#nanosheet

[diagnozabam]

Intel vs. TSMC – Rivalitatea continuă cu noile tehnologii 18A și N2

Intel pregătește o revenire spectaculoasă pe piața procesoarelor, mizând pe noul proces de fabricație 18A, care, potrivit surselor din industrie, ar fi mai eficient decât alternativa oferită de TSMC, N2. Această mișcare strategică nu doar că reconsolidează poziția Intel în competiția cu TSMC, dar și evidențiază inovațiile tehnologice pe care compania americană le aduce în peisajul procesoarelor…

[neosciencehub]

Revolutionary Self-Healing Hydrogel Mimics Human Skin's Rapid Repair Abilities @neosciencehub #HumanSkin #Hydrogel #regenerativemedicine #nanosheets #neosciencehub

[mindblowingscience]

Hydrogen energy is emerging as a key driver of a clean, sustainable future, offering a zero-emission alternative to fossil fuels. Although it is promising, the large-scale production of hydrogen relies heavily on expensive platinum-based catalysts, and hence affordability remains a major challenge for the industry. To surpass this, researchers from the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) have developed a novel hydrogen evolution catalyst, bis(diimino)palladium coordination nanosheets (PdDI), that offers platinum-like efficiency at a fraction of the cost. Their study was published in Chemistry—A European Journal.

Continue Reading.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

As the world moves toward sustainable energy, hydrogen will likely play an invaluable role as a clean and versatile fuel. Yet, adoption of hydrogen technologies hinges on overcoming key challenges in electrocatalysis, where costly and scarce platinum-group metals have long been the industry standard. Taking one step to rectify this, a research team has now developed a new strategy that fine-tunes electronic interactions at the atomic level. The study introduces an innovative electronic fine-tuning (EFT) approach to enhance the interactions between zinc (Zn) and ruthenium (Ru) species, resulting in a highly active and stable catalyst for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). By anchoring Ru clusters onto hierarchically layered Zn-N-C nanosheets (denoted as Ru@Zn-SAs/N-C), the team has designed a material that outperforms commercial platinum-based catalysts.

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[dertaglichedan]

TSMC will invest an additional $100 billion in Arizona, add 3 facilities

Following a meeting at the White House today, President Trump and TSMC Chairman and CEO C.C. Wei announced a historic expansion of TSMC’s advanced semiconductor operations in Arizona. TSMC will invest at least an additional $100 billion to build three additional semiconductor fabs in Arizona as well as an advanced packaging facility and R&D Center. The investment comes in addition to TSMC’s three fabs already in operation or under construction in Arizona and will represent thousands of additional new jobs. 

TSMC announced its first fab in Arizona in May 2020. Since then, its presence has grown to three cutting-edge chip-making fabs and supporting facilities, representing a $65 billion investment and 6,000 jobs. Today’s announcement brings TSMC’s total announced investment in Arizona to $165 billion. 

In January, TSMC announced it had begun producing advanced 4-nanometer chips for U.S. customers in Arizona, a first on American soil and a major milestone in the country’s efforts to reshore manufacturing of the most advanced microchips. Its second fab, which is under construction, is expected to produce the world’s most advanced 2nm process technology with next generation nanosheet transistors in addition to the previously announced 3nm technology. TSMC’s third fab will produce chips using 2nm or more advanced processes, with production beginning by the end of the decade.

“TSMC’s historic announcement cements Arizona as the epicenter of advanced chip manufacturing and innovation in America,” said Governor Katie Hobbs. “With the country’s most advanced chip-making processes, world class university partners, and a robust and growing talent pipeline, Arizona is powering the groundbreaking technologies of the future like AI. I’m grateful to President Trump, TSMC, and all our partners for making this historic day possible.”

Through this expansion, TSMC expects to create hundreds of billions of dollars in semiconductor value for AI and other cutting-edge applications. TSMC’s expanded investment is expected to support 40,000 construction jobs over the next four years and create tens of thousands of high-paying, high-tech jobs in advanced chip manufacturing and R&D. It is also expected to drive more than $200 billion of indirect economic output in Arizona and across the United States in the next decade. This move underscores TSMC’s dedication to supporting its customers, including America’s leading AI and technology innovation companies such as Apple, NVIDIA, AMD, Broadcom, and Qualcomm.

[technologyscientists]

Boosting Energy: Borophene Nanosheets! #sciencefather #researcherawards

[doctor-multiverse-redux]

Mask users can now breathe more easily: Porphyrin-based nanosheets capture viruses while supporting air flow

[groovy-computers]

🚀 TSMC Unveils a Game Changer: N2 Process Technology! Discover why the N2 process is a leap forward. 🌟 With a lower defect density than past nodes, TSMC is set to redefine the chipmaking landscape with its N2 process node, two quarters before mass production. 🤯 Crucial Details: - N2 features first use of gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet transistors. - Boasts lower defect density than previous N3, N5, and N7 technologies. - Aligns with FinFET-based predecessors in defect rate reduction. The fundamental lesson here is that innovation and historical learning make great strides possible. N2's success in defect management showcases TSMC's expertise and adapts it to new technologies. 📢 Curious to see how N2's innovation compares with competitors? 🤔 Share your thoughts below! #TSMC #Innovation #Semiconductors #GAA #TechNews #DefectDensity #NanosheetTransistors #ChipTechnology #InnovationLeader #TechTalk

[cleverhottubmiracle]

[ad_1] TSMC is on track to start high-volume production of chips on N2 (2nm-class), its first production technology that relies on gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet transistors, in the second half of this year, the company revealed at its North American Technology Symposium 2025. This new node will enable numerous products launching next year, including AMD's next-generation EPYC 'Venice' CPUs for the data center, as well as various client-oriented processors, such as Apple's 2025 chips for smartphones, tablets, and PCs. The new 2nm node will enable tangible power savings amid higher performance and transistor density thanks to GAAFETs and enhanced power delivery. Also, follow-up process technologies — A16 and N2P — are on track for production next year.N2: Ready for mass production in 2H 2025N2 is the company's all-new process technology that will enable what TSMC calls 'full node improvements,' which include a 10% to 15% performance improvement, a 25% to 30% power reduction, and a 15% increase in transistor density compared to N3E. TSMC says that N2's transistor performance is close to target and 256Mb SRAM blocks are achieving over 90% average yield, which signals strong process maturity as N2 moves toward volume ramp.  You may like (Image credit: TSMC)As noted above, N2 will be TSMC's first node to use GAA nanosheet transistors, which promise increased performance and lower leakage as gate wraps 360 degrees around the channel — which in the case of N2 is shaped as multiple horizontal nanosheets. Such a structure allows for maximizing electrostatic control over the channel and therefore minimizing transistor size without compromising performance or power, thus enabling higher transistor densities. Additionally, the N2 process incorporates super-high-performance metal-insulator-metal (SHPMIM) capacitors into the transistor's power delivery circuitry to enhance power stability and performance. These new capacitors provide over double the capacitance density compared to the company's previous super-high-density metal-insulator-metal (SHDMIM) design and achieve a 50% reduction in both sheet resistance (Rs) and via resistance (Rc) relative to the earlier generation, which should have a tangible effect on performance and power consumption. Advertised PPA Improvements of TSMC's New Process TechnologiesSwipe to scroll horizontallyData announced during conference calls, events, press briefings and press releases. Compiled by Tom's Hardware Tom's HardwareN2 vs N3EN2P vs N3EN2P vs N2A16 vs N2PN2X vs N2PPower-25% ~ -30%-36%-5% ~ -10%-15% ~ -20%lowerPerformance10% - 15%18%5% - 10%8% - 10%10%Density*1.15x1.15x?1.07x - 1.10x?TransistorGAAGAAGAAGAAGAAPower DeliveryFront-side w/ SHPMIMFront-side w/ SHPMIMFront-side w/ SHPMIMSPRFront-side w/ SHPMIM (?)HVMH2 2025H2 2026H2 2026H2 20262027*Chip density published by TSMC reflects 'mixed' chip density consisting of 50% logic, 30% SRAM, and 20% analog.**At the same area. ***At the same speed.This fabrication process is on track to enter volume production in the second half of this year and will enable numerous products coming out next year, including AMD's next-generation EPYC 'Venice' CPUs for data center as well as various client-oriented processors, such as Apple's 2025 system-on-chips for smartphones, tablets, and PCs.Get Tom's Hardware's best news and in-depth reviews, straight to your inbox.(Image credit: TSMC)TSMC states that its N2 process node is experiencing significantly faster customer adoption than its predecessors, with the number of new tape-outs (NTOs) in its first year already doubling that of N5 at the same stage. This momentum continues to build, as second-year NTOs for N2 have reached approximately four times the count seen for N5, signaling strong market interest and early design activity. While mobile products remain the leading adopters of N2, TSMC claims that HPC and AI customers are accelerating their use of the node, driven by the need for greater energy efficiency. This early engagement from traditionally later-stage segments (see AMD Venice example) highlights N2's appeal across a wider range of applications compared to previous generations.N2P and A16: Due in 2H 2026Unlike Intel's 18A (1.8nm-class), TSMC's N2 does not support a backside power delivery network; however, TSMC says the new node still delivers tangible benefits even without it. In case of TSMC's nodes, BSPDN — called Super Power Rail (SPR) — arrives with the A16 fabrication process. The foundry employs the most complex and expensive, yet most efficient, approach to backside power delivery, which involves directly connecting a backside power network to each transistor's source and drain. This contrasts with Intel's 18A approach, which connects BSPDN to the cell or transistor contact, a cheaper but presumably less efficient method. (Image credit: TSMC)Since TSMC's SPR backside power delivery technology is expensive to manufacture, TSMC will continue to offer nodes without SPR going forward. One such process technology is N2P, which is a performance-enhanced version of N2 with a traditional power delivery network, that promises to offer 5% to 10% higher performance, and 5% to 10% lower power compared to N2. In fact, to a large degree, A16 is N2P with backside power delivery, according to TSMC, which will enable chip designers to reuse IPs for different products. For client applications that do not need a dense power network, N2P could be an optimal solution, particularly from a cost perspective. For those who require dense backside power delivery, TSMC will offer the A16. Both N2P and A16 are set to achieve high volume manufacturing milestone in the second half of the year, so expect actual products to hit the market in 2027. In addition to N2, N2P, and A16, TCMC will also offer N2X, the ultimate version of N2, with enhanced voltage tolerance to enable maximum clock speeds, albeit at the cost of increased power consumption. This node will be particularly useful for high-end client CPUs and some data center offerings that require maximum single-thread performance guarantees. N2X is expected to get to mass production in 2027. [ad_2] Source link

[cryogenicists]

How Do Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Affect Aquatic Life? 🦠 #sciencefather...

[allthenewzworld]

Researchers from Aalto University and the University of Bayreuth have developed a novel hydrogel that mimics human skin's strength, flexibility, and self-healing abilities.

By integrating ultra-thin clay nanosheets with densely entangled polymer networks, this hydrogel can self-repair up to 90% within four hours of being cut and achieve complete healing in 24 hours.

This breakthrough holds significant potential for applications in wound healing, artificial skin, soft robotics, and drug delivery systems.

#news #viral #science #allthenewz

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Graphene production technique offers green alternative to graphite mining

Researchers in Sweden report a green alternative to reduce reliance on mining graphite, the raw source behind the "wonder material" graphene. In the journal Small, researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology say they have developed a reproducible and scalable method for producing graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets from commercial carbon fibers, marking a breakthrough in sustainable nanomaterial synthesis. The process involves exfoliating carbon fibers with nitric acid, which provides high yields of one-atom-thick sheets of graphene oxide with characteristics comparable to commercial GO sourced from mined graphite. Graphene oxide is a widely studied nanomaterial that can be used in car batteries when its thin sheets stack together, forming layers similar to graphite. It is also useful in high-performance composites, water purification and electronic devices. However, synthesis from mined graphite requires harsh chemicals and often results in material inconsistencies due to variations in graphite purity.

Read more.

[spacenutspod]

2 min readPreparations for Next Moonwalk Simulations Underway (and Underwater) ESI24 Nam Quadchart SungWoo NamUniversity of California, Irvine Lunar dust may seem unimposing, but it presents a significant challenge for space missions. Its abrasive and jagged particles can damage equipment, clog devices, and even pose health risks to astronauts. This project addresses such issues by developing advanced coatings composed of crumpled nano-balls made from atomically thin 2D materials such as MoS₂, graphene, and MXenes. By crumpling these nanosheets—much like crumpling a piece of paper—we create compression and aggregation resistant particles that can be dispersed in sprayable solutions. As a thin film coating, these crumpled nano-balls form corrugated structures that passively reduce dust adhesion and surface wear. The deformable crumpled nano-ball (DCN) coating works by minimizing the contact area between lunar dust and surfaces, thanks to its unique nano-engineered design. The 2D materials exhibit exceptional durability, withstanding extreme thermal and vacuum environments, as well as resisting radiation damage. Additionally, the flexoelectric and electrostatically dissipative properties of MoS₂, graphene, and MXenes allow the coating to neutralize and dissipate electrical charges, making them highly responsive to the charged lunar dust environment. The project will be executed in three phases, each designed to bring the technology closer to real-world space applications. First, we will synthesize the crumpled nano-balls and investigate their adhesion properties using advanced microscopy techniques. The second phase will focus on fundamental testing in simulated lunar environments, where the coating will be exposed to extreme temperatures, vacuum, radiation, and abrasion. Finally, the third phase will involve applying the coating to space-heritage materials and conducting comprehensive testing in a simulated lunar environment, targeting up to 90% dust clearance and verifying durability over repeated cycles of dust exposure. This research aligns with NASA’s goals for safer, more sustainable lunar missions by reducing maintenance requirements and extending equipment lifespan. Moreover, the potential applications extend beyond space exploration, with the technology offering promising advances in terrestrial industries such as aerospace and electronics by providing ultra-durable, wear-resistant surfaces. Ultimately, the project contributes to advancing materials science and paving the way for NASA’s long-term vision of sustainable space exploration. Back to ESI 2024 Keep Exploring Discover More Topics From STRG Space Technology Mission Directorate STMD Solicitations and Opportunities Space Technology Research Grants About STRG

[sunaleisocial]

Implantable microparticles can deliver two cancer therapies at once

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/implantable-microparticles-can-deliver-two-cancer-therapies-at-once/

Implantable microparticles can deliver two cancer therapies at once

Patients with late-stage cancer often have to endure multiple rounds of different types of treatment, which can cause unwanted side effects and may not always help.

In hopes of expanding the treatment options for those patients, MIT researchers have designed tiny particles that can be implanted at a tumor site, where they deliver two types of therapy: heat and chemotherapy.

This approach could avoid the side effects that often occur when chemotherapy is given intravenously, and the synergistic effect of the two therapies may extend the patient’s lifespan longer than giving one treatment at a time. In a study of mice, the researchers showed that this therapy completely eliminated tumors in most of the animals and significantly prolonged their survival.

“One of the examples where this particular technology could be useful is trying to control the growth of really fast-growing tumors,” says Ana Jaklenec, a principal investigator at MIT’s Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. “The goal would be to gain some control over these tumors for patients that don’t really have a lot of options, and this could either prolong their life or at least allow them to have a better quality of life during this period.”

Jaklenec is one of the senior authors of the new study, along with Angela Belcher, the James Mason Crafts Professor of Biological Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering and a member of the Koch Institute, and Robert Langer, an MIT Institute Professor and member of the Koch Institute. Maria Kanelli, a former MIT postdoc, is the lead author of the paper, which appears today in the journal ACS Nano.

Dual therapy

Patients with advanced tumors usually undergo a combination of treatments, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Phototherapy is a newer treatment that involves implanting or injecting particles that are heated with an external laser, raising their temperature enough to kill nearby tumor cells without damaging other tissue.

Current approaches to phototherapy in clinical trials make use of gold nanoparticles, which emit heat when exposed to near-infrared light.

The MIT team wanted to come up with a way to deliver phototherapy and chemotherapy together, which they thought could make the treatment process easier on the patient and might also have synergistic effects. They decided to use an inorganic material called molybdenum sulfide as the phototherapeutic agent. This material converts laser light to heat very efficiently, which means that low-powered lasers can be used.

To create a microparticle that could deliver both of these treatments, the researchers combined molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with either doxorubicin, a hydrophilic drug, or violacein, a hydrophobic drug. To make the particles, molybdenum disulfide and the chemotherapeutic are mixed with a polymer called polycaprolactone and then dried into a film that can be pressed into microparticles of different shapes and sizes.

For this study, the researchers created cubic particles with a width of 200 micrometers. Once injected into a tumor site, the particles remain there throughout the treatment. During each treatment cycle, an external near-infrared laser is used to heat up the particles. This laser can penetrate to a depth of a few millimeters to centimeters, with a local effect on the tissue.

“The advantage of this platform is that it can act on demand in a pulsatile manner,” Kanelli says. “You administer it once through an intratumoral injection, and then using an external laser source you can activate the platform, release the drug, and at the same time achieve thermal ablation of the tumor cells.”

To optimize the treatment protocol, the researchers used machine-learning algorithms to figure out the laser power, irradiation time, and concentration of the phototherapeutic agent that would lead to the best outcomes.

That led them to design a laser treatment cycle that lasts for about three minutes. During that time, the particles are heated to about 50 degrees Celsius, which is hot enough to kill tumor cells. Also at this temperature, the polymer matrix within the particles begins to melt, releasing some of the chemotherapy drug contained within the matrix.

“This machine-learning-optimized laser system really allows us to deploy low-dose, localized chemotherapy by leveraging the deep tissue penetration of near-infrared light for pulsatile, on-demand photothermal therapy. This synergistic effect results in low systemic toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy regimens,” says Neelkanth Bardhan, a Break Through Cancer research scientist in the Belcher Lab, and second author of the paper.

Eliminating tumors

The researchers tested the microparticle treatment in mice that were injected with an aggressive type of cancer cells from triple-negative breast tumors. Once tumors formed, the researchers implanted about 25 microparticles per tumor, and then performed the laser treatment three times, with three days in between each treatment.

“This is a powerful demonstration of the usefulness of near-infrared-responsive material systems,” says Belcher, who, along with Bardhan, has previously worked on near-infrared imaging systems for diagnostic and treatment applications in ovarian cancer. “Controlling the drug release at timed intervals with light, after just one dose of particle injection, is a game changer for less painful treatment options and can lead to better patient compliance.”

In mice that received this treatment, the tumors were completely eradicated, and the mice lived much longer than those that were given either chemotherapy or phototherapy alone, or no treatment. Mice that underwent all three treatment cycles also fared much better than those that received just one laser treatment.

The polymer used to make the particles is biocompatible and has already been FDA-approved for medical devices. The researchers now hope to test the particles in larger animal models, with the goal of eventually evaluating them in clinical trials. They expect that this treatment could be useful for any type of solid tumor, including metastatic tumors.

The research was funded by the Bodossaki Foundation, the Onassis Foundation, a Mazumdar-Shaw International Oncology Fellowship, a National Cancer Institute Fellowship, and the Koch Institute Support (core) Grant from the National Cancer Institute.