#originally leafs birth name was going to be mary but when i looked up how it was translated into esperanto

[birdcatt]

quick comic on 1 of the reasons why leaf continues to be a darkrai hater even after a while

context:

my version has 2 heroes, one who is amnesiac and the other who isn't. the leafeon is the non-amnesiac hero who struggles with the fact that her sister remembers absolutely nothing

Emelino/Emerald are the same person, the amnesiac hero, just with a different name. Emerald is her current name and the one she went by when she lost her memoriess, but Emelino was her name in the dark future

initially, the only ones who were aware that Emelino was once her name are all the people from the future, which includes Leaf (whose birth name is Maria, for the curious)

[chrisevans-sexualfrustrations]

Save me - Chapter 1

The room was dark as always; there was no way to catch any sleep if everything around me wasn’t in complete darkness; if anything could distract me from my main task, sleeping. I thanked it somehow; sleeping is one of those activities that I’ve never completed at all, not since that day.

As always, I got up to open my room’s window to know where I was walking and so I could pick my clothes from the wardrobe, a wardrobe that couldn’t have more than three pairs of jeans, a couple skirts and some shirts. With my mind somehow asleep because of my medication that I take every night, I finished getting dressed and went to the door just to meet my brother in the living room but, just like every day, it was closed from outside. I knocked softly and spoke out loud:

-Andy, I’m awake – I Heard some steps not too far from my room and my brother opened the door to greet me with a beautiful “Good morning”, happy and smiling just like every morning. My answer? A simple “you too” with my emotion-less face.

-Breakfast is ready – Andy said waiting for me to sit down at the table that he arranged with a few toast and orange juice. Later, he entered my room to tidy it up a Little.

Andy is my Little brother. Actually, we’re only one year apart from each other and he’s been taking care of me since our parents left us. He’s always been a very responsible guy, somebody who took care of everybody, who knew what he wanted in life and somebody who had a very cleared mind. That benefited him the day he became my big brother. Yes, there’s a story behind that.

-You have your last date with Philip today before we start classes again, don’t you? – Andy asked me while he sat in front of me and started eating his breakfast.

-Yes.

-But I’ve heard he will transfer his office to the main building. NYU has hired him as their psychologist.

-I don’t know. We usually talk about how crazy I am.

Andy didn’t like that. He never did.

-You’re not crazy, Alma – Andy said, very serious.

-Of course not – I got up from the chair and took my plastic plate and cutlery and thew them to the garbage.

Minutes later we were ready to go. Andy would drive us to Philip’s office, my psychologist since I got diagnosed with schizophrenia when I was a child. Philip had treated my family very well since day one, he even gave us therapy when we had no money left and every dollar of it was spent on my medication. He only did his job because he wanted to save people from disgrace.

His office wasn’t so far from the campus. Oh yeah, I live in the university campus with my brother since our parents left us. We both attend the same classes ‘cause I spent a year doing nothing but nothing and I lost a year. I was studying Philosophy and my brother was doing Anthropology. Same college building, same campus.

We arrived Philip office and sat in the waiting room. Andy would wait for me to come out from my two-hour session and then we’d go home. Always the same routine. I love routines.

His usual secretary, Mary, talked to my brother about his summer holidays while I sat by myself Reading a Descartes biography and finally she turned to me.

-So, Alma. How were your holidays?

-Like everybody’s – I said without my eyes leaving the book.

-I hope you caught new energy to go back!

-I guess.

She laughed nervously and spoke again.

-By the way, doctor Philip is no longer working here.

-What? – that made me nervous. Extremely nervous. I closed the book without noticing I didn’t marked where I was Reading – Has something happened to him?

-This summer his wife gave birth two beautiful creatures and being in his office all day wasn’t enough to raise those children, so he decided to take a few sabbatical years before going to work again.

-No… it can’t be… he can’t leave me like this… He’s been my psychologist all these years. I didn’t even know his wife was pregnant. Is this some kind of joke? Andy – I spoke a Little too loud taking my brother’s arm – It’s not funny. If Philip is gone, then we go home.

-Relax, I’m sure there’s a substitute or something, really?

-Yes, be calm. A new specialist has come. His name is Chris and was the top of her prom. I’m sure you’ll do great with him – Mary tried not to look scared of me, scared of attacking her like once or twice I did in the past. A woman of her age was not ready to scares.

A middle-aged woman emerged from the door where Philip’s office was supposed to be and now it was occupied by some guy named Chris, who appeared after that woman. He looked very Young, at least 35 years old. He was wearing a blue suit with a tie. His hair was short and he had a beard, which should be usual on him because it looked perfectly cut. I could guess his eyes were blue and, for some reason, when he looked at me, I could feel peace inside of me.

-You should be Alma. I’m Chris, substitute of doctor Philip. C’mon in. – he invited me in and I stood up.

-I’m sorry but I’m not coming in.

-Alma, c’mon. You know what we always say, this is because of your health – Andy told me in a low voice just for me to hear it.

-He’s a stranger, Andy. Doctor Philip knows my whole story and I’m not starting a 10 year therapy again with a new man.

-If you don’t want to do it for you, then do it for me, please.

Those words always win. “Do it for me”. Andy saved me from the worst back in the days and he was always willing everything just for me to recover. I owed him my life and that Little favor couldn’t be a problem.

I sighed and entered the room. Everything was the same except for a big Mac that occupied most of the desk where Philip used to sit in.

-Please, sit down – Chris said in a very nice tone.

Slowly, I reached the chair in front of his desk.

-Philip has told me your situation and he said that you’ve been 10 years coming to his sessions.

-Yes – I didn’t look at him, just around. The book shelves that filled the room had changed. There were new books. I remembered Philip used to put them in alphabetical order. He loved biology, physics and everything involving science. That guy seemed to be interested in other things.

-Do you feel any – he cut his words when he saw me getting up from my spot and headed to the book shelf to take a closer look of the books - … any better since you’ve worked with him?

-I do. Since I see him every week my schizophrenia appears less frequently. Just when I’m very nervous. But you should know that, right? – I started seeing literature and history books. Totally the opposite of Philip. My eyes stopped in a book about Descartes life, the one I was Reading in that moment. I took it and started to leaf through the pages. It was a first edition from the 19th century. A treasure.

-Um. Well, in fact I knew it but I wanted to hear it from you – he swallowed a Little – Schizophrenia is a disease that is well treated nowadays and luckily we have enough resources to-

-Stop his development while the schizophrenic grows older. You just entered my black list of doctors who always say the same thing – I closed the book and put it in its original spot – With those words you just showed me that you’re one of those who wish to “cure me” and hang a piece of a newspaper in the Wall saying “Doctor saves the life of a schizophrenic and depressed patient”. Thanks, but no.

I started to head to the door very mad at me for saying yes to go in, at him for giving me hopes to find a better psychologist than Philip and at Andy for making me go in. I Heard him getting up from his chair.

-“What it seems to be pure gold and fine diamond, it may be nothing but a bit of copper and glass”. Don’t believe in everything you see, Alma. I’ll show you that I’m not one of those you think I am. I want to help you. I wouldn’t have studied this if my only purpose wasn’t helping people. I have no intention to hang any piece of a newspaper in the Wall at least it says “Donald Trump finally retires”.

I stopped in my shoes. Maybe, he wanted to really help me. He might be right. Damn it, always that weakness of trusting everybody. I turned around and went back to my chair.

-Just because you quoted Descartes, you have all the right to know why I killed my parents and why is that the reason of my therapy.

MOD NOTE: Author, please be aware that if the main character becomes involved in a relationship with “Chris” while he is her therapist, that would fall under our rule against Chris engaging in illegal activity.

[jelantiahilma]

Five Ways On How To Prepare For Peace Lily Near Me | Peace Lily Near Me

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In fact, the very word “lily” comes “lilium”, its name in Latin, which originated from “leirion”, thier name in Greek. Later on, the Romans also started in order to share the Greeks’ value for that flower, and attached it in with their own own queen of gods. Even one of their own poets, Virgil, who lived between 70 to nineteen BC spoke of the particular flowers in some of his poems.

A lilies bouquet is also a very strong messenger, because of the particular things lilies symbolize. To be able to the Greeks, they designed birth and renewal, mainly because they associated it with the legend associated with Hera. On the additional hand, they represented chastity and innocence for your Christians, who associated the plants with virgin Mary. Moreover, the three petals in the lily flower is often thought to represent the trinity. Whichever meaning speaks in order to you, there is denying that they are a really positive symbol.

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[liaflowerwall]

Five Ways On How To Prepare For Peace Lily Near Me | Peace Lily Near Me

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Lilies bloom throughout summer, and have an incredible scent, which is utilized to attract bees, the butterflies and other pollinators. They may be very popular the world over, have been spoken of in literature in addition to painted by famous painters. Even today, a lilies bouquet is very nicely received due to the flowers’ elegance.

Lilies were first pointed out on a tablet coming from Sumeria about 5000 yrs ago, where they have been described to surround a new city. Nevertheless , the Madonna lily, for instance, was dealt with with much respect simply by the Minoans, who related it with the empress Britomartis. Of much greater importance it was to the particular Greeks, because they associated it with Hera, the queen of gods. Moreover, their mythology tells that the lily first appeared on Earth after Hera’s breast milk stained the air, creating the Milky Method, and a few droplets than it fell down in order to the ground. Those drops, the legend goes, started to be the first lilies.

In fact, the very word “lily” comes “lilium”, its name in Latin, which originated from “leirion”, thier name in Greek. Later on, the Romans also started in order to share the Greeks’ value for that flower, and attached it in with their own own queen of gods. Even one of their own poets, Virgil, who lived between 70 to nineteen BC spoke of the particular flowers in some of his poems.

A lilies bouquet is also a very strong messenger, because of the particular things lilies symbolize. To be able to the Greeks, they designed birth and renewal, mainly because they associated it with the legend associated with Hera. On the additional hand, they represented chastity and innocence for your Christians, who associated the plants with virgin Mary. Moreover, the three petals in the lily flower is often thought to represent the trinity. Whichever meaning speaks in order to you, there is denying that they are a really positive symbol.

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With this kind of history behind these people and such beautiful meanings carried in their sturdy petals, it is simply no surprise that lilies are usually loved a lot. Many will tell you that they like the flowers’ shape, or even their amazing scent that can easily fill a great entire room, but there’s so much more to them compared to way these people appear. A gift – for someone, or with regard to yourself- of a lilies bouquet is an excellent reminder of love and evidence of attention that will certainly provide a smile even about the saddest face.

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[qindaskurdi]

Five Ways On How To Prepare For Peace Lily Near Me | Peace Lily Near Me

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Lilies bloom throughout summer, and have an incredible scent, which is utilized to attract bees, the butterflies and other pollinators. They may be very popular the world over, have been spoken of in literature in addition to painted by famous painters. Even today, a lilies bouquet is very nicely received due to the flowers’ elegance.

Lilies were first pointed out on a tablet coming from Sumeria about 5000 yrs ago, where they have been described to surround a new city. Nevertheless , the Madonna lily, for instance, was dealt with with much respect simply by the Minoans, who related it with the empress Britomartis. Of much greater importance it was to the particular Greeks, because they associated it with Hera, the queen of gods. Moreover, their mythology tells that the lily first appeared on Earth after Hera’s breast milk stained the air, creating the Milky Method, and a few droplets than it fell down in order to the ground. Those drops, the legend goes, started to be the first lilies.

In fact, the very word “lily” comes “lilium”, its name in Latin, which originated from “leirion”, thier name in Greek. Later on, the Romans also started in order to share the Greeks’ value for that flower, and attached it in with their own own queen of gods. Even one of their own poets, Virgil, who lived between 70 to nineteen BC spoke of the particular flowers in some of his poems.

A lilies bouquet is also a very strong messenger, because of the particular things lilies symbolize. To be able to the Greeks, they designed birth and renewal, mainly because they associated it with the legend associated with Hera. On the additional hand, they represented chastity and innocence for your Christians, who associated the plants with virgin Mary. Moreover, the three petals in the lily flower is often thought to represent the trinity. Whichever meaning speaks in order to you, there is denying that they are a really positive symbol.

When organizing a lilies bouquet, take away leaves within the arises, as having them marine will only end upward making the water murky and the whole arrangement will become unappealing. Then, cut-off about 2 cm from the stems, and perform so inside a diagonal line to increase the intake area. If possible, contain the stems underwater while performing the cut to stay away from formation of air pockets within them. As typically the stamens in the flowers build, make sure to reduce them because when dropping, they will end up staining everything they feel. Finally, change the water every few days through adding plant food, in order in order to make certain that the lilies arrangement are always well fed.

With this kind of history behind these people and such beautiful meanings carried in their sturdy petals, it is simply no surprise that lilies are usually loved a lot. Many will tell you that they like the flowers’ shape, or even their amazing scent that can easily fill a great entire room, but there’s so much more to them compared to way these people appear. A gift – for someone, or with regard to yourself- of a lilies bouquet is an excellent reminder of love and evidence of attention that will certainly provide a smile even about the saddest face.

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[nofomoartworld]

Hyperallergic: Jimmie Durham Retrospective Reignites Debate Over His Claim of Native Ancestry

Jimmie Durham, “Head” (2006), wood, papier-mâché, hair, seashell, turquoise, metal tray, 10 x 16 x 16 in, Fondazione Morra Greco, Naples, Italy (courtesy of kurimanzutto, Mexico City)

MINNEAPOLIS — The traveling retrospective Jimmie Durham: At the Center of the World opened last week at the Walker Art Center. It is a massive exhibition, with nearly 150 works dating from 1970 to the present, and accompanied by a 320-page catalogue. That a solo exhibition of this size and scope would be devoted to an artist who has claimed Native American heritage is noteworthy, especially given how little space is usually given to Native artists in mainstream museums. The only problem is that Durham isn’t a member of any Native American tribe; available information and the statements he has made about his origins leave much room for doubt and debate about his Native ancestry.

Organized by the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles, At the Center of the World was curated by the Hammer’s senior curator, Anne Ellegood, with curatorial assistant MacKenzie Stevens. After its run at the Walker Art Center — where it was coordinated by curator Vincenzo de Bellis, with Misa Jeffereis — it will travel to the Whitney Museum in New York and then the new Remai Modern in Saskatoon, Canada.

Jimmie Durham, “Malinche” (1988–92), guava, pine branches, oak, snakeskin, polyester bra soaked in acrylic resin and painted gold, watercolor, cactus leaf, canvas, cotton cloth, metal, rope, feathers, plastic jewelry, glass eye, 70 x 23 5/8 x 35 in, Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst (SMAK), Ghent, Belgium (photo © SMAK / Dirk Pauwels)

In an interview published in Interventions and Provocations: Conversations on Art, Culture, and Resistance (1998), Durham told Susan Canning that he grew up in a household that spoke Cherokee in the home. According to Lucy Lippard’s glowing piece about him, “Postmodernist ‘Savage’” (1993) in Art in America, he belonged to the peyote-smoking Native American Church. Mary Modeen wrote that Durham is one quarter Cherokee. His bio, originally posted on the Hammer’s website and now gone (though available on archived versions of press materials), states that he is “a Native American of Cherokee descent.”

However, Durham has also said that he is not Cherokee. Following the appearance of Lippard’s “Postmodernist ‘Savage’” in 1993, he wrote a letter to the magazine, which it published, where he wrote: “I am not Cherokee. I am not an American Indian. This is in concurrence with recent US legislation, because I am not enrolled on any reservation or in any American Indian community.”

The Indian Arts and Crafts Act

The “recent US legislation” Durham was referring to was the Indian Arts and Crafts Act (IACA), passed in 1990, which makes it illegal to sell art if you falsely claim to be American Indian, Native American, or a member of any federally recognized tribe. “It’s essentially a truth in advertising law,” Bree Black Horse, an attorney who specializes in Indian law, told Hyperallergic.

Even if Durham’s claims to Cherokee heritage are true, he can’t legally sell his work in the United States, explains Black Horse, because he’s not a tribal member. The works exhibited as part of At the Center of the World aren’t for sale, “so technically doesn’t run afoul of the law, but it definitely violates the spirit of the law,” Black Horse says.

In a 1993 article, Jonathan Tilove of the Newhouse News Service, wrote that following the passage of the IACA, two galleries in Santa Fe and San Francisco canceled Durham shows. Following those events, Geoffrey Stamm, assistant general manager of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board, “warned that when enforcement begins, ‘if Jimmie Durham is selling art work as a Cherokee and he does not have certification from the tribe, he will be arrested,’” Tilove wrote. “Durham apparently took the threat seriously. He has since written Art in America citing the law and declaring, ‘I am not an American Indian.’”

Durham has also not lived in the United States  for 30 years — first settling in Cuernavaca, Mexico beginning in 1987 and then in Europe since 1994 — and has stopped making art about Native identity. However, At the Center of the World prominently features his earlier works, complete with Native imagery, works that use the Cherokee language, works that reference Cherokee history, and works that imply the artist’s Native identity.

Jimmie Durham, “Self-portrait” (1986), canvas, cedar, acrylic paint, metal, synthetic hair, scrap fur, dyed chicken feathers, human rib bones, sheep bones, seashell, thread, 78 x 30 x 9 in, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (photo ©Whitney Museum)

To give an example, one of the first works you see as you enter the show is a sculptural self-portrait of the artist from 1986. It’s a canvas outline of Durham’s body, painted in a shade of brown. “My skin is not really this dark,” he has written on one of the legs, “but I am sure that many Indians have coppery skin.” One of the sculpture’s only three-dimensional elements is the male anatomy, painted yellow and orange, which is flanked with the words “Indian penises are unusually large and colorful.”

As part of programming for the show, the Walker invited Chayenne Arapaho artist Hock E Aye VI Edgar Heap of Birds and Navajo contemporary Native arts scholar Shanna Heap of Birds to speak last week about their own work in the field. During the question and answer session, Shanna Heap of Birds responded to a question about Durham’s Native identity that she had only recently learned of the controversy.

“When I think about Durham’s work — the 40 plus years that he put into it and also looking at the impact that he had on various discourses — like Jean Fisher I think that art is not reducible to identity,” she said. “It has to be seen, like [Fisher] said, as a material realization, as a philosophical act, how you live your life.” As a Navajo woman herself, Heap of Birds said she didn’t feel she had the right to tell someone whether they are Native American or not. She added: “Because that’s their experience. It’s not my business. I know who I am.”

Tribal Sovereignty

Durham’s supporters cite the fact that the artist has never sought Cherokee citizenship as a reason why it’s acceptable for him to say he’s Cherokee without actually being a member of a tribe. His refusal to seek citizenship is seen as an an act of defiance toward established systems for categorizing and confirming Native American identity. “Blood quantum is a bunch of racist nonsense,” Durham said in a 2002 article by Daniel Grant. “Saying you are Indian or not sounds good, but it also makes people choose one ancestry over another. I don’t see urban Indians as second class citizens, or reserve Indians as the epitome of all that is truly red.”

But curator and Anishinaabe poet Heid E. Erdrich, of Minneapolis, argues that you can’t reject something of which you were never a part. “He frames his lack of status as some sort of rejection,” Erdrich told Hyperallergic. “For us, it’s a rejection of Native sovereignty, which we’re bound to uphold as citizens and descendants of our nations.”

“A tribal nation gets to self-determine who is citizen and who isn’t, and that’s the law. That’s our law,” said Seneca choreographer and curator Rosy Simas, who, along with Erdrich and a group of other Native artists and curators, has been meeting with the Walker to try to make changes to the exhibition. “So when someone decides to say, ‘Oh, I’m Cherokee and I don’t care what other Cherokee people say or the Cherokee Nation says,’ or, ‘My lineage doesn’t show that I’m Cherokee but I’m going to say that I’m Cherokee,’ it’s completely disrespecting the sovereignty of that nation.”

Unclear Origins

Lippard wrote that Durham was born into the Wolf Clan in 1940, in Nevada County, Arkansas. Meanwhile, in a recent issue of Flash Art, Jennifer Piejko wrote that he was born in Washington, Arkansas, which is in Hempstead County. “His family inhabited a Cherokee reservation for over a century, following the Indian Removal Act of 1830,” Piejko wrote.

However, there is no birth record of the surname Durham for 1940 in Nevada County or Hempstead County, according to America Meredith, a Swedish-Cherokee writer and scholar, and editor of First American Art Magazine. “Durham was careful to never mention a family member’s name or list his birth date, but MacKenzie Stevens’s Selected Chronology in the At the Center of the World catalogue listed his birthday as July 10, 1940,” Meredith said in an email.

Kathy Griffin White, a Cherokee genealogist, did find record of a Jimmie Bob Durham’s birth in Harris, Texas in 1940, from the Texas Department of Health. The information White found suggests “he is not telling the truth about his birth,” she said in an email.

Detail of Jimmie Durham, “The Indian’s Family” (1985) (photo by the author for Hyperallergic)

Meanwhile, Meredith and White point to a page on findagrave.com, a crowd-sourced website, that features a photo of Durham’s parents, Jerry Loren Durham and Ethel Pauline Simmons Durham. The image of this couple is the same as the one Durham uses, along with the caption “The Indian’s Parents (frontal),” in his piece “The Indian’s Family” (1985) , which is now on view at the Walker. “They had two older daughters and another son, which matches Durham’s descriptions of his family,” Meredith said. “Ethel was born in Shover Springs, Hempstead County, Arkansas, and Jerry was likely born in Sutton, Nevada County, Arkansas.”

The findagrave.com entry lists Willie and Dallie Durham and Alden Fruman Simmons and Minnie Lou Card Simmons as Jimmie Durham’s grandparents. Durham mentions Dallie Harris, who married Willie Durham, in My Book, The East London Coelacanth, Sometimes Called, Troubled Waters; The Story of British Sea-Power, Begins With a Chapter Titled: Metal-Fatigue and Social Politics, published on occasion of his exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London in 1993. “After 300 years of being Cherokee, she could still do an old-fashioned English fry-up,” Durham wrote of his grandmother, “with Cherokee tomatoes, eggs that came from what is ultimately a Chinese bird, sausages from the Tartars and all.”

According to census records found by White, the parents of Durham’s grandmother, Dallie Harris (1837–1957), were Jerry and Mary Harris. White says there is a John Harris listed on records of Western Cherokee in Arkansas, published in 1828, but Durham’s great-grandfather Jerry Harris was born in Georgia, according to his census records. White adds that the fact Durham’s family members are listed on census records from the 19th century at all is further indication that they were not Cherokee. “The Cherokee were never on a US census until 1900,” she said.

On its website, First American Art Magazine has published extensive resources related to the publication’s research into Durham’s genealogy. Just this week, Meredith and nine other artists and scholars published an open letter denouncing Durham’s claims to Cherokee identity.

Hyperallergic attempted to contact Durham to discuss these issues through his gallery in Europe, Michel Rein, as well as through the Walker Art Center, but received no answer.

Disclaimer

Beneath the main introductory wall text for Durham’s retrospective at the Walker, in small print, is a disclaimer. It reads:

While Jimmie Durham self-identifies as Cherokee, he is not recognized by any of the three Cherokee Nations, which as sovereign nations determine their own citizenship. We recognize that there are Cherokee artists and scholars who reject Durham’s claims of Cherokee ancestry.

That disclaimer was added following a meeting between Walker curator Vincenzo de Bellis, director Olga Viso, the Hammer’s senior curator Anne Ellegood, and four Native artists and curators: Heid E. and Louise Erdrich, Dyani White Hawk, and Rosy Simas. The meeting followed an earlier meeting with Simas and White Hawk several months ago, after which some of the publicity language around Durham’s Native identity was eliminated, according to White Hawk.

“I did leave feeling like they were genuinely, actively listening and concerned, and hopefully they will take up some of our requests,” White Hawk said after last week’s four-hour meeting.

According to the Walker’s Public Relations Assistant Director, Meredith Kessler, the disclaimer that now appears beneath the introductory wall text at the start of the exhibition and on a small sign in the museum’s store near the exhibition catalogue, “respects [Durham’s] preference for how he chooses to self-identify.” She added: “We understand that Jimmie Durham has supporters and detractors because of his Cherokee ancestry claim. We respect both points of view and welcome conversation about the complex set of Native sovereignty and identity issues that public response to the exhibition might elicit.”

Durham’s Place in the Canon

White Hawk had hoped the note could have been placed inside each of the catalogues, though right now it just exists as a sign near the books. The note is important, she said, because it will live on after the exhibition closes. “Exhibitions come and go, but that catalogue lives on in the libraries well beyond any of us,” White Hawk said. “I haven’t seen a catalogue of this size by a mainstream institution written about a solo exhibition by a Native artist with this much academic attention.”

Jimmie Durham, “Tlunh Datsi” (1984), puma skull, shells, turquoise, turkey feathers, metal, sheep and deer fur, pine, acrylic paint, 40 1/2 x 35 3/4 x 31 3/4 in, private collection, Belgium

Even focusing on the controversy around Durham means there’s less attention paid to other Native artists, says Cherokee scholar Lara Evans, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native Culture. “I wish we were talking about other Cherokee artists,” she told Hyperallergic. “And talking about the controversy is one of the ways that conversation completely gets derailed into talking about issues of authenticity and promoting an artist who probably doesn’t need promoting as a Native artist.” Evans named Shan Goshhorn, Jeffrey Gibson, Kade Twist, and Kay WalkingStick as some of the prominent Cherokee artists who don’t get enough attention.

Art historian Nancy Marie Mithlo, who challenged Lippard’s framing of Durham as a native artist way back in 1993 (in a piece recently republished by First American Art), said that not much has changed in the past 24 years. “There is largely a willed ignorance about contemporary Native American identity and issues, especially in the arts world,” she told Hyperallergic.

Gwen Westerman, a Dakota and Cherokee artist, said “ethnic fraud” is not a new problem. Neither is how little attention is paid to Native experts who call out mainstream institutions for mistakes. “When Native artists and curators expose a forgery, they are challenged on their authority,” she told Hyperallergic. “Somehow the theft of Native identity is trivialized, and as Native artists and curators we must speak out and keep speaking out about artists like Jimmie Durham. His work continues to be sold and publicized as the work of a Native artist, and museums are complicit in this fraud when they continue to actively or tacitly promote him that way.”

Westerman sees the dialogue around Durham as an opportunity to change the narrative of the way mainstream institutions interact with Native communities. “It is their responsibility to do better in the future,” she said. “They can begin by admitting that it was a mistake to bring this show here to the heart of Ojibwe and Dakota country.”

For White Hawk, the Walker needs to back up its engagement with the Native communities through action. Referencing last month’s controversy over Sam Durant’s “Scaffold” sculpture — when the artist and the Walker chose to remove the sculpture from the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden due to outcry by Dakota community members over its reference to traumatic events in their history — White Hawk saw that the Walker is capable of making change.

“The ‘Scaffold’ situation was not perfect, but they chose to take action and they didn’t have to do that,” she said. “Hopefully this is a turning point. Hopefully the institutions that are involved in this will become more connected to Native artists, Native scholars, Native writers and professionals, and those connections will be built and hopefully there can be a more longstanding relationship with our communities through this experience.”

Jimmie Durham, “Zeke Proctor’s Letter” (1989), acrylic paint, ink, and enamel spray paint on paper, 32 1/8 x 22 in each, Hammer Museum, Los Angeles (photo courtesy kurimanzutto, Mexico City)

Jimmie Durham: At the Center of the World continues at the Walker Art Center (725 Vineland Place, Minneapolis, Minnesota) through October 8.

The post Jimmie Durham Retrospective Reignites Debate Over His Claim of Native Ancestry appeared first on Hyperallergic.

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MEN EXPLAIN ORIGINAL SIN

Little Georgie, the Leaf Spring Cross Bow and the Real Serpent in the Garden of Eden.

My father – in – law liked to tell this story about growing up during the Depression.  He was the youngest of at least half a dozen children and as such had a unique position in the family.  He was sometimes lucky to survive.

One day his older brothers found an abandoned leaf spring from a Model T Ford and decided to use it build a cross bow.  They assembled it, got a bolt, and cranked it back.  They then drew a target on a local barn and gave Little Georgie the ‘honor’ of being the first to try it out. i.e. If anything went wrong, Mom was less likely to punish him.

When the trigger released, George immediately realized he was in trouble. He threw the barrel up to keep it from dislocating his shoulder.  Even still, the force was enough to knock him to the ground.  His brothers were horrified.  Georgie, are you all right?!  His shoulder was sore, but he was ok.  The next issue, “Where did the bolt go?  It’s not on the barn.  You missed the barn!”  

“I did NOT miss the barn!”

They looked all over the barn and found an entry hole.  They couldn’t find the bolt inside the barn either.  They did however; find an exit hole on the wall opposite the entry hole.  They lined up the two holes.  The path led to the local gathering place where the old timers congregated to shoot the breeze.

No one was there.  They didn’t wait to find out if no one had been there or if everyone had scattered when the bolt had come flying out of the side of the barn.  They went home and didn’t mention the episode to anyone, nor attempt to use the cross bow again.

I am also reminded of the book Look me in the Eye When you Talk to Me.  The older brother considers his younger brother and object to torture for his amusement.  My co-worker talks about how her son idolized his older sister when he was little.  She would do nothing but torment him.

Let’s compare this to another story about the youngest in the family; one often discounted by atheists because, “Snakes don’t talk.”  They are wrong.  There is one snake that does talk.

Many definitions exist for the exact nature of original sin, but nearly all agree it involves mankind trying to ‘become’ god.  What one piece of anatomy is most likely to result in an individual believing they are god?

According to the rabbi’s sermon to the Knights of Columbus and the foot notes in my Bible, when God created the second member of humanity, Adam didn’t give her a name,** only a designation.  The term ‘woman’ in Hebrew is a pun on the words ‘her man’**. i.e. Something that has no existence apart from him. So Adam’s statement is essentially – God gave me this really neat appendage to do whatever I want with.  He then continues to prove it.  Is there any other human trait that creates a hell on earth more than looking at each other as an ends to a means?

The serpent is defined in the Bible as “The most cunning of all the animals in the Garden.”  Reptiles are not known for intelligence in Old World mythology.  What is the only animal believed to have_ ‘intelligence’_ in the Garden? The serpent asks the woman what will happen if the fruit is eaten.  She replies that she would die.  He then tells her that the fruit is good and she would be like a god knowing good and evil.  Hunger for Power is usually not a trait associated with women. Blind trust in a spouse is considered more typical. After the woman eats the fruit, she gives it to her husband – WHO WAS STANDING RIGHT THERE! So what was ‘Adam’ doing during all this? – Waiting to see if she really would die!

Then the eyes of both were opened when they had both eaten.  It then dawns on Eve that she has been nothing more than a patsy and Adam realizes that he really screwed up.  St. Paul reiterates this – Through one** MAN** all were condemned. When God asks what they have been doing, Adam immediately blames his wife.  He had already marked her out as the scape goat for this function.  All of the gangs, KKK, other terrorists.  This is SOP.  First convince your recruit do something illegal, immoral, then you can control them by threatening to go to the police, having them thrown out of their families, etc.

God then talks directly to Eve as a real live human being.  When Jesus came again into the world, he continued to talk to women as real live human beings and not furniture and shocked the ‘religious’ leaders of the day.

She replies that the “serpent” tricked her.

God then bans “the Serpent” from all other animals to crawl on the ground and eat dirt. – Only humanity is separate from the rest of the animal kingdom.  Humanity is condemned to survive by the sweat of your brow. Ask any farmer how tired they get and how much dirt they eat.  Hunter gatherers take about 25 Sq mile per person to survive and take a lot of running to run your prey into the ground.  Agriculture expands the number of people per square mile who can survive. I will put enmity between you and the woman. – The domestic violence statistics prove this. I have also heard that the majority of women in prison are there because they trusted their male partner, who set them up as the patsy for their illegal activities.

He will strike at your head while you strike at his heel.  Many translators use the feminine and say this is a reference to the Virgin Mary. No, the pronoun is masculine and it is Christ who kills the serpent by being the complete opposite of selfish.  Rather than sacrifice another to save himself, he sacrifices himself to save us all.  He is the opposite of Adam, looking out for our benefit rather than his.  

This statement also foreshadows the power balance between men and women. I will intensify the pangs of your childbirth – The human head is larger in proportion to the birth canal than any other mammal make child birth difficult.  The greater’ intelligence’ for survival is the trade off.  (God’s ‘curses ‘ are usually not ‘curses’ of a vindictive god, but usually are observations of messes we have gotten ourselves stuck in.  . Llike the mother’s curse and the ‘curse’ of the Bajoran Prophets of Star Trek Deep Space 9 warning their messiah of “great sadness” are observations [Mother’s Curse – When you grow up I hope you have a child_ just like you_ – Works even if you have no biological connection to the child.])

The sins of the fathers shall be visited on the sons for 7 generations.  How many generations since the slavery of the African American?  The African American community is STILL recovering. That time frame is also about how long it takes the gossip to die down in small towns and how long it can take a family to rebuild from a disaster.  Yoyo Ma says the Chinese have a saying.  “It takes three generations to create a musician.”  Keep in mind that your mistakes can have multigenerational consequences. “Your urge shall be for your husband and he shall be your master” – Humanity will learn nothing from this story and will continue their same errors.   Adam’s wife chose her husband rather than God as her ‘master’ and will continue to do so.  Men will continue to brow beat and lord it over women as long as we let them get away with it.  Remember ladies, your first loyalty is to God and your minor children, not your fathers, brothers, husbands, or the ‘pope’ especially when it is essentially bragging about molesting children.

By ‘cursing’ them both God sends several messages.

To quote the signs in china stores – “You break it. You bought it.”  No. He is not going to give in to Adam’s whims and create another partner for him.  He will have to live with his wife and creation was not made for man.  The fishermen who had fished the species to extinction and said it was, “No problem, God will just make more.”  should take note. God also lets him know just who is ultimately at fault.  Adam finally gets it and gives his wife a real name – Eve – Mother of all the living – i.e. second in creative powers only to God. (Eve – Humanity 2.0) (My engineering professor said the prototype is just to check the concept.  You keep improving with each model. The Virgin Mary is humanity 3.0.  Christ would be 4.0, but that is cheating since he is also the creator.) God also tells Eve exactly what the judges in the Nuremburg trials said. – Just following orders is not an excuse.  You are responsible for your own actions.

This story is often used by ‘religious’ leaders to show the inferiority and evil of women.  I say it does the opposite.

Another huge ‘curse’ is the trait of humanity to know what is the best course of action AND TO DO THE COMPLETE OPPOSITE because it is ‘exciting.’ Usually a synonym for stupid** and** dangerous.  God doesn’t tell us not to do things to keep us from having ‘fun’.  He does this to try to keep us from killing ourselves and others.  It is a sorry statement on humanity that good behavior doesn’t come from a heartfelt desire to make the lives of others and ourselves better but from a fear of punishment. So the atheists are wrong.  This is not a meaningless story, but one with a lifetime full of meaning; none of which involves a talking reptile.  Other themes involve the fact the both men and women were created in the image of God and our choice of fear being necessary for humanity to toe the straight and narrow.

 My biggest theological question is “Why didn’t God quit on the 5th day when he was ahead of the game?” and “Are you** SURE** humanity counts as a sentient species?”

Does this interpretation also relate to the practice of circumcision?  Did God impose this practice on the Hebrews as a reminder and penance directly on the trait that resulted in this mess?  It is a very impractical tribal marking.  And how did the penis become the source of all sanctity as joyfully proclaimed by the proud pagan pedophiles in the vatican? If pedophiles are happily chosen to represent Christ at the highest level while excluding women, then the vatican vision of Christ is a deranged predator sacred only because it is male and our children are nothing more than prey to be sacrificed to their penises. If your read all the Old Testament prophets, nothing ticks God off more than sacrificing children to** false gods**.

All the clergy are also informed that the only thing of theirs that matters is their penis. It would certainly solve the world wide unemployment crisis.  Walk into a bishop’s office drop your pants, and immediately receive a guaranteed lifelong job. (Another pedophile was just hired to teach college in Rome last month.  He wasn’t able to find a job in the U.S.)

This parable is also a reminder how we constantly lose the important by choosing the trivial.  In the opening story, someone could have easily gotten killed for what benefit? My son chose to play computer games rather than attend his college classes.  My** ex** chose his little pieces of cardboard, bankruptcy, and death (POGS, Pokémon, Magic the Gathering, Star Trek) over the unconditional love of his children and my income and access to health care. We choose affairs over loyalty to spouses.  We choose to drink and drive with the resulting carnage.  We choose drugs and addiction which pay thugs to take over countries.  We choose trinkets made out of gold and jewels for the ecological and societal devastation.   The vatican joyfully threw away the keys to heaven so that they could worship their dicks and molest children.

Back to the future and beginning – How did this theme start?

(More on non-chronological time later.)