back

https://www.kotaku.com.au/2014/03/david-bowie-is-every-metal-gear-solid-character-ever/

So, in our digitally networked communities of online games that have remained one of the few platforms (apart from porn, ironically) that have hung on and ridden the roller coaster of internet economics and socionomics, don’t let the hours spent engaged as a digital layer of yourself endanger or harm the offline layers of your person or others (Castronova 2004, p. 173).

Ask yourself, will it harm or will it help this one life I have to live – until the next one? …..

REFERENCES:

AskaScientist 2018, ‘What space is made of”, viewed 26 May 2018, <askascientist.co.uk/space/what-is-space-made-of/>

Castronova E 2004, ‘The Price of Bodies: A Hedonic Pricing Model of Avatar Attributes in a Synthetic World’, KYKLOS, Vol.57, pp.173196

de Zwart, M & Humphreys, S 2014,' The Lawless Frontier of Deep Space: Code as Law in EVE Online', Cultural Studies Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 77-99.

Entertainment Infinity 2017, ‘Omikron: The Nomad Soul – David Bowie Interactions/Music’, [online], viewed 24 May 2018, <https://youtu.be/-eOulnVZv0o>

EVE Online, 2014, Home: EVE online, viewed 3 August 2016, <www.eveonline.com>.

Piech K 2016, ‘Political Economy, An Introduction to the Theory of Economic Policy’, viewed 25.5.18, <https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Diagram-of-Maslows-hierarchy-of-needs_fig15_308530946>

PrettyGoodGamers 2017, ‘

THOUSANDS of Eve Online players just got SCREWED OVER by ONE GUY!

’, [online] viewed 26 May 2018, <

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEO-Gc-VKV4

Taylor, J. (1997). The emerging geographies of virtual worlds. Geographical Review, 87(2), 172-192. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.lib.swin.edu.au/docview/225336600?accountid=14205

The Guardian 2017, ‘Gillian Triggs Australian Government ideologically opposed to human rights’, [online], viewed 20 May 2018, <https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jul/26/gillian-triggs-australian-government-ideologically-opposed-to-human-rights>

Thornhill T, 2014, 'The online videogame battle that cost $300,000: Gamers see hundreds of costly spaceships destroyed after user forgot to pay bill to defend their base', The Daily Mail, 29 January, viewed 3 August 2016, <http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2547908/EVE-online-sees-biggest-battle.html>.

IMAGES:

Hk Project 2017, [image],https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CdcBpUmUkAEOJh4.jpg

#manwhosold the world #fluidself #castronova

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shirlleycoyle · 4 years

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Venus Flytraps Have Magnetic Fields Like the Human Brain

Much of my childhood was spent deep in dialogue with a crew of non-sentient play pals. The top dogs in my pack of fixations were 1) magnets and 2) Venus flytraps. Proximity to either dialed in many an afternoon fugue state. Lounging now, in the temperate solarium of mid-adulthood, I find myself peering back through time’s foliage and wondering: why??

Sure, these earthly offerings exceeded the expectations of your garden-variety rock or plant. But both seemed to contain a potential far beyond their already-otherworldly capabilities. A magnet could be amplified to say, unhand an assailant of a weapon. If cultivated aggressively a Venus flytrap might consume far larger prey. For child me, these entities possessed dormant superpowers just waiting to be awoken.

And then I awoke this morning to find that for the first time in history, a group of mavericks out of Switzerland have detected a magnetic signal in a plant. Using a highly sensitive magnetometer, an interdisciplinary team of researchers have measured signals from a Venus flytrap of up to .5 picotesla. To make matters even more mind-blowing, this signal is roughly equivalent to the biomagnetic field strength of the human brain. The full report is here.

The findings shine a light on a whole new world of plant communications we never knew was there and paves the path for new approaches to diagnose and treat plant diseases. It’s a parade-worthy "I told you so" for champions of plant intelligence, and a new dawn for how we live in harmony with the green kingdom.

With that, kick back, throw on Plantasia and let's get into the electromagnetic weeds!

Image: Johnny Ryan

It all starts with biomagnetic signals

So, why does it matter that a plant has a detectable biomagnetic signal? Well, bioelectromagnetism is the amount of magnetic signal given off by a living thing, and it’s what the Swiss research team just measured. Biomagnetic signals originate from electrical fields generated by the physiological activity of a specific organ or tissue, such as the human brain.

The electrical field is driven by "Action Potentials," which is the difference between the resting and highest electric impulse of an entity in a given period of time. To give you an idea of what that looks like, where the line spikes at +30mV here, that’s the impulse of a human brain neuron. So the Action Potential here is 100mV:

Credit: Eric H. Chudler, Ph.D., University of Washington

One or many Action Potentials then contribute to a magnetic field.

So, for instance: A muscle contracts —> An electrical impulse is emitted —> An Action Potential hits —> An Electrical Field is generated —> A Magnetic Field is generated —> Both party together right on down the electromagnetic line.

Image: Thobey Campion

Lots of things besides brains and plants give off magnetic fields. Here’s a comparative chart.

Image: Thobey Campion

Some perspective on scale:

• A toaster’s magnetic field is 300,000 times more powerful than the human brain’s field

• The Earth’s magnetic field is 2,000 times more powerful than a toaster’s field

• And a fridge magnet is 58 times more powerful than the Earth’s field

That makes the signal we just detected from a Venus flytrap almost exactly a billion times weaker than a fridge magnet, and explains why plant signals have flown under our radar for so long.

In the 1960s, though, a new class of magnetic field sensor showed up on the scene. It could detect weak biomagnetic fields, from a human brain and potentially even a plant. Behold…

The Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID)

SQUIDs are sensitive magnetometers used to measure extremely subtle fluxes in the magnetic field. The magneto-sensitivity of SQUIDs gives them extraordinary powers for recognizing the world around us. They represent the closest our technology has come to being psychic.

The hero feature of a SQUID is the Josephson junction. It's composed of two superconductors separated by a super-thin insulating material, usually copper.

The device gets inserted into a -346 Fahrenheit bath (usually nitrogen or helium). This cools the SQUID down to superconducting temperatures. The bath sits in a lead container, both of which also shield the SQUID from other magnetic fields which, in their ubiquity, are a real nuisance for detecting subtle magnetic field changes.

Any electrons passing through the junction demonstrate quantum interference, which then gets run through an algorithm and spits out a magnetic field reading.

Image: Thobey Campion

The list of applications for SQUIDs in defense, geophysics, space exploration and beyond is currently exploding with possibilities even decades after the device first showed up on the scene.

To give a sense of the power of the SQUID: mining company Outer-Rim Developments in Australia used a SQUID to measure ground surface electrical connectivity, successfully identifying a silver deposit two kilometers below the Earth’s crust. It’s the largest found anywhere ever, worth about $2 billion.

In 2017, researchers at the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology also developed a SQUID array that can detect a submarine magnetic field from an outlandish six kilometers away. It can also effectively time travel, identifying a submarine’s magnetized particle "wake" as much as two weeks after the fact.

And now, SQUIDs have initiated a potential quantum shift in our relationship with plants.

Image: Anne Fabricant

The experiment

The Venus flytrap boasts three trigger hairs that serve as mechanosensors. When a prey insect touches a trigger hair, an Action Potential is generated and travels along both trap lobes. If a second touch-induced Action Potential is fired within 30 seconds, the energy stored in the open trap is released and the capture organ closes. This is the plant-insect equivalent of a repeat offender. Imprisonment ensues.

Crucial to making these findings was the fact that this electrical activity doesn’t carry into the stalk of traps, which allowed the researchers to isolate the lobe by slicing it from the rest of the plant. Biologically intact, it was then placed on to a sensor.

The size and biology of a plant cell pose all sorts of regional challenges for magnetic field sensing. To tackle the challenge the researchers needed:

• A diverse team from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), the Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM), the Biocenter of Julius-Maximilians-Universität of Würzburg (JMU), and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Berlin, Germany's national meteorology institute.

• Heat stimulation to trigger Action Potentials in the fly trap because thermal energy emits zero background noise.

• A custom sensor consisting of a vapor-filled glass cell that further suppressed noise.

Image: UW/Mateusz Mzelanik

• Additional sensors placed around the room to differentiate any plant signals from environmental noise.

• An optically pumped magnetometer, as opposed to cryogenic cooling, which can be miniaturized and also prevented the plant matter from freezing.

The readings returned pretty much identical results four times in a row.

The discovery is as huge for biomagnetism in plants as it is for electro-physiology in general. We now have proof of a pathway for long-distance signal propagation between plant cells. Talk amongst your cells.

Both signal a new era of understanding plant systems we are only just coming to grips with.

A 2017 study published in 'Frontiers in Plant Science' looked at the photosynthetic properties of pale green leaf rice. Image: Gu, et. al.

Now what?

The report’s introduction ponders, “in the future, magnetometry may be used to study long-distance electrical signaling in a variety of plant species, and to develop noninvasive diagnostics of plant stress and disease.”

With the help of this current research, crops could be scanned for temperature shifts, chemical changes, or pests without having to damage the plants themselves.

But that’s tomorrow, and we are unfortunately fastened firmly to today.

Image: Motherboard

To get a sense of the bigger picture, I spoke with Greg Crutsinger, Director of Applied Research at GeoAcuity. Motherboard highlighted his work in turning consumer drones into high-precision crop monitoring tools a few years ago. His efforts allow farmers to rapidly and repeatedly monitor the health of their plants from the sky, identifying which areas of land need more water or fertilizer.

Our conversation exhibited a common refrain. Before widespread application of this new sensory technology, our species needs to first open our minds to a hidden electromagnetic network.

“We’re so biased by human eyes," Crutsinger said. "Yesterday I was going through some of the microsatellites that are going to scan the Earth with radar. We’re looking at different wavelengths and how they can measure moisture in plants by how deep the radar penetrates into corn. I look at the world in different spectrums now and different scales. This is similar. It’s just at this fine scale we haven’t thought of yet.”

Beyond the perceptual, there are daunting practical considerations. Lab settings provide a convenient vacuum where these almost-imperceptible magnetic fields can be measured without getting drowned out. Greg was clear about the challenges of packing up this gear and heading out into the world.

“Typically what we’re thinking about when we’re in plant magnetic spectrums is imagery and light: how are they interacting with wavelengths beyond the scope of the human eye? We can pretty easily use different sensors for that," he explained. "The challenge is mechanical, trying to measure it, and understanding what it means at such a fine level.”

Obstacles aside, new advances contain huge promise for understanding the staggering amount of data we’ve been looking past.

“I have a drone that I just picked up from Best Buy and did a 3D model with over lunch. The potential is moving very quickly to miniaturize a lot of these capabilities,” said Crutsinger. “As we advance the sensitivity of these tools and more people start using them and not just two labs in the world, I think they’ll start becoming more commonplace in terms of adoption.”

Perhaps our best next step is looking at how other species interact with these magnetic fields. Since these fields exist, they may serve some practical purpose. “Plants and insects have co-evolved for millions of years,” explained Crutsinger. “The trap is getting prey. But insects could leverage that to their own benefit as well. They’re super sensitive and they have antennas. How might they cue in on the magnetic fields of the plant. It’s just also something we have to pay attention to.”

It’s at once discouraging and hopeful to consider the vastness of what we can’t perceive. Perhaps human consciousness is not so much defined by knowing that we know but by acknowledging what we do not.

Either way, it’s a heck of a day for plant nerds.

Thobey Campion is the former Publisher of Motherboard. You can subscribe to his Substack here.

Venus Flytraps Have Magnetic Fields Like the Human Brain syndicated from https://triviaqaweb.wordpress.com/feed/

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amshrihari · 4 years

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APAC GAS LEAK DETECTORS MARKET ANALYSIS

APAC Gas Leak Detectors Market, By Technology (Electrochemical, Infrared, Semiconductor, Catalytic and Others), By Application (Industrial (Oil and gas, Chemical, Petrochemicals), Commercial (hospitals, hotels & restaurants, others), Residential and Others), By Product Type (Fixed and Portable), and by Country (China, India, Japan, ANZ, South Korea, Rest of APAC) - Size, Share, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2019 - 2027

Market Insight- APAC Gas Leak Detectors Market

Market Overview

A gas detector is an equipment that detects the presence of gases in an area. Generally, it is used as part a of safety system to detect gas leak or other emissions. These gas detectors are, generally, linked to control systems so that appropriate actions can be taken to ensure safety. There are different types of gas leak detectors available in the market including electrochemical, photoionization, infrared point, ultrasonic, semiconductor, etc. Gas leak detectors are used in various industrial and commercial enterprises. The major use of gas leak detectors is in oil & gas industries, chemical and power industries, while in commercial segment, it finds applications in restaurants, hotels, and hospitals. Furthermore, gas leak detectors find applications in municipal water, wastewater treatment, automotive manufacturing, mining, and iron & steel industries.

The global gas leak detector market was valued for US$ 1,242.7 Mn in 2019 is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 5.9 % during the forecast period.

Market Dynamics- Drivers

Growing application in oil & gas industry to ensure safety of workers is expected to drive growth of the APAC gas leak detectors market during the forecast period

Gas leak detectors are one of the many must-have devices in oil & gas industry that are necessary for protection of personnel and property hazards such as deadly, toxic, and combustible gases. Furthermore, gas detectors offer high reliability and high responsive methods to monitor toxicity, oxygen levels, and flammability. Development of gas infrastructure pipelines, warehouses, and gas stations is expected to increase, owing to growing demand for gas in the region. According to Coherent Market Insights’ analysis, natural gas liquefaction capacity in the region is expected to exhibit growth of around 66% between 2014 and 2020. Moreover, expansion of capabilities and establishments of new facilities is expected to boost the demand for gas leak detectors and thereby drive growth of the APAC gas leak detectors market in the near future.

Strict regulatory policies and safety norms regarding gas leaks in numerous industries are expected to propel the APAC gas leak detectors market growth over the forecast period

Stringent regulatory policies, laws, and safety norms are being implemented in various industries including chemical, pharmaceuticals, energy, petrochemicals, etc. Gas leak detectors are used in these aforementioned industries to detect toxic and flammable gas leaks from process containers and chambers. For instance, hazardous CO2 gas is produced during the brewing process, which needs to be safely disposed of. There are number of strict regulatory policies, safety norms, operational safety rules, and management procedures for environmental accountability that are being enforced to ensure safety operational environment for personnel and property. For instance, according to the Australia/New Zealand standard AS/NZS60079.29.2:2008, it is mandatory to install a gas detector as per work regulations, to detect flammable gases and oxygen. Thus, these factors are expected to support the market growth over the forecast period.

The market in China dominated the APAC gas leak detectors market 30.9 % in 2019 followed by Japan and South Korea, respectively

Source: Coherent Market Insights

Market Dynamics- Restraints

Low profit margins due to strong competition in the region are expected to hinder growth of the APAC gas leak detectors market during the forecast period

The APAC gas leak detectors market is highly fragmented and competitive with presence of small regional players and very few large international enterprises. Such intense competition between SMEs and large organizations has resulted in low profit margins from products. This, in turn, is expected to hinder the APAC gas leak detectors market growth over the forecast period.

Lack of highly skilled workers is expected to restrain growth of the APAC gas leak detectors market growth over the forecast period

Training associated with specific application of gas leak detectors is essential, typically for personnel using portable gas leak detectors apart from guidelines from the manufacturer’s side such as quick-start guides and electronic simulators. Gas leak detectors are designed to alarm people in the form of light, sound, or vibrate when some gas is detected, but in case of critical situations, it is very important to understand technical limitations and environmental influences to avoid misinterpretations, major accidents, or personnel panic. Relative operational complexities and costs associated with advanced technology based systems hampers their wide-scale adoption especially among relatively smaller scale end users. Hence, these factors are expected to hinder the market growth during the forecast period.

Market Opportunities

Increasing development of infrastructure in Asia Pacific is expected to present lucrative growth opportunity

In commercial and residential applications, gas leak detectors are primarily used for detection of propane gas leak from appliances, gas pipe fittings, and propane tank. Increasing development of commercial infrastructure combined with various large-scale projects such as malls, company headquarters, airports, and hospitals in the region are expected to offer lucrative growth opportunities in the near future. These opportunities are majorly available in emerging economies such as India and China due to increasing demand for safety and security features in residential projects.

Rising use of industrial gases is expected to provide major growth opportunities in the near future

Growing consumption of industrial gases such as helium, nitrogen, and argon across different manufacturing industries is expected to provide significant growth opportunities for major vendors to capitalize on the market. Moreover, the use of gases in refrigeration and HVAC processes in automotive application is expected to provide excellent growth for market players over the forecast period.

Source: Coherent Market Insights

Market Trends

Integration of advanced technology in gas leak detectors

Many manufacturers are focused on development of gas detectors incorporated with advanced features and novel technologies such as artificial neutral network (ANN) and Internet of Things (IoT), in order to make gas detectors highly efficient. For instance, Honeywell partnered with Houston-based Accudata Systems to develop ConneXt Pro, the first-of-its-kind wireless gas detection system based in the IoT technology. Moreover, General Monitor – a U.S.-based manufacturer of gas leak detectors – developed Observer-i, an ultra-sonic multiple gas leak detector, based on ANN technology platform, which can distinguish between real gas leaks and false alarms.

Advent of portable gas detectors is another major trend in the market

Various manufacturers in the industry are involved in incorporation advanced technologies including data logging, recording, streamline compliance, wireless connectivity, etc. into gas leak detectors. Furthermore, advanced portable gas detectors are focused on increasing applications as personal protective devices in different industries and also for mobile testing of widespread manufacturing plants. This is owing to the capability of these detectors to detect multiple gases and store data for analysis.

Segment information:

In APAC gas leak detectors market, by technology segment, electrochemical sub-segment dominated the APAC market in 2019, accounting for 73.6% share in terms of value.

Source: Coherent Market Insights

Value Chain Analysis

Competitive Section

Key players operating in the APAC gas leak detectors market are Honeywell International, Inc., MSA, New Cosmos Electric Co. Ltd, Emerson Electric Co., Industrial Scientific, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Tyco International plc, Drägerwerk AG & Co. KgaA, United Technologies Corporation, and General Electric.

Key Developments

Key companies in the market are focused on mergers and acquisitions, in order to gain competitive edge in the market. For instance, in December 2019, Honeywell International Inc. acquired Rebellion Photonics, a U.S.-based provider of intelligent, visual gas monitoring solutions.

Major market players are involved in collaborations and partnerships, in order to enhance their market presence. For instance, in June 2018, New Cosmos Electric Co. Ltd, a supplier of gas detection equipment, collaborated with Itron Inc. to improve gas safety for utilities with methane detectors.

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Coherent Market Insights is a global market intelligence and consulting organization focused on assisting our plethora of clients achieve transformational growth by helping them make critical business decisions.

What we provide:

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Address: 1001 4th ave, #3200 Seattle, WA 98154, U.S.

Phone: +1-206-701-6702

Email: [email protected]

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scifigeneration · 7 years

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Spots on supergiant star drive spirals in stellar wind

A Canadian-led international team of astronomers recently discovered that spots on the surface of a supergiant star are driving huge spiral structures in its stellar wind. Their results are published in a recent edition of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Massive stars are responsible for producing the heavy elements that make up all life on Earth. At the end of their lives they scatter the material into interstellar space in catastrophic explosions called supernovae -- without these dramatic events, our solar system would never have formed.

Zeta Puppis is an evolved massive star known as a 'supergiant'. It is about sixty times more massive than our sun, and seven times hotter at the surface. Massive stars are rare, and usually found in pairs called 'binary systems' or small groups known as 'multiple systems'. Zeta Puppis is special however, because it is a single massive star, moving through space alone, at a velocity of about 60 kilometers per second. "Imagine an object about sixty times the mass of the Sun, travelling about sixty times faster than a speeding bullet!" the investigators say. Dany Vanbeveren, professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, gives a possible explanation as to why the star is travelling so fast; "One theory is that Zeta Puppis has interacted with a binary or a multiple system in the past, and been thrown out into space at an incredible velocity."

Using a network of 'nanosatellites' from the "BRIght Target Explorer" (BRITE) space mission, astronomers monitored the brightness of the surface of Zeta Puppis over a six-month period, and simultaneously monitored the behavior of its stellar wind from several ground-based professional and amateur observatories.

Tahina Ramiaramanantsoa (PhD student at the Université de Montréal and member of the Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec; CRAQ) explains the authors' results: "The observations revealed a repeated pattern every 1.78 days, both at the surface of the star and in the stellar wind. The periodic signal turns out to reflect the rotation of the star through giant 'bright spots' tied to its surface, which are driving large-scale spiral-like structures in the wind, dubbed 'co-rotating interaction regions' or 'CIRs'."

"By studying the light emitted at a specific wavelength by ionized helium from the star's wind," continued Tahina, "we clearly saw some 'S' patterns caused by arms of CIRs induced in the wind by the bright surface spots!." In addition to the 1.78-day periodicity, the research team also detected random changes on timescales of hours at the surface of Zeta Puppis, strongly correlated with the behavior of small regions of higher density in the wind known as "clumps" that travel outward from the star. "These results are very exciting because we also find evidence, for the first time, of a direct link between surface variations and wind clumping, both random in nature," comments investigating team member Anthony Moffat, emeritus professor at Université de Montréal, and Principal Investigator for the Canadian contribution to the BRITE mission.

After several decades of puzzling over the potential link between the surface variability of very hot massive stars and their wind variability, these results are a significant breakthrough in massive star research, essentially owing to the BRITE nanosats and the large contribution by amateur astronomers. "It is really exciting to know that, even in the era of giant professional telescopes, dedicated amateur astronomers using off-the-shelf equipment in their backyard observatories can play a significant role at the forefront of science," says investigating team member Paul Luckas from the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) at the University of Western Australia. Paul is one of six amateur astronomers who intensively observed Zeta Puppis from their homes during the observing campaign, as part of the 'Southern Amateur Spectroscopy initiative'.

The physical origins of the bright surface spots and the random brightness variations discovered in Zeta Puppis remain unknown at this point, and will be the subject of further investigations, probably requiring many more observations using space observatories, large ground-based facilities, and small telescopes alike.

#science #astronomy #zeta puppis #supergiant star #astrophysics #the galaxy...ad infinitum

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shweta2707 · 4 years

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APAC Gas Leak Detectors Market Drivers , Trends, Top Players, Industrial Analysis and Forecast till 2027

Summary:

The global gas leak detector market was valued for US$ 1,242.7 Mn in 2019 is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 5.9 % during the forecast period

Statistics:

The market in China dominated the APAC Gas Leak Detectors Market 30.9 % in 2019 followed by Japan and South Korea, respectively.

Market Drivers

According to Coherent Market Insights’ analysis, natural gas liquefaction capacity in the region is expected to exhibit growth of around 66% between 2014 and 2020.

Moreover, expansion of capabilities and establishments of new facilities is expected to boost the demand for gas leak detectors and thereby drive growth of the APAC gas leak detectors market in the near future.

Request for the Sample copy @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/3516

Market Opportunities

Moreover, the use of gases in refrigeration and HVAC processes in automotive application is expected to provide excellent growth for market players over the forecast period.

Request for the PDF Brochure @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-pdf/3516

Market Trends

Moreover, General Monitor – a U.S.-based manufacturer of gas leak detectors – developed Observer-i, an ultra-sonic multiple gas leak detector, based on ANN technology platform, which can distinguish between real gas leaks and false alarms.

Furthermore, advanced portable gas detectors are focused on increasing applications as personal protective devices in different industries and also for mobile testing of widespread manufacturing plants..

Value Chain Analysis

Key players operating in the APAC Gas Leak Detectors Market are:

Honeywell International, Inc., MSA, New Cosmos Electric Co. Ltd, Emerson Electric Co., Industrial Scientific, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Tyco International plc, Drägerwerk AG & Co. KgaA, United Technologies Corporation, and General Electric.

Key Developments

About Us

What we provide:

Customized Market Research Services

Industry Analysis Services

Business Consulting Services

Market Intelligence Services

Long term Engagement Model

Country Specific Analysis

Mr. Shah

Coherent Market Insights Pvt.Ltd.

Address: 1001 4th Ave, #3200 Seattle, WA 98154, U.S.

Phone: +1–206–701–6702

Email: [email protected]

#APAC Gas Leak Detectors Market #coherent market insights #market analysis #market research #business consulting

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gamerszone2019-blog · 5 years

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Google Stadia, Australia and the Impending Game-Streaming War

New Post has been published on https://gamerszone.tn/google-stadia-australia-and-the-impending-game-streaming-war/

Google Stadia, Australia and the Impending Game-Streaming War

The future may well prove that OnLive was ahead of its time. Like Timothy Dalton’s serious Bond take before Daniel Craig, or Boss before House of Cards, OnLive may have been that necessary sacrificial trailblazer whose death leads to the next down-the-track leap.

For those unaware, OnLive was the first game-streaming service of note. It’s now gone the way of the dodo, but the idea was as straightforward then as it is today for surviving services: instant on. No need to physically own a game. No need for a high-end PC or the latest console. Just a compatible device and a high-speed internet connection.

The catch is that game-streaming services require adequate, stable bandwidth to be playable.

When OnLive fired all its employees in 2012, Australia’s average internet speed was an abysmal 4.2Mbps. It’s likely why OnLive and other still-alive services like Sony’s PlayStation Now or the online component of Nvidia’s GeForce Now never made it to Australian shores.

OnLive’s DNA may still live on, though, given that Sony bought the service before shuttering it. Sony will no doubt launch some kind of streaming service for PlayStation 5 – PlayStation Now branded or otherwise – and it certainly won’t be alone. EA also has an unnamed game-streaming service in the works. Microsoft has xCloud. But the current big name in what might become gaming’s next big thing is Google Stadia, which is due to launch in select countries this November.

The nitty-gritty of game streaming

The Stadia pitch is that you can open a Chrome tab or smartphone app to stream a game “instantly”. This means no download, no patching, just immediate access. This pitch, however, doesn’t extend to accessing a catalogue of games through a Netflix-style subscription – players must still purchase the vast majority of games on the service for full-price, to then be able to stream them.

Even so, the prospect of streaming high spec games to almost any screen (at some point in the future – the launch is more limited) is a major reason why companies are falling over themselves to be involved. Instead of there being millions of compatible gaming devices, the number stretches to potentially billions. Google, for instance, has showcased Stadia’s potential on older PC and Mac hardware, streaming Assassin’s Creed Odyssey to them from a specced-out gaming PC.

The point of this demonstration is simple: these older machines wouldn’t be able to install and run the game, let alone play it at max settings. This lack of the need for a dedicated gaming platform lowers the barrier of entry. Chuck in the possibility of streaming directly to compatible TVs, smartphones or tablets, and it’s easy to understand why game streaming is a big deal for those companies with budgets big enough to back the R&D.

In terms of the actual process of game streaming, the upload bandwidth requirements are less important than download because the main thing being transmitted from the player’s end is control inputs. The download bandwidth requirements, though, include all of the game video and audio, which scale upwards based on each incrementally increasing fidelity metric.

The Stadia pitch is that you can open a Chrome tab or smartphone app to stream a game “instantly”.

“

For Stadia, Google recommends a minimum download speed of 10Mbps for 720p gaming at 60 frames per second (fps) with stereo sound. Bump that up to 1080p/60fps with 5.1 surround sound (the max resolution for free Stadia users) and you need 20Mbps minimum. Jump up again to Stadia’s current maximum of 4K/60fps with 5.1 surround sound and you need at least 35Mbps of dedicated download bandwidth.

Google has also been talking up future leaps to 8K resolution and up to 120fps, which would likely translate to at least double the download bandwidth, unless bandwidth improvements can be made within the technology. Still, the prospect of a minimum of 70Mbps for fidelity lovers streaming in 8K is a giant bandwidth pill to swallow.

Consistency is important, too, as the real-time nature of gaming means that, unlike video, it can’t have breathing space in a buffer. The other challenge is data usage. Extrapolating Google’s minimum bandwidth estimates, 720p gaming uses approximately 4.5GB per hour of gaming, with Stadia’s 4K/60fps option stretching to a cap-destroying 15.75GB for every hour you play.

The need for speed

Australia isn’t on the initial launch roadmap for Google Stadia, though it may be one of the countries that Google targets from 2020 onwards. This is likely an infrastructure consideration, given we don’t have Google data centres (yet?), even if we do have a Google Cloud Platform.

Regardless of where you’re located, there are three key player-side considerations when it comes to any game-streaming service: download speed, latency and minimal (ideally zero) data loss. Conceptually, even these are problematic in Australia, especially when you account for the reality that no matter how fast the back-end architecture of a game-streaming service is, it’s at the mercy of a player’s internet connection.

According to the Speedtest global index, Australia’s fixed broadband average at the time of writing is 38.54Mbps (57th in the world), compared to 119.09Mbps in the USA (7th) and 61.02Mbps for the UK (41st). (The USA and the UK are two of 14 launch countries for Stadia.) While comfortably above the minimum (10Mbps) and 1080p (20Mbps) Stadia download requirements, Australia’s average fixed broadband speed is not comfortably above the 35Mbps needed for 4K game-streaming. It’s also worth considering that the internet’s busy period is 7pm to 11pm every night, where user demand slows things further. This means it’s possible that average would drop below the 35Mbps required to stream 4K Stadia games.

For comparison, Italy has the slowest average fixed broadband speed of the 14 Stadia launch countries, but that’s still 53.89Mbps: comfortably above the 35Mbps requirement.

Australia’s average fixed broadband speed should improve once the NBN rollout is completed and as more Australians connect to the new access network. Additionally, if NBN follows particular upgrade paths in the future, it should bring copper/fibre hybrid technologies closer to the current max consumer fibre speeds.

Australia’s mobile internet fares much better: we’re ranked fourth on the Speedtest global index with an average download speed of 63.2Mbps. That’s faster than the UK average for fixed broadband, but there’s a big catch. Australia doesn’t really have mobile plans with unlimited data at these speeds. We do have unlimited-data mobile plans, but they’re either fully or fine-print capped (once you reach your data cap) at a paltry 1.5Mbps.

With 5G on the way and as consumer data demands grow, that may change. But given that 5G depends on device compatibility and telcos treat data as though it’s as scarce as helium, this network upgrade isn’t likely to change much, at least not in the short-term.

Beyond the need for speed

The bigger catch of game streaming is latency, particularly for those living in regional locations in Australia. In these locations, the only internet options are satellite or fixed wireless, where the pings can be high (particularly for satellite) and reliability is impacted by total users and adverse weather.

Even fixed broadband internet users are at the mercy of server locations for a hypothetical Stadia rollout in Australia. If, like Microsoft’s Azure data centres, servers are only positioned on the east coast of Australia, those in the far west and north of our expansive country will have higher latency. To put that in context, there’s lower latency between the east coast of Australia and New Zealand than there is with Perth in Western Australia.

Put simply, the farther the distance, the higher the latency. The higher the latency, the more the real-time illusion of game-streaming is broken and input delays are more noticeable, among other detractors.

Data loss is the final concern, and while there are controllable factors within the home, loss can come down to external networks outside of the player’s control. By way of example, my Telstra cable connection was incredibly reliable for the first year (outside of the odd day-long outage). It’s now basically unusable for any live-streaming service because of data loss care of sporadic 10-second dropouts.

The higher the latency, the more the real-time illusion of game-streaming is broken and input delays are more noticeable, among other detractors.

“

With the NBN arriving in my area next year and after a year of fighting, Telstra tossed my case in the ‘too hard’ basket and stopped trying to fix it. I was given bill credit for the lack of reliability but, honestly, I’d rather be paying full price for a consistent connection, especially because that all-important r-word is the first adjective in Telstra’s internet sales pitch.

Outside of these dropouts, my latency is an impressive 7ms with an above-spec 112Mbps download bandwidth. Incidentally, this bandwidth is fast enough to pass the Google Stadia bandwidth test with a big green tick.

What’s less viable for Stadia or a similar game-streaming service is my Optus phone internet. I get two bars of 4G reception in my area (10km from the Sydney CBD), and while that equates to a respectable 14ms latency, the download speed is around 35.5Mbps. It doesn’t help that it’s not the most reliable of connections. Additionally, while 60GB of data is adequate for my monthly needs, it would only allow for around 6.5 hours of 1080p streaming on Stadia’s 20Mbps recommendation.

Granted, my phone plan is more than a year old. With a top-tier plan today, I could score 200GB of data from Optus, which would allow for 22 hours of monthly game streaming (and nothing else) at the same resolution on Stadia. That’d cost $105 per month (excluding any handset repayments) on top of my home internet.

Cracking the latency code

The challenge of any form of wireless technology – Wi-Fi, mobile or otherwise – is that it includes inherent latency. It’s likely why the Google Stadia founder’s edition includes a Chromecast Ultra, the top-end gizmo that’s also best used with its included ethernet capability. The Stadia requirements list this particular Chromecast model as the minimum for using Stadia on a TV.

What Google has cleverly done is push Stadia wannabes towards its proprietary controller. At first glance, it looks like just another average controller. The cleverness comes from the inclusion of a link between controller and Stadia gaming server (via Wi-Fi), as opposed to being paired to the device displaying the screen. This has the potential for lower noticeable input delays.

Clever controller tech.

Users can opt for their own controller or keyboard/mouse combo, but this will introduce additional latency. Even though this ultimately amounts to milliseconds of latency, it can start to add up to noticeable delays between control input and onscreen responsiveness.

This was the case with my xCloud experience at E3, with an Xbox One controller connected via Bluetooth to a mobile phone that was streaming Resident Evil 7. While the major detractor was the screen darkness of this particular demo, the adequately lit areas showcased a noticeable delay between joystick camera movement and onscreen actuation.

Game-specific impressiveness

There is a chance these kinds of game-streaming input delays may be less noticeable to more casual players, for whom these types of technology may be more relevant than the dedicated gamer crowd who likely own their platform/s of choice. Mobile games are often designed with control limitations in mind, and the same logic may well prove true in terms of the type of game that’s best played via game streaming.

Competitive multiplayer shooters are out for now and, unsurprisingly, almost entirely absent from the list of Stadia launch titles (though Google notes there will be multiplayer games at launch). Doom and Doom Eternal are potential exceptions to this, but there’s more on them below. It’s not a stretch to imagine that other games like Cuphead and Dark Souls, which rely on immediately responsive control feedback, are going to be a challenge for game-streaming services because of the inherent latency.

Competitive multiplayer shooters are out for now and, unsurprisingly, almost entirely absent from the list of Stadia launch titles…

“

It’s interesting that the rise of controllers like the Xbox Elite and Scuf, which champion the competitive advantages of lower latency, are on the rise alongside the birth of a gaming service that includes inherent latency. On top of this, Sony and Microsoft have talked about the high frame rate potential of the next-gen consoles, which is another step closer to lower latency (albeit perceived, in this instance).

Even TV manufacturers have included higher-refresh-rate ‘game modes’ for years, and newer-model teles offer 120Hz refresh rates and FreeSync support. In this respect, a new technology that inherently includes latency seems like a step in the wrong direction.

Devilish delights

While the bigger focus is on core game-streaming technologies like Stadia, Bethesda swooped into the race with a surprise announcement at E3 2019: Orion. Initially, it sounded as though Orion was another competing service. Instead, the pitch for the patented tech is as a Pied Piper-like middleware software solution to improve the hardware-focus of game-streaming services.

Orion is implemented at a game-engine level and is built to reduce two all-important factors: latency and bandwidth. These improvements are potentially significant, too, with the claim of latency reductions of up to 20 percent per frame and a 40 percent reduction in the required bandwidth.

Orion is implemented at a game-engine level and is built to reduce two all-important factors: latency and bandwidth.

“

According to the spiel, technically, Orion can be used on any game-streaming service, which means it’s there to complement the Stadias and xClouds of the gaming world, albeit with one big caveat: developers, publishers and streaming providers have to choose to use it.

If the theory is true in application, Orion has the potential to lower bandwidth requirements and data usage. The Orion official page even claims “imperceptible latency” in reference to “twitchy shooters”, on top of this huge-if-true statement: “a wider availability, making quality play available to players living far from data centers.”

Orion is likely why both Doom and Doom Eternal are the only fast-paced shooters among the launch titles; it’s a chance for Bethesda to showcase its tech. Both shooters have multiplayer but the higher PvP time-to-kill (TTK) makes them less in the vein of Counter-Strike and Rainbow Six Siege, and closer to the likes of Destiny 2. The extra survivability of a higher TTK shooter is better suited to the inherent latency of game-streaming services.

Game-streaming downsides

There are more game-streaming detractors outside of those previously mentioned. Interruptions in the connection, be it player or server side, result in choppier frame rates, graphical artefacting and input delays. Even a dip in connection speed can reduce resolution, introduce latency and equate to more noticeable on-screen compression.

At best, these are immersion tarnishes; at worst, tech destroyers. Google does note that Stadia will automatically adjust “to deliver the best possible visual quality at all times” during bandwidth fluctuations, but if that’s a fidelity-at-all-costs mentality, something has to give, and that may be responsiveness.

Even a dip in connection speed can reduce resolution, introduce latency and equate to more noticeable on-screen compression.

“

In terms of mobile devices, Stadia is curiously only limited to Google Pixel phones and Chrome OS tablets for the time being. Google has confirmed this will change, but it’s odd that other modern Android devices can’t also run the tech. Given that Stadia will be accessed via app, conceptually, it seems straightforward to lock out incompatible phones and tablets via Android OS version.

If a player’s connection drops out, the server will stay live for a few minutes. This means that even Google Pixel owners are at the mercy of internet coverage to ensure they can reconnect in time to resume or save their game. Australia, for instance, has great mobile coverage in cities, but in smaller city centres and in rural areas, the coverage starts to shrink and speeds slow.

Game access in general is also a big issue. The US$9.99 monthly fee for Stadia Pro grants access to a limited library of free games, discounts and 4K streaming, but you’re utterly dependent on an online connection to use Stadia, which means no form of offline gaming. The same is true of the free version of Stadia, and in both cases most of the games on the service cost full price to purchase. Google does note, though, that purchased games will be playable on Stadia even if they’re removed from the library.

It’s also worth flagging that older compatible devices will be at the mercy of their screen technology in terms of resolution (unless Stadia supports Xbox One X-like supersampling) and refresh rate, which may not be capable of frame rates beyond 60fps. Finally, unlike a service like Netflix, Stadia only allows for a single stream, albeit a single user can use this single session across unlimited compatible devices.

Perks of game streaming

It’s not all bad news, though. Stadia and other game-streaming services effectively eliminate piracy, which is great news for developers and publishers. Lower device requirements mean a lower initial barrier of entry to play games. Playing Stadia with a stable online connection is reportedly comparable to local game-streaming services, like Steam Link and GeForce Now.

On top of this, because the games are streamed and not installed, there’s no need to make space for increasingly growing game installs. Additionally, games are patched on the server side (at Google speeds for Stadia), meaning you don’t have to wait for patches to download before you’re ready to play. This, in particular, is a gaming-godsend for players who have limited gaming time that may be chewed up by waiting for patches.

There’s also the early pledge from Google that Stadia will support cross-platform multiplayer. This is, of course, reliant on other platforms coming to the party. Still, it’s a strong pro-player stance that sets an example for other parties to follow suit. Mind you, for that to work, latency really will have to be in line with other platforms.

Future potential

Stadia’s Director of Product Andrey Doronichev had this to say recently in a Reddit AMA: “To be clear, Stadia Pro is not ‘Netflix for Games’ like some people have mentioned, a closer comparison would be like Xbox Live Gold or Playstation Plus. The Pro subscribers get 4K/HDR streaming, 5.1 sound, exclusive discounts and access to some free games. Roughly one free game per month give or take. Starting with Destiny 2 (yay!).”

So… no broad catalogue, just a drip feed of free titles, with all others to be purchased at full price. That being the case, what is the use case for streaming that makes this worthwhile? If you don’t have a high-end gaming PC, a PS4 Pro or an Xbox One X maybe it makes sense. But if you don’t have that entry-level investment in gaming are you really interested enough to pay a monthly fee? If you do buy in, will you hog the bandwidth in your house to the point that a flatmate or partner may not be able to do what they want to do online?

Ultimately, services like Stadia need to prove that the many potential headaches associated with them – at least early on – are actually outweighed by the advantages. Would you, for instance, take instant-access gaming that’s potentially lower fidelity and higher latency every single time you want to use it over simply waiting for an install at the beginning and then having consistent, excellent performance from that point on? I think that trade-off would be much easier to sell if Stadia was indeed offering up a Netflix-style service, rich with content. The ability to browse through a large catalogue and try anything you like instantly would be pretty compelling. But that’s not what Stadia is going to be at launch.

Stadia and other streaming services really do feel like they raise more questions than they answer, so for now, perhaps it’s not such a bad thing that Australia isn’t part of the initial rollout. This vision of the future of gaming seems like it’s going to feel pretty inessential for some time to come. Mind you, it’d still be nice to have the internet to support it.

Nathan Lawrence is a freelance writer based in Sydney who writes about games and film, and is a shooter specialist. Say hey on Twitter.

Source : IGN

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srikanthgtbrc-blog · 5 years

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