#louis in mexico and harry in scotland

[larrylimericks]

11Jun22

Zouis Edition A Zouis exchange left us gassed: A like on Zayn’s high note was cast! And Lou’s mind was blown When Away From Home Sold 17K out mad fast!

Greenbluey Edition Yet more green and blue has us balking. Lou wrapped in green S’s?! We’re squawking. While H made a show Of blue in Glasgow … But maybe that’s just the mold talking.

[silylilboi]

What I would do with the sides if I wrote them in different AUs

Or the sides (plus occasionally Remy, Emile, and Thomas) in different situations and other random things because I’m bored again.

Hamilton

Logan as Hamilton

Patton as Eliza

Roman as Angelica

Virgil as Laurens

Janus as Burr

Remus as Maria Reynolds

Thomas as Peggy

Remy as Mulligan

Emile as Lafayette

Harry Potter

Logan as Hermione

Patton as Ron/Neville

Roman as Harry/Fred or George

Virgil as Neville/Draco

Janus as Draco

Remus as Fred or George/Crabbe or Goyle

Remy as Lee

Emile as Cedric

Thomas as ??? (I have no idea. Let me know who you think he would be)

Gravity Falls

Logan as Dipper

Patton as Mable

Roman as Pacifica/Wendy/one of the two cops (idr their names)

Virgil as ??? (I couldn't think of someone)

Janus as Bill (duh. Basically the same person tbh)

Remus as Stan/Old Man McGucket (was that his name? It's been awhile since I've watched it. Sorry)

Remy as Wendy/Pacifica

Emile as Soos

Thomas as ??? (Couldn't think of one for him either)

Beauty and the Beast

Logan as Belle

Patton as Mrs. Potts/Maurice

Roman as Gaston

Virgil as Lefou

Janus as a mix of Lumier and Clogsworth

Remus as the Beast

Remy as ???

Emile as Maurice/Chip

Thomas as Chip

Aladdin

Logan as the sultan

Patton as Genie

Roman as Aladdin

Virgil as Jasmine

Janus as Jafar

Remus as Iago

Remy as Abu

Emile as Carpet

Thomas as ???

The Little Mermaid

Logan as Sebastian/Grimsby/King Triton

Patton as Ariel

Roman as one of the sisters/King Triton/Flottsum or Jettsum (how do you spell their names? One of the eels is what I'm talking about)

Virgil as Flounder

Janus as Eric

Remus as Chef Louis/Ursula/Scuttle/Flottsum or Jettsum

Remy as Ursula/Flottsum or Jettsum

Emile as Max(?)(I don't really know)

Thomas as King Triton

Princess and the Frog

Logan as Tiana/Evangeline

Patton as Ray/Louis

Roman as Naveen/Lottie/Louis

Virgil as Tiana

Janus as Dr. Facilier

Remus as Lawrence

Remy as Lottie/Naveen

Emile as Mama Odie/Ray

Thomas as Louis/Lottie's Dad

Cinderella

Logan as Lady Tremaine/Prince Charming/the king/the royal advisor

Patton as Cinderella/the king/Gus Gus

Roman as one of the step sisters/Prince Charming/Fairy Godmother/Jacque

Virgil as Fairy Godmother/the royal advisor

Janus as Lady Tremaine

Remus as one of the step sisters

Remy as one of the step sisters

Emile as Cinderella/the king/Gus Gus

Thomas as the king/Jacque/Gus Gus

My Little Pony

Logan as Twilight Sparkle

Patton as Pinky Pie/Fluttershy

Roman as Rarity/Rainbow Dash

Virgil as Fluttershy

Janus as ???

Remus as ???

Remy as Rarity

Emile as Fluttershy/AppleJack

Thomas as Spike

Hogwarts Houses (where I would place everyone)

Logan in Ravenclaw/Gryffindor

Patton in Hufflepuff/Gryffindor

Roman in Gryffindor/Slytherin

Virgil in Hufflepuff/Ravenclaw

Janus is Slytherin/Ravenclaw

Remus in Gryffindor

Remy in Gryffindor/Slytherin

Emile in Hufflepuff/Ravenclaw

Thomas in Hufflepuff

Which country they would be from (if they weren't from the US)

Logan from France

Patton from Australia (just a slight accent though. Just enough to tell where he is from. And no, he does not kill the freakishly large spiders there. And yes, he does still hate spiders.)

Roman from Spain/Mexico

Virgil from Scotland/Ireland

Janus from France/the UK

Remus from Germany

Remy from Brazil

Emile from Italy

Thomas from Italy/Brazil

Highschool Cliques

Logan as a nerd

Patton as one of the nice, lesser known popular kids/theatre kids

Roman as a theatre kid/jock

Virgil as one of the loners

Janus as a loner/popular/smart kids

Remus as a theatre kid/jock

Remy as a popular kid

Emile as one of the nice,lesser known popular kids

Thomas as a theatre kid

What everyone's sexuality/gender identity would be in a human AU

Logan would be a biromantic Demisexual male, he/him

Patton would be a pansexual male, he/him

Roman would be a gay trans male, he/him

Virgil would be a Non-binary bisexual, they/them

Janus would be a gender fluid bisexual, any pronouns

Remus would be a gay trans male, he/him

Remy would be an omnisexual male, he/him

Emile would be a pan romantic gender fluid, pronouns depend on the day

Thomas would be a gay male, he/him pronouns

Which store they would go to in the mall

Logan would go to the mall just to keep an eye on the others

Patton would go to Box Lunch/Old Navy/Bath & Body Works/Build-a-Bear

Roman would go to Box Lunch/Build-a-Bear

Virgil would go to Hot Topic

Janus would go to Spencers/Hot Topic

Remus would go to Spencers

Remy would go to Starbucks

Emile would go to Box Lunch/Build-a-Bear/Bath & Body Works

Thomas would go to Box Lunch/Build-a-Bear

Dr. Dolittle (the one with RDJ)

Logan as Dr. Dolittle

Patton as Lily Dolittle

Roman as Lady Rose

Virgil as Stubbins (there's just a lot of parallels between Stubbins' arc in the movie and Virgil being accepted as a light side in the series)

Janus as Lord Badgely

Remus as Müdfly

Jurassic World, including other movies (both people/dinosaurs)

Logan as Dr. Wu/Claire/Blue

Patton as Grey (I think that’s how his name is spelled)/ankylosaurus

Roman as Owen/T-Rex

Virgil as Zach/Delta(smart but also the first one to die)

Janus as Dr. Wu/the main bad guy from the second movie(can't remember his name for the life of me)/Indoraptor

Remus as Hoskins/Allosaurus(mainly for the split second it get hit in the face with a boulder)

Big Hero Six

Logan as Tadashi

Patton as Honey Lemon/Callahan(if I do write this AU he would be the villain)

Roman as Wasabi

Virgil as Go-Go

Janus as Hiro

Remus as Fred

The Hunchback of Notre Dame

Logan as one of the gargoyles

Patton as one of the gargoyles

Roman as Phoebus

Virgil as Esmerelda

Janus as Quasimodo

Remus as the jester who tells the story(and maybe as Frollo? I don't really know)

[louiseyesinsky]

AUGUST 2019 TIMELINE

01: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / LTHQ on social / Gucci Mémoire d'une Odeur campaign Harry’s written interview for Dazed Digital HSHQ on social

02: Louis MIA / Harry on a flight to Cancun (Mexico) / Louis on instagram  X / Harry for Guccibeauty Harry on twitter HSHQ on social

03: Louis in Doncaster celebrating Lottie bday / Harry in Cancun filming his mv (pap pics article) / Louis on twitter / Harry on instagram on twitter

04: Louis MIA / Harry MIA

05: Louis in Heathrow airport to LA (rumor) / Harry MIA

06: Louis MIA / Harry leaving Cancun to Philadelphia at a dinner and then leaving Philadelphia / Louis’ on youtube

07: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / Harry on instagram

08: Louis MIA / Harry in Scotland filming his mv (pap pics)

09: Louis MIA / Harry in Scotland filming his mv / LTHQ on social

10: Louis MIA / Harry in Scotland filming his mv

11: Louis in LA at the TCAs 2019 / Harry MIA / Louis on twitter  X

12: Louis MIA / Harry arriving in London (pap pics) / Louis on twitter LTHQ on social

13: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / LTHQ on social

14: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / Louis on instagram LTHQ on social

15: Louis MIA / Harry MIA (video in London but we don’t know the exact date)

16: Louis MIA / Harry in London (pap pics)

17: Louis MIA / Harry in London at Ariana Grande’s concert with Adam his wife and Mitch

18: Louis MIA / Harry in London at a pub  / Harry on instagram

19: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / Harry on instagram / (Briana on insta)

20: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / Harry on twitter / (Briana on insta)

21: Louis MIA / Harry MIA

22: Louis MIA / Harry in Manchester with Max Martin at the musical rehearsal of Juliet / LTHQ on social  X Louis on twitter  X

23: Louis MIA / Harry in London (pap pics) and the night with fans

24: Louis MIA / Harry MIA (rumor in London) / (Briana un-archived pics of F)

25: Louis MIA / Harry in London at a restaurant

26: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / Harry on twitter HSHQ on social  X Harry’s RS article

27: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / Louis’ song Kill My Mind is registred on APRA, Pre-save KMM (it was no available) Louis on twitter  X  X on Spotify LTHQ promo on social / Harry on twitter

28: Louis in Heathrow airport with beard apparently arriving from Ibiza (pap pics DM article) / Harry MIA / Harry on inst stories (deleted) / (Louis’ contest to win the participation in the KMM mv)

29: Louis MIA / Harry MIA / (KMM will be out on 5th September) Louis on inst  inst stories on twitter X X  X LTHQ promo on social Pre-save KMM on Spotify KMM newsletter / Harry’s RS article Spotify playlist

30: Louis in London filming KMM mv with fans / Harry MIA / Harry on twitter / Louis on inst stories LTHQ on social , 28 playlist changed in KMM - Influences playlist

31: Louis filming KMM mv and then at Cirque le Soir with friend and beard / Harry in Bolsena (Italy) (pap pics) / Harry on instagram  twitter

[wosouswntpride]

In an attempt to itemize the positive aspects of being removed from the United States women's national team from August 2017 through March 2019, Ali Krieger mentioned she was able to spend more time with her dog. Twice.

Yes, dogs are awesome, but those were two long years.

Krieger was a world champion, started every game in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup and was on the field for all but 10 minutes. She had appeared 98 times for the U.S. and been a stabilizing force at right back. She was still a top player in the National Women's Soccer League. She was 32 years old, reaching the final stage of her career, but nowhere near finished. And the phone did not ring.

Until it did. She was called into the team in April for a couple of friendlies and made her 99th career appearance as a starter against Belgium, playing 90 minutes in a comfortable U.S. victory. She then became one of the surprising inclusions in coach Jill Ellis' 23-player roster for the 2019 World Cup.

As the team prepared for that tournament in its three-game Send-Off Series, Krieger then joined 37 other American women - and 274 in the history of world soccer - to reach 100 caps by entering as a substitute last Thursday in a 5-0 victory against New Zealand at Busch Stadium in St. Louis.

"It was really hard for me to not have a reason and then go through a two-year period without a lot of communication and just kind of, I guess, start thinking about the next steps," Krieger told reporters following the New Zealand game. "When you play at this level for a certain amount of time, then you have to shift gears a little bit without really knowing … and keeping it in the back of your mind because I always thought, the door is still cracked, and I can't lose hope with that."

Krieger, now 34, could have taken that silence as a suggestion it was time to focus on her club career with the Orlando Pride and, perhaps, what she'll want to be doing when she finishes playing for good.

She almost certainly will become a coach, having spent part of the past offseason earning the U.S. Soccer "C" license. She started a string of soccer camps last year under the label AKFC (Ali Krieger Football Camps). She is engaged to Ashlyn Harris, a goalkeeper for Orlando who serves as a backup to starter Alyssa Naeher with the USWNT.

The next chapters will come soon enough, though. Krieger was convinced she still could help the national team.

"I know how good I am, and I know my value, and I don't think anyone's going to tell me what my value is. Because I already know that," Krieger said. "I think I just needed to keep that in mind, keep training to my ability because no matter what, I'm always going to be who I am both on and off the field. And that's always taking the high road and busting my ass every single day.

"I had a very good season in the NWSL and felt very confident. I hired coaches in the offseason … and I really went every single day - and not many people saw, except the closest ones to me - and got up every single day and trained my ass off. Just wanted to stay ready."

Krieger always has been a popular player with her teammates. In 2012, when Krieger might have been at the peak of her performance, she tore an ACL in advance of the Olympic Games and was unable to participate. The national team played Colombia in its second group match in Scotland on what happened to be Krieger's birthday.

According to Caitlin Murray's book, "The National Team," winger Megan Rapinoe celebrated a goal by pulling a banner from her sock that said, "Happy B-Day Kreigy." Earlier, during the Olympic qualifying tournament, the entire team had stenciled "Liebe" - the German word for love - on the inside of their forearms, identical to a tattoo Krieger has.

"Players were constantly texting me, even if I wasn't in camp," Krieger said. "I would be wishing them luck, and they're always checking in on me, which meant the world. I try not to get emotional, because it was a really tough two years. I'm not going to lie. But without their support, I wouldn't be standing here."

Krieger may not have an enormous role for this team. Honestly, most everyone probably would prefer she isn't needed. Kelley O'Hara is the starter at right back, four years younger and closer to her peak as a player. O'Hara is also coming off a nagging ankle injury that vexed her for too long. She was sharp in the New Zealand game, though, playing 60 minutes before giving way to Krieger for the 100th cap.

"I always think of this quote - that everything will be OK in the end; if it's not OK, then it's not the end," Krieger said. "I was able to get to a point where I said, 'Look, if she needs me and the team needs me, I will be there, and I'll show up because I love my country and I love this team and the coaching staff and I'll do anything in my power to help this team win.'

"But if not, I will be front row and center cheering them on, either in France having a croissant and some wine, or being on the field or on the bench cheering the loudest that I can cheer."

The United States has one more game before departing for France, Sunday against Mexico at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, N.J. The team will open the World Cup against Thailand in Reims on June 11. Whether or not she plays, Krieger will remain an inspiration for her teammates.

"It was extremely hard for her, but her professionalism and just staying ready was keeping her in a position to get back to making the World Cup team," Rapinoe told reporters after the New Zealand game. "The league is growing, but to go from the national team to only playing in the league, it's very difficult to keep that same drive and passion and level of fitness. To keep her game where it is, is extremely difficult.

"I don't know how she did it."

[1baddmouthcrown]

1900 Booker T. Washington founds the National Negro Business League.

Washington publishes his first autobiography The Story of my life and work editor of the New York Age Timothy Thomas Fortune.

October Washington invited for dinner at the White House by President Theodore Rosevelt.

Du Bois attends the First Pan-African Conference in London drafts letter ”Address to the Nations of the World” to the European heads of states. 

Seay becomes certificate as an educator teaches in Mayan village of Xcalak in Mexico.

1901 Garvey becomes apprentice to printer Alfred ‘Cap’ Burrowes in his native parish of Saint Ann.

W.E. B. DuBois with his wife Nina and daughter Yolande ca. 1901

Washington publishes his autobiography Up From Slavery.

Washington recieves honorary decorate from Dartmouth College.

1903 Du Bois publishes his 14 essay book The Souls of Black Folk.

1904 Garvey relocates from his native parish of Saint Ann 25 miles away to Alfred Borrows branch in Port Maria, Saint Mary.

1905 Garvey moves to Smith Village, Kingston at 13 Pink Lane in begins working for P. A. Benjamin and exceeds to the position of foreman.

Booker Washington and Theodore Roosevelt at Tuskegee Institute, 1905.

December Du Bois buys printing press and publishes Moon Illustrated Weekly.

1906 January 23 Washington giving a speech at Tuskegee Institute Silver Anniversary Lecture Carnegie Hall in New York City.

Du Bois and American Civil Rights activists meet in Canada write declaration opposing Washington's Atlanta Compromise and form the Niagara Movement.

August Second Niagara conference West Virginia Harpers Ferry John Brown raid.

September Atlanta riots 10 thousand whites, 25 deaths.

Du Bois publishes his “A Litany at Atlanta” essay.  

1907 Hubert Harrison begins working at the United States Post Office.

Garvey elected vice president of the compositors branch of the Kingston Typographical Union.

Du Bois publishes The Horizon: A Journal of the Color Line. 

Philadelphia Quaker Anna T Jeanes donates one milion dollars to Booker T washington.

1908 November 28 Garvey participates in Jamaica Print worker strike.

18 March Garveys Mother Sarah Richards passes away at age 56.

1909 Washington tours southern Virginia and West Virginia. 

May Du Bois attends the First National Negro Conference in New York where National Negro Committee is created chaired by Oswald Villard. 

Orientalist Dr. Carl Bezold publishes his edition of the Book of the Glory of Kingswith a German translation.

1910 Du Bois attends the Second National Negro Conference Committee where they create the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Du Bois becomes Director of Publicity and Research for editor of its monthly magazine the Crisis.

Harrison writes two letters to the New York Sun critical of Booker T Washington which cost him his job at the United States Post Office.

Garvey travels to Costa Rica where he is employed as a time keeper on a Banana plantation.

20 April Garvey elected first assistant secretary of the National Club and Wilfred Domingo Apprentice Tailor, second assistant secretary. Fortnightly journal Our Own. Garvey and Domingo The Struggling Mass pamphlet.

Garvey enrolls for elocution lessons with Jamaican Dr. Robert J Love monument George William Gordon.

Garvey publishes three issues of his Watchman journal namd after George William Gordon’s journal the Watchman.

November Du Bois publishes the first issue of The Crisis.

1911 Harrison begins work at Socialist Party of America becoming Americas leading black socialist.

Du Bois attends First Universal Race Congress in London, publishes his Quest of the Silver Fleece novel and joins the Socialist Party of America.

Garvey becomes editor of daily newspaper La Nacionale in Costa Rica and later travels to Colon, Panama.

July 26 Universal Races Congress among its attendees Harry Johnston of the Royal Geographical Society, Sir Sydney Olivier Governor of Jamaica.

April 25, 1911 - The Nation (edited by Marcus Garvey) Cover Page.

July 26 Universal Races Congress among its attendees Harry Johnston of the Royal Geographical Society, Sir Sydney Olivier Governor of Jamaica.

1912 Julius Rosenwald begins serving on the board of directors of Tuskegee Institute.

February 7 Blyden passes in Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Harrison campaigns for Industrial Workers of the World founder Eugene V. Debs, presidential candidate, writes the Negro and Socialism for the socialist newspaper the New York Call as well as the socialist monthly the International Socialist Review, also founds the Colored Socialist Club and speaks at Broad and Wall Street in front of the New York stock exchange on socialism. 

Garvey sails to London where he attends evening classes at Birkbeck College. 

August Garveys sister, Indiana, joins him in London.

Du Bois supports the Democrat Woodrow Wilson in presidential campaign forcing him to resign from Socialist Party of America. 

Julius Rosenwald begins serving on the board of directors of Tuskegee Institute.

1913 Garvey begins working for Dusé Mohamed Ali at the African Times and Orient Review office at 158 Fleet Street as messenger and handyman, in October issue writes The British West Indies in the Mirror of Civilization essay. Dusé Mohamed Ali was also later to become the foreign secretary for Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association. 

Garvey travels to Scotland.

Garvey granted month long readers pass to the British Museum library, where he reads Edward Wilmot Blyden’s Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race as well as Booker T Washington’s autobiography Up from Slavery.

Claude Mckay attends Tuskegee Institute.

W.E.B. DuBois and members of the New York State Commission on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1913.

Organizers of the 1913 Silk Strike in Paterson, New Jersey. Front row, from left: Hubert Harrison, members of the Industrial Workers of the World Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, and “Big Bill” Haywood. Back row: unknown, Patrick L. Quinlan, unknown, and unknown. Photographer unknown. Courtesy the American Labor Museum, Haledon, New Jersey, and Jeffrey B. Perry.

Six new small schools in rural Alabama funded by Rosenwald built and opened.

1914 Crisis magazine article 2,732 lynchings from 1884 to 1914.

Marcus Garvey founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association at 12 Orange Street, Kingston.

August Garvey meets Amy Ashwood at the Queen Street Baptist Literary and Debating Society U.N.I.A. moved to 20 Orange Street, Kingston.

October Tsar Nicholas II October manifesto freedom of speech and suffrage.

The Russian army invade Germany.

Alfred Charles Sam Akyem Abuakwa Gold coast Texas, Oklahoma.

1915 Harrison publishes The Black Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling.

Du Bois publishes The Negro and “The African Roots of the War” essay, Atlantic Monthly and fights with the NAACP to band The Birth of a Nation film, the Crisis magazine also publishes article 2,732 lynchings from 1884 to 1914.

135th Street Lenox Avenue Harlem speakers corner.

Tsar Nicholas assumes Commander in Chief.

1916 Crisis magazine April issue lynching of six in Lee County, Georgia and June issue “ Waco Horror” article lynching of mentally impaired 17 year old Jesse Washington in Waco, Texas.

March Garvey departs from Jamaica to New York on the SS Tallac.

April 25th Garvey heads to the NAACP offices at 25 695th Avenue in search of Du Bois.

May 9, Garvey holds his first public lecture in New York City at St Mark’s Church in-the-Bowery where he becomes overwhelmed whilst speaking and falls off the stage.

The Star of Ethiopia a pageant of the history of black people from 50,000 B.C to 20th century wrote, produced, and directed by WEB Du Bois.

Lucien B. Watkins poem The Star of Ethiopia.

December Grigori Rasputin murdered by Prince Yusopor.

1917 Garvey and thirteen others the Harlem, New York branch of the UNIA,

Asa Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen also found the Messenger monthly magazine, earlier the same year A Philip Randoph had stepped down from his stepladder in Harlem to let Garvey speak.

March Tsar Nicholas II resigns.

April Vladimir Lenin returns to Russia from exile in Switzerland flee to Finland.

Harrison founds the Liberty League and Voice newspaper.  

12 June Harrison and Marcus Garvey speak at Harrisons Liberty League of Negro Americans meeting at the Bethal African Methodist Espicopal church.

July 1 East Saint Louis riots, white drive by and fire shots, journalist and two police men drive by Blacks open fire on car killing one officer, thousand of whites begin rioting. women, blacks lynched Congressional Investigating Committee reports 39 blacks, 9 whites dead although thought to be more like hundreds, 6 thousand Blacks left homeless after their neighbourhood burned.

July 8 Garvey at Lafayette Hall speaks on the East Saint Louis riot The conspiracy of the East St. Louis Mayor Mollman migration riots printed pamphlets.

July 28 Du Bois and NAACP organise and lead a “Silent March” of 10,000 black New Yorkers down Fifth Avenue to protest the East St. Louis race riot, Du Bois also travelled to St. Louis to report on the riots and publishes the article "The Massacre of East St. Louis" in September. 

October 16 Lenin returns to Russia.

October 24th/25th Bolshevik Provisional Government Petrograd Soviet.

1918 Garvey on his birthday founds the Negro World weekly newspaper. 

Garvey holds UNIA meetings at Palace Casino Theater 135th Street Madison Avenue.

Harrison works with the American Federation of Labor and serves as chairman for the Negro American Liberty Congress co-headed by Monroe Trotter, the AFL also submits petition to the U. S. Congress for federal anti-lynching legislation.

According to the Hymn From Greenlands Icy Mountains had been adopted by the UNIA and sung at this meeting it is also used by the RasTafarite Ethiopia Black International Congress.

August 4 Randolph and Owen in Cleveland at Social Party leader Walter Bronstrups meeting arrested by Department of Justice official to be trailed on the charge of violating the Espionage Act.

“unlawfully, knowingly and feloniously, the United States being then and there at war with the Imperial German Government, willfully print and cause to be printed, publish and cause to be published, circulated, in a certain language intended to incite, provoke and incur resistance to the United States and to promote the cause of its enemies in a certain publication known as the Messenger.” 

6 October 1918 Amy Ashwood arrives from Panama. 

According to the Hymn From Greenlands Icy Mountains had been adopted by the UNIA and sung at this meeting it is also used by the Ras Tafarite Ethiopia Black International Congress.

1919 January 18 the year long Versailles Peace Conference is held in Paris France. Treaty of Versallies Germanys possessions Hiltler re militarization June 28 and creation of the League of Nations.

WEB Du Bois with the help of Senegalese deputy to the National French Assembly Blaise Diagne organized the First Pan African Congress to be held in Paris.

The 20 year old Haitian Elizier Cadet elected as a delegate, interpreter, main negotiator and later high commissioner to the Conference, presents the resolutions of the UNIA that Germanys confiscated colonies be governed by Negroes educated in America and Europe, to the President the French PM Georges Clemenceau, Cadet also camped outside the offices of the Parisian newspapers of the Liberal La Matin editor, as well as the editors of La Presse and L’Instansigeant newspapers who promised to publish the articles.

Ida B. Wells and Randolph were also elected as delegates but were unable to obtain passports and visas.

German East Africa Tanganika designated to Britain, South West Namibia Cameroon, and Togo to France and Britain, Urundi Burundi to Belgium and Namibia South Africa

January 21 Seattle Shipyard Strike 35, 000 workers go on strike. Unions in Seattles shipbuilding industry demand pay increase for unskilled workers, the yard owners offer to give a pay increase to skilled workers, the union reject the offer and go on strike.

February 23 Third Irish Race Convention Philadelphia.

Soldiers of the 369th (15th N.Y.), awarded the Croix de Guerre for gallantry in action, 1919. Left to right. Front row: Pvt. Ed Williams, Herbert Taylor, Pvt. Leon Fraitor, Pvt. Ralph Hawkins. Back Row: Sgt. H. D. Prinas, Sgt. Dan Storms, Pvt. Joe Williams, Pvt. Alfred Hanley, and Cpl. T. W. Taylor.

Pvt. Henry Johnson nicknamed “Black Death”.

Pvt. Needham Roberts.  

Johnson who using his broken rifle as a club and Roberts with a 9 inch bolo knife defeat a 24 German in France awarded.

$10, 000 $35, 000 steam paddle ship SS Shadyside SS Kanawha.

The UNIA  property located at 114 West 138th Street, New York City which had previously been the Metropolitan Baptist Tabernacle and which would now become the first of many of the UNIAS Liberty Halls.

The Black Star steamshipping line was also established.

Garvey and the UNIA investigated by the FBI then the BOI. Major Walter Howard Loving Negro World Probable Bolshevik Propaganda.

Bolshevik meaning majority, referring to the Marxist majority of the Russian Social Democratic Party of which Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky came into power in October 1917 and the influence of its socialist, communist and Soviet regime. 

Supported by German or Bolshevik money. 

February 4 U.S. Senate votes to Overman Judiciary Subcommittee for more investigation of German spies and Bolshevik propaganda. committee month hearing February 11.

February 6 to 11 Seattle, Washington General Strike. Head of Emergency Fleet Corporation sends telegram mistakenly to Metal Trades Council rather than Metal Trades Association withdraw contracts of any given wage increase, the workers appeal to Seattle Central Labor Council for the strike.

General Strike Committee formed to provide essential services throughout the city during the strike, Army Veterans form Labor War Veterans Guard to ensure order throughout the city although.

“Russia Did It” pamphlet overthrow.

Mayor Hanson police and military order federal troops, stations 950 sailors and marines February 7. 600 hires men to the police force hires 2, 400 deputies.

February 8 The executive committee of the General Strike Committee by AFL and international labor organizations to end the strike at midnight but voted against by the General Strike Committee.

February 9 Mayor Hanson “sympathetic strike was called in the exact manner as was the revolution in Petrograd”.

February 10 The General Strike Committee vote to end the strike the next day.

39 Industrial Workers of the World members arrested ringleaders anarchy.

April bombs mailed to Government officials, businessmen such as John D Rockefeller, Mayor of Seattle Ole Hanson receives mailed packaged bomb opened at the wrong end by member of his office staff William Langer, who then takes the bomb to the police and notifies Post Office. 

Police officers turn up at the UNIA headquarters with a search warrant after an anonymous tip of that from the office of the Negro World. At Garveys Carnegie Hall meeting agents of the Lusk Committee also turn up with a bomb squad.

J Edgar hoover begins to hold suspicions of the Harlem offices of the Negro World and the Messenger being the Russian organ of Bolshevism in New York. Garvey papers II page 674. 642 of the Russian organ of Bolshevik from one memo J Edgar Hoover special assistant to Attorney General to Frank Burke Washington D.C. August 12 1919 Garvey papers I page 480.

May Day Boston Police attempt to stop unpermitted march, fight for socialist Soviet Union Red Flags, one policeman fatally stabbed, socialist HQ attacked by mob, 114 arrested.

At the Russian Peoples House social club, soldiers burn printed material and force emigrants to sing Star Spangled Banner.

Cleveland, Ohio protesting the imprisonment of Eugene V. Debs and promoting the campaign of Charles Ruthenberg the socialist candidate for Mayor plan march.

Nationalist group Victory Loanworkers try to block marchers, Ruthenbergs HQ attacked by mob, police mount with trucks and tanks, tank driven into crowd, two dead, 40 injured, 116 arrested.

June 2 Bombs judges sentenced anarchist to prison, Attorney A. Mitchell Palmer targeted for the second time, Carlo William Valdinoa editor of Galleanist publication Cronaca Sovversiva Luigi Galleani, delivers the bomb, trips up, the bomb detonates leaving his body parts on Palmers lawn.

Flyer traced to anarchists Andrea Salsedo, who commits suicide and Robert Elia.

June Attorney A. Mitchell Palmer Carlo William Valdinoa Galleanist trips up bomb detonating body parts lawn. 

Senator Lusk chairman of committee anarchy socialists troops office of Industrial Workers of the World and Rand school for racial propaganda Socialism Imperilled, or the Negro a Potential menace to American radicalism article by Wilfred Domingo editor of the Negro World who worked with Garvey in 1910 at the National Club.

June 2 Bombs judges sentenced anarchist to prison, Attorney A. Mitchell Palmer targeted for the second time, Carlo William Valdinoa editor of Galleanist publication Cronaca Sovversiva Luigi Galleani, delivers the bomb, trips up, the bomb detonates leaving his body parts on Palmers lawn.

Flyer traced to anarchists Andrea Salsedo, who commits suicide and Robert Elia.

July 28 Garvey charged with criminal libel against Richard Warner, Edgar Grey and the District Attorney Kilroe, Garvey incarcerated in Tombs prison and bailed for $3,000.

A Red Summer. 

The Red Summer racial riots were a series of riots 38 which occurred between May and October 1919.

December Crisis issue Omaha, Nebraska.

Will Brown, Victim of Omaha, Nebraska violence. 

Mary Turner.

May 10 Charleston, South Carolina

May 10 Sylvester, Georgia May 29 Putnam County, Georgia May 31 Monticello, Mississippi June 13 New London, Connecticut June 13 Memphis, Tennessee June 27 Annapolis, Maryland June 27 Macon, Mississippi July 3 Bisbee, Arizona July 5 Scranton, Pennsylvania July 6 Dublin, Georgia July 7 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania July 8 Coatesville, Pennsylvania July 9 Tuscaloosa, Alabama July 10 Longview, Texas July 11 Baltimore, Maryland July 15 Port Arthur, Texas

July 19 Washington, D.C. July 21 Norfolk, Virginia July 23 New Orleans, Louisiana July 23 Darby, Pennsylvania July 26 Hobson City, Alabama July 27 Chicago, Illinois July 28 Newberry, South Carolina July 31 Bloomington, Illinois July 31 Syracuse, New York July 31 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania August 4 Hattiesburg, Mississippi August 6 Texarkana, Texas August 21 New York City, New York August 30 Knoxville, Tennessee September 28 Omaha, Nebraska October 1 Elaine, Arkansas

Elaine, Arkansas, arrested and tried for conspiracy in the Moore v. Dempsey case. 

28 July Garvey charged with criminal libel against Richard Warner, Edgar Grey and the District Attorney Kilroe, Garvey incarcerated in Tombs prison and bailed for $3,000.

28th September Garvey, Reverend Eason, Amy Ashwood and Henrietta Davis Illinois south for meetings at the 8th Regiment Armoury the home of the all Negro infantry Garvey was arrested by detective George Friend of the Chicago Constabulary on violation of the Blue Sky Law turned out to be a private detective from Keystone Detective Agency who was hired by Robert Abbott editor of the Chicago Defender and taken to Harrison police station. 

September Henrietta Vinton Davis that there were 7, 500 members in New York alone and branches in 25 states of Union.

11 October memorandum from J Edgar Hoover to special agent Ridgely.

October 1 Elaine, Arkansas 200 African Americans murdered, arrested and tried for conspiracy in the Moore v. Dempsey case.

11 October memorandum from J Edgar Hoover to special agent Ridgely.

14 October Garvey shot by George Tyler, grazed on his temple and caught in the leg. Tyler commits suicide the next day, Tyler was also the only witness for the criminal libel charge against Garvey.

October Garvey speaks at Philadelphia Peoples Church again.

The Negro World seized in British Guiana and Honduras, according to the Saint Vincent Gazette October 1919 anyone bringing the paper into the colony to serve six months prison sentence, possibly with hard labor.

November Second anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution BOI agents police raid Union of Russian Workers in 12 cities.

Garveys name put forward to Louis F. Post at the Labour Department for deportation on unsubstantiated grounds.

December Du Bois in the Crisis covers lynching in Omana, Nebraska.

December Guianse Edward Green Smith founding member, Secretary UNIA and accountant who previously worked at the ammunition factory in Trenton, New Jersey shot during robbery, pregnant wife dies from shock BSL principal negotiator.

December 25 Garvey marries Amy Ashwood two week honeymoon in Canada Toronto and Montreal.

Garveys name put forward to Louis F. Post at the Labour Department for deportation on unsubstantiated grounds.

December 1919 Guianse Edward Green Smith founding member, Secretary UNIA and accountant who previously working at the ammunition factory in Trenton, New Jersey employment shot during robbery pregnant wife dies from shock BSL principal negotiator.

The Belize branch of the Universal African Black Cross Nurses established in 1920 by Vivian Seay.

Seay survey infant and maternal recruits nurse trainees.

Garvey and Green without Cockburn charter the SS Frederick Douglas at the rate of $11, 000 as opposed to $100, 000 with repairs amounting to $11, 000 and fail to include limited indemnity clause in contract with Green River Distillery making them liable damages to whisky company prohibition deadline 16th January confiscated.

Cockburn receives $2,000 commission from Green River Distillery to load the and sail the ship.

1920 January 15 Frederick Douglas sails from the U. S. to Havana, Cuba with 20, 000 cases of whiskey, 500 cases of champagne and 350 barrels of wine 500 cases of whisky, caught in storm off the coast of Cape May, the cargo shifts in its Hull making its starboard list heavy, tossed aboard in order to prevent it from capsizing and has to be towed back to New York .

neglect to making docking arrangements cargo cant be unloaded because of the shoremans strike, left to face penalty of thousands every day for  32 days. 

Chief Officer Hugh Mulzac and UNIA delgation meet arrive at Havana, Cuba meet President Menocal and are given banquet at his palace.

The SS Frederick Douglass at Colon Panama carries 500 Caribbean laborers to Cuba.

The SS Frederick Douglass makes a ceremonial stop at Bocas del Toro in Costa Rica.

In Kingston, Jamaica the SS Frederick Douglass cargo of 700 tons of coconuts which rot on detour to Boston. 

Du Bois publishes the first of his three autobiographies Darkwater: Voices From Within the Veil containing his “The Damnation of Women” essay as well as The Brownies Book, a monthly children’s magazine co founded by Augustus Granvil Dill and Jesse RedmonFauset.

1920 Du Bois publishes the first of his three autobiographies Darkwater: Voices From Within the Veil containing his "The Damnation of Women" essay as well as The Brownies Book, a monthly children's magazine.

January Harrison becomes editor of the Negro World and also contributes to the Declaration of Rights of Negro People’s of the World.

August the first UNIA Convention was held for the whole duration of the month of August in Madison Square Gardens, New York City. It was at this convention that the Bill of Rights the Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World was drafted and adopted. https://tmblr.co/Z9elId2ORVqcw

It was at this event where he was duly elected Provisional President of Africa at the convention Garvey reportedly read two telegrams one from Irish Republic leader Eamon de Valera Provisional President of Ireland and the other from Zionist in Califonia Louis Michael.

Are ye not as children of the Ethiopians unto me, O children of Israel? saith the LORD. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt? and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir? Amos 9:7

10. We protest against segregated districts, separate public conveyances, industrial discrimination, lynchings and limitations of political privileges of any Negro citizen in any part of the world on account of race, color or creed, and will exert our full influence and power against all such.

12. Against all such inhuman, unchristian and uncivilized treatment we here and now emphatically protest, and invoke the condemnation of all mankind.

17. Whereas the lynching, by burning, hanging or any other means, of human beings is a barbarous practice and a shame and disgrace to civilization, we therefore declare any country guilty of such atrocities outside the pale of civilization.

24. We believe in the doctrine of the freedom of the press, and we therefore emphatically protest against the suppression of Negro newspapers and periodicals in various parts of the world, and call upon Negroes everywhere to employ all available means to prevent such suppression.

25. We further demand free speech universally for all men.

33. We vigorously protest against the increasingly unfair and unjust treatment accorded Negro travelers on land and sea by the agents and employee of railroad and steamship companies, and insist that for equal fare we receive equal privileges with travelers of other races.

35. That the right of the Negro to travel unmolested throughout the world be not abridged by any person or persons, and all Negroes are called upon to give aid to a fellow Negro when thus molested.

39. That the colors, Red, Black and Green, be the colors of the Negro race.

40. Resolved, That the anthem “Ethiopia, Thou Land of Our Fathers etc.,” shall be the anthem of the Negro race… adopted by the RasTafarites Universal Ethiopian Anthem.

Signatories of the Declarations of the Rights of Negro Peoples of the World capture the moment during the 1st International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World.

Negro World editor William Ferris spots WEB Du Bois at the convention.

18 January Negro World SS Kanawah Antonio Maceo to sail for Bermuda, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Panama. Sir Willocks governor general British Secretary of State for the Colonies Winston Churchill prohibit landing.

Advert Negro World Architects and Contracting Builders to sail to Liberia between January 25 February 20.

1921 Haitian Elie Garcia auditor general produce two reports on Liberia. 

Son of Liberian President Hilary Johnson, Mayor of the Liberian capital, Monrovia, Gabriel Johnson, UNIA Potentate Leader of the Negro Peoples of the World along with George O Marke, Supreme Deputy Potentate in charge of the Sierra Leone division of the UNIA and accountant and stenographer, Resident Commissar Cyril A Crichlow sent to acquire land and property in Liberia 30 40 miles away from Monrovia farm owned by local Mrs.Moort however land quality.

Johnson previously a Brigader, his brother Attorney General, first cousin was also married to the later President D. B. King.

Edwin Barclay Liberia Secretary of Sate French and British bordering colonies of Sierra Leon and Ivory Coast.

February Garvey tours the West Indies and Central America also with the initiative of raising funds.

Hoover alerts immigration in Florida so that the Labour Department ports refuse his reentry however Hoover could not provide them with grounds.

28th February Garvey Amy Jacques and her younger brother Cleveland take the train to Key West where they board the USS Governor Cobb to Havana, Cuba.

7 March Liberia President Charles D. B. King arrives on the USS Panhandle in New York harbor, UNIA delegation meet hom at Waldorf Astoria Hotel.

Charles Latham American consul in Jamaica instructed to refuse Garvey a visa to Panama as well as a reentry visa into America.

Costa Rica 10, 000 people to see Garvey at Limon according to United Fruit company manger G. P. Chittenden one meeting two scrap baskets and one suitcase full of United States gold notes were collected and at another he stood beside a pile of gold notes which reached above his knees possibly as much as $50, 000.

Garvey introduced to President Julio Acosta in the capital. 

Garvey granted visa by Panama visits the cities of Bocas Del Toro and Almirante in Panama although the response he received was not so much of an enthusiastic one but more.

Garvey travels to the city of Colon by submarine where he is greeting by the biggest crowd he has ever seen, they brake the windows of his train carriage and carry him out into a car but there are so many people on top of the car that the tyres puncture and the car has to be pushed.

May 31 June 1 Tulsa, Oklahoma riot Dick Rowland assault elevator in Drexel building, mob jail shots, Greenwood little Africa.

May June Tulsa, Oklahoma riot Dick Rowland assault elevator Drexel building mob jail shots Greenwood little Africa.

25th May the ship the SS Kanawah/Antonio Maceo, sets sail for Panama. boilers three days Kingston.

Garvey denied reentry visa generals voted counsellor general William Matthews sent to Washington to lobby the state department. staff visa control. Garvey advised by lawyer for the American consul to send a cable to state department requesting a visa in which event the visa was granted.

At the annual convention in August 1921 literary editor William Ferris and journalist John E Bruce knighted with order of the Nile, George Tobias with the order of Ethiopia and Henrietta Vinton Davis with Lady Commander of the Sublime order of the Nile.

Marcus Garvey quoted Psalm 68:31 on numerous occasions including in his Christmas message to the Negro Peoples of the World December 1921 as well as in his Emancipation day speech made at Liberty Hall New York city on 1 January 1922. https://tmblr.co/Z9elId2OPQ-fq

1922 January Garvey arrested for mail fraud but bailed for $2, 500, Garvey was brought to charge with mail fraud on the basis that the BSL had advertised the ship the Orion as SS Phyllis Wheatley which they did not yet actually own but were still in the process of negotiation for, Thompson, Garcia and George Tobias were also investigated, however, only Garvey was prosecuted.

May 22 UNIA Commissioner Robert Moseley invited to speak at Baptist church’s, arrested and fined for vagrancy in Jacksonville, Texas and separately also taken to the woods and horsewhipped.

Garvey Los Angeles local division and others parade Oakland California Frisco. Commander J.J. Hannigan San Francisco 400 new members.

May 27 Garvey marries Amy Jaques in Baltimore.

June 25 Garvey travels to Atlanta for a meeting with the Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.

Garvey meets with and is interviewed by Hutson on his first visit to Belize 5 July Huton sent transcript of the recorded interview to Secretary of the Colonies the British PM Winston Churchill.

July office Harlem building floor above UNIA Publishing and Printing House the Messenger editorial Chandler Owens and A Philip Randolph William Pickens and Detroit preacher Robert Bagnall Garvey Must Go campaign.

Garvey and Amy picture.

May 27 Garvey marries Amy Jaques in Baltimore.

June 25 Garvey travels to Atlanta for a meeting with the Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.

Garvey meets with and is interviewed by Hutson on his first visit to Belize 5 July Huton sent transcript of the recorded interview to Secretary of the Colonies the British PM Winston Churchill.

July office Harlem building floor above UNIA Publishing and Printing House the Messenger editorial Chandler Owens and A Philip Randolph William Pickens Detroit preacher Robert Bagnall.

The Messenger. 6.9 (August 1922). William Pickens NAACP Detroit preacher, Robert Bagnall Messenger.

August Trinidadian pilot Hubert Fauntleroy Julian dubbed the Black Eagle of Harlem by H. Allen Smith because of his parachute jumps, flys biplane over UNIA parade and becomes head of the organisation’s new Aeronautical Department.

September 5 Randolph at 2305 7th Avenue receives package calls the police bomb squad open package containing a severed human hand.

November 9th Esau Ramus Philadelphia branch UNIA janitor New Orleans William Phillips. 

Reverend Eason Baptist Church, St John 1st Street, shot in the back and forehead, dies from wounds on January 1923. William Shakespeare and Fred Dyer charged with Easons murder. Claude McKay in Kremlin, Russia.

November Max Eastman Fourth Congress of the Communist International Petrograd.

Otto Huiswould and Claude McKay, two leading early members of the Communist International (Comintern). They both addressed the Comintern in Moscow in 1922.

Claude McKay with Arthur Holitscher and Clara Zetkin in Russia - December, 1923.

Claude McKay and International Group in Russia - December, 1923

McKay with Grigory Zinoviev and Nikolai Bukharin in 1923.

McKay also meets communist Leon Trotsky.

Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey by Amy Jaques Garvey 1923 Chapter 3 The Image of God

If the white man has the idea of a white God, let him worship his God as he desires. If the yellow man’s God is of his race let him worship his God as he sees fit. We, as Negroes, have found a new ideal. Whilst our God has no color, yet it is human to see everything through one’s own spectacles, and since the white people have seen their God through white spectacles, we have only now started out (late though it be) to see our God through our own spectacles. The God of Isaac and the God of Jacob let Him exist for the race that believes in the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. We Negroes believe in the God of Ethiopia, the everlasting God — God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Ghost, the One God of all ages. That is the God in whom we believe, but we shall worship Him through the spectacles of Ethiopia. 

Ras Nasibu Emmanuel Oganden Hindenburg Wall Poem.

Edwin Barclay Liberias secretary of state French and British bordering colonies of Sierra Leone Ivory Coast disapproval. 

Hilary Johnson clerk office Crichlow pulling weight 24 March sent cable ship $5, 000 steamer for sawmill.

1 December UNIA delegation departs for Liberia via Lisbon, Portugal on the Cunard vessel SS Britannia. 

1923 December Mc Kay Arthur Holitscher and Clara Zetkin in Russia. International Group in Russia. Grigory Zinoviev and Nikolai Bukharin.

1924 11th February UNIA delegation meets with President 3, 000 immigrants land in three colonies Cavalla, Sino and Grand Bassa as well as in Cape Mount.

16 March Robert Poston fever lobar pneumonia dies on board SS President Grant. 

April 19 send material artisan technicians carpenter builder and mechanical engineer. 

Seay 24 trained nurses to Belize Town as volunteers parenting teaching, sanitation, midwifery services.

May 19 Du Bois with Professor Wendell Phillips Dabney finally comes face to face with Garvey for the first time at the elevator in Sheraton Hotel, Cincinnati.

11th February meet with President 3, 000 immigrants land in three colonies Cavalla, Sino and Grand Bassa as well as in Cape Mount.

23 June 1923 Garvey sentenced to five years in prison for mail fraud. Garvey spends three months in the Tombs Jail Manhattan detention center and would be bailed for the sum of $15, 000 which was raised in campaign by Amy Jacques by September.

Bishop Alexander Mc Guire the first black archdeacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church ‘We have reasons to believe that his enforced solitude has clarified his vision’ 'Moses came back to Israel with new Revelation’ 'Negro everywhere will be the beneficiaries of the new ideas he has gained during his vacation’.

16 March Robert Poston fever lobar pneumonia dies on board SS President Grant. 

April 19 send material artisan technicians carpenter builder and mechanical engineer.

Seay Twenty four trained nurses.

May 19 Du Bois with Professor Wendell Phillips Dabney finally comes face to face with Garvey for the first time at the elevator in Sheraton Hotel, Cincinnati.

June 4 mining engineer Wallace Strange. 

1924 July 4 UNIAS Hubert Fauntleroy Julian to make transatlantic flight from New York to Liberia via Atlantic city, New Jersey and the West Indies. Purchases seaplane christened Ethiopia I, crashes into Flushing Bay after one of the planes pontoons comes off.

Robinson diploma in auto mechanics, Tuskegee civilian pilot training program there Melaku Beyan Ethiopian Army shot in the arm and exposed to mustard gas.

10 July Liberia Consul General in US press release stated that anyone from the UNIA in the US would not be allowed to land in the republic of Liberia the Liberian Consuls in the US instructed not to permit them visas. Wallace Strange Monrovia arrested and deported equipment auctioned Chief Justice J. J. Dossen of Liberia President ports refuse entry. given preference to the Firestone Rubber Plantation Company 1 million acres of land 5 to 10 cents per acre.

The Most Honorable Marcus Garvey is accompanied in the rear seat of his shiny 1920 Pierce Arrow Limousine by the Rev. R Van Richards at the 4th International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World Opening Parade in Harlem, NY. His Secret Service (aka Knights of the Roundtable) ran alongside the President-General’s parade vehicle. Although its not visible in this photo, Mr. Garvey is also flanked in the rear by a banner reading Parent Body Division. (Negro World August 16, 1924, p.10)

Uniformed Universal African Motor Corp marching up 7th Ave in Harlem, NY during the opening parade of the UNIA sponsored 4th International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World in 1924.

Universal Motorcorp In Parade - 1924

Executive Council Reviews Parade From Observation Deck and Universal African Royal Guard Parade Drill in Harlem, NY.

Contingent of the Detroit Division #125 in the opening day parade of the 1924 International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World, hosted by the UNIA in Harlem, NY. USA. President Joseph A Craigen is seen leading the march with his Red, Black and Green Flag draped over his shoulder.

Dinner Scene at the Third Royal Court Reception of the UNIA at Liberty Hall, NY (Negro World August 30,1924, p.10)

Marucs Garvey in 1924 by James VanDerZee.

Marcus Garvey (right) with George O. Marke (left) and Prince Kojo Tovalu-Houenou. 1924. James VanDerZee (American, 1886-1983). Te Dahomean protonationalist Kojo Tovalou-Houénou declared at the same convention that “your association, Mr. President … is the Zionism of the Black Race.”^ Les Continents, 15 October 1924.

Big Negro Excursion [January 3, 1925, advertisement in the Negro World announcing the sailing of the S.S. Booker T. Washington to Central America, the West Indies, Panama, and the South of the United States.  

Amy Jacques Garvey, Henrietta Vinton Davis and Marcus Garvey during the renaming of the ship from the 'General G.W. Goethals’ to the S.S Booker Washington.

Marcus Garvey (center), President General of the African Republic, leaves court handcuffed to a deputy, Marshal Hecht, at left being taken into custody to begin serving his sentence at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary on 8 February 1925. 

African Fundamentalism

From the editorial by Marcus Garvey orinted in the Negro World, 6 June 1925, as a front-page editorial; written in Atlanta Federal Penitentiary. Original headlines omitted. Creed reprinted in slightly revised form, under the title “African Fundamentalism,” as a UNIA poster, sold by mail order through the Negro World by Amy Jacques Garvey, 1925.

Fellow Men of the Negro Race, Greeting:

The time has come for the Negro to forget and cast behind him his hero worship and adoration of other races, and to start out immediately, to create and emulate heroes of his own.

We must canonize our own saints, create our own martyrs, and elevate to positions of fame and honor black men and women who have made their distinct contributions to our racial history. Sojourner Truth is worthy of the place of sainthood alongside of Joan of Arc; Crispus Attucks and George William Gordon are entitled to the halo of martyrdom with no less glory than that of the martyrs of any other race. Toussaint L'Ouverture’s brilliancy as a soldier and statesman outshone that of a Cromwell, Napoleon and Washington; hence, he is entitled to the highest place as a hero among men. Africa has produced countless numbers of men and women, in war and in peace, whose lustre and bravery outshine that of any other people. Then why not see good and perfection in ourselves?

Marcus Garvey at Atlanta Federal Prison in December 1926.

Garvey was released in November 1927 and boarded in New Orleans to be deported to Jamaica where he arrived at Orrett’s Wharf in Kingston.  

1928 October 7 Ras Tafari Makonnen Crown Prince and Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia is crowned Negus (King) Empress Zawditu daughter of Emperor Menelik II seated to his left.

Julian at the Emperor Haile Selassie’s pre coronation show, parachutes landing in front of the Emperor, the Emperor grants him citizenship, the rank of colonel as well as the highest honour in Ethiopia, the order of Menelik.

Julian at the Emperors coronation dress rehearsal crashes the Emperors personal plane de Havilland Gipsy Moth into a Eucalyptus tree, the plane was given to the Emperor as a gift from Selfridge’s department store in London.

18th August 1930 performance of Garveys play Coronation of an African King, King Cudjoe of Sudan.

These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful. Revelation 17:14

And I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and He who sat on it iscalled Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and wages war.

His eyes are a flame of fire, and on His head are many diadems; and He has a name written on Him which no one knows except Himself. He is clothed with a robe dipped in blood, and His name is called The Word of God.

And the armies which are in heaven, clothed in fine linen, white and clean, were following Him on white horses.

November 2 Negus Tafari coronation as Emperor Haile Selassie Time weekly magazine. National Geographic Magazine monthly Volume LIX Number 6 1931 June.

1932 E.A. Wallace Budge publishes his second edition of the Ethiopic Book of the Glory of Kings.

1933 Leonard Percival Howell began to preach about the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie in the parish of Saint Thomas at largely attended meetings accused of ‘Blantant swindle selling pictures at 1s per piece to boost the sale of King RasTafari of Abyssinia son of King Solomon by the Queen of Sheba. Howell held meetings in Trinity Ville and Seaforth of 300 and in 1934 was trailed and sentence for two years sedition and even blasphemy and Robert Hinds ‘his disciple’ led astray by evil doctrine sentenced to one year at the Saint Thomas Circuit Court in Morant Bay by Chief Justice Robert Lyall Grant.

Du Bois resigns at The Crisis to work at Atlanta University.

Meanwhile the second ItaloEthiopia war began over the Italo Ethiopia Treaty of 1928 similarly to the first ItaloEthiopia war in 1895.

The Italians built a military post on within the border of Ethiopia in 1930 which caused the WalWal incident in 1934.

The members of the League of Nations especially France and Britain failed to comply with Article X of the covenant and did not act to assist Ethiopia under Italian aggression, they wanted Italy as an ally against Germany, it was Italys plan to make Ethiopia an East African colony along with Eritrea and Italian Somalian.

1935 January Pierre Laval and Benito Mussolini sign the Franco Italian agreement which gave Italy a part of bordering French Somliland (now Djibouti) as part of Eritrea as well as the Aouzou strip in French Chad in Italian Libya.

Du Bois publishes his Black Reconstruction in America.

During the Ethiopian Crisis people from all other the world rallied support for the Emperor including The International African Friends of Ethiopia among whos members included Amy Ashwood Garvey, Jomo Kenyatta, C. L. R. James and George Padmore.

July

August

The Honorable Amy Ashwood Garvey speaks before a London crowd at Trafalgar Square, denouncing the Italian invasion of Ethiopia.“No race has been so noble in forgiving, but now the hour has struck for our complete emancipation. We will not tolerate the invasion of Abyssinia.“ Mrs. Garvey said: "In this struggle, the black women are marching beside the men. You white people brought us out of Africa to Christianize us and civilize us, but all the Christianity and civilization you gave us for 320 years was slavery. You have talked of ‘The White Man’s burden.’ Now we are carrying yours and standing between you and Fascism.” She warned the British Government that if this became a struggle between the “Blacks” and the “Whites” that three quarters of the people of the Empire are colored. Jamaica Gleaner, September 11, 1935.

August 12 Ethiopia also pleads for the embargo to be lifted.

October 5 Italian I Corps take Adigrat.

October 6 Italian II take Adwa.

October 15 General Emilio De Bono forces advance from Adwa occupy Axum Bono loots Obelisk.

October Saint Lucia Clarkes Theatre International Friends of Ethiopia Foreign Enlistment Act.

November The League of Nations places sanctions.

December Samuel Hoare Pierre Laval Pact was secretly agreed to sign OgadenTigray and Southern parts of Ethiopia away to Mussolini when this was found out they were forced to resign.

December 30 Red Cross unit at Dolo bombed, Egyptian ambulance at Bulall attacked, Egyptian medical unit at Daggah Bur.

1936 January 12 to 16 Battle of Genale Doria.

January 20 to 24 First Battle of Tembien Ras Kassa Phosgene gas makale.

February 10 to 19 Battle of Amba Bradam Ras Mulugeta.

February 27 to 29 Second Battle of Tembien Ras Kassa and Ras Seyoum.

March Red Cross camp Quoram.

Hitler militarisation of Rhineland.

March Battle of Shire Ras Imru. 969 Italian

March 22  Regia Aeronautica bomb Harar.

March 26 March of Iron Will Dessie to Addis Ababa.

March 31 Battle of May Chew.

Stresa Front.

April 4 mustard gas Lake Ashangi Regia Aeronautica.

April 14 Graziani Ras Nasibu Emmanuel Battle of Ogaden.

May His Imperial Majesty boards the train from Addis Ababa to Djibouti, with the gold of the Ethiopian Central Bank. According to Barker, A. J. (1971). Rape of Ethiopia, 1936. New York: Ballantine Books, Graziani suggested to Mussolini that he have the train bombed which however he didn’t see fit to do so.

The Emperor and hunting party in Ethiopia before the Italian invasion drove him into exile. It was taken on the Addis Ababa to Djibouti railway line in the early 1930s just after he’d been officially crowned as Emperor.

May 4 H.I.M. sails from Djibouti in the British cruiser HMS Enterprise.

May 5 Addis Ababa taken.

May 8 arrives at Haifa.

from Mandatory Palestine sails to Gibraltar on the way to Britain.

May 5 after the fall of Addis Ababa the sanctions are dropped.

Benito Mussolini also used poison gas and mustard gas which were exposed by International Red Cross.

June 30 The Emperor himself addresses the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland.

Howell marries Teneth Bent.

Du bois visits Nazi Germany, China and Japan.

July 4 The League of Nations votes to lift sanctions imposed against Italy.

July 15 Sanctions lifted.

Mussolini and Hilter become allies during the Spanish Civil War, Mussolini declares war on Britain and France attacks British in Egypt Sudan, Kenya, British Somaliland.

1937 the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the pullman company enter contract together.

Marcus Garvey (seated in dark suit with fan) and the Port of Spain Trinidad City Council, 1937. Mayor Alfred Richards is to Mr. Garvey’s right.

Tubal Uriah Buzz Butler strike policeman set alight and died colleagues riots. George Padmore International African Service Bureau C. L. R. James author of The Black Jacobins

1938 January strike for higher wages at Serge Island in the parish of Saint Thomas 1, 400 workers, armed 24 injured, 60 arrested.

April 29 Westmoreland strike 4 killed, 13 injured and 105 arrested.

May 23 Kingston strike.

Howell sent to Bellevue Asylum.

1939 April Howell founds the Ethiopian Salvation Society and purchases 485 acres in the hills of Saint Catherine, 5 miles on the road to Sligoville,  the free community founded by English Reverend Baptist Minister James Mursell Phillippo in 1843, named after the 2nd Marquess of Sligo, Governor of Jamaica, Saint Catherine also being the parish with the most number of active sugar plantations at the time Howell established this settlement which became to be known as Pinnacle.

1941 July 14 Pinnacle raided for first time 72 arrested.

Randolph Madison Square Gardens.

July 24 Howell arrested sentenced to 2 years released 1943 April.

December 23 Howells Wife Teneth Bent Howell dies, Howell accused of murdering her and arrested but is acquitted 1944 April 6.

1948 Ganja Dangerous Drugs Act began to be used against Rastafarite.

1948 January 8 Howell 6 months in prison.

1950  Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary of the NAACP, and, Arnold Aronson, of the National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Council found the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (LCCR).

1951 January 18 Howell sentenced to 2 year in prison for Ganja.

1954 April Howell arrested for illegal practice of medicine. May two of Howells adolescent sons arrested under false pretense. May 27 biggest Ganja raid as of that time £3, 000 seized.

1957 Randolph Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom with Martin Luther King Jr.

1958 Pinnacle burnt by Police members disburse.

Randolph Youth Marches for Integrated Schools in Washington, DC.

1960 Howell arrested for Ganja Tredegar Park and sent to Bellevue.

1961 21 April Bob Marleys teacher Nyahbinghi elder Mortimer Planno visits Ethiopia meets His Imperial Majesty Emperor Haile Selassie, April 26 visits Nigeria meets NnamdiAzikiwe, May 10 visits Ghana meets Kwame Nkrumah, May 16 visits Liberia and May 21 visit Sierra Leone meets I.T.A. Wallace.

12th April 1963 Bad Friday Coral Gardens Massacre.

May 25th the Organisation of African Unity was formed with the Emperor Haile Selassie as its chairman and its headquarters in Ethiopias capital Addis Ababa.

1966 April 22nd Groundation day Haile Selassie Jamaica visit H.I.M. with Mortimer Planno.

December 22, 1967 Kampala, Uganda- The heads of state and the leaders of governments of East and Central Africa are pictured prior to the opening of their summit conference. Standing in the front row are (L-R): Mr.Kayibanda, President of Rwanda; Mr. Jean B. Bokassa, President of the Central African Republic; Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia; Dr.Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya; Mr. El Azhari, President of the Sudan; and Lieutenant General Joseph Mobutu, President of the Republic of the Congo.

Nigeria & Tanzania reconciled at Africa Hall.

Mediating between Senegal & Guineain Monrovia, Liberia.

Settling differences in the internal crisis in the Sudan.

1978 March arrested for Ganja.

1979 Gunmen terrorize Rastafarites at Pinnacle.

1980 April 18th Bob Marley performs his Zimbabwe song in Zimbabwe at the Independence celebration in Rufaro Stadium Harare.

1986 July 14th - 27th Ras Boanerges Rastafari Focus Conference at the Commonwealth Institute in London.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.11

9 – Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends, where the Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine being established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hundred years. 1185 – Isaac II Angelos kills Stephen Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronikos I Komnenos and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire. 1226 – The first recorded instance of the Catholic practice of perpetual Eucharistic adoration formally begins in Avignon, France. 1297 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English. 1390 – Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92): The Teutonic Knights begin a five-week siege of Vilnius. 1541 – Santiago, Chile, is besieged by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco, to free eight indigenous chiefs held captive by the Spaniards. However, the Spaniards decapitated them and rolled their heads on the main square, horrifying the indigenous warriors, and subsequently ending the attack. 1565 – Ottoman forces retreat from Malta ending the Great Siege of Malta. 1609 – Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there. 1649 – Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison. 1683 – Battle of Vienna: Coalition forces, including the famous winged Hussars, led by Polish King John III Sobieski lift the siege laid by Ottoman forces. 1697 – Battle of Zenta: a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history. 1708 – Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to conquer Moscow outside Smolensk, marking the turning point in the Great Northern War. The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the Swedish Empire ceases to be a major power. 1709 – Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France. 1714 – Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession. 1758 – Battle of Saint Cast: France repels British invasion during the Seven Years' War. 1775 – Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1776 – British–American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolutionary War. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Brandywine: The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Sugarloaf Massacre: A small detachment of militia from Northampton County are attacked by Native Americans and Loyalists near Little Nescopeck Creek. 1786 – The beginning of the Annapolis Convention. 1789 – Alexander Hamilton is appointed the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. 1792 – The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house where they are stored. 1800 – The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball. 1802 – France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont. 1803 – Battle of Delhi, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, between British troops under General Lake, and Marathas of Scindia's army under General Louis Bourquin. 1813 – War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington, D.C.. 1814 – War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war. 1826 – Captain William Morgan, an ex-freemason is arrested in Batavia, New York for debt after declaring that he would publish The Mysteries of Free Masonry, a book against Freemasonry. This sets into motion the events that lead to his mysterious disappearance. 1829 – Surrender of the expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown to retake Mexico. This was the consummation of Mexico's campaign for independence. 1830 – Anti-Masonic Party convention; one of the first American political party conventions. 1836 – The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed by rebels after defeating Empire of Brazil's troops in the Battle of Seival, during the Ragamuffin War. 1851 – Christiana Resistance: Escaped slaves led by William Parker fight off and kill a slave owner who, with a federal marshal and an armed party, sought to seize three of his former slaves in Christiana, Pennsylvania, thereby creating a cause célèbre between slavery proponents and abolitionists. 1852 – Outbreak of Revolution of September 11 resulting in the State of Buenos Aires declaring independence as a Republic. 1857 – The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah. 1897 – After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom. 1903 – The first race at the Milwaukee Mile in West Allis, Wisconsin is held. It is the oldest major speedway in the world. 1905 – The Ninth Avenue derailment occurs in New York City, killing 13. 1914 – World War I: Australia invades German New Guinea, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka. 1916 – The Quebec Bridge's central span collapses, killing 11 men. The bridge previously collapsed completely on August 29, 1907. 1919 – United States Marine Corps invades Honduras. 1921 – Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine, is settled as part of a Zionist plan of creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel. 1922 – The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. 1941 – Charles Lindbergh's Des Moines Speech accusing the British, Jews and FDR's administration of pressing for war with Germany. 1943 – World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija ending the Italian occupation of Corsica. 1944 – World War II: The Western Allied invasion of Germany begins near the city of Aachen. 1944 – World War II: RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500. 1945 – World War II: Australian 9th Division forces liberate the Japanese-run Batu Lintang camp, a POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo. 1950 – Korean War: President Harry S. Truman approved military operations north of the 38th parallel. 1954 – Hurricane Edna hits New England as a Category 2 hurricane, causing significant damage and 29 deaths. 1961 – Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state. 1965 – Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Army captures the town of Burki, just southeast of Lahore. 1967 – China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at Nathu La, Sikkim, India, which resulted a military clashes. 1968 – Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and six crew. 1970 – The Dawson's Field hijackers release 88 of their hostages. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25. 1971 – The Egyptian Constitution becomes official. 1972 – The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system begins passenger service. 1973 – A coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende. Pinochet exercises dictatorial power until ousted in a referendum in 1988, staying in power until 1990. 1973 – JAT Airways Flight 769 crashes into the Maganik mountain range while on approach to Titograd Airport, killing 35 passengers and six crew. 1974 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew. 1976 – A bomb planted by a Croatian terrorist, Zvonko Bušić, is found at New York's Grand Central Terminal; one NYPD officer is killed trying to defuse it. 1980 – A new constitution of Chile is established under the influence of then Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, which is subject to controversy in Chile today. 1982 – The international forces that were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon leave Beirut. Five days later, several thousand refugees are massacred in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps by Phalange forces. 1989 – Hungary announces that the East German refugees who had been housed in temporary camps were free to leave for West Germany. 1991 – Continental Express Flight 2574 crashes in Colorado County, Texas, near Eagle Lake, killing 11 passengers and three crew. 1992 – Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates the Hawaiian islands of Kauai and Oahu. 1997 – NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars. 1997 – After a nationwide referendum, Scotland votes to establish a devolved parliament within the United Kingdom. 2001 – The September 11 attacks, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks killing 2,977 people using four aircraft hijacked by 19 members of al-Qaeda. Two aircraft crash into the World Trade Center in New York City, a third crashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. 2007 – Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of All Bombs. 2008 – A major Channel Tunnel fire breaks out on a freight train, resulting in the closure of part of the tunnel for six months. 2011 – The National September 11 Memorial & Museum opens on the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks. 2012 – A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan. 2012 – The U.S. embassy in Benghazi, Libya is attacked, resulting in four deaths. 2015 – A crane collapses onto the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Saudi Arabia, killing 111 people and injuring 394 others.

[dvtfederation]

2019 Honda Classic Day 1 pairings

Justin Thomas won the 2018 Honda Classic.

First Tee Thursday

6:45 a.m. — ROBERT STREB, Shawnee, KS, HAROLD VARNER III, Gastonia, NC, TALOR GOOCH, Midwest City, OK.

6:55 a.m. — BUD CAULEY, Jacksonville Beach, FL, MORGAN HOFFMANN, Wyckoff, NJ, SHAWN STEFANI, Houston, TX

7:05 a.m. — J.J. HENRY, Ft. Worth, TX, DANNY LEE, Rotorua, New Zealand, MATT WALLACE, England

7:15 a.m. — SATOSHI KODAIRA, Tokyo, Japan, KYLE STANLEY, Gig Harbor, WA, ZACH JOHNSON, Cedar Rapids, IA

7:25 a.m. — GRAYSON MURRAY, Raleigh, NC, HUDSON SWAFFORD, Sea Island, GA, ROD PAMPLING, Brisbane, Australia.

7:35 a.m. — MACKENZIE HUGHES, Dundas, Ontario,, Canada, CODY GRIBBLE, Dallas, TX, JIM FURYK, Jacksonville, FL.

7:45 a.m. — MARTIN TRAINER, Palo Alto, CA, JONAS BLIXT, Hammaro, Sweden, RUSSELL HENLEY, Kiawah Island, SC.

7:55 a.m. — JASON KOKRAK, Cleveland, OH, BRANDON HAGY, Westlake Village, CA, BLAYNE BARBER, Auburn, AL.

8:05 a.m. — CHARL SCHWARTZEL, Johannesburg, South Africa, BEN CRANE, Portland, OR, ANIRBAN LAHIRI, Bangalore, India.

8:15 a.m. — BRIAN STUARD, Jackson, MI, JOHN HUH, Dallas, TX, SCOTT LANGLEY, Scottsdale, AZ

8:25 a.m. — DYLAN FRITTELLI, Johannesburg, South Africa, WYNDHAM CLARK, Las Vegas, NV, DREW NESBITT, Oro-Medonte, ON, Canada

8:35 a.m. — MAX HOMA, Valencia, CA, SAM BURNS, Shreveport, LA, CURTIS LUCK, Perth, Australia

10th Tee Thursday

6:45 a.m. — SUNG KANG, Coppell, TX, KELLY KRAFT, Dallas, TX, SEAMUS POWER, Waterford, Ireland

6:55 a.m. — HUNTER MAHAN, Dallas, TX, JOHNSON WAGNER, Charlotte, NC, C.T. PAN, Taiwan

7:05 a.m. — BYEONG HUN AN, Seoul, South Korea, ALEX PRUGH, Spokane, WA, TYLER DUNCAN, Columbus, IN

7:15 a.m. — RYAN ARMOUR, Silver Lake, OH, EMILIANO GRILLO, Argentina, VIJAY SINGH, Fiji Islands

7:25 a.m. — BRADY SCHNELL, Omaha, NE, D.A. POINTS, Pekin, IL, STEWART CINK, Duluth, GA

7:35 a.m. — ADAM SCOTT, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, ERNIE ELS, South Africa, KIRADECH APHIBARNRAT, Thailand

7:45 a.m. — BROOKS KOEPKA, West Palm Beach, FL, GARY WOODLAND, Topeka, KS, JHONATTAN VEGAS, Maturin, Venezuela

7:55 a.m. — LUKE LIST, Augusta, GA, PATRICK RODGERS, Avon, IN, ALEX NOREN, Sweden

8:05 a.m. — BILL HAAS, Greenville, SC, NICK TAYLOR, Abbotsford, B.C., Canada, RYAN BLAUM, Jacksonville Beach, FL

8:15 a.m. — BEN SILVERMAN, Concord, ON, Canada, ANDERS ALBERTSON, Atlanta, GA, JIM KNOUS, Littleton, CO

8:25 a.m. — SEBASTIßN MU±OZ, Bogota, Colombia, SETH REEVES, Suwanee, GA, HANK LEBIODA, Orlando, FL

8:35 a.m. — ADAM SCHENK, Vincennes, IN, JOSΘ DE JESUS RODRΦGUEZ, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico, ERIK COMPTON, Coral Gables, FL

First Tee Thursday

11:35 a.m. — HARRIS ENGLISH, Sea Island, GA, RORY SABBATINI, Bratislava, Slovakia, ROBERTO CASTRO, Atlanta, GA

11:45 a.m. — ALEX CEJKA, Germany, RYAN PALMER, Colleyville, TX, CAMERON TRINGALE, Laguna Niguel, CA

11:55 a.m. — GRAEME MCDOWELL, Portrush, Northern Ireland, CHESSON HADLEY, Raleigh, NC, J.T. POSTON, St. Simons Island, GA

12:05 p.m. — AUSTIN COOK, Jonesboro, AR, DANIEL BERGER, Jupiter, FL, BRIAN HARMAN, St Simons Island, GA

12:15 p.m. — KEVIN TWAY, Jupiter, FL, ANDREW LANDRY, Austin, TX, BRICE GARNETT, Gallatin, MO

12:25 p.m. — WEBB SIMPSON, Charlotte, NC, SERGIO GARCIA, Castellon, Spain, MARTIN KAYMER, Mettmann, Germany

12:35 p.m. — RICKIE FOWLER, Murrieta, CA, JUSTIN THOMAS, Louisville, KY, BILLY HORSCHEL, Ponte Vedra Bch, FL

12:45 p.m. — PETER MALNATI, Knoxville, TN, MATT JONES, Sydney, Australia, KEITH MITCHELL, Sea Island, GA

12:55 p.m. — MICHAEL THOMPSON, Sea Island, GA, SAM SAUNDERS, Atlantic Beach, FL, TREY MULLINAX, Birmingham, AL

1:05 p.m. — STEPHAN JAEGER, Chattanooga, TN, KYLE JONES, Grapevine, TX, LUCAS BJERREGAARD, Denmark

1:15 p.m. — DENNY MCCARTHY, Rockville, MD, JULIEN ETULAIN, Coronel Suarez, Buenos Aires, KRAMER HICKOK, Dallas, TX

1:25 p.m. — ADAM SVENSSON, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, SEPP STRAKA, Athens, GA, KYOUNG-HOON LEE, South Korea

10th Tee Thursday

11:35 a.m. — NICK WATNEY, Dixon, CA, OLLIE SCHNIEDERJANS, Alpharetta, GA, SUNGJAE IM, Jeju-Si, Jeju-do, South Korea

11:45 a.m. — BRONSON BURGOON, The Woodlands, TX, JOEL DAHMEN, Clarkston, WA. BRANDON HARKINS, Scottsdale, AZ

11:55 a.m. — VAUGHN TAYLOR, Augusta, GA, FREDDIE JACOBSON, Gothenburg, Sweden, TOM HOGE, Fargo, ND

12:05 p.m. — ADAM LONG, St. Louis, MO, BRENDAN STEELE, Idyllwild, CA, CAMERON SMITH, Brisbane, Australia

12:15 p.m. — PATTON KIZZIRE, Sea Island, GA, RUSSELL KNOX, Inverness, Scotland, JIM HERMAN, Palm City, FL

12:25 p.m. — SCOTT PIERCY, Las Vegas, NV, JASON DUFNER, Auburn, AL, JIMMY WALKER, Boerne, TX

12:35 p.m. — KEVIN STREELMAN, Wheaton, IL, BRIAN GAY, Windermere, FL, RICHY WERENSKI, West Palm Beach, FL

12:45 p.m. — SCOTT BROWN, Aiken, SC, PETER UIHLEIN, Jupiter, FL, JOAQUIN NIEMANN, Chile

12:55 p.m. — CHRIS KIRK, Athens, GA, LUCAS GLOVER, Greenville, SC, WHEE KIM, Dallas, TX

1:05 p.m. — ROGER SLOAN, Merritt, Canada, CAMERON DAVIS, Sydney, Australia, DAVID PASTORE, Greenwich, CT

1:15 p.m. — CHASE WRIGHT, Muncie, IN, JOEY GARBER, Petoskey, MI, AUSTEN TRUSLOW, New Smyrna Beach, FL

1:25 p.m. — CARLOS ORTIZ, Guadalajara, Mexico, ROBERTO DΦAZ, Veracruz, VE, Mexico, ANDREW FILBERT, Naples, FL

Source Article

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[ultralifehackerguru-blog]

New Post has been published on http://www.lifehacker.guru/beautiful-universities-world/

The most beautiful universities in the world

The oldest university in Portugal.

saiko3p/ Shutterstock

Some universities don’t just offer students an abundance of knowledge, they also give them a beautiful place to learn it in.

From having ancient libraries to boasting botanical gardens to being UNESCO World Heritage Sites, keep scrolling to see some of the most beautiful universities in the world.

View As: One Page Slides

University of Cambridge – Cambridge, England

Punters passing by King’s College, Cambridge, on the River Cam.

Premier Photo/ Shutterstock

Not only is Cambridge one of the best universities in the world, it is also one of the most beautiful. Each of the university’s 29 undergraduate colleges has a unique design and architecture, making each stunning in its own way. Of course, the winding River Cam makes the university grounds even more dreamy.

National Autonomous University of Mexico – Mexico City, Mexico

National Autonomous University of Mexico.

BondRocketImages/ Shutterstock

The National Autonomous University of Mexico is so stunning that it has been deemed a UNESCO World Heritage site. The school was designed by some of Mexico’s best-known architects, and the murals on the main campus were painted by recognized Mexican artists like Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros.

University of Coimbra – Coimbra, Portugal

Statue of King João III at the University of Coimbra.

saiko3p/ Shutterstock

The University of Coimbra is the oldest university in Portugal, dating back more than seven centuries. It’s dotted with ancient statues, like the one of King João III pictured above, which stands outside an elaborate doorway to the Joanina Library — often considered one of the most beautiful libraries in the world.

Oxford University – Oxford, England

The Radcliffe Camera at the University of Oxford.

Tejvan Pettinger/Flickr

The University of Oxford dates back to 1167, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Thanks to its impressive age, it features examples of almost every major architectural style — from the ancient Saxon to Palladian.

You may recognize its Christ Church College from “Harry Potter” films, where it doubled as Hogwarts’ Great Hall.

Yale University – New Haven, Connecticut

Yale University.

f11photo/ Shutterstock

Located in New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University is famous for is Gothic Revival architecture and Ivy League status. It features buildings designed by famous architects, like Frank Gehry, Louis Kahn, and Eero Saarinen.

Lomonosov Moscow State University – Moscow, Russia

Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Via Wikimedia Commons

Lomonosov Moscow State University’s impressive Main Building is 787 feet at its peak, making it the tallest university building in the world.

University of St Andrews – St Andrews, Scotland

University of St Andrews.

Photo Holidays/ Shutterstock

The University of St Andrews is Scotland’s very first university, having been founded between 1410 and 1413. Its campus is filled with medieval architecture and courtyards, and it even provided the romantic backdrop to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge’s romance.

Stanford University – Stanford, California

Stanford University.

Kazuhisa OTSUBO/flickr

Stanford University is one of the largest college campuses in the United States, spanning 8,180 acres. It features sprawling lawns, dramatic driveways, and flowerbeds designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, who co-created New York City’s Central Park.

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven – Leuven, Belgium

Main Building of the University of Leuven in Belgium.

Juhanson, Wikipedia

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven is Belgium’s largest university, and, founded in 1425, one of the oldest in Europe. Its gorgeous main building used to be a chateau dating back to the 15th century.

University of Salamanca – Salamanca, Spain

University of Salamanca.

roberaten/ Shutterstock

The University of Salamanca is the oldest university in Spain, and famous for its Baroque architecture. It’s also home to a stunning library that is said to be one of the most beautiful libraries in the world.

University of Virginia – Charlottesville, Virginia

The Rotunda at the University of Virginia.

ImagineerInc/ Shutterstock

Founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1819, the University of Virginia’s campus has a “presidential touch.” In fact, Jefferson has said that UVA was one of his proudest accomplishments. One of the university’s most well-known buildings is the Palladian-style rotunda, said to have been inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

University of Helsinki – Helsinki, Finland

University of Helsinki botanical garden.

Shutterstock

The city center campus of the University of Helsinki is made up of stunning pastel buildings, and features the largest academic library in Finland. However, its biggest architectural gem is its idyllic Botanical Garden, which has 10 acres of plants used for research purposes.

Tsinghua University – Beijing, China

Tsinghua University grounds.

HelloRF Zcool/ Shutterstock

Tsinghua University in Beijing is located on the former site of the Qing Dynasty’s royal gardens. The campus still houses traditional Chinese landscaping, like ponds covered in lotus blossoms, as well as historic buildings.

Harvard University – Cambridge, Massachusetts

Harvard University.

REUTERS

Harvard’s iconic red brick buildings and architectural gems like the High Victorian Gothic Memorial Hall make it not only one of the most prestigious universities in the world, but also one of the most beautiful.

Trinity College – Dublin, Ireland

The Old Library at Trinity College.

Shutterstock/VanderWolf Images

Trinity College is Ireland’s oldest university. Its most iconic building is the Old Library, which was founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1592, and is known for its Baroque style (as well as for being home to the famous Book of Kells, a holy manuscript from the Middle Ages).

École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts – Paris, France

Palais des Études at École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts.

Jean-Pierre Dalbéra / Flickr

The most prestigious fine arts university in France, it’s no wonder École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts is so stunning. The jewel of the campus is the Palais des Études, which features bronze-cast wreaths, Roman-style paintings, and a spectacular grand courtyard.

Queen’s University Belfast – Belfast, UK

The Lanyon Building Queen’s University Belfast.

Serg Zastavkin/ Shutterstock

Queen’s University in Belfast has over 300 buildings, but is best known for the Tudor Gothic-style Lanyon building, which opened in 1849.

Wake Forest University – Winston-Salem, North Carolina

The entrance to Wake Forest Universities Hearn Plaza aka “the Upper Quad.”

Shutterstock/ Bryan Pollard

Wake Forest University is ranked the most beautiful college campus in the state of North Carolina, going up against stunning school’s like Duke, UNC Chapel Hill, and High Point University. Although beautiful above ground, the university also has an elaborate system of underground tunnels and a Navy bunker that was supposedly built for President John F. Kennedy during the Cold War. Now the underground walls are covered in elaborate graffiti and are available to explore only on exclusive tours.

The University of Copenhagen – Copenhagen, Denmark

The University of Copenhagen.

Roman Babakin/Shutterstock

The University of Copenhagen’s main building is located in Frue Plads, a picturesque Neo-Gothic square in the heart of the Danish capital. Despite being in the middle of the city, the campus offers many quiet spaces, such as its beautiful botanical garden.

University of Bologna – Bologna, Italy

A courtyard at the University of Bologna.

posztos/ Shutterstock

The University of Bologna was founded over a thousand years ago, in the year 1088, and is considered the oldest university in continuous operation in the world. In the middle of beautiful Bologna, every corner turned reveals a stunning building, but its ancient Viale del Risorgimento, which is filled with an impressive collection of ancient tomes, might be one of the most beautiful.

(C)

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.11

9 – Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends, where the Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine being established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hundred years. 1185 – Isaac II Angelos kills Stephen Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronikos I Komnenos and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire. 1226 – The first recorded instance of the Catholic practice of perpetual Eucharistic adoration formally begins in Avignon, France. 1297 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English. 1390 – Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92): The Teutonic Knights begin a five-week siege of Vilnius. 1541 – Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco. 1565 – Ottoman forces retreat from Malta ending the Great Siege of Malta. 1609 – Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there. 1649 – Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison. 1683 – Battle of Vienna: Coalition forces, including the famous winged Hussars, led by Polish King John III Sobieski lift the siege laid by Ottoman forces. 1697 – Battle of Zenta: a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history. 1708 – Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to conquer Moscow outside Smolensk, marking the turning point in the Great Northern War. The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the Swedish Empire ceases to be a major power. 1709 – Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France. 1714 – Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession. 1758 – Battle of Saint Cast: France repels British invasion during the Seven Years' War. 1775 – Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1776 – British–American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolutionary War. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Brandywine: The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Sugarloaf Massacre: A small detachment of militia from Northampton County are attacked by Native Americans and Loyalists near Little Nescopeck Creek. 1786 – The beginning of the Annapolis Convention. 1789 – Alexander Hamilton is appointed the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. 1792 – The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house where they are stored. 1800 – The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball. 1802 – France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont. 1803 – Battle of Delhi, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, between British troops under General Lake, and Marathas of Scindia's army under General Louis Bourquin. 1813 – War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington, D.C.. 1814 – War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war. 1826 – Captain William Morgan, an ex-freemason is arrested in Batavia, New York for debt after declaring that he would publish The Mysteries of Free Masonry, a book against Freemasonry. This sets into motion the events that lead to his mysterious disappearance. 1829 – Surrender of the expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown to retake Mexico. This was the consummation of Mexico's campaign for independence. 1830 – Anti-Masonic Party convention; one of the first American political party conventions. 1836 – The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed by rebels after defeating Empire of Brazil's troops in the Battle of Seival, during the Ragamuffin War. 1851 – Christiana Resistance: Escaped slaves stand against their former owner in armed resistance in Christiana, Pennsylvania, creating a rallying cry for the abolitionist movement. 1852 – Outbreak of Revolution of September 11 resulting in the State of Buenos Aires declaring independence as a Republic. 1857 – The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah. 1893 – Swami Vivekananda's address at the First Parliament of the World's Religions. 1897 – After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom. 1903 – The first race at the Milwaukee Mile in West Allis, Wisconsin is held. It is the oldest major speedway in the world. 1905 – The Ninth Avenue derailment occurs in New York City, killing 13. 1914 – World War I: Australia invades German New Guinea, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka. 1916 – The Quebec Bridge's central span collapses, killing 11 men. The bridge previously collapsed completely on August 29, 1907. 1919 – United States Marine Corps invades Honduras. 1921 – Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine, is settled as part of a Zionist plan of creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel. 1922 – The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. 1922 – The Sun News-Pictorial is founded in Melbourne, Australia. 1927 – Crimean earthquakes. 1941 – Charles Lindbergh's Des Moines Speech accusing the British, Jews and FDR's administration of pressing for war with Germany. 1941 – Ground breaking commences for The Pentagon, the future home of the United States Department of Defense, sixty years to the day before it was attacked on September 11, 2001. 1943 – World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija ending the Italian occupation of Corsica. 1944 – World War II: The Western Allied invasion of Germany begins near the city of Aachen. 1944 – World War II: RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500. 1945 – World War II: Australian 9th Division forces liberate the Japanese-run Batu Lintang camp, a POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo. 1950 – Korean War: President Harry S. Truman approved military operations north of the 38th parallel. 1954 – Hurricane Edna hits New England as a Category 2 hurricane, causing significant damage and 29 deaths. 1961 – Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state. 1965 – Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Army captures the town of Burki, just southeast of Lahore. 1968 – Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and six crew. 1970 – The Dawson's Field hijackers release 88 of their hostages. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25. 1971 – The Egyptian Constitution becomes official. 1972 – The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system begins passenger service. 1973 – A coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende. Pinochet exercises dictatorial power until ousted in a referendum in 1988, staying in power until 1990. 1973 – JAT Airways Flight 769 crashes into the Maganik mountain range while on approach to Titograd Airport, killing 35 passengers and six crew. 1974 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew. 1976 – A bomb planted by a Croatian terrorist, Zvonko Bušić, is found at New York's Grand Central Terminal; one NYPD officer is killed trying to defuse it. 1978 – Janet Parker, a British medical photographer, became the last recorded person to die from smallpox. In light of this incident, all known stocks of smallpox were destroyed or transferred to one of two Biosafety level 4, WHO reference laboratories for smallpox. 1980 – Voters approve a new Constitution of Chile, later amended after the departure of President Pinochet. 1982 – The international forces that were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon leave Beirut. Five days later, several thousand refugees are massacred in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps by Phalange forces. 1985 – Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record for most career hits with his 4,192nd hit. 1989 – Hungary announces that the East German refugees who had been housed in temporary camps were free to leave for West Germany. 1991 – Continental Express Flight 2574 crashes in Colorado County, Texas, near Eagle Lake, killing 11 passengers and three crew. 1992 – Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates the Hawaiian islands of Kauai and Oahu. 1995 – RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 hits a 29-metre (95 ft.) rogue wave during Hurricane Luis causing her to list 55 degrees. 1997 – NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars. 1997 – After a nationwide referendum, Scotland votes to establish a devolved parliament within the United Kingdom. 2001 – The September 11 attacks, a series of coordinated suicide attacks killing 2,996 people using four aircraft hijacked by 19 members of al-Qaeda. Two aircraft crash into the World Trade Center in New York City, a third crashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.[6] 2005 – Israel had completed the disengagement from Gaza plan. 2007 – Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of All Bombs. 2008 – A major Channel Tunnel fire breaks out on a freight train, resulting in the closure of part of the tunnel for six months. 2011 – The National September 11 Memorial & Museum opens on the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks. 2012 – A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan. 2012 – The U.S. embassy in Benghazi, Libya is attacked, resulting in four deaths. 2015 – A crane collapses onto the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Saudi Arabia, killing 111 people and injuring 394 others.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.11

1185 – Isaac II Angelos kills Stephen Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronikos I Komnenos and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire. 1226 – The Roman Catholic practice of public adoration of the Blessed Sacrament outside of Mass spreads from monasteries to parishes. 1297 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly-led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English. 1390 – Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92): The Teutonic Knights begin a five-week siege of Vilnius. 1541 – Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco. 1565 – Ottoman forces retreat from Malta ending the Great Siege of Malta. 1609 – Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there. 1649 – Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison. 1697 – Battle of Zenta: a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history. 1708 – Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to conquer Moscow outside Smolensk, marking the turning point in the Great Northern War. The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the Swedish Empire ceases to be a major power. 1709 – Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France. 1714 – Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession. 1758 – Battle of Saint Cast: France repels British invasion during the Seven Years' War. 1775 – Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1776 – British–American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolutionary War. 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Brandywine: The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Sugarloaf Massacre: A small detachment of militia from Northampton County are attacked by Native Americans and Loyalists near Little Nescopeck Creek. 1786 – The beginning of the Annapolis Convention. 1789 – Alexander Hamilton is appointed the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. 1792 – The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house where they are stored. 1800 – The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball. 1802 – France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont. 1803 – Battle of Delhi, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, between British troops under General Lake, and Marathas of Scindia's army under General Louis Bourquin. 1813 – War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington, D.C.. 1814 – War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war. 1826 – Captain William Morgan, an ex-freemason is arrested in Batavia, New York for debt after declaring that he would publish The Mysteries of Free Masonry, a book against Freemasonry. This sets into motion the events that lead to his mysterious disappearance. 1829 – Surrender of the expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown in order to retake Mexico. This was the consummation of Mexico's campaign for independence. 1830 – Anti-Masonic Party convention; one of the first American political party conventions. 1836 – The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed by rebels after defeating Empire of Brazil's troops in the Battle of Seival, during the Ragamuffin War. 1851 – Christiana Resistance: Escaped slaves stand against their former owner in armed resistance in Christiana, Pennsylvania, creating a rallying cry for the abolitionist movement. 1852 – The State of Buenos Aires secedes from the Argentine Federal government, rejoining on September 17, 1861. Several places are named Once de Septiembre after this event. 1857 – The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah. 1897 – After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom. 1903 – The first race at the Milwaukee Mile in West Allis, Wisconsin is held. It is the oldest major speedway in the world. 1905 – The Ninth Avenue derailment occurs in New York City, killing 13. 1914 – Australia invades New Britain, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka. 1916 – The Quebec Bridge's central span collapses, killing 11 men. The bridge previously collapsed completely on August 29, 1907. 1919 – United States Marine Corps invades Honduras. 1921 – Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine, is settled as part of a Zionist plan of creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel. 1922 – The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia. 1922 – The Sun News-Pictorial is founded in Melbourne, Australia. 1939 – World War II: Canada declares war on Germany, the country's first independent declaration of war 1941 – Charles Lindbergh's Des Moines Speech accusing the British, Jews and FDR's administration of pressing for war with Germany. 1943 – World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija ending the Italian occupation of Corsica. 1943 – World War II: Start of the Nazi liquidation of the Minsk and Lida ghettos. 1944 – World War II: The Western Allied invasion of Germany begins near the city of Aachen. 1944 – World War II: RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500. 1945 – World War II: Australian 9th Division forces liberate the Japanese-run Batu Lintang camp, a POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo. 1950 – Korean War: President Harry S. Truman approved military operations north of the 38th parallel. 1954 – Hurricane Edna hits New England as a Category 2 hurricane, causing significant damage and 29 deaths. 1961 – Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state. 1965 – Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Army captures the town of Burki, just southeast of Lahore. 1968 – Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and six crew. 1970 – The Dawson's Field hijackers release 88 of their hostages. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25. 1971 – The Egyptian Constitution becomes official. 1972 – The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system begins passenger service. 1973 – A coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende. Pinochet exercises dictatorial power until ousted in a referendum in 1988, staying in power until 1990. 1974 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew. 1976 – A bomb planted by a Croatian terrorist, Zvonko Bušić, is found at New York's Grand Central Terminal; one NYPD officer is killed trying to defuse it. 1980 – Voters approve a new Constitution of Chile, later amended after the departure of President Pinochet. 1981 – The bombing of La Moneda in Chile by the CIA-backed Junta's Armed Forces. 1982 – The international forces that were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon leave Beirut. Five days later, several thousand refugees are massacred in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps by Phalange forces. 1985 – Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record for most career hits with his 4,192nd hit. 1989 – Hungary announces that the East German refugees who had been housed in temporary camps were free to leave for West Germany. 1992 – Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates the Hawaiian islands of Kauai and Oahu. 1997 – NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars. 1997 – After a nationwide referendum, Scotland votes to establish a devolved parliament within the United Kingdom. 2001 – Two hijacked aircraft crash into the World Trade Center in New York City, while a third smashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, in a series of coordinated suicide attacks by 19 members of al-Qaeda. A total of 2,996 people are killed. 2007 – Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of All Bombs. 2008 – A major Channel Tunnel fire broke out on a freight train, resulting in the closure of part of the tunnel for 6 months. 2012 – A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan. 2012 – The U.S. embassy in Benghazi, Libya is attacked, resulting in four deaths. 2015 – A crane collapses onto the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Saudi Arabia, killing 111 people and injuring 394 others.