#micropython programming lessons

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Control ESP32 Mobile Robot Using Android Telegram App | IOT

Control ESP32 Mobile Robot Using Android Telegram App | IOT - Home Automation using Telegram Application | IOT. ****************************************************************** If You Want To Purchase the Full Project or Software Code Mail Us: svsembedded@gmail.com Title Name Along With You-Tube Video Link Project Changes also Made according to Student Requirements http://svsembedded.com/ è https://www.svskits.in/ M1: +91 9491535690 è M2: +91 7842358459 ****************************************************************** 1. Control ESP32 Mobile Robot Using Android Bluetooth App, 2. Controlling LED using ESP8266 and Telegram Bot - IoT Project, 3. Program Telegram Bot on ESP32 Board, 4. Control Servo With Gesture Using ESP32 and Arduino, 5. Android smartphone controlled Bluetooth robot with Arduino, 6. Control Home appliance by Telegram app using Raspberry Pi, 7. Arduino wifi motor control, 8. Telegram: Control ESP32/ESP8266 Outputs with Arduino IDE, 9. Using a Telegram Bot and a Demo Board to experiment, 10. Esp32 arduino websocket - Ring Communications, 11. voice controlled robot using wi-fi module – irjet, 12. BlueBee with Android phone! Now you can – Cytron, 13. Snake Robot Using Arduino & Multiple Servos with Bluetooth, 14. How to Make a Smartphone Controlled Mobile Robot Using ESP32, 15. Send Notifications to Your Phone From an ESP8266, 16. Arduino Blynk Lesson 3 _ Servo _ Tutorials of Cytron, 17. Controlling Raspberry Pi GPIO Pins using Telegram App, 18. ESP32 Set Up Wi-Fi Connection Using Bluetooth – Robot, 19. Virtuino ESP8266 NodeMCU web Server, 20. Wireless Bluetooth Controlled Robot using Arduino, 21. Automate ESP32 and NodeMCU using Telegram Chat App, 22. Gas Alert System with IoT and Telegram App Using ESP32, 23. home automation using telegram | esp8266, 24. ESP32-CAM PIR Intruder Alert with Photo Capture and Send Image to Telegram App, 25. How to make an android app to control a robot using MIT app inventor, 26. Control of Robot using Wi-fi and Bluetooth with Arduino, 27. Turn ON and OFF LED using mobile App using Bluetooth on ESP32 board, 28. Set Timer Based Trigger to IoT Projects using Blynk | ESP32, 29. DIY Home Automation Arduino - Using Telegram, 30. Esp32 BLE remote control with android app, 31. Track a Vehicle Using Telegram App and Live Location on Google Maps With ESP32, 32. Led Control by HTML web page with WiFi Manager library by using ESP8266(Node MCU), 33. void loop Robotech & Automation, 34. Arduino UNO & ESP8266 and control using smartphone, 35. How To Make A Wi-Fi Car Using NodeMCU esp8266 | Mobile Phone Controlled Car, 36. How to control LED through Android Mobile phone App Using ESP8266 RemoteXY, 37. How to interface bluetooth with arduino uno or mega or nano || Home automation HC05 , 38. Controlling LED using ESP8266 and Telegram Bot - IoT Project, 39. How to make Motorcycle Yamaha Sniper 150 Voice Command using Google Assistant & blynk app, 40. Voice command Engine Start using Google assistand and Blynk app, 41. Face Tracking Robot using an ESP32-CAM, 42. Arduino IOT Project: Nodemcu ESP8266 wifi Robot Car “L298N motor driver + Blynk + Joystick”, 43. The ESP32 Voyager! The Ultimate Open Source ESP32 Adventure Robot, 44. Learn to Program Arduino/NodeMCU/ESP32, 45. How to create telegram bot and get chat ID, 46. OV7670 Camera Module with Arduino: Color Image To PC, 47. Button controlled LED with microPython || ESP32 & ESP8266, 48. TOP 5 ESP8266 (NodeMCU) PROJECTS - Maker Tutor, 49. Controlling LED using NodeMcu and Telegram Bot, 50. Wireless Bot With Nodemcu and Dht sensor, 51. How to make CCTV camera using ESP32 CAM and also video streaming, 52. Wi-Fi RC Controller With Camera Test V1, 53. MicroPython[ESP8266] simple DC motor control sample, 54. Displaying Telegram Message on Dot Matrix Using Arduino, 55. IoT Project- Home Automation with Bolt IoT and Telegram, 56. Live-Colour Detection Using MATLAB, 57. Wireless Gesture-Controlled Robot, 58. Host Software for RFID Based Attendance Management System, 59. Javascript Based Canvas Pendulum Clock, 60. Ultrasonic Radar Model Using Microcontroller ATmega128, 61. Host Software for RFID Based Attendance Management System, 62. Wireless Hotel Ordering System, 63. Arduino Piggyback on Raspberry Pi, 64. Pre-Primary Tutor Using Arduino, 65. Designing an Eight-Bit Arithmetic Logic Unit Using ModelSim, 66. Home Automation System, 67. Fire Extinguishing Robot, 68. Raspberry Pi as Email Notifier, 69. Sixth-Sense Media Player, 70. Kansas Lava to Simulate Circuits, 71. Three Amazing Things You Can Do With Raspberry Pi, 72. GPS Master-Slave Clocks With RF Link, 73. See and Speak Using Raspberry Pi, 74. Arduino Based Gesture-Controlled Robot, 75. Android Application for an RC Charging and Discharging Circuit, 76. Electronic Door Lock Using Arduino,

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Python Tutorial for Beginners | How to Quickly Learn Python?

What is Python?

The Python programming language is an object-oriented language, which means that it can model real-world entities. It is also dynamically-typed because it carries out type-checking at runtime. It does so to make sure that the type of a construct matches what we expect it to be. The distinctive feature about Python is that it is an interpreted language. The Python IDLE (Integrated Development Environment) executes instructions one line at a time. This also lets us use it as a calculator.

i. Why is it called Python?

Going into etymology, Guido van Rossum named it after the comedy group Monty Python. That is why the metasyntactic variables (those we will often use to explain code syntax) used here are ‘spam’ and ‘eggs’ instead of ‘foo’ and ‘bar’. A lot of implementations today run version 2.x, but the future belongs to Python 3.x. It is also called ‘Python 3000’ or ‘Py3K’. CPython, written in C, is the most common implementation of Python.

ii. What makes Python so powerful?

Apart from the constructs that Python provides, you can use the PyPI (Python Package Index). It is a repository of third-party Python modules and you can install it using a program called pip. Run the following command in Command Prompt:

pip install library_name

Python or R: To learn the difference between Python and R, please follow Python vs R. For now let us move ahead with the current Python tutorial.

How was Python Born?

The Python programming language was conceived in the late 1980s and was named after the BBC TV show Monty Python’s Flying Circus. Guido van Rossum started implementing Python at CWI in the Netherlands in December of 1989. This was a successor to the ABC programming language which was capable ofexception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system.

On October 16 of 2000, Python 2.0 released and it had many major new features including cycle-detecting garbage collector for memory management and support for Unicode.

The next version of Python 3.0 released on December 3, 2008.

Now we know how Python came into the picture. So, moving ahead in this Python tutorial, let us jump to Python Architecture.

Python Architecture

Let’s now talk about Python architecture and its usual flow –

i. Parser

It uses the source code to generate an abstract syntax tree.

ii. Compiler

It turns the abstract syntax tree into Python bytecode.

iii. Interpreter

It executes the code line by line in a REPL (Read-Evaluate-Print-Loop) fashion. On Windows, when you want to run the Python interpreter in the shell, you can type the following:

$python

Next in Python tutorial, we discuss some useful Python Constructs to give you a better idea of the structure of Python code.

Python Constructs

Python Tutorial – Python Constructs

i. Functions

A function in Python is a collection of statements grouped under a name. You can use it whenever you want to execute all those statements at a time. You can call it wherever you want and as many times as you want in a program. A function may return a value.

ii. Classes

As we discussed earlier, Python is an object-oriented language. It supports classes and objects. A class is an abstract data type. In other words, it is a blueprint for an object of a certain kind. It holds no values. An object is a real-world entity and an instance of a class.

iii. Modules

A Python module is a collection of related classes and functions. We have modules for mathematical calculations, string manipulations, web programming, and many more. We will discuss Python Module in detail in a later lesson.

iv. Packages

Python package is a collection of related modules. You can either import a package or create your own.

v. List

You can think of a list as a collection of values. Declared in the CSV (Comma-Separated Values) format and delimit using square brackets:

life = [‘love’, ‘wisdom’, ‘anxiety’];

arity = [1,2,3];

Notice that we do not declare the type for the list either. A list may also contain elements of different types, and the indexing begins at 0:

person = [‘firstname’, 21];

print(person[1])

Output: 21 You can also slice lists; slicing is a way of retrieving some values from it. We will learn more about it in further lessons.

vi. Tuple

A tuple is like a list, but it is immutable (you cannot change its values).

pizza = (‘base’, ‘sauce’, ‘cheese’, ‘mushroom’);

pizza[3] = ‘jalapeno’

This raises a TypeError.

vii. Dictionary

A dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs. Declare it using curly braces, and commas to separate key-value pairs. Also, separate values from keys using a colon (:).

student = {‘Name’: ‘Abc’, ‘Age’: 21}

print(student[‘Age’])

Output: 21

viii. Comments and Docstrings

Declare comments using an octothorpe (#). However, Python does not support multiline comments. Also, docstrings are documentation strings that help explain the code. #This is a comment “““ This is a docstring ””” Python has a lot of other constructs. These include control structures, functions, exceptions, etc. We will discuss these in further tutorials.

Now let us learn about the features of Python. Based on these features, you will be able to choose a programming language for your next project.

Features of Python

The Python programming language is one of the richest languages. In this Python tutorial, we will discuss several features of Python:

Python Tutorial – Features of Python Programming Language

i. Easy

Python is very easy to learn and understand; using this Python tutorial, any beginner can understand the basics of Python.

ii. Interpreted

It is interpreted(executed) line by line. This makes it easy to test and debug.

iii. Object-Oriented

The Python programming language supports classes and objects. We discussed these above.

iv. Free and Open Source

The language and its source code are available to the public for free; there is no need to buy a costly license.

v. Portable

Since it is open-source, you can run Python on Windows, Mac, Linux or any other platform. Your programs will work without needing to the changed for every machine.

vi. GUI Programming

You can use it to develop a GUI (Graphical User Interface). One way to do this is through Tkinter.

vii. Large Library

Python provides you with a large standard library. You can use it to implement a variety of functions without needing to reinvent the wheel every time. Just pick the code you need and continue. This lets you focus on other important tasks.

Now, let us see the frameworks available in Python.

Python Frameworks

Python tutorial – Frameworks in Python Programming Langauge

i. Django

Python Django is a free and open-source framework written in Python and is the most common framework for Python. It allows you to create database-driven websites. It follows the DRY Principle (Don’t Repeat Yourself). This is a design philosophy that keeps code simple and eloquent.

Popular websites like Instagram, Mozilla, and Disqus make use of it.

ii. Flask

Like Django, Flask is a web framework written in Python itself. It is a micro framework because it does not need certain libraries and tools. It also does not have form validation or a database abstraction layer. However, you can make use of extensions to add extra features.

iii. Pyramid

Pyramid is another web framework. It is neither a mega-framework that would make decisions for you nor a micro-framework that wouldn’t force decisions. It gives you optimal liberty of your project.

iv. Tornado

Another open-source web framework, Tornado is written in Python Language. It is noted for its excellent performance and scalability.

v. Bottle

Like Flask, it is a micro-framework for Python. It is used for web development. Bottle is known for its speed, simplicity, and lightweight. A single file can run both Python 2.5+ and 3.x.

vi. web2py

Written in Python, web2py is another open source web framework. It emphasizes on rapid development and follows an MVC architecture. MVC stands for Model View Controller.

vii. NumPy

NumPy is an open-source framework for Python. We use it for scientific computing. It supports large multidimensional arrays and matrices, and functions to operate on them.

viii. SciPy

SciPy is a Python library that you can use for scientific computing. It has modules for linear algebra, interpolation, fast Fourier transform(FFT), image processing, and many more. It uses multidimensional arrays from the NumPy module.

ix. Pylons

This is a deprecated framework, which means it is no longer recommended. It is a web framework and is open source as well. It makes extensive use of third-party tools.

Flavors of Python

Now, let’s take a look at major Python implementations –

Python Tutorial – Flavors of Python Programming Langauge

i. CPython

This is the most widely accepted implementation of Python. It is written in the language C, and is an interpreter.

ii. Jython

Jython is a Python implementation written in Java. A Jython program can import any Java class. It compiles to Java bytecode.

iii. IronPython

IronPython is implemented in C#. It can function as an extensibility layer to application frameworks written in a .NET language.

iv. Brython

Brython stands for Browser Python. It is an implementation of Python that runs in the browser.

v. RubyPython

It acts as a bridge between the Python and Ruby interpreters. It marshals data between Python and Ruby virtual machines.

vi. PyPy

Interesting to know how PyPy is Python implemented in Python. This makes it faster and easier to experiment with. However, the standard implementation is CPython.

vii. MicroPython

This is an implementation of Python meant to run on a microcontroller. It uses a MicroPython board that runs MicroPython on bare metal.

Let’s move ahead in this Python tutorial and learn file extensions of Python.

File Extensions in Python

.py –The normal extension for a Python source file

.pyc- The compiled bytecode

.pyd- A Windows DLL file

.pyo- A file created with optimizations

.pyw- A Python script for Windows

.pyz- A Python script archive

Python Applications

Python is easy to pick-up even if you come from a non-programming background. You can look at the code and tell what’s going on. Talking of Python applications, some of the cool things that you can do with Python are –

Build a website

Develop a game

Perform Computer Vision (Facilities like face-detection and color-detection)

Implement Machine Learning (Give a computer the ability to learn)

Enable Robotics

Perform Web Scraping (Harvest data from websites)

Perform Data Analysis

Automate a web browser

Perform Scripting

Perform Scientific Computing

Build Artificial Intelligence

Python isn’t limited to these applications. If you’ve ever used services from brands like YouTube, Dropbox, and Netflix, then you’ve been a consumer of Python. The search-engine Google also made great use of the language in its initial stages.

When writing code in Python, you need fewer lines of code compared to languages like Java. This high-level language is also open-source and free. Going by the TIOBE Index, it is among the major programming languages with the fastest growth. This makes a career in Python a great choice.

To make it clearer about Python, we have covered how it is different from other programming languages like Java or C++.

Python vs Java vs C++

Python uses whitespace indentation to delimit code, you don’t need to use curly braces for that. Also, semicolons are optional. It has two correct syntaxes :

a = 7

print(a)

a = 7;

print(a)

While Java and C++ are statically-typed, Python is dynamically-typed. You also don’t need to declare the type of a variable; you assign it:

life=42

Java is faster by a few seconds, but the difference does not invalidate Python’s advantages over it. Since you can interpret Python, the code is easier to test and debug.

So, this was all about Python. Hope you liked our explanation.

Summary: Python Tutorial

Let’s conclude this Python Tutorial with a quick revision. Today, we discussed Python and how it came to be. We also took a brief look at its architecture and various constructs. Moreover, we learned about Python frameworks, and its flavors and file extensions. We then discussed a few Python applications and enquired about how it is different from Java. Well, Python is a beautiful language and we wish to empower you to create.

Python certainly is here for the long run. Are you?

Furthermore, if you have any query, feel free to ask in the comment section.

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