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asessay-blog · 7 years

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Paper范文：About Mary the Quene

今天Asessay为大家分享一篇Paper范文--About Mary the Quene，本篇文章所讨论的有关的内容是关于玛丽女王，可以供同学们学习下。对于玛丽女王一世，她是英国历史上具有争议的一个人物，因为她有个艰难的童年和怀孕的失败，致使她的一生都充满了悲剧。在父亲那里，她的父亲并没有给她父爱，对于她的丈夫，她丈夫也并不爱她。而在她最后的日子里，她便不得不把她的王位传给了伊丽莎白一世。还有一个原因便是因为她还是个暴君。她强迫人们改变自己的信仰，对于新的教徒，她还进行了迫害，这也是导致英国与法国的战争彻底失败的原因。

Marye the Queen (England) is a controversial dominator in history, which is well known as Bloody Mary. This essay is aimed to introduce this famous historical figure, which can be divided into four parts. The first part briefly introduces her life story. The second part analyzes her major events in history. The third part discusses her influence in history and the reasons for her failure. The fourth part concludes the whole essay.

Brief introduction of Marye the Queen

Marye the Queen (England) was born on 18 February 1516, Queen of England and Ireland. She was the fourth monarch of the Tudor Dynasty and an extremely devout Catholic. Her life was short in the long history, which can be introduced from two aspects.

Early life story

Mary lived in an unhappy family. In her childhood, her parents lived harmoniously and happily. In her early adolescent period, her father, Henry VIII, began publicly snubbed her mother Catherine, because her mother was unable to give birth to a royal prince. Mary witnessed the unfair treatment to her mother, but her mother always maintained a queen's style.

In 1532, Henry VIII took final measures. He forbade the queen to meet Mary and wanted to divorce with the queen. The Pope denied Henry's petition for divorce in Rome, but her father still broke up with the Vatican and established the Anglican Church in England. In 1533, in a diatribe in England, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn entered the marriage hall. For Mary, she was completely forgotten by the palace.

Her ruling experience

With continuous efforts, she finally became the Queen of England on 1 October 1553. She died on 17 November 1558. During her short dominant period, three distinctive aspects can be discussed.

Firstly, it was the misfortune of her early life that created her cruel and cold character. In 1553, after her brother Edward VI died from pneumonia, she launched a coup with support from England people and imprisoned appointed heir of Edward VI. During the Age of Marye the Queen, England was returned to the Catholic dominated era, which was intolerable for England people and the aristocracy. Therefore, her failure was doomed from the start. She also sought to deprive her sister Elizabeth I’s inheritance and created a "false pregnancy" incident, which became a laughingstock in the streets and lanes.

Secondly, she made the decision of the alliance of England and Spain, which was one of her most frightful decisions. She got married with her cousin Philip II of Spain. She tried to rely on this marriage to defend the dominance of Catholicism. In order to achieve this purpose, she even killed more than 300 Protestants and obtained the title of "Bloody Mary".

Thirdly, England was defeated by France and lost the territory of Calais. The loss of Calais meant England lost its final stronghold in Europe. The defeat of the war hurt the hearts of the people of England. Mary finally understood that no matter how she persecuted Elizabeth, the image of Elizabeth was still in the minds of the people. She had no choice but to pass the throne to Elizabeth. On November 7, 1558, when the 42-year-old queen died, her successor Elizabeth was ready to go out of Tower of London in the spotlight of people.

In a summary, Mary had an unfortunate childhood, which created a unique character. She implemented tough policies and made wrong decisions, which lost the hearts of local people. During her short dominance, she hadn’t made many contributions to the country and the people.

Key Incidents of Marye the Quene

Marriage

After the coronation, Mary was 37 years old, so she hoped to find the right husband as soon as possible in order to give birth to the heir to the throne. At that time, Charlie V suggested her to marry with his only son, Philip II. It was said that when Mary saw Philip’s portrait, she claimed that she had fallen in love with the Spanish prince, and immediately promised marriage.

On 23 July 1554, both of them met for the first time. Two days after, the wedding was held. However, Philip’s marriage with Mary was purely based on political interests. Meanwhile, the marriage of the Queen and the Spanish was not universally welcomed by England people.

Domestic politics

Because of Mary's insistence on getting married to the Prince Philip II of Spain, the domestic Protestants took this as an excuse to launch riots. Jane Gray's father insisted that his daughter was the rightful queen of England. Thomas led the army from Kent to London in the name of supporting Elizabeth. After the riot was suppressed, Jane Gray's father, husband and her husband were accused of high treason. Although Elizabeth insisted that she did not participate in the uprising, she still was imprisoned in the Tower of London for two months and then under house arrest.

Religion

As Queen, Mary was very nervous about the problem of England religion. She refused to admit the Protestant Church of Rome. She made England and the Vatican compound again.

Edward's religious law was also abolished by Mary. She also tried to persuade Congress to repeal the law of Protestant King Henry VIII made. In order to get the agreement of the parliament members, Mary made a big concession. Finally, she forced people to convert from Protestantism to Catholicism.

Religious persecution

In order to protect the position of Catholicism and destroy the power of Protestantism, a number of Protestant leaders were executed and burned. There were about 800 rich Protestants chose to exile in other countries. Religious persecution lasted for four years and the number of deaths was unknown. Nowadays, in Sussex Lewis, these martyrs are memorized through the campfire. Meanwhile, in other parts of the world, these people are still deeply honored.

Foreign Policy

Although Henry VIII had established in 1542 the Kingdom of Ireland, European Catholicism had not admitted England to govern Ireland. However, Mary, in 1555, made the Pope recognized and admitted that she and her husband were both Irish monarchs.

After Philip II of the Spanish accepted throne, he lobbied Mary to join with Spain to fight against the war with France. Her husband's request made Mary feel embarrassed. If England supported Spain, England must declared war on France. Scotland and France had friendly diplomatic relations and the war would threaten the security of England. Meanwhile, the trade between England and France stopped, but the economy had always been weak from the dominance of Edward VI. Finally, Mary still agreed to support Spain, which violated the marriage agreement. The anti-Spain voice of Protestants sounded again, but Mary didn’t change her mind. During the war, on 13January 1558, England lost Calais harbor, which was its only occupied territory in continental Europe. Although Calais had become England's economic burden, the lost of the harbor of England was a pity. Mary was also lamenting later.

Business trade and income

England's biggest problem was the decline of Antwerp's fabric trade. Although Mary and Philip got married, England didn’t make profits from the trade with Spain. Spain was careful to protect the trade and didn’t allow other countries to intervene in. Mary, as a Spanish queen, couldn’t accept the smuggling from England merchants. In order to expand trade and save the economy of England, Mary continued to look for new business ports in Europe.

In a short summary, Mary had made a lot of detrimental decisions on the development of England. One key element is the persuasion from Philip II. Her husband protected the profits of its own countries and sacrificed the benefits of England. These key incidents had led England to a wrong direction.

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english-royal-history-1455-1603 · 7 years

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JULY 18 1553 -A decisive move puts Mary at the forefront of this struggle when the Earl of Oxford decides to switch alliances and declare for her. The Earl of Oxford, John de Vere, was a staunch Protestant but like many he was also an opportunist and seeing where the tide went, he followed. His defection is extremely important since he controlled most of Essex and was a renown military leader. Like nearly a century earlier when another Earl of Oxford had helped her grandfather gain his crown, he would help Mary gain hers. On that same day, with victory nearly in her grasp, she signed a proclamation with the words: “Marye the Quene”. Meanwhile John Dudley and William Parr moved against her forces on Bury St. Edmunds, completely unaware that many members were already conspiring against them, namely the Earls of Pembroke and Arundel. The defection of the Earl of Oxford to her side was vital, With him on her side she had the most experienced and brilliant military minds in England. It put her in a matter of speaking a breathe away from the crown. Victory is nearly here and she feels more confident than ever but there is still the Nobles loyal to Lady Jane Dudly(nee Grey) to deal with. Some were already turning away from Jane.

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mary-tudor · 2 years

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On a day like this: Queen Katherine, first wife of King Henry VIII of England, gives birth to a daughter at Greenwich in 1516. She was named Mary after the princess's paternal aunt and would rise to English throne in 1553 as Queen Mary I. Her reign was destined to last only five years and she was succeeded by her half-sister, Elizabeth.

#Queen Mary I #mary I of England #mary I #mary i tudor #queen mary of england #queen mary #marye the quene #mary tudor edit #mary tudor #tudor edit #tudor dynasty #tudor england #saoirse ronain #angela cremonte

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mary-tudor · 2 years

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#tudor dynasty #tudor #tudors #house of tudor #mary tudor #mary i #queen mary #marye the quene #mary i of England

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mary-tudor · 3 years

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~Letter Signed by Mary Tudor and by Philip II (of Spain) as King of England to William, Baron Paget (1505/6-1603), 29 January 1555.~

“The letter orders Lord Paget and 'Lord Clynton' to attend at Windsor Castle as commissioners to oversee the installation of Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, and Lord Howard of Effingham 'high Admirall of England' as members of the Order of the Garter.”

'Right trusty and welbeloved we grete you well. And where as we have appointed you together with our right trusty and welbeloved the lorde Clynton to be in com'ission for the instalment in our Castle of windesour as well of our derest and most entirely beloved Cousin the duke of savoy by his Ambassadour Resident here [i.e. as the duke's proxy], as of our right trusty and welbeloved counselor the lorde Howarde of Effingham our high Admirall of England, being both of them lately chosen to be of the fellowship and companions of our order of the Garter. We have thought good not onely to gyve you knowledge hereof by these our l[ett]res, but allso to require you to make your repayre to our said Castle of windesour, for as ye may be there by tommorrow at nyht being weddeinsday the xxxth you may procede to the sayd instalment accordingly. Geven under our Signet at our Pallauce of westminstre the xxixth of January the first and seconde yeres of our Reignes. [1555]'

Link: https://www.manuscripts.co.uk/stock/26614.HTM

#queen mary i #mary i of england #mary tudor #marye the quene #phillip ii of spain #felipe ii de españa #Felipe II #Phillip II #Queen Mary #Mary I #Tudor dynasty #Tudor England #The Tudors #tudor sources #primary sources

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mary-tudor · 3 years

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A study of the rise of Mary Tudor as Queen of England.

“On the 4th July 1553, two days before Edward Vi's death, Mary "set out secretly from Hunsdon" in Hertfordshire and travelled to Sawston Hall in Cambridgeshire, the home of sir John Huddleston. Two days later her party moved on to the earl of Bath's house in Suffolk, Hengrave Hall. They reached lady Burgh's residence, Euston Hall, near Thetford, on the 8th July.

There "she was told of the king's death by her goldsmith, a citizen of London, newly returned from the City", and on "this account she stayed there no longer, but hurried on to her house at Kenninghall". The news was confirmed by Doctor John Hughes and Mary decided to challenge the duke of Northumberland for the throne. [...]

She was accompanied only by her household servants, numbering no more than sixty, according to Robert Wingfield. Among the principal members of her retinue, Robert Rochester, Edward Waldegrave, sir Francis Englefield, Henry Jerningham, and her secretary John Bourne, only one was a knight.

On the 9th July she sent to the council in London, commanding their obedience and proclaiming herself queen. Simultaneously she sent out letters "in all directions to draw all the gentlemen of the surrounding countryside to do fealty to their sovereign".

Sir Edward Hastings was ordered to support her in Middlesex and Buckinghamshire. Within three days she had been joined by the earl of Bath, sir Thomas Wharton, sir John Mordaunt, sir Richard Southwell, sir William Drury, sir Edmund Peckham, Thomas Morgan, Richard Freston, Ralph Chamberlain, Robert Strelley, and others.

Sir John Huddleston while on his way to Mary encountered Henry Radcliffe, one of the sons of the earl of Sussex, carrying letters to London from his father. He was conveyed to Mary and soon the earl of Sussex, sir Thomas Wharton's brother-in-law, had also joined her. On the 12th July she moved over the Suffolk border to the castle of Framlingham, joined en route by sir Thomas Cornwallis.

The same day Norwich, which had initially refused to open its gates to her messengers on the 11th, became the first town to declare for Mary. Henry Jerningham on the 15th heard of six ships (sent by Northumberland to prevent her escaping to the continent) lying off Great Yannouth. The town had committed itself to Mary after its municipal representatives had witnessed her proclamation in Norwich. By the time he arrived in the town the captains had rowed back aboard.[...]

The ships furnished Mary's swelling ranks of supporters with ordnance. The areas around her Hunsdon residence in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire provided substantial numbers under sir Thomas Wharton, sir Edmund Peckham, and lord Hastings. (Hastings was said to have brought over a force of 4,000 troops from Middlesex and Buckinghamshire.)

The fact that within days of her letters, she had been joined by gentry with armed and provisioned retinues and that even before this happened she sent to be proclaimed in London, provides powerful evidence to support the suggestion "that Mary had lined up her loyal followers in readiness in these areas... well before Edward's death"

Northumberland left London through Shoreditch on the 13th July and reached Cambridge with an army of about 3, 000 by the 16th. He had followed the strategy in his Letters Patent, appealing to xenophobia in the light of anxieties about female authority by invoking the fear of greater foreign influence or invasion. At 7pm on the 16th in London the gates of the Tower "upon a sudden was shut, and the keyes caryed upp to the quene Jane".

Two days later a dozen of the Councillors locked up in the Tower (the earls of Bedford, Arundel, Pembroke, Shrewsbuiy, and Worcester, lords Paget, Darcy and Cobham, Cheyne, Cheke, Paulet and sir John Mason) slipped away from the Tower to the earl of Pembroke's residence at Baynard's castle. There they were joined by the mayor and certain aldermen.

A proclamation for Mary was drawn up and then two heralds, around 6pm on the 19th were sent into London to St. Paul's Cross in Cheap. [...] Disunity in his {Northumberland’s} army had already led to the defections of lords Howard and Grey, and when on the 18th, as he moved towards Mary's army, the news of the earl of Oxford's defection reached him through Henry Gate, he retreated to Bury and then to Cambridge. There he learnt on the 19th that London and the Council had proclaimed Mary in his absence. Northumberland published the Council's proclamation himself the next morning.

Lord Paget and the earl of Arundel arrived on the 20th at Framlingham with a letter from the council and the mayor and aldermen's London proclamation of Mary, to offer their submission. The earl of Arundel was sent to Cambridge the following day to arrest Northumberland, whose army had already begun to disperse and who had been belatedly surrounded and incarcerated by the mayor.

Contemporary chroniclers believed that her victory was the result of her popularity. One observer, the Spaniard Antonio de Guaras claimed: "es de marauillar el amor que este pueblo tiene a esta Señora que cierto offenden a nuestro Señor en ello porque le dexan de querer y la adoran". [...]

The provincial rising's success against central government had relied on the support of middle-ranking gentry in the counties, several of whom had connections with the fallen Howards. Mary's local support can not be explained though, as that of an 'out' faction, excluded from the patronage of the regency government. It was, however, Catholic and conservative: "activists in Mary's coup were Catholic nobles and gentlemen". In Norfolk alone of fourteen magnate families, the two who backed her, sir Henry Bedingfield's and sir Robert Southwell's were both strongly Catholic.

“The list of those swearing loyalty to Mary during these early days, like the list of those receiving rewards for service at Kenninghall and Framlingham, contains catholic name after catholic name... when in 1561 Dr. Sanders composed a list of catholic gentlemen who were suffering as a result of the accession of a protestant monarch it bore an uncanny resemblance to the earlier list of those rewarded in 1553: Browne, Waldegrave, Hastings, Sir Thomas Wharton, and Sir Thomas Mordaunt.

No nobleman sympathetic to protestantism supported Mary, and most of those who came to her aid were committed catholics. Thus the earl of Derby, for example, had opposed the religious changes of Edward's reign, Lord Dacre, who marched south to join Mary, had voted in the House of Lords against the 1549 Prayer Book and was to remain a catholic in Elizabeth's reign, and Lord Windsor, who assisted Hastings in proclaiming Mary in Buckinghamshire, had persistently voted against the religious innovations of the previous reign. Thomas West, Lord Delaware, had opposed the Edwardian Prayer Books as he had earlier opposed the dissolution of the monasteries. The earl of Bath, although he played little part in public affairs in Edward's reign, had voted against the bill for the marriage of priests.”

A contributory factor in her success may have been the brutal suppression by Northumberland four years earlier in 1549 of a serious popular rising in Norfolk - Keft's rebellion. This was one reason, which had persuaded Northumberland to take the field in person: "because that he had atchieved the victory in Norfolke once already, and was therefore so feared, that none durst lift up their weapon against him".'°° Fear of Northumberland may have driven some Norfolk towns into the arms of the Marians. This can not account for her proclamations' success elsewhere, in defiance of the government.

The coup's allegedly popular character ("noblemen's tenauntes refused to serve their lordes agaynst quene Mary"),'°' the notion that an act of national judgement swept her to the throne, ignores the role of municipal hierarchies. News of the scale of the risings in the provinces was instrumental in persuading peers on the Council to desert Northumberland. Although the struggle centred on East Anglia, the region of Mary's affinity, it also enjoyed key backing elsewhere; in Oxfordshire (where sir John Williams proclaimed Mary), Buckinghamshire (where sir Edward Hastings and lord Windsor did the same), and the Thames Valley: "the queen learnt from her scouts, who were ranging far and wide, that the people of Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Northamptonshire were in arms and supported her cause".'°

In other parts of the country the earl of Oxford (allegedly persuaded by his household servants), lord Rich, the earl of Derby and lord Dacre (in the north), sir Thomas Cheney and sir John Gage marshalled support.'° In Wales where Mary had resided as princess of Wales from 1525-1 533, in Denbigh and Beaumaris, the Northumerland adherents Ellis Price and Richard Bulkeley declared lady Jane Grey queen and Mary a traitor. These decisions were quickly reversed and the "lies of Beaumaris" were denounced by the bard Siôn Brwynog: the country "wished for its welfare", "judging her to be Queen".'°

Others welcomed the "genial Queen from the heart of Gwynedd with her fortunate face" and the "silencing [of] those Saxons".'°The pleasure and fidelity of the Welsh, at the victory of the 'Welsh' Tudor dynasty reflected an affinity for their countrymen. In London on the 19th, in contrast to the silent reception of the herald's proclamation of Jane, Mary's had been received joyously: "The bonefires weare without nomber, and what with showtynge and crienge of the people and ringinge of the belles, theare could no one heare amoste what another sayd, besides banketyngs and synging in the street for joye".'°Another anonymous London chronicle recorded similarly that "the Joye whereof wonderfull for some caste money abrod, & some made bonfyars thorowe the whole cyte: the prayses were geuen to God in the churches with te deum & orgaynes, belles ryngynge & euery wher the tables spredd in the stretes, meate & drynke plentye, wyne geuen ffrely of many men".

The ringing of bells was a symbolically Catholic mode of expression. Bells had been being exported (cf. Thomas Pery, p.3) and taken down since the 1530s. Diego de Azevedo, resident in London at the time of the accession crisis, described Mary's victory:

“La Infanta Maria hermana del Rey muerto, sabida la muerte de su hermano, se fue al [...], y alli se fueron para ella todos los mas principales del reyno, y de alli se vino al paso de concetayna, y hizo muy breuemente mas de treinta mu hombres, y con ellos se vino la buelta de Londres.

Sabido esto por los del reyno, todos se alcaron por ella, y tomaron en prision al Duque Baurique, y al rey, y ala reyna nuevamente eligidos, y abs demas que eran en su favor y la Reyna Maria, (digo de Inglaterra) entra oy dia, que esta escribo, o mañana en Londres, a donde luego sera jurada, y cortara las cabecas a todos, ecepto ala reyna, que fue eligida, que desta dizen que auido piedad; y la reyna, y el reyno queda todo pacifico.

Por cierto que parescen cosas increybles estos acontecimientos, los quales yo creo que no pueden acaecer en ninguno reyno. La reyna es cristianissima, y asi la ha ayudado Dios: bo primero que haze es tomar la fe Catholica en su ser, como de antes: tendra poco que hazer en ello, porque los mas de los erejes, lo eran mas de miedo del Rey, y Protetor, que de sus voluntades. Prosperos succesos han sido todos para su Mag. y el mas prospero es que tiene salud y trata negocios.'°

According to Azevedo's account, the key to her success had been 'todos los mas principales del reyno' declaring for her and persuading the whole kingdom to rise up 'por ella'. Even the partisan Azevedo recognised that Mary's victory was not a triumph of Tudor legitimism.

[...] After her proclamation in London on the 19th, "that same nyght had the [most] parte of London Te Deum, with bone-fyers in every strete in London, with good chere at every bone[f'er], the bells ryngynge in every parych cherch".'°The credibility of this evidence is supported by the fact that the so-called Tower chronicler is believed to have been a reformer and adherent of Jane Grey. The story of Mary's accession is perhaps powerftilly suggestive that her Catholicism played a greater role in her success than is credited.

At Ipswich Mary was presented with a golden heart inscribed 'the heart of the people'. She visited her father's palace of Beaulieu at Colchester, sir William Petre's residence, Ingatestone Hall in Essex, Pirgoe, and then Havering. Finally she made her entry into London on the evening of the 3rd August 1553: the "nomber of velvet coats that did ride before hir, aswell strangers as others, was 740; and the nomber of ladyes and gentlemen that folowede was 180″. She was accompanied by her half-sister Elizabeth "and a grette company of ladys wyth hare", the guard and "after them Northampton and Oxfordshire men, and then Buckinghamshire men, and after them the lordes' servants; the whole nomber of horsemen weare esteemed to be about 10,000. A central place was given to the men from the counties who had been key in her success. At Whitechapel "the mayer with the aldermen reseved hare, and he delyveryd hare the swerd, and she toke it to the erie of Arnedelle, and he bare it before hare, and the mayer the masse [mace].”

Three political prisoners, symbolic of the religious and political reversal represented by Mary, were released by her when she reached the Tower; Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, Edward Courtenay, marquis of Exeter, and Stephen Gardiner, bishop of Winchester. The conservative Howard had been imprisoned when it had become clear that Henry Vifi was dying; a victim of the reformed faction which came to power with Edward's accession. He had remained in prison throughout the young king's reign. Courtenay's father had been a victim of Henry's decision in 1538 to eliminate all living members of the Plantagenet line and had spent most of his life in prison. Gardiner had been committed to the Fleet on the 25th September 1547, for his protest at the issuing of the First Book of Homilies on the 31st July.[...]”

Quoted from: SAMSON, Alexander Winton Seton.“The marriage of Philip of Habsburg and Mary Tudor and anti-Spanish sentiment in England : political economies and culture, 1553-1557″. pp. 43-54.

You may find it in this link: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30695717.pdf

#Mary I #Queen Mary I #Queen Mary I of England #Queen Mary of England #Marye the Quene #Mary Tudor x Jane Grey #Lady Jane Grey #Mary Tudor #House of Tudor #Tudor dynasty #Tudors #The Tudors #Queen of England

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mary-tudor · 7 years

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And I say to you, on the word of a Prince, I cannot tell how naturally the mother loveth the child, for I was never the mother of any; but certainly, if a Prince and Governor may as naturally and earnestly love her subjects as the mother doth love the child, then assure yourselves that I, being your lady and mistress, do as earnestly and tenderly love and favour you. And I, thus loving you, cannot but think that ye as heartily and faithfully love me.

Queen Mary of England

#Mary Tudor #Queen Mary I #Marye the Quene

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mary-tudor · 7 years

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“[Codicil]

MARYE THE QUENE.

This Codicell made by me Marye by the Grace of God Quene of Engld &c., & lawful wyfe to the most noble and vertuous Prynce Philippe, by the same grace of God, Kynge of the said Realmes and Domynions of Englond, &c., the twenty-eighth day of October, in the yere of our Lord God 1558, and in the 5th yere of the reign of my said most dere Lord and husbande, and in the Sixth yere of the reigne of me the said Quene. The which Codicell I will and ordeyne shall be added and annexed unto my last Will and Testament heretofore by me made and declared. And my mynd and will ys, that the said Codicell shall be accepted, taken and receyved as a part and parcell of my said last will and testament, and as tho' it were incorporate with the same to all entents and purposes, in manner and forme followynge.

Fyrste, whereas I the said Quene have with the good contentment and pleasure of my said most dere belov'd Lorde and husbande the Kyng's Majesty devis'd & made my said last will and testament, beryng date the 30th day of Marche last past, and by the same, for that as I then thowght myself to be with childe did devise and dispose the Imperiall Crowne of this Realme of Englond and the Crowne of Ireland, with my title to France and all the dependances thereof, and all other honours, Castells, Fortresses, Prerogatives and hereditaments, of what nature, kynde or qualitie soever they be, belongyng to this crowne, unto the heires, Issewe and frewte of my body begotten, & the government, order, and rewle of the said heire and Issewe I recommended unto my said most dere Lord and husband duryng the mynoryte of the said heire, accordynge to the lawes of this Realme in that case provided.

Forasmuch as God hath hitherto sent me no frewte nor heire of my bodie, yt ys onlye in his most devyne providence whether I shall have onny or noo, Therefore both for the discharge of my conscyence and dewtie towards God and this Realme, and for the better satisfaction of all good people, and to thentent my said last will and Testament (the which I trust, is agreeable to God's law and to the laws of this Realme) may be dewly performed, and my dettes (pryncipally those I owe to many of my good subjects, and the which they most lovyngly lent unto me) trewly and justly answered payed, I have thought it good, fealynge myself presently sicke and week in bodye (and yet of hole and perfytt remembrance, our Lord be thanked) to adde this unto my said testament and last will, viz.

Yf yt shall please Almighty God to call me to his mercye owte of this transytory lyfe without issewe and heire of my bodye lawfully begotten, Then I most instantly desire et per viscera misericordiae Dei, requyre my next heire & Successour, by the Laws and Statutes of this Realme, not only to permytt and suffer the executors of my said Testament and last will and the Survivours of them to performe the same, and to appoynte unto them such porcyon of treasure & other thynges as shall be suffycient for the execution of my said testament and last will, and to ayd them in the performance of the same, but also yf such assurance and conveyance as the Law requyreth for the State of the londs which I have devysed and appoynted to the howses of Religion, and to the Savoye, and to the Hospitall I would have erected, be not suffycyent and good in Lawe by my said Will, then I most hertily also requyre both for God's sake, and for the honour and love my said heyre and Successour bereth unto me, that my said heyre and Successour will supplye the Imperfection of my said will and testament therein, & accomplyshe and fynishe the same accordynge to my trew mynde and intente, for the dooyng whereof my said heire and Successour shall, I dowte not, be rewarded of God, and avoyde thereby his severe justice pronounced and executed agt all such as be violaters and brekers of wills and testaments, and be the better assisted with his specyall grace and favour in the mynistracyon of ther Regall function and office, And the more honored of the world and loved of ther subjects, whose natural zeale and love (as a most precious jewell unto every Prynce) I leve and bequeathe unto my said heire and Successour for a specyall Legacye and bequeste, the which I most humbly beseech our Lord, the same may enjoye and possesse (as I trust they shall) chefely to the advancement of God's glorye & honor, and to the good quyetnesse and Government of this Realme, the which two thynges I most tender. And albeit my said most Dere Lord and Husband shall for defawte of heyre of my bodye have no further government, order and rewle within this Realme and the domynions thereunto belongynge, but the same doth and must remayne, descend, and goo unto my next heyre and Successour, accordyng to the Lawes and Statuts of this Realme, yet I most humbly beseech his Majesty, in recompence of the great love and humble dewtye that I have allwayes born and am bounden to bere unto his Majesty, and for the great zeale and care the which his Highness hath always sens our marriage professed and shew'd unto this Realme, and the Subjects of the same, and for the ancyente amyte sake that hath always ben betwene our most Noble Progenitours and betwene this my Realme and the Low countries, whereof his Majesty is now the enheritour,

And finally, as God shall reward hym, and I praye (I hope among the elect servants of God) that yt may please his Majesty to shew hymself as a Father in his care, as a Brother or member of this Realme in his love and favour, and as a most assured and undowted frend in his powre and strengthe to my said heire and Successour, and to this my Country and the Subjects of the same, the which I trust his Highnesse shall have just cause to thynke well bestowed, for that I dowte not, but they will answer yt unto his Majesty with the like benevolence and good will, the which I most hertily requyre them to doo, bothe for my sake, and for the honour and suerty of this Realme. And in witnesse that I have cawsed this Codicell to be made, and that my will & entent ys, that the same shall be annexed and added unto my said former testament & last will, the which my full mynde and will ys shall stonde and remayne in perfytte force and effect, to all intents and purposes, and this Codicell to be accepted taken and declared only as a part and parcell of my said testament and last Will, I have sign'd this Codicell with my Signe Manuell, and have also cawsed my privy Signet to be put thereunto, the day and yere fyrste in this Codicell above written. These beying called to be my wytnesses as well to my said testament and last will as to this Codicell whose names followeth.

MARYE THE QUENE

EDMOND PECKHAM

THOMAS WENDYE

JOHN WILLIS

BARNARD HAMPTON”

Source: http://tudorhistory.org/primary/will.html

#Queen Mary I #Queen Mary Tudor #Queen Mary of England #Mary Tudor #Marye the Quene #Tudor Dynasty #The Tudors

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mary-tudor · 7 years

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The will of Queen Mary of England. (1516-1558):

“MARY THE QUENE.In the name of God, Amen. I Marye by the Grace of God Quene of Englond, Spayne, France, both Sicelles, Jerusalem and Ireland, Defender of the Faythe, Archduchesse of Austriche, Duchesse of Burgundy, Millayne and Brabant, Countesse of Hapsburg, Flanders and Tyroll, and lawful wife to the most noble and virtuous Prince Philippe, by the same Grace of God Kynge of the said Realms and Domynions of Engand, &c. Thinking myself to be with child in lawful marriage between my said dearly beloved husband and Lord, altho' I be at this present (thankes be unto Almighty God) otherwise in good helthe, yet foreseeing the great danger which by Godd's ordynance remaine to all whomen in ther travel of children, have thought good, both for discharge of my conscience and continewance of good order within my Realmes and domynions to declare my last will and testament; and by these presents revoking all other testaments and last Wills by me at onny time heretofore made or devised by wryting or otherwise, doe with the full consent, agreement and good contentment of my sayd most Dere Ld and Husband, ordeyn and make my sayd last will and testament in manner and forme following.Fyrste I do commend my Soulle to the mercye of Almighty God the maker and Redeemer thereof, and to the good prayers and helpe of the most puer and blessed Virgin our Lady St. Mary, and of all the Holy Companye of Heven. My body I will to be buried at the discression of my executors: the interment of my sayd body to be made in such order and with such godly prayers, Suffrages and Ceremonies as with consideracyon of my estate and the laudable usage of Christ's Church shall seme to my executors most decent and convenient. Also my mynde and will ys, that during the tyme of my interrment, and within oon moneth after my decesse owte of this transitory lyfe, ther be distributed in almes, the summe of oon thousand pownds, the same to be given to the relefe of pore prysoners, and other pore men and whomen by the discression of my executors. And further I will that the body of the vertuous Lady and my most dere and well-beloved mother of happy memory, Quene Kateryn, whych lyeth now buried at Peterborowh, shall within as short tyme as conveniently yt may after my burial, be removed, brought and layde nye the place of my sepulture, In wch place I will my Executors to cawse to be made honorable tombs or monuments for a decent memory of us. And whereas the Howses of Shene and Sion, the which were erected by my most noble Progenitor K. Henry the Fyfte for places of Religion and prayer, the oon of Monks of th' order of Carthusians and th' other of Nunns Ordines Stae Brigittae wer in the tyme of the late Scisme within this Realme clerly dissolv'd and defac'd, which sayde howses are lately by my said dere Lord and husband and by me reviv'd and newly erected accordynge to the severall ancyent foundacyons, order and Statutes, and we have restor'd and endow'd them severally with diverse Mannors, londs, tenements and hereditaments, sometyme parcell of ther severall possessions. For a further increase of their lyvyng, and to thentent the said Religious persons may be the more hable to reedifye some part of ther necessary howses that were so subverted and defac'd, and furnish themselves with ornaments and other thyngs mete for Godd's servyce, I will and give unto ether of the said Religious howses of Shene and Sion, the summe of fyve hundred pownds of lawfull money of Englond, and I further will and give unto the Pryor and Covent of the said house of Shene, and to ther Successours, Mannours, londs, tenements, sometyme parcell of the possessions belongyng to the same howse before the dissolucyon thereof and remayning in our possession, to the clere yerly valewe of one hundred pownds. And lykewyse I will and give unto the Abbesse and Covent of the said house of Sion, and to ther Successors, Mannours, lands, tenements and hereditaments sometyme parcell of the possessions of the said house of Sion, and remayning in our hands at the tyme of our decesse or of some other late Spirituall possessions to the clere yerly valewe of one hundred pownds, the which summe of 100li to ether of the said houses and the said Mannours, londs, tenements and hereditaments to the said yerly valewe of Cli to ether of the said houses I will shall be pay'd, convey'd and assur'd to ether of the said houses within oon yere next after my decesse; requyring and chargyng the Religious persons, the which shall from tyme to tyme remayne and be in the said severall houses, to praye for my Soulle and the Soulle of my said most Dere and well-beloved husband the King's Majty when God shall call hym to hys mercye owt of this transitory lyfe, and for the Soulle of the said good and vertuous Quene my Mother, and for the Soulles of all other our Progenitours, and namely the said Kynge Henry 5 as they were bounden by the ancyente Statuts and ordyenances of ther Severall foundacyons. Item, I will and geve to the Warden and Convent of the Observante Fryers of Greenwiche the summe of five hundred pownds. Item, I will and geve to the Pryor and Convent of the black fryers at St. Bartholomews within the suburbs of London, the sum of 400 Marks. And likewise unto the Fryers of the said Observante order beyng at Southampton, the summe of 200 pownds. Item, I will and geve unto the pore Nunns of Langley the Summe of 200li pounds. All which said severall legacies unto the said Fryers and Nunns, I will that my Executors shall cawse to be payd to ther severall uses within oon yere next after my decesse, as well for the relefe and comfort, as towards the reparacyons and amendments of ther necessary howses, and to provyde them some more ornaments for their Churches, for the better service of Almighty God. Also I will and geve unto the Abbot and Covent of the said Monastery of Westminster the summe of 200li pownds or else as many ornaments for ther Church ther, as shall amounte unto the Saide Summe of CCli to be pay'd and deliver'd unto them within oon yere next after my decesse by my said Executors. And I will, charge and requyre the said Abbot and Covent, and all others the Fryers and Nunns and ther Covents above remembred, to pray for my Soulle, and for the Soulle of my said most Dere and well beloved Lord and husband, the King's Highnesse, by whose specyall goodnesse they have been the rather erected, and for the Soulle of my said most dere beloved mother the Quene, and for the Soulles of all our Progenitos with dayly Masses, Suffrages and prayers. Also I will and geve for and to the relefe of the pore Scolers in ether of the Universities of Oxinford and Cambridge the Summe of 500li pownds, that ys to say, to ether of the said Universities the Summe of 500li the which summe I will that my Executors shall delyver within oon yere next after my decesse unto the Chancellors and others of the most grave & wisest men of the same Universities, to be distributed and geven amongst the said pore Scolers, from tyme to tyme as they shall thynke expedient for ther relefe and comfort, and specyally to such as intend by Godds grace to be Religious persons and Priests. And whereas I have by my warrant under my Signe Manuell assigned and appoynted londs, tenements, and hereditaments of the yerly valewe of 200li and somewhat more to be assur'd unto the Master and Brotherne of the Hospitall of Savoy, fyrste erected and founded by my Grandfather of most worthy memory Kynge Henry 7, my mynde will and intent ys, and I charge my Executors that yf the said londs be not assur's unto the said howse of Savoy in my lyfetime, that yt be done as shortly as maye be after my decesse, or else some other londs, tenements & hereditaments, sometyme parcell of the possessions of the said howse, to the said yerely valewe of 200li and as muche other londs, tenements and hereditaments, late parcell of the possessions of the said howse, or of some other the late spirituall londs, as shall make up together with the londs I have before this tyme assur'd unto the said howse, and the which the said Master and his Brotherne doth by vertue of our former grant enjoye, the summe of 500li of clere yerely valewe, which is agreeable with thendowment my said Grandfather indow'd the same howse with, at the first erection thereof. Willynge and chargynge the said Mr and his Brotherne and ther successors, not only to keep and observe the anciente rewles and statuts of the said howse accordynge to the foundacyon of the said Kynge my Grandfather, but also to praye for the Soulles of me, and of my said most dere Lord and Husband, when God shall call hym out of this transitory lyfe, and of the said Quene my Mother, and of all others our Progenitors Soulles. And forasmuch as presently there ys no howse or hospitall specyally ordeyn'd and provyded for the relefe and helpe of pore and old Soldiers, and namely of such as have been or shall be hurt or maymed in the warres and servys of this Realme, the which we thynke both honour, conscyence and charyte willeth should be provided for. And therefore my mynde and wyll ys, that my Executors shall, as shortly as they may after my decesse, provide some convenient howse within or nye the Suburbs of the Cite of London, the which howse I would have founded and erected of oon Master and two Brotherne, and these three to be Priests. And I will that the said howse or Hospitall shall be indow'd with Mannours, londs tenements and hereditaments some tyme parcell of the Spirituall londs and possessions, to the clere yerly valewe of 400 Markes whereof I will, that the said Mr shall have 30 pownds by the yere, and ether of the said two brotherne 20li by the yere, and the rest of the revenewe of the said londs, I will that my Executors shall limyt and appoynt by good ordynances and statuts, to be made and stablyshed upon the erection of the said Hospitall, how the same shall be us'd and imployed, wherein specyally I would have them respect the relefe succour and helpe of pore, impotent and aged Souldiers, and chefely those that be fallen into exstreme poverte, havyng no pencyon or other pretence of lyvyng, or are become hurt or maym'd in the warres of this Realme, or in onny servyce for the defence and suerte of ther Prince and of ther Countrey, or of the Domynions thereunto belongyng. Also I will and specyally charge the executors of this my present testament and last Will, that yf I have injuried or done wrong to onny person (as to my remembrance willingly I have not) yet yf onnly such may be proved, and lykewyse all such detts as I owe to onny person sens they tyme I have been Quene of this Realme, and specyally the lone money (the which diverse of my lovyng subjects have lately advanced and lent unto me) that the same injuries (yf onny be) and the said detts and lone money above all thyngs, as shortly as may be after my decesse be recompenced, restor'd and pay'd, and that doon, my mynde and will ys, that all such detts as were owing by my later Father, King Henry 8th or by my later Brother K. Edward the 6th, shall likewyse, as they conveniently may, be satisfyed and payd. And for as much as yt hath pleased Almighty God of hys infenyte marcye & goodnesse, to reduce this Realme unto the unyte of Christ's Church, from the which yt declyned, and during the tyme thereof diverse londes and other hereditaments, goods and possessions geven and dispos'd, as well by sondry of my Progenitors as by other good and vertuous people to sondrye places and Monasteries of Religion, and to other Ecclesiastical howses and persons, for the mayntenance of Godds servyce, and for continuall prayer to be made for the relefe both of the lyvyng and of the dedde, were taken away and committeed to other uses; I have before this tyme thought yt good, for some part of satisfaction thereof, and to be a piece of the dewtie I owe unto God, that some porcyon of the londs and hereditaments that were sometyme the goods of the said Church shold be restor'd ageyne unto good and Godly uses, and for the accomplyshing thereof I have, with the consent of my said most Dere Lord and Husband the Kyng's Majesty, and by the authority of Parliament, and with the advyce and counsell of the Most Rev. Father in God and my right intierly beloved Cousyne Cardynall Poole, Archbp. of Cant. and Primate of Englond, who hath specyally travelled as a good Mynister and Legate sent from the Apostolique See to reduce this Realme unto the Unyte of the said See, Renounc'd and geven over as well diverse parsonages Impropriate, tythes and other Spirituall hereditaments, as also divers other profits and hereditaments some tyme belongyng to the said Ecclesiasticall and Spirituall persons and howses of Religion, to be ordered, and imploy'd by the said most Reverend Father in God, in such manner and forme as ys prescribed and lymitted by the said Statute, and as to hys godly wysdome shall be thowght mete and convenyent. My mynde, will and pleasure ys, that such ordynances and devyses as the said most Revd Father in God hath made and devised, or shall hereafter make and devise, for and concerning the said parsonages, tithes and other Spirituall hereditaments (the which I have committed to his order and disposition) shall be inviolably observ'd. Requyryng my said Cousyne and most Revd Father in God, as he hath begun a good work in this Realme, soe he will (cheifly for God's sake and glory, and for the good will he beareth unto me, and to this my Realme, beynge his native Countrey) doe, as much as he maye, by Godd's grace, to fynishe the same. And Specyally to dispose and order the said Parsonages, tithes, and other Spirituall possessions and hereditaments commytted to his order, with as much speed as he convenyently may, accordynge to the trust and confidence that my most Dere Lord and Husband and I, and the whole Realme have repos'd in hym, and yn hys virtue and wysdome, for the which God shall rewarde hym, and this hys Countrey honour and love hym. And for hys better assistance in the execution thereof, I will, charge and requyre my Executors, and all others of my Counsell, and the rest of my good and faythfull Subjects, that they to the uttermost of ther power be aydynge and assistynge unto my said Cousyne, as they tender the benefit of ther Countrey and ther own Commodyte. Furthermore I will and charge my said Executors, that yf onny person or persons have pay'd unto my use onny Summe of money for the purchase of onny londs, tenements and hereditaments the assurances whereof to them in my lyfe tyme ys not perfitted, that the said Person or Persons be, within such short tyme after my decesse as may be, either repay'd ther mony, or else have good assurances of the said londs, or of others of the like valewe, made unto them accordynge to the laws of this Realme. Also I will that my Executors shall within oon quarter of a year next after my decesse, destribute amongst my pore Servants that be ordinary, and have most nede, the Summe of 2000li. willyng them in the destribution thereof to have a specyall regarde unto such as have serv'd me longest and have no certainty of lyvyng of my gifte to lyve by after my decesse. And as towchyng the dispocyon of this my Imperiall Crowne of England, and the Crowne of Ireland, with my title to France, and all the dependances, of the same, whereof by the mere provydence of Almighty God I am the lawful Inheritor and Quene: my will, mynde, and entent ys, that the sd Imperiall Crowne of Englond and Ireland, and my Title to France, and all the dependances, and all other my Honours, Castells, fortresses, mannours, londs, tenements, prerogatyves and hereditaments whatsoever, shall wholly and entirely descend remayne & be unto the heyres, issewe and frewte of my bodye, accordyng to the laws of this Realme. Neverthelesse the order, Government and Rewle of my said issewe, and of my said Imperiall Crowne, and the dependances thereof, during the Minoryte of my said heyre and Issewe, I specyally recommend unto my said most Dere and well beloved Husband, accordynge to the laws of this my said Realme for the same provided. Willing, charging, and most hertily requyryng all and singular my lovyng, obedient and naturall subjects, by that profession and-dewtye of allegiance that by God's commandment they owe unto me, beyng ther naturall Sovereigne Lady & Quene; And also desyryng them (per viscera Misericordiae Dei) that sens yt hath pleased hys devyne Majesty, far above my merits to shew me so great favour in this world, as to appoynte me so noble, vertuous, and worthy a Prince to be my husband, as my said most Dere and intirely beloved Husband the King's Majesty ys, whose endeavour, care and stodie hath ben, and chefely ys, to reduce this Realme unto the Unyte of Christ's Church and trewe Religion, and to the anncyente and honourable fame and honor that yt hath ben of, and to conserve the same therein; And not dowting but accordyng to the trust that ys repos'd in hys Majty, by the laws of this Realme, made concernyng the Government of my Issewe, that hys Highnesse will discharge the same to the glory of God, to hys own honour, to the suerty of my said Issewe, and to the profit of all my Subjects; that they therefore will use themselves in such humble and obedient sort and order, that hys Majesty may be the rather incoraged and provoked to continewe hys good and gracious disposition towards them and this Realme. And for as much as I have no Legacy or jewell that I covet more to leve unto hys Majesty to reqyte the nobility of hys harte towards me and this Realme, nor he more desirous to have, than the love of my Subjects, I doe therefore once agayne reqyre them to bere and owe unto his Highnesse the same dewtie and love that they naturally doe and should owe unto me, and in hope they will not forget the same, I do specyally recommend the same dewtye and love unto hys Highnesse, as a legacye, the which I trust he shall enjoye. Also I will and geve unto my said issewe all my jewells, ships, municyons of warre, and artillery, and after my detts (and the detts of my said later Father and brother, King Henry 8, and King Edward 6.) satisfied and pay'd, and this my present testament and last will perform'd, I geve and bequethe unto my said issewe all the rest of my treasure, plate, goods and Chattells whatsoever they be. And callynge to my Remembrance the good and dewtyfull service to me doon by diverse of my lovyng Servants and faythfull Subjects, to whom, as yet, I have not given onny condigne recompence for the same, therefore I am fully resolv'd and determyn'd to geve to every of them whose names are hereafter mention'd such legacies and gifts as particularly ensueth.[Then follow in the Will several particular Legacies to her women and other Servants about her, which in all amount to 3400li among which she gives Dr. Malet her Almoner and Confessor, to praye for her the summe of 200li and to the poor fryers of the Order of St. Dominick, erected and placed within the University of Oxford, to pray for her soul, her Husband's, Mother's, and all other her progenitours the summe of 200li; besides all this she gives 20li a year apiece to Father Westweek and Father Mecalfe and then it follows in her Will.]And to thentente this my last will and testament may be the more inviolably observ'd, fulfil'd and executed, I will the Issewe of my bodye that shall succede me in the' Imperiall Crowne of this Realme upon my blessing, that he or she be no Impedyment thereof, but that to the uttermost of his or her power, they do permytt and suffer my said Executors to performe the same, and to ayd them in the execution thereof. And yf ther shall be any imperfection in the assurances of the londes that I have devis'd and appoynted to the howses of Religion or to Savoye, or to the hospitall I mynde to have erected for the pore and maymed Souldiers, or onny negligence be in my Executors in the performance and execucyon of this my testament and last will, that then I will and charge my said Issewe on my blessing, to supply and accomplyshe all such defects and imperfections. And I charge my said Executors, as they will answer before God at the dredfull day of Judgement, and as they will avoyde such commynacyons, threatnyngs, and the severe justice of God pronounc'd and executed against such as are brekers and violaters of wills and testaments, that they to the uttermost of ther powers and wyttes, shall see this my present Testament & last will perform'd and executed, for the which I trust, God shall reward them, and the world commend them. And as yt hath stood with the good contentment and pleasure of my said most dere beloved Lord and husband the King's Majesty, that I should thus devise my Testament and last will, so I dowte not, but that his most noble harte desyreth and wysheth that the same should accordyngly take effect after yt shall please God to call me out of this transytory lyfe to his marcye. And havyng such exsperience of his gracyus faveure, zeale and love towards me as I have, I am fully perswaded that no person either can or will more honorably and ernestly travell in the [e]xecution of this my Testamt and last will, then his Majesty will doo. Therefore I most humbly beseech his Highnesse that he will vouchsafe and be pleas'd to take upon hym the pryncipall and the chefest care of the [e]xecutyon of this my present Testament and last will, and to be a patron to the rest of my Executors of the same in the [e]xecutyon thereof.And I do humbly beseeche my saide most dearest lorde and husbande to accepte of my bequeste, and to kepe for a memory of me one jewell, being a table dyamond which the [e]mperours Majesty, his and my most honourable Father, sent unto me by the Cont degment, at the insurance of my sayde lorde and husbande, and also one other table dyamonde whiche his Majesty sent unto me by the marques de les Nanes, and the Coler of golde set with nyne dyamonds, the whiche his Majestye gave me the Epiphanie after our Maryage, also the rubie now sett in a Golde ryng which his Highnesse sent me by the Cont of Feria, all which things I require his Majestye to dispose at his pleasure, and if his Highness thynck mete, to the Issue betwene us.Also I reqyre the said most Reverend Father in God and my said most dere beloved Cosyn the Lord Cardynall Poole, to be oon of my Executors, to whom I geve for the paynes he shall take aboute the [e]xecucyon of this my present Testament the summe of one thousande powndes. And for the specyall truste and good service that I have alweyes had and founde in the most Revd Father in God, and my right trustye and right well beloved Councellour Nicholas Abp of Yorke, my Chancellor of Englonde, and in my right trusty and right wel beloved Cosyns William, Marques of Wynchester, Ld Treasorer of Englonde, Henry Erle of Arundel, Henry Erle of Westmorland, Francis Erle of Shrewsbury, Edward Erle of Derbye, Thomas Erle of Sussex, Wm Erle of Pembroke, and in my right trusty and well belovcd Councellors Visc, Mountague, Edward Lord Clynton, highe Admyrall of Englonde, and in the Revd Father in God and my right trusty and well beloved Councellors Thomas Bishop of Elye, Edward Lord Hastings of Lowtheborowghe, Lorde Chamberlayne of my Howsehold, Sr Wm Cordell Kt Mr of the Rowlles of my Court of Chancerye. I ordeyne and constitute them also Executors of this my present Testament and last Will, and I geve unto every of the said Ld Chancellor, Lord Tresorer, etc., for their paynes and travell therein to be taken, the Summe of fyve hundred powndes. And unto every of the said Visc Montague, Lord Admyrall, etc., for their paynes likewise to be taken fyve hundred marckes.And for the greate experyence I have had of the trothe fidelite and good servyce of my trustye and righte well beloved Servants and Councellors, Sr Tho. Cornwallis Kt Comptroller of my howsehold, S. Henry Jernegan Kt Master of my horses, Mr Boxall, my Chefe Secretary, Sr Edward Waldegrave Kt Chancellor of my Duchy of Lancaster, Sr Francis Englefield Kt Master of my Court of Wards and lyveries, and Sr John Baker Kt Chancellor of my Exchequer I geve unto every of them for ther paynes and good servyce to be taken, as assistants to this my said testament, and to be of Council with my said Issewe, the Summe of two hundred powndes. I do appoynte, name and ordeyne them to be Assistants unto my said Executors in the [e]xecucyon of this my said Testament, and to be with them of the Council to my said issewe. And I geve unto every of my said Servants and Councellors last before remembered whom I have appoynted to be assistants to my said Executors, as ys aforesaid, for ther good servyce and paynes to be taken and doon with my said Executors for the [e]xecucyon of this my present Testament and last Will, the Summe of two hundred powndes, before geven unto ether of them.Nevertheless my playne Will, mynde and entent ys, that yf onny of my said Councillors whom I have appoynted before by this my Testament to be my Executors of the same, shall at the tyme of my decesse be indetted unto me in onny Summes of money, or ought to be and stond charged unto me or to my heirs or Successors for onny Accts or summes of money by hym or them receyved, whereof at the tyme of my decesse he ys not lawfully discharged. That the said Executor or Executors, who shall be so indetted or ought to be charg'd with onny such Accts shall not, for that he or they be named & appoynted onny of my Executars, be exonerate and discharged of the said detts or accts, but thereof shall remayne charged, as tho' he or they had not been named of my said Executors, and in that respect only shall be excepted to all intents as none of my said Executors, to take any benefit or discharge of the said dette or accts.And in wytnesse that this ys my present Testament and last Will, I have sign'd diverse parts of the same with my Signe Manuell, and thereunto also have cawsed my prevye Signett to be put, the Thirtieth day of Marche, in the yere of our Lorde God a Thousande fyve hundred fyfty and eight, and in the fourth yere of the Reigne of my said most dere lorde and husband, and in the fyfte yere of the Reigne of me the said Quene. These beynge called to be wytnesses, whose names hereafter followy the

HENRY BEDINGFELD THOMAS WHARTON JOHN THROKMORTON R. WILBRAHM

MARYE THE QUENE”

Source: http://tudorhistory.org/primary/will.html

#Queen Mary I #Mary Tudor #Marye the Quene #Queen Mary of England #Tudor Dynasty

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