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#lm 1.2.4
secretmellowblog · 1 year
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When Valjean chooses not to go to the cheese dairies in Pontarlier
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cliozaur · 5 months
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Was this switch of voice in this chapter really necessary? Generally, I like how Hugo changes focus, point of view, and plays with time, but here I find the change of POV unnecessary.
It is very noticeable that Jean Valjean is still very unpolished and has not acquired bourgeois politeness. His remark about “Monsieur le Curé’s” poverty is rude, but M. Myriel’s response is so gentle and graceful! He is a sweetheart! In turn, the bishop is careful not to hurt Jean Valjean’s feelings with his remark about the innocence of mountaineers.
We finally learned something about the bishop’s life during the Revolution. He was forced to work with his hands. He doesn’t say exactly what he was doing, except that the choice was between “paper mills, tanneries, distilleries, oil factories, watch factories on a large scale, steel mills, copper works, twenty iron foundries at least.” Franche-Comté was quite an industrial area! Now the region boasts that it was the centre of watchmaking. Was M. Myriel working at one of those watch factories?
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pureanonofficial · 1 year
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LES MIS LETTERS IN ADAPTATION - Details Concerning the Cheese-Dairies of Pontarlier, LM 1.2.4 (Les Miserables 1925)
The man recovered his animation as he ate. My brother made him drink that good Mauves wine, which he does not drink himself, because he says that wine is expensive.
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dolphin1812 · 1 year
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I know the bishop’s comments on Pontarlier are supposed to be reassuring, but I find it really hard to believe that Valjean would be able to find good work there when people won’t even take him in for the night. The way he parallels Valjean’s situation with his own after the French Revolution is uncomfortable; yes, he was on the run in a sense, but he wasn’t scorned everywhere the way a criminal is. I think the communal care of the poorer members of Pontarlier is supposed to be inspiring, and in a way, it is! But Valjean’s problem is that he’s excluded from communities because of his identity. He wouldn’t have access to that cooperative environment that makes life there seem so appealing.
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tintucxeco · 1 year
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Tìm hiểu giá và thông tin chi tiết về dòng xe Audi R8
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Đối với những ai yêu thích và quan tâm đến xe hơi, dòng xe Audi R8 là một trong những tuyệt tác được nhiều người mơ ước sở hữu. Với thiết kế sang trọng và hiệu suất vượt trội, các phiên bản của dòng xe này đều mang lại cho người lái cảm giác mạnh mẽ và đầy thú vị. 1. Giới thiệu về dòng xe Audi R8 Nhắc đến dòng xe hơi siêu sang, người ta không thể không nhắc đến dòng xe Audi R8. Đây là một trong những tuyệt tác được nhiều người mơ ước sở hữu. Với thiết kế sang trọng và hiệu suất vượt trội, các phiên bản của dòng xe này đều mang lại cho người lái cảm giác mạnh mẽ và đầy thú vị. Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ cùng tìm hiểu về sự phát triển của dòng xe Audi R8 và giới thiệu các phiên bản xe Audi R8. 1.1. Sự phát triển của dòng xe Audi R8 Dòng xe Audi R8 được giới thiệu lần đầu tiên vào năm 2006 tại Triển lãm ô tô Paris. Đây là một chiếc siêu xe thể thao có thiết kế độc đáo và hiệu suất vượt trội. Tính đến nay, dòng xe này đã trải qua nhiều lần nâng cấp và cải tiến để đáp ứng nhu cầu của người dùng. 1.2. Giới thiệu các phiên bản xe Audi R8 1.2.1. Audi R8 V10 Plus Là phiên bản tiêu chuẩn của dòng xe R8. Xe được trang bị động cơ V10 5.2L sản sinh công suất 540 mã lực, mô-men xoắn cực đại 540 Nm. Tốc độ tối đa của xe đạt 320 km/h và có thể tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h chỉ trong 3,5 giây. 1.2.2. Audi R8 Spyder Là phiên bản mui trần của R8 V10. Xe được trang bị động cơ V10 5.2L sản sinh công suất 540 mã lực, mô-men xoắn cực đại 540 Nm. Tốc độ tối đa của xe đạt 318 km/h và có thể tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h chỉ trong 3,6 giây. 1.2.3. Audi R8 V10 Là phiên bản có hiệu suất cao hơn của R8 V10. Xe được trang bị động cơ V10 5.2L tăng áp cho công suất tối đa 610 mã lực, mô-men xoắn cực đại 560 Nm. Tốc độ tối đa của xe đạt 330 km/h và có thể tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h chỉ trong 3,2 giây. 1.2.4. Audi R8 RWD Là phiên bản có hệ dẫn động cầu sau của R8 V10. Xe được trang bị động cơ V10 5.2L sản sinh công suất 540 mã lực, mô-men xoắn cực đại 540 Nm. Tốc độ tối đa của xe đạt 320 km/h và có thể tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h chỉ trong 3,7 giây. 1.2.5. Audi R8 Coupe Là phiên bản coupe của dòng xe R8, được trang bị động cơ V10 5.2L với công suất 562 mã lực và mô-men xoắn cực đại 540 Nm. Xe có khả năng tăng tốc từ 0-100km/h chỉ trong 3,4 giây và đạt tốc độ tối đa 324km/h. 1.2.6. Audi R8 Green Hell Là phiên bản giới hạn của R8 V10 Plus được sản xuất để kỷ niệm chiến thắng tại giải đua 24 giờ Nürburgring. Xe được trang bị động cơ V10 5.2L tăng áp cho công suất tối đa 620 mã lực, mô-men xoắn cực đại 580 Nm. Tốc độ tối đa của xe đạt 330 km/h và có thể tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h chỉ trong 3,1 giây. Trên đây là những phiên bản chính của dòng xe Audi R8. Tuy nhiên, hãng xe này cũng cung cấp các phiên bản đặc biệt khác như R8 LMS GT3, R8 LMS GT4, R8 Decennium, R8 RWD Panther Edition, v.v... 2. Tìm hiểu giá xe Audi R8 Tiếp theo trong chủ đề tìm hiểu về dòng xe Audi R8, chúng ta sẽ cùng nhau tìm hiểu về giá cả của xe. Việc đánh giá và lựa chọn giá cả phù hợp là rất quan trọng khi quyết định mua một chiếc xe hơi, đặc biệt là khi đó là một chiếc xe thể thao cao cấp như Audi R8. Bài viết này sẽ cung cấp cho bạn những thông tin chi tiết về giá cả của Audi R8 cũng như các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá của chiếc xe này. 2.1. Faktoren ảnh hưởng đến giá xe Audi R8 - Động cơ: Một yếu tố quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến giá cả của Audi R8 là loại động cơ được trang bị trên xe. Các phiên bản cao cấp hơn, như R8 V10 Plus, có giá thành cao hơn do được trang bị động cơ mạnh hơn. - Nội thất: Ngoài các tính năng và trang thiết bị bên ngoài, nội thất cũng là yếu tố quan trọng ảnh hưởng đến giá cả của xe. Các phiên bản được trang bị nội thất cao cấp hơn, như da Nappa hoặc Alcantara, sẽ có giá thành cao hơn. - Tính năng và trang bị: Xe được trang bị nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp hơn sẽ có giá cả cao hơn. Điều này bao gồm các tính năng an toàn như hệ thống phanh ABS và hệ thống lái điện tử, các tính năng giải trí như hệ thống âm thanh cao cấp và màn hình điều khiển giải trí trung tâm. 2.2. Giá xe Audi R8 2022 tại thị trường Việt Nam Tại thị trường Việt Nam, giá của Audi R8 khá cao và khác nhau tùy vào từng phiên bản. Theo thông tin từ hãng xe, giá cả của các phiên bản Audi R8 2022 tại Việt Nam như sau: - Audi R8 V10: Giá từ 13,9 tỷ VNĐ - Audi R8 V10 Plus: Giá từ 16,4 tỷ VNĐ - Audi R8 Spyder: Giá từ 14,7 tỷ VNĐ 2.3. Đánh giá về giá cả của các phiên bản xe Audi R8 Với giá thành cao hơn so với nhiều dòng xe khác trên thị trường, giá cả của Audi R8 được đánh giá là tương đối đắt đỏ. Tuy nhiên, giá cả này phù hợp với chất lượng và hiệu suất của xe. Điều đáng chú ý là giá của Audi R8 còn phụ thuộc vào các yếu tố khác như thuế nhập khẩu, phí trước bạ, thuế giá trị gia tăng, chi phí vận chuyển và các yếu tố khác liên quan đến thị trường ô tô tại Việt Nam. Vì vậy, giá cả của xe sẽ có sự thay đổi tùy thuộc vào từng thời điểm và từng vùng miền. Tóm lại, giá cả là một yếu tố quan trọng khi lựa chọn mua một chiếc xe hơi, đặc biệt là khi đó là một chiếc xe thể thao cao cấp như Audi R8. Việc tìm hiểu về các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá cả của xe và giá thành của từng phiên bản sẽ giúp bạn đưa ra quyết định mua xe hợp lý. 3. Tìm hiểu về các phiên bản xe Audi R8 Trong chủ đề tìm hiểu về dòng xe Audi R8, chúng ta sẽ tiếp tục tìm hiểu về các phiên bản xe Audi R8, bao gồm Audi R8 Spyder, Audi R8 V10 và Audi R8 V10 Plus. Bài viết này sẽ cung cấp cho bạn thông tin chi tiết về các phiên bản xe này, từ thông số kỹ thuật đến trang bị và tính năng, đánh giá và ưu nhược điểm của từng chiếc xe. 3.1. Audi R8 Spyder Thông số kỹ thuật - Động cơ: V10 5.2L - Công suất tối đa: 540 mã lực - Mô-men xoắn cực đại: 540 Nm - Tốc độ tối đa: 318 km/h - Thời gian tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h: 3,6 giây Trang bị và tính năng của xe - Hệ thống treo cơ khí ma sát - Hệ thống phanh tản nhiệt carbon-ceramic - Hệ thống âm thanh cao cấp Bang & Olufsen - Hệ thống lái điện tử Audi Drive Select - Hệ thống điều khiển giải trí trung tâm MMI Navigation Plus Đánh giá về Audi R8 Spyder Audi R8 Spyder là một trong những chiếc xe thể thao đẹp và sang trọng của Audi. Xe được thiết kế đẹp mắt với thiết kế mui trần, hứa hẹn mang đến cho bạn một trải nghiệm lái xe thú vị. Ngoài ra, hệ thống lái điện tử Audi Drive Select giúp bạn có thể dễ dàng điều chỉnh các chế độ lái xe phù hợp với nhu cầu của mình. 3.2. Audi R8 V10 Thông số kỹ thuật - Động cơ: V10 5.2L - Công suất tối đa: 540 mã lực - Mô-men xoắn cực đại: 540 Nm - Tốc độ tối đa: 320 km/h - Thời gian tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h: 3,7 giây Trang bị và tính năng của xe - Hệ thống phanh tản nhiệt carbon-ceramic - Hệ thống lái điện tử Audi Drive Select - Hệ thống điều khiển giải trí trung tâm MMI Navigation Plus - Hệ thống âm thanh cao cấp Bang & Olufsen - Đèn pha LED Matrix Đánh giá về Audi R8 V10 Audi R8 Với phiên bản Audi R8 V10, xe được trang bị các tính năng và trang bị cao cấp, giúp mang đến cho người dùng một trải nghiệm lái xe tốt nhất. Hệ thống phanh tản nhiệt carbon-ceramic giúp xe dừng lại nhanh chóng và an toàn hơn trong mọi tình huống. Đèn pha LED Matrix giúp tăng cường ánh sáng và độ sáng của chiếc xe. 3.3. Audi R8 V10 Plus Thông số kỹ thuật - Động cơ: V10 5.2L - Công suất tối đa: 610 mã lực - Mô-men xoắn cực đại: 560 Nm - Tốc độ tối đa: 330 km/h - Thời gian tăng tốc từ 0-100 km/h: 3,2 giây Trang bị và tính năng của xe - Hệ thống phanh tản nhiệt carbon-ceramic - Hệ thống lái điện tử Audi Drive Select - Hệ thống điều khiển giải trí trung tâm MMI Navigation Plus - Hệ thống âm thanh cao cấp Bang & Olufsen - Đèn pha LED Matrix Đánh giá về Audi R8 V10 Plus Audi R8 V10 Plus là phiên bản cao cấp nhất của dòng xe Audi R8, với khả năng vận hành mạnh mẽ và tốc độ tối đa lên đến 330 km/h. Ngoài ra, hệ thống phanh tản nhiệt carbon-ceramic giúp cho xe dừng lại nhanh chóng và an toàn hơn trong mọi tình huống. Với những tính năng và trang bị cao cấp, Audi R8 V10 Plus được đánh giá là một trong những chiếc xe thể thao cao cấp tốt nhất trên thị trường hiện nay. Tổng kết lại, bài viết này đã giới thiệu về các phiên bản xe Audi R8, bao gồm Audi R8 Spyder, Audi R8 V10 và Audi R8 V10 Plus. Việc tìm hiểu thông tin chi tiết về từng phiên bản xe sẽ giúp bạn có thể đưa ra quyết định mua xe phù hợp với nhu cầu và sở thích của mình. 4. Tìm hiểu về nội thất của xe Audi R8 Trong chủ đề tìm hiểu về dòng xe Audi R8, chúng ta sẽ tiếp tục tìm hiểu về nội thất của xe Audi R8. Bài viết này sẽ cung cấp cho bạn thông tin chi tiết về thiết kế, tính năng và trang bị của nội thất Audi R8. 4.1. Thiết kế nội thất của Audi R8 Nội thất của Audi R8 được thiết kế với kiểu dáng sang trọng và hiện đại. Mặt trước của bảng điều khiển được bao phủ bởi da Nappa cao cấp, giúp tăng thêm sự sang trọng cho chiếc xe. Các chi tiết như bàn đạp chân và tay lái được bọc da cao cấp, giúp tạo cảm giác thoải mái khi lái xe. 4.2. Các tính năng và trang bị của nội thất Audi R8 Nội thất của Audi R8 được trang bị nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp, giúp mang đến cho người lái và hành khách một trải nghiệm thoải mái nhất khi sử dụng xe. Một số tính năng và trang bị đáng chú ý bao gồm: - Hệ thống điều hòa tự động 2 vùng - Hệ thống âm thanh cao cấp Bang & Olufsen - Hệ thống giải trí trung tâm MMI Navigation Plus với màn hình cảm ứng 12,3 inch - Ghế lái điện với chức năng massage - Hệ thống thông tin giải trí cho hành khách phía sau - Hệ thống hỗ trợ lái Audi Parking System Plus Tóm lại, nội thất của xe Audi R8 được thiết kế với kiểu dáng sang trọng và hiện đại, và được trang bị nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp. Việc tìm hiểu về nội thất của xe sẽ giúp bạn có thể đưa ra quyết định mua xe phù hợp với nhu cầu và sở thích của mình. 5. Đánh giá và so sánh với các đối thủ cạnh tranh 5.1. So sánh với Porsche 911 Porsche 911 là một trong những đối thủ cạnh tranh chính của Audi R8 trong phân khúc xe thể thao cao cấp. Cả hai chiếc xe đều được trang bị động cơ V10 mạnh mẽ, tuy nhiên, Audi R8 có công suất lớn hơn với 610 mã lực so với 450 mã lực của Porsche 911. Ngoài ra, Audi R8 cũng được trang bị nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp hơn, như hệ thống âm thanh Bang & Olufsen và hệ thống giải trí trung tâm MMI Navigation Plus. 5.2. So sánh với Lamborghini Huracan Lamborghini Huracan cũng là một trong những đối thủ cạnh tranh nặng ký của Audi R8. Cả hai chiếc xe đều có thiết kế thể thao và mạnh mẽ, tuy nhiên, Audi R8 có thiết kế hiện đại và sang trọng hơn so với Lamborghini Huracan. Audi R8 cũng được trang bị động cơ V10 mạnh mẽ và nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp hơn so với Lamborghini Huracan. 5.3. So sánh với McLaren 570S McLaren 570S là một trong những đối thủ cạnh tranh khác của Audi R8. Cả hai chiếc xe đều có thiết kế thể thao và mạnh mẽ, tuy nhiên, McLaren 570S có công suất mạnh hơn với 562 mã lực so với 610 mã lực của Audi R8 V10 Plus. Tuy nhiên, Audi R8 được trang bị nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp hơn so với McLaren 570S, như hệ thống giải trí trung tâm MMI Navigation Plus và hệ thống âm thanh cao cấp Bang & Olufsen. Tổng kết lại, Audi R8 là một chiếc xe thể thao cao cấp rất đáng để sở hữu với thiết kế hiện đại và sang trọng, động cơ mạnh mẽ và nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp. So với các đối thủ cạnh tranh như Porsche 911, Lamborghini Huracan và McLaren 570S, Audi R8 có những ưu điểm riêng biệt và sở hữu nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp hơn. Tuy nhiên, quyết định mua xe phù hợp vẫn phải dựa trên nhu cầu và sở thích cá nhân của từng người. 6. Kết luận 6.1. Tổng kết về dòng xe Audi R8 Audi R8 là một trong những dòng xe thể thao cao cấp hàng đầu trên thị trường hiện nay. Với thiết kế thể thao và sang trọng, động cơ V10 mạnh mẽ và nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp, Audi R8 đã thu hút sự quan tâm của nhiều người yêu xe trên toàn thế giới. Dòng xe này được đánh giá là có khả năng vận hành tốt, đáp ứng được nhu cầu lái xe thể thao và đem lại trải nghiệm tuyệt vời cho người lái. 6.2. Lựa chọn xe phù hợp với nhu cầu của mỗi người Việc chọn một chiếc xe phù hợp với nhu cầu và sở thích cá nhân là rất quan trọng. Nếu bạn đang tìm kiếm một chiếc xe thể thao cao cấp với thiết kế hiện đại và sang trọng, động cơ mạnh mẽ và nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp, thì Audi R8 là một sự lựa chọn tuyệt vời. 6.3. Tổng quan về giá cả và chất lượng của dòng xe này Giá của Audi R8 phụ thuộc vào từng phiên bản và thị trường, tuy nhiên, đây là một dòng xe có giá khá cao so với các dòng xe thông thường. Tuy nhiên, với những tính năng và trang bị cao cấp, chất lượng và độ bền của xe, giá cả của Audi R8 là xứng đáng và có thể giúp người sử dụng tiết kiệm được nhiều chi phí trong tương lai. Tổng kết lại, dòng xe Audi R8 là một sự lựa chọn tuyệt vời cho những người yêu thích xe thể thao cao cấp. Với thiết kế thể thao và sang trọng, động cơ mạnh mẽ và nhiều tính năng và trang bị cao cấp, Audi R8 là một trong những dòng xe thể thao cao cấp hàng đầu trên thị trường hiện nay. Nguồn: Tin Tức Xe Cộ   Read the full article
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pilferingapples · 4 years
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LM 1.2.4, LM 1.2.5
Again, only short observations on these this time around! 
LM 1.2.4 
- My favorite Alternate Happy Story Route for Valjean is that he takes the advice Myriel is so carefully giving him in this chapter and goes to become a grurin  in the dairies of Pontarlier. It's a really interesting description and I can totally imagine him healing and becoming part of the community there , esp. with Myriel's recommendation.  I always sort of wonder why that is not where he does go , though I have some theories..
I am a little ??? at them being described as "patriarchal and charming".  What connotations should I be taking from "patriarchal", here, besides the obvious  suggestion that the dairies are run/owned by the men of the family? Does it have some connotation like "family owned" does now, implying a sort of  old-fashioned craft and tradition? (Julie Rose does translate it as family -run , but the word in French is patriarcale for sure!)
- Myriel did manual labor during the Revolution! aaah there's so much ficbait for this guy! and I feel like his larger speech here really does imply that he and Baptistine stuck together through those years.  He would have been in his 50s then (and married, with his wife still alive!) , so she would have been in her 40s?  How long did they live there, how did they get to Italy afterwards? Was he a grurin?? or an ironworker? So many questions!
- Mlle Baptistine loaning Valjean her roebuck skin really makes me notice that every aspect of Valjean's physical  care and wellbeing is handled by the labor of the women.  Magloire of course is the housekeeper and so it's easy to pass it all off  as her job, but it still stands out to me--maybe especially because Magloire and/or Baptistine are missing in so many adaptations,and then who's making the meal here?  But also..IDK, it's resonating with me somehow that Valjean will always remember Myriel's spiritual guidance , but the women's work, like the women themselves, is invisible and largely forgotten. This isn't meant as a knock against Valjean! More like, this seems like  something that folds in with the rest of the book very well? That so much of the work that matters is forgotten, made invisible --facts history is made of, which history forgets. 
LM 1.2.5
- "I might be a murderer"--Again, Valjean's  trying to cast himself as so much worse than he is--to win respect, to test Myriel's resolve, because he's really afraid it's the truth? All of the above and more, I think. It feels so real and so deeply a part of him, this conflicted need to know he's not seen as The Worst while feeling that really, he  must  be, to challenge and argue with anyone who's giving him even the benefit of a doubt.  
-...all that said, it's nice to see someone in Les Mis getting some sleep for at least a little while XD 
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everyonewasabird · 4 years
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Brickclub 1.2.4 ‘Some account of the diaries [sic] of Pontarlier’ + 1.2.5 ‘Tranquility’
I think I’ve mentioned before how typo-ridden my copy of Wilbour is? The above is par for the course. It’s also got the old “Field of the Lake” (instead of “Lark”) chapter title, it misspells the first appearance of Grantaire’s name (”Grataire”), and I had to write a line about Prouvaire back in because it was missing. I have no idea how much it gets wrong on passages I haven’t basically memorized.
(This isn’t a Wilbour thing, I checked. It’s this edition.)
I tried to do FMA because of this, but it didn’t take
ANYWAY. Back to brickclub with some catchup!
1.2.4
The bishop’s cheese-lecture is very sweet. It’s one of the Character Decides To Ramble sections that have practical value and are thinking about the person listening, which is a very different feel from the rambles where someone just spills out everything in their head in a three-page paragraph.
And as Pilf said about this chapter, it’s fascinating that Valjean doesn’t follow his advice.
I suppose his errand in Pontarlier must have been official (rather than personal, because what is there personal that’s left to him?) and involved giving his name. After Myriel, he was done with his name, and as I’m thinking about it, he probably never goes to Pontarlier at all.
But also, why Montreuil-sur-Mer? It’s absurdly far. On modern highways (I just checked) it’s over 600 miles from Digne.
Possible thoughts:
He wanted to check Faverolles for his family, just in case, and when they weren’t there he just kept walking.
Paris would be a sensible place (the most sensible place!) to disappear in, and on the scale of distances we’re talking about, it’s not far from Faverolles. But the only big city of his life so far is Toulon, and maybe he couldn’t. Or maybe he thought his skills were more suited to more agricultural areas.
He’s also going to be less conspicuous in the north because of his accent.
But also... I wonder if he just wanted the farthest place from Toulon he could possibly get to. Montreuil really is about as far as he could have gotten, bar leaving France, for which he’d need a passport, or somewhere like Calais or other port cities, which--I would think--check passports more often. So instead he did a 600+ mile version of all his previous escapes from the Bagne.
1.2.5
It really struck me seeing Myriel actually use one of the candlesticks like it was a candlestick to light himself and Valjean to bed. This might be its last performance as a functional object rather than a Holy Symbol.
It feels like there’s something fundamental about Valjean’s character in this: of separating himself from Good Things that need to be held away from himself and worshiped. It’s fine when it’s a couple of candlestick or a trunk of clothes, I just wish he’d stop doing it to Cosette.
There’s also something about class here, I feel like: for Myriel and Baptistine, nice things are a pleasantly familiar indulgence that they’re running out of (like Baptistine’s note about the very nice goatskin from the Black Forest that ends with something like “pity it’s lost all its hair,” oh my heart.)
But for Valjean, these aren’t everyday objects, because he’s never handled anything like them. He’s alienated by these marks of wealth and always will be, even as he fills his houses with them for Cosette’s sake. I almost think it’s not just that he “doesn’t deserve” nice things--it’s that he’s uncomfortable and alienated around objects this expensive.
And goddammit, if he’d just accept that and raise his kid among furnishings that make him comfortable, everything would be better. But no, he’s just going to be Jean Valjean about it, see above about the unhealthy worship and placing Cosette on a pedestal.
Alas.
But it does begin to raise some of the ways he processes the bishop’s good deed in ways Myriel never intended, and that some of those were about class issues Myriel wasn’t fully cognizant of.
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fremedon · 4 years
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Brickclub, I.2.4-6
I have not had a lot of brain space this week, so my impressions of these chapters are pretty scattershot and I’m not going to try to seriously catch up.
--Why is Valjean’s journey to Pontarlier “compulsory”? I understand that he’s been given an itinerary that he can’t deviate from, but how much (if any) choice did he have in setting his destination? It’s in the foothills of the Alps--not Valjean’s part of the country, and not anyplace he has ties.
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meta-squash · 4 years
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Brick Club 1.2.4 “Some Facts About the Dairies of Pontarlier”
My favorite thing about this chapter is the Hugo-as-Baptistine-as-Hugo narrative style.
So, Valjean gets fed and makes a comment on the bishop’s poverty. The bishop then subtly reveals his actual status--both in the church and his family. He doesn’t outright say that he is more than just a cure, but he hints at it with “God is more than just.” He hints at his background by explaining that his family was ruined during the revolution and he had to go into a labor job; but he does name-drop a relative who was captain of the gates.
And I know it’s not supposed to be this way, but I always imagine Myriel telling Valjean about the cheesemakers in the same way that like old people talk and talk and talk to retail workers who can’t tell them to shut up or they’ll get in trouble. Anyway.
So Baptistine transcribes Myriel’s explanation of the fruitieries and the grurins and their labor, and then goes on to note that at no point so far has the bishop tried to preach to Valjean or give him moral advice, despite having a number of chances and reasons to do so. She wonders about this, and then realizes that it’s probably the bishop wanting to comfort Valjean and give him respite from his misery and keep him from thinking about his situation.
I think the little line about the people of Pontarlier being “happy because they are innocent”  is such a succinct little introduction to the way Hugo views happiness and unhappiness.
It’s also interesting that Myriel encourages “good” labor jobs. I’m wondering if he knows for sure that a place like Pontarlier would take Valjean in or if he’s just trying to make Valjean feel better as well as encouraging him to find an “honest path.” Considering the way Valjean was treated by other laborers on his way to Digne (the fishmonger, the wagon drivers, the foreman at Grasse), I don’t know whether the cheesemakers of Pontarlier would actually employ Valjean.
And I’m probably going about interpreting this with too much of a modern lens, but I’m gonna write it anyway, because I can see a connection to modern day.
Baptistine falls into the weird morality trap that I feel like a lot of centrist or neoliberal types tend to fall into in present day when talking about people who have been victims of the prison system and/or have returned from being incarcerated for a longer period of time, or who are in other, similar situations. And that is, belittling or dehumanizing someone while simultaneously attempting or intending to be compassionate or kind. Baptistine says:
“He undoubtedly thought that this man, called Jean Valjean, had his misery all too constantly in his mind, that it was better to make him think of other things, and have him believe, if only for a moment, that he was a person like anyone else, by treating him in this normal way. Isn’t this a true understanding of charity? Isn’t there, dear lady, something truly evangelical in this tact, which refrains from sermonizing, moralizing, and making allusions? Isn’t it most sympathetic, when a man has a bruise, not to touch it at all?”
I think this shows the difference between Myriel and Baptistine. The bishop is treating Valjean like a person because he is a person, just like anyone else. Despite the brief mention in the last chapter of the choice between hatred or good will, at no point does Myriel treat Valjean as anything but a regular man. This is further illustrated when Mother Gerbaud enters, and we see him treat her with a similar respect as he is treating Valjean.
Baptistine, on the other hand, gets caught in that trap that we still see today. She unintentionally frames herself as “above” Valjean, and frames Valjean as not really being a person. Just because he has to adjust to life outside of prison for the first time in almost 20 years, doesn’t mean he’s not a person. Yet again, Hugo being unfortunately relevant in present day. I think it’s the use of the word “believe.”
Baptistine gets the idea but comes at it from the wrong angle. It’s not about him believing he’s a person--he is a person--it’s about him not having to think about his pain and trauma that dehumanized him in the first place. Which seems to be the angle Myriel is coming from, Baptistine just isn’t interpreting it well.
It reminds me of something I hear a lot from neoliberal type people when they talk about helping unhoused people or people who have just gotten out of prison and things like that. As in, they acknowledge the person needs and deserves help, but that “help” comes with parameters and restrictions set up by those in more privileged positions. Giving houseless people a sandwich instead of money because you want to help them but don’t want them “spending it on drugs”--thereby taking their autonomy away in the process, because it’s their decision how they spend money given to them, and they should be able to choose. Or like NIMBY types who say they like the idea of helping the homeless but “not around here.” Acknowledging that someone needs help, but then refusing to show them respect, or unintentionally being disrespectful or dehumanizing out of ignorance. Again, I’m pretty sure that’s not what Hugo is showing but I’m making the modernized connection anyway.
I do like the little interlude with Mother Gerbaud; it illustrates to the reader and to Valjean and the bishop treats everyone like this. He’s not giving Valjean special treatment nor is he pitying him. He’s simply doing what he would do for any of his parishioners.
Basically, we’re getting a look at Myriel’s goodness from a (sort of) outsider perspective, as well as an outsider look at Valjean, though Baptistine is more focused on her brother than the stranger. It seems like talk of honest labor is a more subtle way for Myriel to preach. By the power of gentle suggestion, he encourages keeping to the “straight and narrow” rather than by proselytizing.
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secretmellowblog · 1 year
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You’ve heard of cheesy Les Mis coffee shop aus
Now get ready for
Cheesy Les Mis “Valjean joins the Pontarlier Cheese Commune” aus
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linhgd9 · 3 years
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Corded Work Light Market Development Factors and Investment Analysis by Leading Manufacturers| SCANGRIP, Bayco Products, Streamlight
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Table of Contents
1 Study Coverage 1.1 Corded Work Light Product Introduction 1.2 Market by Type 1.2.1 Global Corded Work Light Market Size Growth Rate by Type 1.2.2 Below 500 lm 1.2.3 From 500 to 2000 lm 1.2.4 Above 2000 lm 1.3 Market by Application 1.3.1 Global Corded Work Light Market Size Growth Rate by Application 1.3.2 Industrial 1.3.3 Constructional 1.3.4 Repair Shop 1.3.5 Others 1.4 Study Objectives 1.5 Years Considered
2 Global Corded Work Light Production 2.1 Global Corded Work Light Production Capacity (2016-2027) 2.2 Global Corded Work Light Production by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 2.3 Global Corded Work Light Production by Region 2.3.1 Global Corded Work Light Historic Production by Region (2016-2021) 2.3.2 Global Corded Work Light Forecasted Production by Region (2022-2027) 2.4 North America 2.5 Europe 2.6 China 2.7 Japan
3 Global Corded Work Light Sales in Volume & Value Estimates and Forecasts 3.1 Global Corded Work Light Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2016-2027 3.2 Global Corded Work Light Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2016-2027 3.3 Global Corded Work Light Revenue by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 3.4 Global Top Corded Work Light Regions by Sales 3.4.1 Global Top Corded Work Light Regions by Sales (2016-2021) 3.4.2 Global Top Corded Work Light Regions by Sales (2022-2027) 3.5 Global Top Corded Work Light Regions by Revenue 3.5.1 Global Top Corded Work Light Regions by Revenue (2016-2021) 3.5.2 Global Top Corded Work Light Regions by Revenue (2022-2027) 3.6 North America 3.7 Europe 3.8 Asia-Pacific 3.9 Latin America 3.10 Middle East & Africa
4 Competition by Manufactures 4.1 Global Corded Work Light Production Capacity by Manufacturers 4.2 Global Corded Work Light Sales by Manufacturers 4.2.1 Global Top Corded Work Light Manufacturers by Sales (2016-2021) 4.2.2 Global Top Corded Work Light Manufacturers Market Share by Sales (2016-2021) 4.2.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Corded Work Light Sales in 2020 4.3 Global Corded Work Light Revenue by Manufacturers 4.3.1 Global Top Corded Work Light Manufacturers by Revenue (2016-2021) 4.3.2 Global Top Corded Work Light Manufacturers Market Share by Revenue (2016-2021) 4.3.3 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Corded Work Light Revenue in 2020 4.4 Global Corded Work Light Sales Price by Manufacturers 4.5 Analysis of Competitive Landscape 4.5.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) 4.5.2 Global Corded Work Light Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 4.5.3 Global Corded Work Light Manufacturers Geographical Distribution 4.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5 Market Size by Type 5.1 Global Corded Work Light Sales by Type 5.1.1 Global Corded Work Light Historical Sales by Type (2016-2021) 5.1.2 Global Corded Work Light Forecasted Sales by Type (2022-2027) 5.1.3 Global Corded Work Light Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2027) 5.2 Global Corded Work Light Revenue by Type 5.2.1 Global Corded Work Light Historical Revenue by Type (2016-2021) 5.2.2 Global Corded Work Light Forecasted Revenue by Type (2022-2027) 5.2.3 Global Corded Work Light Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2027) 5.3 Global Corded Work Light Price by Type 5.3.1 Global Corded Work Light Price by Type (2016-2021) 5.3.2 Global Corded Work Light Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
6 Market Size by Application 6.1 Global Corded Work Light Sales by Application 6.1.1 Global Corded Work Light Historical Sales by Application (2016-2021) 6.1.2 Global Corded Work Light Forecasted Sales by Application (2022-2027) 6.1.3 Global Corded Work Light Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2027) 6.2 Global Corded Work Light Revenue by Application 6.2.1 Global Corded Work Light Historical Revenue by Application (2016-2021) 6.2.2 Global Corded Work Light Forecasted Revenue by Application (2022-2027) 6.2.3 Global Corded Work Light Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2027) 6.3 Global Corded Work Light Price by Application 6.3.1 Global Corded Work Light Price by Application (2016-2021) 6.3.2 Global Corded Work Light Price Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7 North America 7.1 North America Corded Work Light Market Size by Type 7.1.1 North America Corded Work Light Sales by Type (2016-2027) 7.1.2 North America Corded Work Light Revenue by Type (2016-2027) 7.2 North America Corded Work Light Market Size by Application 7.2.1 North America Corded Work Light Sales by Application (2016-2027) 7.2.2 North America Corded Work Light Revenue by Application (2016-2027) 7.3 North America Corded Work Light Sales by Country 7.3.1 North America Corded Work Light Sales by Country (2016-2027) 7.3.2 North America Corded Work Light Revenue by Country (2016-2027) 7.3.3 United States 7.3.4 Canada
8 Europe 8.1 Europe Corded Work Light Market Size by Type 8.1.1 Europe Corded Work Light Sales by Type (2016-2027) 8.1.2 Europe Corded Work Light Revenue by Type (2016-2027) 8.2 Europe Corded Work Light Market Size by Application 8.2.1 Europe Corded Work Light Sales by Application (2016-2027) 8.2.2 Europe Corded Work Light Revenue by Application (2016-2027) 8.3 Europe Corded Work Light Sales by Country 8.3.1 Europe Corded Work Light Sales by Country (2016-2027) 8.3.2 Europe Corded Work Light Revenue by Country (2016-2027) 8.3.3 Germany 8.3.4 France 8.3.5 U.K. 8.3.6 Italy 8.3.7 Russia
9 Asia Pacific 9.1 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Market Size by Type 9.1.1 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Sales by Type (2016-2027) 9.1.2 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Revenue by Type (2016-2027) 9.2 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Market Size by Application 9.2.1 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Sales by Application (2016-2027) 9.2.2 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Revenue by Application (2016-2027) 9.3 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Sales by Region 9.3.1 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Sales by Region (2016-2027) 9.3.2 Asia Pacific Corded Work Light Revenue by Region (2016-2027) 9.3.3 China 9.3.4 Japan 9.3.5 South Korea 9.3.6 India 9.3.7 Australia 9.3.8 China Taiwan 9.3.9 Indonesia 9.3.10 Thailand 9.3.11 Malaysia
10 Latin America 10.1 Latin America Corded Work Light Market Size by Type 10.1.1 Latin America Corded Work Light Sales by Type (2016-2027) 10.1.2 Latin America Corded Work Light Revenue by Type (2016-2027) 10.2 Latin America Corded Work Light Market Size by Application 10.2.1 Latin America Corded Work Light Sales by Application (2016-2027) 10.2.2 Latin America Corded Work Light Revenue by Application (2016-2027) 10.3 Latin America Corded Work Light Sales by Country 10.3.1 Latin America Corded Work Light Sales by Country (2016-2027) 10.3.2 Latin America Corded Work Light Revenue by Country (2016-2027) 10.3.3 Mexico 10.3.4 Brazil 10.3.5 Argentina 10.3.6 Colombia
11 Middle East and Africa 11.1 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Market Size by Type 11.1.1 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Sales by Type (2016-2027) 11.1.2 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Revenue by Type (2016-2027) 11.2 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Market Size by Application 11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Sales by Application (2016-2027) 11.2.2 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Revenue by Application (2016-2027) 11.3 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Sales by Country 11.3.1 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Sales by Country (2016-2027) 11.3.2 Middle East and Africa Corded Work Light Revenue by Country (2016-2027) 11.3.3 Turkey 11.3.4 Saudi Arabia 11.3.5 UAE
12 Corporate Profiles 12.1 SCANGRIP 12.1.1 SCANGRIP Corporation Information 12.1.2 SCANGRIP Overview 12.1.3 SCANGRIP Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.1.4 SCANGRIP Corded Work Light Product Description 12.1.5 SCANGRIP Recent Developments 12.2 Bayco Products 12.2.1 Bayco Products Corporation Information 12.2.2 Bayco Products Overview 12.2.3 Bayco Products Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.2.4 Bayco Products Corded Work Light Product Description 12.2.5 Bayco Products Recent Developments 12.3 Streamlight 12.3.1 Streamlight Corporation Information 12.3.2 Streamlight Overview 12.3.3 Streamlight Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.3.4 Streamlight Corded Work Light Product Description 12.3.5 Streamlight Recent Developments 12.4 Makita 12.4.1 Makita Corporation Information 12.4.2 Makita Overview 12.4.3 Makita Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.4.4 Makita Corded Work Light Product Description 12.4.5 Makita Recent Developments 12.5 Stanley Black & Decker 12.5.1 Stanley Black & Decker Corporation Information 12.5.2 Stanley Black & Decker Overview 12.5.3 Stanley Black & Decker Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.5.4 Stanley Black & Decker Corded Work Light Product Description 12.5.5 Stanley Black & Decker Recent Developments 12.6 BRENNENSTUHL 12.6.1 BRENNENSTUHL Corporation Information 12.6.2 BRENNENSTUHL Overview 12.6.3 BRENNENSTUHL Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.6.4 BRENNENSTUHL Corded Work Light Product Description 12.6.5 BRENNENSTUHL Recent Developments 12.7 Snap-on Incorporated 12.7.1 Snap-on Incorporated Corporation Information 12.7.2 Snap-on Incorporated Overview 12.7.3 Snap-on Incorporated Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.7.4 Snap-on Incorporated Corded Work Light Product Description 12.7.5 Snap-on Incorporated Recent Developments 12.8 SONLUX 12.8.1 SONLUX Corporation Information 12.8.2 SONLUX Overview 12.8.3 SONLUX Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.8.4 SONLUX Corded Work Light Product Description 12.8.5 SONLUX Recent Developments 12.9 Philips 12.9.1 Philips Corporation Information 12.9.2 Philips Overview 12.9.3 Philips Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.9.4 Philips Corded Work Light Product Description 12.9.5 Philips Recent Developments 12.10 Luceco 12.10.1 Luceco Corporation Information 12.10.2 Luceco Overview 12.10.3 Luceco Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.10.4 Luceco Corded Work Light Product Description 12.10.5 Luceco Recent Developments 12.11 METABO 12.11.1 METABO Corporation Information 12.11.2 METABO Overview 12.11.3 METABO Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.11.4 METABO Corded Work Light Product Description 12.11.5 METABO Recent Developments 12.12 BOSCH 12.12.1 BOSCH Corporation Information 12.12.2 BOSCH Overview 12.12.3 BOSCH Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.12.4 BOSCH Corded Work Light Product Description 12.12.5 BOSCH Recent Developments 12.13 PANASONIC 12.13.1 PANASONIC Corporation Information 12.13.2 PANASONIC Overview 12.13.3 PANASONIC Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.13.4 PANASONIC Corded Work Light Product Description 12.13.5 PANASONIC Recent Developments 12.14 Lena Lighting S.A. 12.14.1 Lena Lighting S.A. Corporation Information 12.14.2 Lena Lighting S.A. Overview 12.14.3 Lena Lighting S.A. Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.14.4 Lena Lighting S.A. Corded Work Light Product Description 12.14.5 Lena Lighting S.A. Recent Developments 12.15 FSL 12.15.1 FSL Corporation Information 12.15.2 FSL Overview 12.15.3 FSL Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.15.4 FSL Corded Work Light Product Description 12.15.5 FSL Recent Developments 12.16 EZRED 12.16.1 EZRED Corporation Information 12.16.2 EZRED Overview 12.16.3 EZRED Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.16.4 EZRED Corded Work Light Product Description 12.16.5 EZRED Recent Developments 12.17 Ericson Manufacturing 12.17.1 Ericson Manufacturing Corporation Information 12.17.2 Ericson Manufacturing Overview 12.17.3 Ericson Manufacturing Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.17.4 Ericson Manufacturing Corded Work Light Product Description 12.17.5 Ericson Manufacturing Recent Developments 12.18 WORX 12.18.1 WORX Corporation Information 12.18.2 WORX Overview 12.18.3 WORX Corded Work Light Sales, Price, Revenue and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 12.18.4 WORX Corded Work Light Product Description 12.18.5 WORX Recent Developments
13 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis 13.1 Corded Work Light Industry Chain Analysis 13.2 Corded Work Light Key Raw Materials 13.2.1 Key Raw Materials 13.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers 13.3 Corded Work Light Production Mode & Process 13.4 Corded Work Light Sales and Marketing 13.4.1 Corded Work Light Sales Channels 13.4.2 Corded Work Light Distributors 13.5 Corded Work Light Customers
14 Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Risks Factors Analysis 14.1 Corded Work Light Industry Trends 14.2 Corded Work Light Market Drivers 14.3 Corded Work Light Market Challenges 14.4 Corded Work Light Market Restraints
15 Key Finding in The Global Corded Work Light Study 16 Appendix 16.1 Research Methodology 16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 16.1.2 Data Source 16.2 Author Details 16.3 Disclaimer
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dolphin1812 · 1 year
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I think it’s fascinating that today’s chapter is basically all from Mlle Baptistine’s point of view - not just because it’s a letter from her (I love how this novel is treated like a historical work, so I’m always happy to see the use of documents), but because we’re already seeing Valjean from another person’s perspective. @secretmellowblog has written a wonderful post about how for much of the novel, we’re seeing Valjean as a “mysterious stranger” from the perspective of others. Here, we know who he is, but everything about him is filtered through Baptistine’s thoughts. While it’s true that most of the chapter is just a recording of the conversation at the table, it’s also significant that Baptistine is the one narrating because, since she’s so close to the bishop, her influence shifts the focus from Valjean to him and to his charity. We learn, for instance, that he’s offering Valjean the good wine that he won’t drink himself, highlighting the extent of his hospitality. ("My brother made him drink that good Mauves wine, which he does not drink himself, because he says that wine is expensive.”). She also speculates on the bishop’s thought process, such as when he praises the “innocence” of the people of Pontarlier and then hesitates, likely trying to avoid reminding Valjean of his crime. She stresses that the bishop is behaving as he would on any other night as well, illustrating that he really is treating him as an equal (”he supped with this Jean Valjean with the same air and in the same manner in which he would have supped with M. Gédéon le Prévost, or with the curate of the parish”). 
On the one hand, Baptistine’s narration is important because Valjean doesn’t know these details, and the bishop wouldn’t point them out; it feels more organic to learn them from her than from an omniscient narrator following characters who would not know or would not care to mention these things. At the same time, we’ve basically only had two chapters with Valjean now, one where we follow him as a stranger and another where he enters the bishop’s home. While he’s centered as a stranger, here, when we know his identity, he’s in the background, being used to highlight the bishop’s compassion (and Baptistine’s, as she gives him a blanket). Even as the protagonist, he’s so often a lens or an object through which to view others or different phenomena instead.
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tintucxeco · 1 year
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reporthive-blog · 7 years
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Global Mobile Mapping Market Size, Status and Forecast 2022
This report studies the global Mobile Mapping market, analyzes and researches the Mobile Mapping development status and forecast in United States, EU, Japan, China, India and Southeast Asia.
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This report focuses on the top players in global market, like Apple Inc. Google Inc. Qualcomm Inc. Microsoft Corporation Tomtom NV OSI Geospatial Inc. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Garmin International Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson Leica Geosystems Inc.
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Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report covers United States EU Japan China India Southeast Asia
Market segment by Type, the product can be split into Location based Services Indoor Mapping 3D Mapping Support Services
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1 Industry Overview of Mobile Mapping 1.1 Mobile Mapping Market Overview 1.1.1 Mobile Mapping Product Scope 1.1.2 Market Status and Outlook 1.2 Global Mobile Mapping Market Size and Analysis by Regions 1.2.1 United States 1.2.2 EU 1.2.3 Japan 1.2.4 China 1.2.5 India 1.2.6 Southeast Asia 1.3 Mobile Mapping Market by Type 1.3.1 Location based Services 1.3.2 Indoor Mapping 1.3.3 3D Mapping 1.3.4 Support Services 1.4 Mobile Mapping Market by End Users/Application 1.4.1 BFSI 1.4.2 Telecommunications 1.4.3 Energy and Utility 1.4.4 Oil and Gas 1.4.5 Healthcare 1.4.6 Government 1.4.7 Travel and Hospitality
2 Global Mobile Mapping Competition Analysis by Players 2.1 Mobile Mapping Market Size (Value) by Players (2016 and 2017) 2.2 Competitive Status and Trend 2.2.1 Market Concentration Rate 2.2.2 Product/Service Differences 2.2.3 New Entrants 2.2.4 The Technology Trends in Future
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