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menuandprice · 2 years

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Krystal Menu Prices

Krystal Menu Prices are very curious. For this reason, we have prepared the updated Krystal Menu Price list for you. By following our site, you can reach up-to-date menu prices such as Krystal Menu Prices. The menu prices of the Krystal brand, which has many branches, are frequently searched. You can follow our website menuandprice.net for menu prices research. We offer you the most up-to-date Krystal menu prices. You can find the menu prices of the brand you want to research on our website. You can also access the menu of the restaurant, cafe or fastfood store you want from the search field above. Here are the new Krystal Menu prices.

krystal menu

Krystal Menu Prices

Krystal is a fast food restaurant chain famous for serving small, square slider burgers with steamed-in onions. Their sliders are very similar to those of White Castle. Usually the states that have Krystal restaurants do not have White Castle, and vice versa. Krystal prices are similar to those of White Castle though. Other than their slider hamburgers, Krystal also has Big Angus Burgers as well as various chicken meals. They also have sweets, sides, and breakfast items. New Krystal Menu Prices; Breakfast Original Scrambler – Combo$4.31Low Carb Scrambler – Combo$3.83Sausage Gravy Scrambler – Combo$4.503 Egg Breakfast – Plate$4.79Sausage Gravy Biscuit – Plate$3.352 Sunrisers – Combo$3.83Breakfast Toast Sandwich – Combo$3.83Breakfast Biscuit – Combo$3.83Chik Biscuit – Combo$3.83Krystal Menu Prices Krystal Combos 4 Original Krystals – Combo$5.463 Double Krystals – Combo$6.043 Triple Krystals – Combo$6.715 Cheese Krystals – Combo$7.093 Bacon & Cheese Krystals – Combo$6.043 Loaded Krystals – Combo$6.04Krystal Menu Prices Value Packs 12 Krystal Sackful – Combo$12.95Krystal Burger – Only12 Pc.$8.63Cheese Krystal Burger – Only12 Pc.$10.55Krystal Burger – Only24 Pc.$16.31Cheese Krystal Burger – Only24 Pc.$19.19Krystal Burger – Only48 Pc.$30.71Wings12 Pc.$8.63Wings24 Pc.$16.31Wings48 Pc.$30.71Krystal Menu Prices Chik’ & Pup’ Combos 3 Chiks – Combo$5.753 Pups – Combo (Choose Any 3)$5.75Corn Pup$1.33Wings – Combo6 Pc.$6.71Krystal Menu Prices

krystal breakfast menu Kid’s Meals Krystal Burger – Meal$3.35Krystal Chik – Meal$3.35Pup – Meal$3.35Krystal Menu Prices Sides French FriesSmall$1.53French FriesMedium$1.91French FriesLarge$2.10Chili Cheese Fries$2.77Chili BowlLarge (12 oz.)$2.29GritsBowl$0.95Hashbrown Kryspers$0.95Krystal$0.76Krystal Menu Prices Treats Apple Turnover$0.95Krystal Menu Prices Beverages Soft DrinkSmall$1.53Soft DrinkMedium$1.72Soft DrinkLarge$1.91Iced TeaSmall$1.53Iced TeaMedium$1.72Iced TeaLarge$1.91Tea1/2 Gallon$2.39Signature Coffee16 oz.$1.33Milk$1.53Orange Juice$1.53Bottled Water$1.53Arctic Blast$2.10Milkshake (Chocolate, Vanilla, or Strawberry)$3.16Krystal Menu Prices During the first years of the Great Depression, Krystal was founded in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by Rody Davenport Jr. and partner J. Glenn Sherrill. Davenport's wife, Mary, came up with the restaurant's name after noticing how clean a crystal ball lawn ornament was. Davenport and Sherrill were sticklers for cleanliness, so "crystal clean" or "clean as a crystal" came to mind. The original restaurant cost $5,000 and consisted of a 25-by-10 foot building. Kona Ice Menu Prices https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_daI2DZqGzw Krispy Kreme Menu Prices Krystal has been selling burgers for 90 years, and we are proud to say we have sold over 10 BILLION Krystals throughout that time. You heard that right, that's billion, with a B. And we plan on selling 10 BILLION more of the original flavor bomb that made Krystal famous. Those grilled to absolute perfection patties topped with diced onions, mustard, and a slice of dill pickle, all on Krystal's signature steamed bun. Kotobuki Menu Prices What is the difference between White Castle and Krystal?So if you want a sweet burger, go with White Castle, but for tangy and savory burgers, it's Krystal. The other major difference between the two is the bun, as Krystal feels fuller. However, some folks might prefer White Castle because of its juicy sweet taste, and it is also a few cents cheaper.Are Krystal burgers real meat?The chain has occasionally expanded its menu to include larger burgers, such as the "Big Angus Burger", a full-size hamburger made of 100% Angus beef. Krystal is known for a diverse breakfast menu, which includes a made-to-order country breakfast, meat and egg sandwiches, and biscuits, as well as other items.Are krystals hot dogs beef or pork?served on krystals soft, square buns, the double krystal has two grilled, 100% usda all-beef burgers separated by a third slice of bun in the middle and topped with diced onions, mustard and two dill pickles on each individual burger patty. Read the full article

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annieboltonworld · 4 years

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Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Vegetation Analysis: A Tool for Restoration of Degraded Habitats of Raikela Iron Ore Mines

Authored by RK Mishra

Abstract

The study was carried out with an aim to select indigenous plant species for restoration of a degraded habitat at Bonai reserve forest area formed due to mining in Sundergarh district of Odisha. Species for restoration were selected from mine forest area through systematic phytosociological analysis that involved measurement of Importance Value Index (IVI) and regeneration values of tree species. However, species selection from plantation was made based on their growth, productivity, and adaptation to terrain and soil types. Shrubs and grasses were selected based on relative index and relative abundance, respectively. The top 15 tree and 16 grass species, and the entire six shrub species were selected from mine forest area and plantation were considered for restoration of dump areas. Since soils of dump were of similar nature as that of the forest area, the findings will be helpful in faster restoration of the degraded habitats with initial human facilitation. After care and monitoring has also been suggested to enhance the recovery process.

Keywords: Adaptation; Degraded; Growth; Importance Value Index (IVI); Productivity; Restoration; Vegetation

Abbreviations: IVI: Importance Value Index; RF: Relative Frequency; RIOM: Raikela Iron Ore Mine; RF: Relative Frequency; RDo: Relative Dominance; RI: Relative Index

Introduction

Ecological restoration aims to recreate, initiate, or accelerate the recovery of habitats that has been disturbed. Disturbances are environmental changes that alter ecosystem structure and function. Common disturbances include mining, logging, damming rivers, intense grazing and fire. Out of these disturbances degradation of natural habitats due to opencast mining leads towards clearing of vegetation is a common phenomenon. Normal recovery of distributed habitats takes times through colonization of plant and animal species [1-3] and can be accelerated through human intervention. Till yet, not much attention was paid to restore these habitats. Recent awareness followed by stringent enforcement of rules and regulations has generated consciousness about the environment. Restoration has been attempted on an experimental basis in various parts of India [4-7] through implementation of plantation programme. In such practices plantation of exotic and horticultural species has attempted for restoration and as a result the degraded land has been made productive [8].

Restoration is the recreation of entire communities of organisms, closely modeled on those occurring naturally, while reclamation refers to any deliberate attempt to return a damaged ecosystem to some kind of productive use [9-11]. It would appear that in many cases, it is reclamation rather than restoration which is attempted. Restoration needs knowledge of indigenous biological resources for understanding the species response to micro-environmental features and edaphic conditions [12-14]. Information on these aspects not only helps in selecting species adapted to local conditions [7] but also in the fast recovery of the ecosystem when such species are planted there [15,16]. This article represents the outcome of a study that included these aspects to help in ecological restoration of a disturbed site at Bonai reserve forest area in Sundergarh district, Odisha.

The Bonai reserve forest in Sundergarh district, Odisha has been disturbed due to mining since 1970. The area with dry deciduous forests contains good quality of minable iron ore deposits. To undertake the mining activities some part of the forest covers of this reserve forest was cleared. Presently dumping is being done in well vegetated valleys adversely affected the vegetation. Thus the present study was an attempt to select plant species based on a set of criteria in restoring the degraded habitat of Raikela Iron Ore Mine, Odisha.

Study area

The Raikela Iron Ore Mine (RIOM) 210 52/ 45// to 210 53/ 08 //N latitude and 850 11/ 05 // to 850 11/ 30 // E longitude having a lease area of about 45.93 ha covers some part of Bonai reserve forest in Sundergarh district of Odisha. In this area mining has been done in 29.184 ha and 4.16 ha have been used as dump. The rate of extraction of ore is around 5, 02, 200 TPA. The ore to waste ratio is 1.8:1 which might decrease to 1:1 with increasing depth. The mines lease area includes the following:

i. Forest area (FA): 12.592 ha, where mining activities have not yet been taken up and have natural vegetation in some parts.

ii. Active dump (AD): Nearly equal to one hectare area i.e. 0. 75 ha, where waste and top soil of the mining area is being dumped.

iii. Old dump (OD): 3.41 ha, where the waste and top soil was dumped in the past. Only Acacia farnesiana has been planted here.

iv. Mining Area (MA): 29.18 ha, where mining has been done.

The soil of the area is slightly acidic (pH: 5.8 ± 1.18), loamy with some proportions of silt and clay. The depth varies from shallow (0-30cm) and medium (31-50cm) to moderately deep (51-80cm). Most areas have medium depth soil. More than 50% of the area has moderate to good water holding capacity. Average value of some important soil physico-chemical characters of the study area is presented in (Table 1).

Source: EIA and EMP Report [17]; WHC: Water Holding Capacity.

Methods

A reconnaissance survey was carried out from June, 2010- May, 2011 in FA, OD, AD and plantation (P). FA was studied in twenty stratified random belt transects, each 25x20m. The stratification was based on the habitats and major topographic variation. In each transect, data on trees ( > 30cm gbh) such as girth at breast height (137cm above ground), height, canopy height, canopy width and regeneration (plants <10cm gbh) were recorded. Shrub species and their frequency were recorded on these transects, while in case of herbaceous species, abundance was recorded. OD and AD had only herb cover that was estimated at 10m intervals along five lines transects in each of them. Since herb cover on AD and OD was low, it was estimated quantitatively i. e. rare, common and abundant, and an abundance rating (AR) was given to each herbaceous species. The rare species was rated as 1, while the common and abundant species were given a score of 2 and 3, respectively.

Species selection from forest

Tree species for restoration were selected in two phases. In the first phase, the top 15 species were selected based on Importance Value Index (IVI). Remarking was given to each species based on the IVI. IVI was calculated as a sum of relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF), and relative dominance (RDo) [17,18]. During the second phase of selection, regeneration potential was included. Tree species represented by more than 15 individuals in the regeneration stage was ranked 1, and species having no regeneration were ranked 3. Adding IVI and regeneration ranks, the top ten tree species were selected for restoration. Shrub species were selected using relative index (RI) computed as a sum of RD and RF [8]. For herbaceous species only abundance was calculated as per Kershaw [19].

Species selection from plantation

Tree species in "P" were selected based on their growth, productivity and adaptation. The growth was estimated using Size Index [8] as:

SI=Tree height (cm) x gbh (cm)].

Productivity potential of tree species was estimated using Canopy Index [8] as:

CI=Average canopy height + Average canopy width) x no. of sample trees.

Adaptation potential of species was evaluated as; species grown on the slopes were ranked 1, species grown on flat terrain were ranked 2, while those species grown in valleys, stream bed or river bed were ranked 3 and 4, respectively. The species growing on shallow soils were ranked 1, while those on medium and deep soil were ranked 2 and 3, respectively. Adding the ranks for growth, productivity, terrain and soil, the top ten species were selected. Some species were included based on their properties to enrich the soil.

Results and Discussion

Species richness and abundance

A total of 58 species were recorded in FA and includes 30 trees, 6 shrubs and 22 herbaceous species (Table 2). However, in plantation only12 tree species were recorded. Tree species enumerated in FA were nearly equal to 1.5 times more than in "P". Seven tree species were common to both FA and "P". Of these, Gmelina arborea, Diospyros melanoxylon and Albizia lebbeck performed better in "P" only. On the other hand Xylia xylocarpa performed well in both. In shrubs their diversity was low with respect to number of species as compared to trees and herbaceous species. Only six shrub species were recorded in the study area. However, 22 numbers of herbaceous species were recorded and their diversity in terms of number of species was intermediate between tree and shrub species enumerated from the study area (Table 3).

* Species selected for restoration.

Plant species diversity at tree level was more in FA then "P" This is natural because plantations are generally monocultures or at best include few species of interest and are single layered. Forests, on the other hand, grow with natural succession have stratification resulting in higher species diversity of not only plants but also animals [20]. In plantation instead of IVI, growth rate and productivity of tree species was considered along with terrain and soil depth for species selection. The age of tree species (years after plantation) ranged from 4 to 6 years. G. arborea was the fast-growing species with maximum growth rate of 3842 cm2/year while Xylia xylocarpa gained maximum productivity of 46 cm2/year (Table 4).

When adaptation to terrain and soil depth was included in the selection parameter, A. farnesiana and D. melanoxylon shared the top rank. Parameters used for selection of species were decided in order to measure their adaptation and robustness to grow in difficult conditions. Inclusion of more than one parameter ensure that even if some species scored equal points on one parameter, the difference in scores in other parameters helped in selecting the better species. For example, tree species in plantation showed similarity in productivity but there was a variation in growth rate. In addition to selection of parameters, selection of species for plantation from different sampling areas (FA, OD, AD, and P) helped in developing a comprehensive list of species based on their performance in diverse habitats. Only 12 tree species were grown in plantation, out of which 7 species did occur in FA. On the other hand, a relatively large number species in the FA helped in providing more options for the species selection. The cumulative list of 20 tree species, 10 each from FA and plantation provided best performing local species in the vicinity, to boost natural colonization (Table 5).

Further, the study envisages that to increase the fertility level of dump, growing leguminous plant would be more useful, as they supply nitrogen to the root zone in mine spoil [13]. Acacia sp. and A. lebbeck are some of the species that have high nitrogenous activity in root nodules [21,22]. Therefore, these tree species are suggested to grow on dumps as well as in the degraded areas. In addition to these Pongamia pinnata is considered as one of the promising species for overburden of mining areas [23] and should be planted on the dumps to enrich soil. The findings also suggest that tree species selected from 'P 'may perform well when planted on dumps as indicated by better growth of G. arborea, D. Melanoxylon, P. pterocarpum and A. lebbeck. The list of tree species suggested for plantation is given in (Table 5).

Shrub and herbaceous species selection

The RI of shrub species in the FA ranged from 11.87 to 23.71. Woodfordia fruticosa had maximum RI followed by Helicteres isora and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, while Cassia auriculata had the minimum RI (Table 2). All the six species found were recommended for use in restoration activity. Abundance of herbaceous species in the FA ranged from 1-9. Maximum abundance was experienced by Cyperus compressus followed by Chloris virgata, Dactyloctenium aegypticum = Digitaria marginata, Chlorisbarbata = Aristidasetacea, Setaria verticillata= Isellema taxum, etc. However, the minimum was experienced by Pennisetum sp. (Table 2). On the basis of abundance rating the top sixteen herbaceous species were selected from the mining forest area for restoration activity (Table 2). Generally natural succession commences with herbaceous species among the higher plant groups.

Thus introducing the herbaceous species from the FA can enhance succession rate on OD and AD. Promoting selected native shrub and herb species on the periphery of dumps and on stream-bed can act as vegetative filter to reduce soil and water pollution in the surrounding areas as observed by [6,24]. Shrubs are more effective in halting runoff and erosion [25] than the agro forestry crops. Therefore, in this study, native shrub species are suggested for the dumps as the first phase of restoration. One of the parameters considered to select plant species was the slope gradient. Two shrubs named as N. arbor-tristis and W exerta and three herbaceous species named as S. verticillata, Themeda arundinaceae and D. aegyptium were found abundant on the slopes. Therefore, these species should be grown on dump slopes. The soils of both AD and OD were of similar nature as that of FA and P. Moreover 70cm of the topsoil is stocked separately for spreading it on the dumps during resolution. Therefore, the selected plant species will successively grow on dumps. A small part of OD has already been successfully planted with A. farnesiana.

Conclusion

To restore the biological quality of the degraded habitats of Raikela Iron Ore Mine (RIOM), selection of native plant life forms of different strata from FA and P based on the study of their IVI, regeneration potential, growth rate, productivity, relative index and abundance rank for plantation may be an ideal method. In achieving better growth of planted species on dumps certain steps should be followed which includes water management to promote growth of perennial species, protection from anthropogenic disturbances i.e. grazing and cutting. In addition, ecological study at regular intervals is needed to monitor the survival and growth of plant species and to find out the effects of various plant species on the habitat conditions. At regular intervals study on soil physico- chemical parameters indicate about the change in soil nutrient status of the restored area. Further, monitoring of vertebrate faunal communities and their association with plant life forms in restored areas may also be important in understanding the overall effects of restoration work. Such restoration practice is also important to reduce high rates of forest destruction, energy shortages and steps towards conservation of biological resources.

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/index.php

#Juniper Publishers Indexing Sites List #juniper publishers publons #Ecological psychology #Human Ecology #Aquatic and environmental engineering

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honeybee6792 · 4 years

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My Dominant Emotion is SHAME

Shame is when we believe ourselves to be a bad person and believe people will reject us. You may judge yourself to be inferior and ‘not good enough’ or thinking that you have not lived up to others’ expectations. You may compare yourself to others a lot and engage in ‘people-pleasing’ behaviours. Shame enables us to want to hide or disappear when a situation feels uncomfortable.

Constantly feeling shameful can lead to you shutting down and blocking out all other emotions. You may engage in distracting, impulsive behaviours or have dissociative experiences and feelings of numbness. It can impair your problem-solving ability and lead you to isolate yourself from others.

#emotion #quiz

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toaster--strudel · 7 years

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its only12:53 am but im so tired??? when did this become a thing

#wut?#when?#i m so thirsty #water sounds nice

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gulfwarvetmusic-blog · 7 years

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kickstarter

Hits of Donald Miclette - I am a disabled Gulf War Vet and I write and sing music to cope with my PTSD and other issues. I want to make an album of my songs. - http://kck.st/2upjPEr

#ONLY12 DAYS T GO. PLEASE ASSIST ME WITH THIS PROECT!!!! IT WILL BE WORTH THE MONEY!!!!

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saltycathy · 8 years

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Aah its still 9 am ive only had a coffee today how about you?

what the fuck its only12:50am for me what the fuck

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alejandrinagoldh-blog · 7 years

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Road Illumination.

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