Annelida: Segmented Worms. This group includes earthworms, leeches, and many classes under the umbrella of "polychaete". This diverse phylum encompasses deposit feeders (eating dirt), detritivores, scavengers, deadly ambush predators, filter feeders, parasites, herbivores, and more. They are broadly defined by their repeating body segments and parapodia, which are nubby appendages used for both movement and breathing. Some have curved jaws for catching prey or scraping detritus off of rocks, while others have wide, elaborate feather-like fans for filter feeding. While able to crawl freely, a majority of marine Annelids spend most of their time in self-built tubes or burrows. Among their many important functions, they play a key role in mixing soil/sediment, breaking down decaying organic matter, and providing a key food source to countless other animals.
Nematoda: Roundworms. Split between free-living and parasitic, terrestrial and aquatic, Nematodes inhabit just about every environment on Earth. Nematologist Nathan Cobb once said (paraphrased) that if all matter on Earth disappeared besides Nematodes, we would still be able to identify where everything used to be, simply by the thin layer of nematodes left behind. In the harsh environment of Antarctica's Dry Valleys, these worms dominate the relatively barren ecosystem. The roundworm C. elegans is a widely-studied model organism in science and medicine. Nematodes are also known to parasitize humans, due to their ability to enter a dormant larval state within the muscle of a carrier animal. This is part of why we fully cook pork; to kill any parasites in the meat.
Imagine for one second if the entire world disappeared. Except for roundworms. Then, we would still see through them the ghostly outlines of forests, rivers, cities, and even people. Numbering in the hundred billion billions, nematodes are by far the most abundant phylum on Earth. Easily overlooked, but truly everywhere.
With their abundance comes a huge amount of different species. More than 20 thousand species are already known, with more than a million estimated to exist in total. Either parasitic or free-living, they are found in virtually every environment, from the poles to the tropics and from mountaintops to seafloor.
Most are superficially very similar, sharing the same round worm body plan with a soft, unsegmented cuticle that must be shed. This phenomenon, called cryptic diversity, is also known from other phyla like placozoans. A single morphological "species" can easily reveal itself to be a massive lineage of genetically distinct species.
Despite the staggering amount of nematode species, one in particular is crucial to scientific research. Caenorhabditis elegans is the prototypical model organism, having had its genome sequenced and the fate of every single one of its cells determined, including its connectome or "neuron map". From spaceflight to medical research, C. elegans has been at the forefront of numerous studies, making it possibly the most well-understood animal ever.
Photo by Marty Moore, in Ashford, New South Wales, who found this unfortunate Huntsman Spider in his dog’s water bowl, and the chest-bursting nematode that was probably hoping the spider had flung itself into a creek.
Like the better known Gordion or Horsehair Worms of the Order Nematomorpha, Mermithids are parasites, mainly of arthropods. Most species are known from insects, including at least 25 that are known from mosquito larvae, but some are recorded from spiders (as here), scorpions, and crustaceans. A few are known from segmented worms (earthworms and leeches) and molluscs. Taxonomically they’re not well understood, being almost entirely lacking in anatomical features, and they’re usually collected by entomologists rather than nematode specialists.
As with the Horsehair Worms, some Mermithids can alter the host behaviour when they’re ready to emerge and lay their eggs, making the animal desperately thirsty by altering the osmolytic balance. The newly hatched larva are free-living, and immediately seek out a suitable host. If the host is an aquatic insect with a flying adult, they can then jump hosts as their initial host is eaten by a predator like the spider here.
Others live on land, emerging with rain to climb vegetation and lay their eggs where they may get eaten - the eggs possess long branching filaments to help them stick.
note: aaahh!! thank you for the love for my first post! I'm quite fond of the instagram format posts so here's more 🥹🫶🏼
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mrshotch
BAU Jet
Liked by ahotchner, emprentiss and 24 others
mrshotch my team favorites ❤️
bbgirlgarcia I miss my kisses @/derekmorgan! 🥺
derekmorgan @/bbgirlgarcia almost home babygirl 😘
mrshotchner i left my phone for 5 minutes @/derekmorgan!! 😤 you two look cute though won't delete
jjlamontagne @/mrshotch right???
derekmorgan @/mrshotch 😇
emprentiss awww yuck i know for a fact I'm @/mrshotch's favorite
mrshotch @/emprentiss yes you are and I already miss you so much!!
ahotchner @/mrshotch not your husband?
mrshotch @/ahotchner you're also my boss so no 😁
derekmorgan smells like trouble in paradise 🫢
2 days ago
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mrshotch
Banff
Liked by dave.rossi, dralexblake and 124 others
mrshotch 30 degrees out here yet somehow I feel hot 🥵 how did i get so lucky @/ahotchner 😍
dave.rossi good to see you kids enjoying your vacation
derekmorgan damn @/ahotchner 🔥🔥
emprentiss your camera might be broken how did @/ahotchner look this good?
ahotchner @/emprentiss 🙄
bbgirlgarcia 😮 our boss!! used!! an emoji!!
4 weeks ago
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mrshotch
Liked by ahotchner, bbgirlgarcia and 34 others
mrshotch I asked him if he'd still love me if I was a worm, we had a long argument about it, and now we're good ☺️ love you @/ahotchner 💕
ahotchner I still don't know why you'd be a worm, but I'll love you the same sweetheart
bbgirlgarcia GOD I SHIP YOU TWO SO BAD 🥰🥰
doctorreid But that's not even a worm. That's a millipede which are arthropods under class diplopoda. Millipedes have legs which you can see right there. They have an exoskeleton whereas worms don't have them. Fun fact, millipedes are actually some of the oldest creatures to live on land.
emprentiss why did I even read all of this
doctorreid also what worm would you even be @/mrshotch? there are lots of worms which are classified under three main phyla: Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Annelida. I think Hotch will love you if you were an earthworm. But if you were a tapeworm or ringworm or any other parasitic worm, I don't think so.
derekmorgan @/doctorreid🤦🏾♂️🤦🏾♂️
mrshotch @/doctorreid🤦🏻♀️🤦🏻♀️
jjlamontagne @/doctorreid🤦🏼♀️🤦🏼♀️
5 weeks ago
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mrshotch
Liked by ahotchner, emprentiss and 63 others
mrshotch 3rd valentine's with the boss/husband 💕
mrshotch thank you @/bbgirlcarcia for hooking me up on the cute pen 🤗
bbgirlgarcia @/mrshotch just give us more hotch babies asap!
Below is the official matchup list for the Phylum rounds!
There are 33 phyla in the Showdown lineup, so after the polls close on Round 1, the winner of Xenacoelomorpha vs. Hemichordata will go up against Micrognathozoa in Round 1.5 before we move on.
How this bracket was created:
After assembling the list of phyla, I ranked them based on my best guess of how they would perform in the polls. I then split the list into the Top 16 and the Bottom 16 (minus Micrognathozoa), and created a bracket for each half using this site. I split up the list because it felt unfair not to give the less charismatic phyla at least a chance to compete! I've been affectionately calling the Bottom 16 matchups the "Micro-Royale" :) From there, I created a new bracket, alternating matchups between the Top 16 and Bottom 16.
Since Tumblr is probably going to crunch the image quality, the bracket matchups are listed in text format below the Keep Reading.
Round 1:
Round 2:
Arthropoda vs. Brachiopoda
Priapulida vs. Placozoa
Platyhelminthes vs. Onychophora
Loricifera vs. Gastrotricha
Annelida vs. Nematoda
Cycliophora vs. Gnathostomulida
Phoronida vs. Cnidaria
Dicyemida vs. Chaetognatha
Mollusca vs. Bryozoa
Nematomorpha vs. Orthonectida
Nemertea vs. Ctenophora
Acanthocephala vs. Tardigrada
Echinodermata vs. Porifera
Rotifera vs. Kinorhyncha
Entoprocta vs. Chordata
Xenacoelomorpha vs. Hemichordata
>> (Micrognathozoa will challenge the winner of this matchup)
Welcome to Forms and Phyla! Each day, a short presentation of one of the animal kingdom's 32 described phyla, highlighting its diversity and uniqueness!
Watch the tree of life - and the blog's profile picture - light up before your eyes, as a new facet of animal diversity is revealed each time!
Click here for the latest post (Gastrotricha, the hairybellies), or see below for the list of posts!
I got tired of all those theriotype polls and quizzes that only list every subgroup of the order Carnivora and then maybe like two options for birds and reptiles. Wanted to make a more broad one so all animals are represented. Couldn't fit every phylum though but I added an other option, don't worry :)