#hygroscopicity

[johnsonholme]

[mission-to-dietitian]

Sugar is hygroscopic, so it pulls water with it. Lightbulb went off for diabetes mellitus!

[doranrun]

Polyphosphoric Acid: A Versatile Player in Chemistry

Polyphosphoric acid (PPA), a mouthful of a name for a surprisingly useful compound. It's not just one specific acid, but rather a family of closely related molecules. They share a common feature: a chain made alternating phosphorus and oxygen atoms. This chain can be short, forming what are called oligophosphoric acids, or much longer, creating true polyphosphoric acids.

Here's a closer look at what makes polyphosphoric acids interesting:

Structure and Acidity: Imagine phosphoric acid, the kind you might find in rust remover. Polyphosphoric acids are essentially strings of phosphoric acid molecules linked together, with each link losing a water molecule. This linking process makes them slightly more acidic than single phosphoric acid molecules. The longer the chain, the more acidic the polyphosphoric acid becomes.

Properties: Polyphosphoric acids are typically clear, viscous liquids that absorb moisture readily (hygroscopic). They dissolve easily in water, releasing heat as they break down into individual phosphoric acid units.

Applications: Polyphosphoric acids find uses in various fields due to their unique properties. In organic chemistry, they act as catalysts or dehydrating agents in reactions like cyclization and acylation. They can also be used to treat metal surfaces or modify materials like nanocomposites. Researchers are even exploring their potential in promoting bone regeneration on medical implants.

Overall, polyphosphoric acids are a valuable tool for chemists. Their acidity, versatility, and ability to act as both catalysts and reagents make them a go-to choice for various applications. With ongoing research, we can expect to see even more innovative uses for this fascinating class of compounds in the future.

[botanyone]

When Moss Gets Messy and Spores Go Flying

Mosses have long relied on ingenious mechanisms to release their spores into the wind for dispersal and reproduction. Now new research published in AoB PLANTS sheds light on the complex interactions behind spore release in one species with a unique “telescopic” opening structure. Most mosses employ hygroscopic peristome teeth – structures that open and close in response to humidity – to control…

[wahid007posts]

The global hygroscopic building material market size is projected to grow from USD 818 million in 2022 to USD 1,120 million by 2026, at a CAGR of 6.5% between 2022 and 2027. Rising demand from emerging markets and growth of construction industry globally are driving the market for hygroscopic building material.  

[quietus-system]

Vanadyl(IV) sulfate describes a collection of inorganic compounds of vanadium with the formula, VOSO4(H2O)x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. The pentahydrate is common. This hygroscopic blue solid is one of the most common sources of vanadium in the laboratory, reflecting its high stability. It features the vanadyl ion, VO2+, which has been called the "most stable diatomic ion".[1]

Vanadyl sulfate is an intermediate in the extraction of vanadium from petroleum residues, one commercial source of vanadium.[2] Synthesis, structure, and reactions

Vanadyl sulfate is most commonly obtained by reduction of vanadium pentoxide with sulfur dioxide:V2O5 + 7 H2O + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2 [V(O)(H2O)4]SO4

From aqueous solution, the salt crystallizes as the pentahydrate, the fifth water is not bound to the metal in the solid. Viewed as a coordination complex, the ion is octahedral, with oxo, four equatorial water ligands, and a monodentate sulfate.[1][3] The trihydrate has also been examined by crystallography.[4] A hexahydrate exists below 13.6 °C (286.8 K).[5] Two polymorphs of anhydrous VOSO4 are known.[6]

The V=O bond distance is 160 pm, about 50 pm shorter than the V–OH2 bonds. In solution, the sulfate ion dissociates rapidly.

Being widely available, vanadyl sulfate is a common precursor to other vanadyl derivatives, such as vanadyl acetylacetonate:[7][V(O)(H2O)4]SO4 + 2 C5H8O2 + Na2CO3 → [V(O)(C5H7O2)2] + Na2SO4 + 5 H2O + CO2

In acidic solution, oxidation of vanadyl sulfate gives yellow-coloured vanadyl(V) derivatives. Reduction, e.g. by zinc, gives vanadium(III) and vanadium(II) derivatives, which are characteristically green and violet, respectively. Occurrence in nature

Like most water-soluble sulfates, vanadyl sulfate is only rarely found in nature. Anhydrous form is pauflerite,[8] a mineral of fumarolic origin. Hydrated forms, also rare, include hexahydrate (stanleyite), pentahydrates (minasragrite, orthominasragrite,[9] and anorthominasragrite) and trihydrate - bobjonesite.[10] Medical research

Vanadyl sulfate is a component of food supplements and experimental drugs. Vanadyl sulfate exhibits insulin-like effects.[11]

Vanadyl sulfate has been extensively studied in the field of diabetes research as a potential means of increasing insulin sensitivity. No evidence indicates that oral vanadium supplementation improves glycaemic control.[12][13] Treatment with vanadium often results in gastrointestinal side-effects, primarily diarrhea.

Vanadyl sulfate is also marketed as a health supplement, often for bodybuilding. Deficiencies in vanadium result in reduced growth in rats.[14] Its effectiveness for bodybuilding has not been proven; some evidence suggests that athletes who take it are merely experiencing a placebo effect.[15]

Are you telling me these ions have a dissociative disorder

[themushroombitch]

what should my OC's name be

it is Time.

all names below were submitted.i tossed a bunch for various reasons (name of a real person, could tell i would hate writing it, etc) and then used a random number generator to narrow it down. except Astraeus because TWO people submitted it so i figured it should go on here

Propaganda (names not listed were submitted w/o propaganda):

Agatha: "old lady name good"

Astraeus: "It's a name of a Greek god who was an astrological deity and is also associated with wind. The name is derived from the Greek word for star and it is also an scientific name for a fungi that is in the shape of a star. Also I just think it's neat" and also "After astraeus hygrometicus, for OC’s potential mushroom-hood and unidentifiable starlight hair. “Astraeus hygrometricus, commonly known as the hygroscopic earthstar, the barometer earthstar, or the false earthstar, is a species of fungus in the family Diplocystaceae” -wikipedia"

Clementine: "beautiful name"

Gift: "It means poison in german and if they're a fungus they might as well kill ppl :)"

Aamina: a behind the name link was submitted

Latte: "i wanted to name my dog this but i was outvoted. latte this is your second chance"

Erigeron: "it's the name of the genus of plants including daisy fleabane and robin's plantain, which i learned to identify recently on a trip to great smoky mountains national park. i think they're really charming flowers. also, the geron part you might recognize as the greek root for old man, which fits with the baldness i guess, though in this case the genus is called such because parts of the fruit & flower look like white hair at certain stages. it's not the prettiest sounding name though :("

[probablyasocialecologist]

At a societal level, most people grasp the importance of plants to their lives and the ecosystems they inhabit. The success of humans as a species is inextricably interwoven with the success of plant life on Earth. Without the growth of ancient forests, the biosphere in which we live would not have enough oxygen-rich air for humans to have evolved. Without the cultivation of plants for food, humans could not have settled, built shelters and developed rich and diverse cultures. In practical terms, too, building with plants makes a lot of sense. They grow back and are relatively easy to cultivate, harvest and process into useful materials. Their inherent fibrous structures give our buildings integrity. Trees, processed into timber, work extremely well in both compression and tension. Hollow straws and grasses hold air within them, making them great insulators. The lignin in many different plants can act as a natural binder when heated, meaning that you can essentially squash them, heat them and they stick together into useful sheet materials. Mixed with different binders like clay and lime, they can be given resistance to fire, insects and mould. Bio-based materials are also hygroscopic – meaning that they hold and release moisture. The fact that they can absorb humidity from a room helps to regulate damp and prevent mould from growing. That they are moisture permeable means that water vapour trapped in walls, from rain ingress or generated through leaks, always has somewhere to go. Contemporary buildings, on the other hand, are essentially wrapped in plastic sheets, trapping in moisture and resulting in poor indoor air quality.

Some of the best examples of bio-based buildings are hiding in plain sight in villages, towns and cities across the globe, having withstood decades, sometimes centuries of wear and tear. Timber-framed barns, reinforced with hazel wattle and clay daub can be found dotted across the British countryside. The technique of cob building, using loadbearing clay and straw, was very commonly used in the south-west of England in the 19th century, and many of those cob buildings still stand in Devon and Cornwall today. They are finished in a lime render and look from the outside like any other stone or brick building.

That these techniques have not become more widespread is, at first glance, surprising. The local materials and skills used to build with them were relatively low cost, and when well maintained, extremely durable. The critical thing about these materials, however, is how they were intrinsically linked to land, and specific geographies or bioregions. Industrialisation brought with it a change in agricultural practices and land ownership. Bio-based materials were conventionally derived from agricultural waste; long wheat straw was for example used for thatching, until modern chemical fertilisers that help the wheat grow more quickly weakened the structure of the straw, making it too brittle. Water reed, also used in thatching and as a render substrate, was once abundant in wetlands, but these were drained over the course of the 19th century to develop more arable farmland, cutting by approximately 90 per cent the amount of land on which the reed could grow.

Industrialisation also brought about the development of contemporary insulations, designed initially to prevent energy loss from high-energy machinery and factory spaces. Materials such as concrete and steel, which enabled the quick assembly of spaces of production, ultimately sought markets in domestic construction too. These materials were produced at an unprecedented scale and advertised as technologically advanced, in need of little or no maintenance: symbols of a bright future in which being cold, damp and living with fire risk were a thing of the past. And as these materials became more and more popular, regulatory frameworks began to be designed around them, with lawmakers falling victim to aggressive lobbying and marketing campaigns. Today, testing and certification, mortgages and insurances in the UK and beyond are generally designed around contemporary building systems, and materials which have proven their efficacy over decades of service are considered risky, fringe and ultimately more costly.

The petrochemical and mineral materials we have been building with since the Industrial Revolution require an enormous amount of energy to be extracted and processed. The cement industry, for example, is responsible for about eight per cent of planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions – far more than global carbon emissions from aviation. We cannot continue to build using materials that generate enormous outflows of emissions and have to be shipped across great distances. We need to use materials that are lower in embodied carbon: bio-based materials, derived from plants which can regenerate sustainably and sequester carbon into our buildings.

[fruityyamenrunner]

There are a lot of websites purporting to sell "Caluanie muelear oxidize". and even apparently a local "research chemicals" company.

what is it for?

The Caluanie product is a light brown liquid made from transmogrification of palm solution. The Crude Caluanie 99% is produced from Muelear oxidize Pasteurize manufacturer, which is a first-rate chemical with prospective uses around the world to primarily chemical centralized processing industries.

Caluanie is popular in the chemistry, and paint industry as a hygroscopic agent and also it is broadly used in the industries of paints, coatings, printing inks and plastics. I highly recommend buying 100% pure Caluanie chemical from a trustworthy supplier.

Caluaine is also called heavy water as it includes heavier hydrogen atoms when compared with standard hydrogen atoms. This chemical product is made to break up and also burn metal oxides while staying away from interactions with other chemical substances.

This colorless liquid has been tested on the lab to validate that manual handling does not have unfavorable implications. Caluaine can be found in online store with full confidence in its safety and purity. Wholesale shopping are eligible for considerable savings!

Caluanie Muelear Oxidize can be purchased for a variety of uses

Chemicals are usually used for various applications in any industry. Caluaine Muelear Oxidize USA is actually an extremely desired product in the metal and also chemical industries. Among its most significant uses are:

– Emulsification

– Chemical crushing of metals

– Metal hardware processing

– Removing substances that other chemicals cant

– Stain removal

– Refinement of precious and semi-precious stones

thermostat!

everything about it looks automatically generated, so what the fuck is it? some drug precursor? literally just alcohol in a bottle? part of some law enforcement entrapment scheme?

here is a website selling some of it, with addresses in salubrious Batley, West Yorkshire and exotic Louisville, Kentucky. They have a video, dated in September of this year, of someone soaking a rod that appears to be ferromagnetic in the mystery chemical, giving 👍👍👍 while it takes effect and then extracting it, breaking it and finding it to be no longer magnetic

[unrealward]

Ecoposse (2021)

Drawn for a biomimetic design course; Collection of organisms and ecosystems that inspired me. Identification and fun facts below the cut:

Barometer earthstar - Puffball mushroom with a humidity-responsive outer casing that maximizes spore distribution. In dry conditions, outer layer curls around spore sac and allows the fruiting body to roll in the wind. During humid weather, rays unfurl and keep sac steady so rainwater disperses spores. The reaction is the result of the exoperidium's hygroscopic inner layer, and occurs without sensory organs.

Hagfish - Incredibly unique eel-like scavenger fish that have de-evolved a spine. Equipped with rasping jaws, baggy skin that protects the inner organs from damage and facilitates the body tying itself in knots, and a rapidly-expanding fibrous slime that suffocates predators. They are extremely cute and I love them so much.

Subterranean freshwater aquifer ecosystem (Specifically the Edwards Aquifer) - An ecosystem whose biodiversity is bolstered by favorable chemical conditions. Porous karst rock, alongside other natural processes, treat and purify the water to drinkable levels without the need for human intervention. Host to a plethora of stygofauna without pigmentation, eyes, and other features that allow for an efficient metabolism that can spend months between meals.

Harvestmen (aka Daddy Longlegs) - arachnids (not spiders!) adapted for movement in difficult terrain; voluntarily self-amputate limbs (autotomy) that do not grow back, but regain comparable movement speeds through behavioral compensation for up to 3 limbs lost. An interesting example of accepting greater risk by distributing resources among a greater number of less-specialized organs.

Caddisfly larvae - Caddisfly larvae are small insects that live in freshwater streams, rivers, lakes, and more, building protective cases with incredibly strong waterproof bio-adhesive and local detritus. Though they typically construct cases from specific abundant materials, they can incorporate artificially introduced objects like gold and precious jewels, which can be used to make jewelry.

Hydrothermal vent ecosystem - Deep underwater where no light penetrates, geysers of supercritical magma-heated mineralized water and high pressures create harsh conditions for survival. The unique adaptations of chemosynthetic bacteria convert the toxic sulfides into biocompatible chemicals, supporting the range of life in the ecosystem. Giant tube worms, scaly-foot gastropods, and eyeless, hairy Yeti Crabs are some of the interesting creatures that call this habitat home.

[transsexual-dandelions]

hey!! im gonna humor you (but also im just really interested), how’s your capstone? it sounds compelling:>

i think its SO cool and interesting but I may be biased i've spent the last like,, six months on this researching and planning and im starting statistical analysis next week (planning to do a t test several times over, if I have to do ANOVA i'll cry. I could settle for pearson correlation coefficient theyre not terrible)

(can you tell im a STEM guy through and through)

short version: i'm studying how often a pair of jeans should be washed based on accumulation of bacteria over a period of time, the project itself was conducted through seven consecutive days, being worn for a minimum of three hours a day, however I do believe this information could transfer over to "wears" instead, so instead of three consecutive days you could wear them three times over maybe two weeks and get similar results (in theory, this is inference made based on my decent amount of research)

longer version:

the whole reason clothes need to be washed beyond removing stains is because of odor. how does that odor get there? bacteria, baby! there is a large amount of bacteria residing on your skin (which is wonderful for your immune system, first line of defense!). The amount, types, and variety/biodiversity of bacteria is determined by many factors, including but not limited to pH, temperature, and moisture. how do these bacteria survive on your skin? sweat! sweat is inherently neutral and has no odor, it gains an odor as a byproduct of bacteria metabolizing it.

this odor is transferred over to clothes through the sweat, it wics into the textile and attaches to the fibers, bringing the bacteria along with it, they will just exist together for the most part, creating a malodor but nothing intense for now, the real fun part happens when the sweat dries. as the sweat dries, the solutes and compounds that the bacteria metabolize are severely concentrated, so the bacteria can access more of it quicker, giving it much more energy than it previously had access to, allowing irreversible adhesion to take place, which when built up can cause a lingering malodor, discoloration, loss of textile strength (thinning) not related to natural wear and tear,

the material a textile is made of will impact how sweat, sebum, and bacteria interact. most clothes are made with any combination of these three things: cotton, polyester, and spandex/elastane, each with different properties and attributes causing. ive read some journals/studies suggesting spandex to have a degree of antimicrobial properties, and for denim/100% cotton to have a degree of antifungal properties

cotton and polyester differ in many ways due to being natural vs synthetic, with one being hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic, different hygroscopicity, and general structure, as well as preparation for textile making. this results in different sebum distributions as it dries, polyester causing a uniform distribution with no respect for being face up/face down, while with cotton it dries into spherical droplets, face down, which could lead to implications and suggestions with and about bacterial behavior and odor formation (different bacteria cause different odors!)

the dyes used for clothes can also impact bacteria, it can accelerate or decrease bacterial growth/quantity/malodor, for example black jeans will gain a unique malodor that blue jeans may have. different dyes and dying processes can impact the integrity of the textile to begin with, such as stonewashing or acid wash which compromise the health of it, and traditional/classic indigo dye will strengthen/better it, with its natural antimicrobial properties. ultimately, different dyes will also have chemical properties that will affect how bacteria, sweat, and sebum interact and absorb (adsorb?)

jeans can have a different washing rate than say, t shirts, for a few reasons

one, denim is in reference to how the fibers are weaved to form the textile itself, a different structure means sweat and sebum (oil from your skin) will interact differently two, where and how you sweat! sure you sweat everywhere for the most part, but it accumulates and acts differently in some places compared to others, the most prominent sweating is at the armpits so it has all these processes happening quickly creating a greater need, compared to your legs where it may not be happening as quickly, if at all

so with all that background knowledge, what did I actually test?

I had a person wear the same pair of jeans for seven days, minimum of three hours a day, medium wash, indigo dye, 100% cotton. i took samples on day 0, 1, 2, 6, and 7. I could not get data for days 3-5 due to reasons out of my control, but it ultimately may not matter because there was no seemingly visible difference in amount of bacteria compared to day zero and one until day seven! at day seven it was intense, easily reaching fifty colonies per plate (two sections per day, each section gets played five times), compared to the one to ten colonies, <= 2mm on the first few days,

i predict that my statistical analysis will not show a significant difference (probably p value <0.05) until day seven, but i may be entirely wrong either way, i think its going to be very interesting!

in theory it would have applications in determining optimal washing frequency, based on a variety of factors (significant physical activity or sweating would decrease amount of time between washes) to create the longest possible lifespan of the jeans, especially with the effects of fast fashion and planned obsolescence

washing too frequently can also negatively impact the lifespan of a textile and make it degrade much quicker, and not washing it frequently enough will cause bio deterioration

I would love to do this project again another time, perhaps with more people, or exploring other %make ups, brands, and dyes/colors

[kingdrawcse]

Quinoline, a toxic and odorous liquid from coal tar

Quinoline is a toxic and strongly odorous colorless hygroscopic liquid extracted from coal tar, and it is an important raw material in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Natural derivatives of quinoline, often found in plants as "alkaloids," are exemplified by the well-known "Quinine." Natural quinoline is very rare, and the only known natural source is a stick insect called Oreophoetes peruana, which lives in Peru.

Stick insects are renowned in the natural world for their camouflage and protective coloration. However, the Peruvian stick insect discovered is quite unique; its body has bright-colored patches, and when threatened, two glands on its prothorax secrete a white, foul-smelling liquid containing quinoline, which they use to escape from predators.

[risnabeaute]

༘˚⋆𐙚｡⋆𖦹.✧˚"Beauty Product Manufacturers and Eco-Friendly Cosmetics”༘˚⋆𐙚｡⋆𖦹.✧˚

Hi beautes! 👋🏻 🎀. I want to share one of my opinions and research from what I found that Beauty Product Manufacturers and Eco-Friendly Cosmetics” are really important. Skin irritation and allergic responses are less common with natural and oleochemical substances. Sustainable products are made from naturally occurring substances that humans have been utilizing for centuries: plants and animals. These ingredients have therapeutic qualities and are free of synthetic, poisonous chemicals and artificial colors. Take glycerine, an organic byproduct of palm oil. Cosmetics, medications, and soaps all employ the clear, non-toxic liquid. Glycerine retains moisture well since it is a humectant, which makes it a great moisturizer. By enhancing the body's hygroscopic properties, glycerine helps the skin to absorb and retain water. It can be put anywhere on the body because it doesn't cause irritation. It works well as an anti-aging component.

Because The average Asian or American is thought to use 100 kilos of plastic every year, with over half of the plastic generated going toward single-use disposable products. Typical suppliers of environmentally friendly cosmetics include: Natural oils, including avocado, coconut, and olive oils. Plants used in agriculture, such soybeans and corn. Environmentally friendly formulas are the foundation of eco-friendly cosmetics, which are then produced and packaged using eco-friendly procedures. Ingredients that are made from natural substances are used in the creation of these "green," sustainable cosmetics. Eco-friendly beauty products can be an excellent choice for people with sensitive skin since, in addition to being good for the environment, they are typically made of natural and organic ingredients.

Additionally, harsh chemicals are likely to be absent from eco-friendly cosmetics, which lowers your chance of skin damage and flare-ups. Harsh chemicals are also probably not included in eco-friendly cosmetics, which lowers our chance of skin damage and flare-ups. Consumers nowadays are more concerned with social and environmental responsibilities and have a developing global consciousness. The softer environmental impact of sustainable products is one of their key advantages. There are new reports every week about massive garbage floating in the water or risky carbon outputs. Conventional cosmetics include several dangerous substances called petrochemicals that harm both our bodies and the environment. Customers seek organic, low-polluting items as we grow more conscious of the environment. How are we gonna make the world change? so here’s the tip that you should know:

1. Recognizing Ecological Natural beauty

The following are a few of the most well-known, eco-friendly, sustainable cosmetic brands and their offerings: Native:

-Native uses natural, organic components to make its deodorants. Native's brand is based on "easy-to-understand, nontoxic ingredients." Herbs like castor bean oil, coconut oil, and shea butter are generated from oleochemicals.

-Burt's Bees: From modest beeswax candles to a massive empire of lip products, Burt's Bees has emerged as a global pioneer in sustainability. The company uses natural and organic components in its cosmetics and personal care products, and it follows a "no-waste" manufacturing philosophy. They use beeswax, herbs, and botanical oils to create their well-known goods.

- Blissoma: Specializing in skincare, Blissoma provides a vast selection of green skincare products divided by skin type and need. Their preservative-free cosmetics use natural components such as fruit enzymes, Vitamin C, organic herbs, and cereals.

The job Manufacturers of cosmetics have a rare chance to emphasize corporate responsibility by focusing on green cosmetics. Going above and beyond with sustainable sourcing or packaging can have a big influence, in addition to the good effects green marketing can have on a company's image. A business assumes responsibility for its effects on economies and world health when it ramps up its sustainability initiatives. A company can earn authority and respect from suppliers, customers, and other distribution chain participants by assuming corporate responsibility for its manufacturing.

2. The Effect of Modern Beauty Products on the Environment

The Intensity of Resources and Waste Production: - Sourcing of Ingredients: Resource-intensive procedures are a major part of the manufacturing of traditional cosmetics. One such component that contributes to habitat loss and deforestation is palm oil, which is widely used in cosmetics.Packaging Waste: Take into consideration the chic plastic cases that hold your go-to lipstick or moisturizer. A major contributing factor to the worldwide plastic pollution problem is that these containers frequently wind up in landfills or the ocean.

Toxic ingredients included in many traditional cosmetic products, including parabens, phthalates, and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, contribute to chemical pollution and water contamination. In addition to endangering human health, these pollutants contaminate rivers. Ecosystems that are aquatic are impacted by the chemicals we rinse out of our hair or wash off our makeup, which ends up in rivers and oceans. - Tiny plastics: Small plastic particles called microplastics are present in toothpaste, exfoliating scrubs, and some shampoos. These particles are non-biodegradable. Microplastics can harm marine life and possibly make their way into our food chain when they amass in water bodies. Part 3: Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change - Distribution and Transportation: Cosmetics are produced all over the world and distributed extensively. Storage of some goods (such serums) in a refrigerator also adds to the energy usage.

For example: Parabens. - Toxic Substance: Preservatives including methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben are frequently found in skincare and makeup products. On the other hand, they may increase the risk of breast cancer and cause hormone imbalance. - Alternative: Look for natural preservatives like vitamin E, rosemary oil, or grapefruit seed extract, or choose items that are labeled "paraben-free".

3. Producing Your Own Eco-Friendly Items

Do-it-yourself Beauty Recipes: - For a calming and purifying effect, mix oatmeal, honey, and chamomile tea to make a mild face cleanser. For a luscious and nourishing treat, combine shea and cocoa butter with your preferred essential oils to create a moisturizing body butter. Shake some lemon or orange peels into some apple cider vinegar to create a revitalizing and pleasant citrus hair rinse. Sustainable Packaging Options: To cut down on plastic waste, put your homemade beauty products in reusable glass jars or metal tins. Take into consideration giving empty containers from completed commercial cosmetic items a new lease on life.

Be healthy always, love 🎀🪞🩰🦢🕯️

[elinaline]

I fucking hate those "science is cool" or "I love science" that give semi correct to completely incorrect fact, do not put any source to any of their claims and share random unrelated stuff with such a passion. They're just trying to make goodies out of your live for science and exciting your curiosity with half verified information which most of the time just straight up sucks.

Anyways here's the Douady and Coudert article on phyllotaxis, noticing that because of morphogenesis most plants grow along a Fibonacci pattern, it's in open access

Also had a microbiology student listened in class they'd know a tissue is a porous hygroscopic material which makes it a breeding ground for bacteria, so instead of putting a tissue on the metro bar they'd wash their hands when they get home. Fucking hell.

[chefilona]

CHEF ILONA: The secrets to the best chocolate chip cookies ever!

Chocolate is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a wide range of dishes, both sweet and savoury.

"Our love for chocolate varies from person to person, and is a cherished indulgence because of its taste, texture, cultural significance, and personal associations."

From childhood to adulthood, we always find a way to come back to the classic comfort that chocolate inherently is.

Secrets to softer cookies

One of the keys to a tender chocolate chip cookie is our choice in sugars. Sugar is hydroscopic. In simple terms this means that sugar has a property of attracting and absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment. I have used a combination of both white and brown sugar. Brown sugar is more hygroscopic than white sugar primarily due to its higher molasses content, making it an essential component of the best chocolate chip cookie.

Cocoa Butter Percentages

Cocoa butter percentages in chocolate indicate the proportion of cocoa butter in the overall composition of the chocolate. Higher percentages generally correspond to higher-quality chocolate with richer flavors and smoother textures. For example, a chocolate bar labeled as "70% cocoa" means that 70% of the chocolate bar's weight is derived from cocoa products, including both cocoa butter and cocoa solids. The remaining 30% may include sugar, milk solids (if it's milk chocolate), and other ingredients.

White Chocolate

White chocolate is made primarily from cocoa butter, sugar, and milk solids. Unlike dark or milk chocolate, white chocolate does not contain cocoa solids, which are responsible for the brown color and characteristic flavor of chocolate.

The cocoa butter provides the creamy and smooth texture of white chocolate. Sugar is added to sweeten the chocolate, giving it a pleasant taste.

Best Ever Chocolate Chip Cookies

Makes 1 dozen cookies

½ cup butter, melted ½ cup white sugar ¼ cup packed light brown sugar 1 Tablespoon vanilla 1 egg 1 ½ cups all-purpose flour ½ teaspoon baking soda ¼ teaspoon salt ½ cup semi-sweet chocolate chips ½ cup 75% dark chocolate chunks (I just smash up a chocolate bar)

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees.

Microwave the butter for about 30-40 seconds to just barely melt it. (It shouldn’t be hot)

Using a stand mixer or electric beaters, beat the butter with the sugars until creamy.

Add the vanilla and the egg; beat on low speed until just incorporated; about 10 seconds. (Extended beating of the egg will make the cookies tough)

Add the flour, baking soda, and salt. Mix until crumbles form. Add the chocolate chips and incorporate either with your paddle whisk if using stand mixer or use your hands if using electric beaters.

Scoop the dough into 12 large balls and place on a parchment-lined cookie sheet. Refrigerate the cookies for 1-2 hours.

Bake for 10-12 minutes until the cookies look puffy and dry and just barely golden. DO NOT OVERBAKE. You will know the cookies are done when the bottom of the cookies are just becoming golden across the entire surface, and the top is gently puffed and pale.

It is a must to cool the cookies on the tray for 30 minutes. These should stay soft for many days if kept in an airtight container. I also like to freeze them.

[chemistryunveiled]

Lithium Chloride Uses & Benefits

Lithium Chloride is a salt compound that has been used in a variety of industries for many years. This compound has some unique properties that make it useful in a wide range of applications. In this blog post, we will explore the properties, uses, and benefits of Lithium Chloride.

Properties of Lithium Chloride:

Lithium Chloride is a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. It is a hygroscopic compound, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air. Lithium chloride has a high melting point of 610°C and a boiling point of 1,382°C. It is also highly reactive and can easily form complexes with other molecules.

Uses of Lithium Chloride:

Lithium Chloride has a wide range of applications in various industries. Some of the most common uses of Lithium Chloride are:

Desiccant: Lithium Chloride is used as a desiccant to absorb moisture from the air. It is commonly used in air conditioning units and dehumidifiers.

Chemical Industry: Lithium Chloride is used in the chemical industry as a catalyst in the production of organic compounds.

Batteries: Lithium Chloride is used in the production of batteries. It is commonly used in the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries.

Pharmaceuticals: Lithium Chloride is used in the production of some pharmaceuticals. It is used to treat certain mental health conditions and is also used as a mood stabilizer.

Benefits of Lithium Chloride:

Lithium Chloride has several benefits that make it useful in various industries. Some of the benefits of Lithium Chloride are:

High Solubility: Lithium Chloride is highly soluble in water, which makes it useful in a wide range of applications.

Hygroscopic: Lithium Chloride is hygroscopic, meaning it can absorb moisture from the air. This property makes it useful as a desiccant.

High Melting Point: Lithium Chloride has a high melting point, which makes it useful in high-temperature applications.

Reactivity: Lithium Chloride is highly reactive and can easily form complexes with other molecules. This property makes it useful in the chemical industry.

In conclusion, Lithium Chloride is a highly versatile compound that has a wide range of applications in various industries. Its unique properties make it useful in high-temperature applications, as a desiccant, and in the chemical industry. With its many benefits, Lithium Chloride will continue to be an important compound in the years to come.

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