#pmc bio notes

[chadillacboseman]

About JJ Mitchell

Full Name: Jeremiah Jedediah Mitchell

Nickname(s):

JJ

Jed (his father)

Mr. America (Alora)

Full-Metal Dickhead (Kabal)

Age: 46 Gender: Male Place of Birth: Birmingham, Alabama Date of Birth: July 19th Star Sign: Cancer Species/Race: Human Occupation: Private Military Contractor Faction: Falcon Company (allied with Special Forces) Status: Alive

Appearance

Height: 6'0 Weight: 190 lbs Skin Color: White/Tanned Hair Color: Salt and Pepper Eye Color: Hazel

Prominent Features:

Prominent graying near his temples.

Aqualine nose

Hair cropped tight on the sides, longer on top.

Mouth full of too-white, too-straight teeth.

Fighting Attributes

Abilities:

Chaingun - The Glagolev-Shipunov-Gryazev GShG-7.62 rotary machine gun. He can retrieve and mount it for a frenzied gun attack.

Last Resort:

Scorched Earth - Calling in an AC-130 airstrike which obliterates the field.

Skills:

Money, money, money

Has a small personal army at his disposal

Weapons master.

Strengths:

Charming and Disarming - JJ is an expert at defusing situations and charming new contacts. Maybe it's the accent.

Heavy Hitter - He's slow, but when he catches you, watch out!

Pilot - JJ can co-pilot the AC-130 and other heavy warplanes.

Good Leader - Has an entire army at his disposal who are fiercely loyal.

Weaknesses:

Superiority Complex

Slow

Can only pilot with a co-pilot. Cannot land a small plane to save his life.

Storm Trooper aim.

Susceptible to long range

Weapons:

Ruger Security 9 - His primary sidearm

Heckler and Koch HK414

Glagolev-Shipunov-Gryazev GShG-7.62 rotary machine gun

Personality

Traits:

Southern

Cocky to a fault

Quick to anger

Loyal as a starving dog (he'll turn on you for the better bankroll)

Relationships

Enemies:

Black Dragon

Various Other Threats to Earthrealm

Family:

Curtis Mitchell - Father

Carolyn Mitchell - Mother

Siblings unknown

Friends/Allies:

Sonya Blade

Jax Briggs

Johnny Cage

Kombat Kids et all

Kate (formerly)

Other Information

Dislikes:

Waiting around

Closed spaces

Promises not fulfilled

Goals:

Get his bank up, baby

Eventually push Sonya out of the SF and take her place OR

Have Falcon Company become the protectors of Earthrealm

Hobbies:

Horseback riding

Motorcycles

Guitar playing

Likes:

Being the most important one in the room and the center of attention.

Expensive whiskey

Old guns

Habits:

Hums when the air is dead

Uses pet names that piss everyone off

Taps his foot when he's impatient or bored

Fears:

Losing control. Of Falcon Company. Of his life. Of his environment.

Snakes

Enclosed spaces

BIO

Jeremiah Jedediah Mitchell, aka "JJ" was born in Birmingham, Alabama to a family that was nothing of note. His father worked at the steel mill and his mother was a CNA at a longterm care facility.

Jeremiah excelled at his athletic endeavors in high school, but found himself bored with his surroundings. After one semester at BSC, he joined the marines and found his stride. He had a knack for leadership roles and worked well under pressure- enough that he began to attract lucrative offers from PMCs.

But Jeremiah had his sights set higher.

Unfortunately, his humvee was hit by an IED during a tour in Iraq and he lost his leg from the knee down. After his honorable discharge, he started his own PMC, Falcon Company. Such were their escapades that they often attracted the ire of the Black Dragon and various outworld threats.

After a particularly brutal run-in with the Black Dragon, Sonya Blade approached Mitchell and offered him a chance to do something bigger with Falcon Company.

Defend Earthrealm.

The Special Forces has provided him with state of the art prosthetics for his leg, and he considers the injury an upgrade.

Mitchell tolerates Blade and the others, but is biding his time until it's his turn to lead in full. Falcon Company often finds controversy for their fast and loose play with the rulebook.

SHIPS

#HotShot - JJ x Alora (@bihanspookies)

Fun Facts

He did not always have good teeth. He spent a fortune having them veneered.

Codename in the field is FALCON-01

The Latin wording on the PMC's logo reads: Falco Catervae: Alta Volare, which translates to "Falcon Company: Fly High"

He collects antique guns and prides himself on being able to restore them.

His mother is dead, but his father is still alive.

Can play the acoustic guitar quite well.

He does deal with phantom pain in his limb, which he solves with whiskey.

Borrowed most of this template from @bdfightclub thank u beloved fandom creator. HUUUUUUGE shoutout to @bihanspookies for helping with the name and also letting me always borrow Alora <3

[class-xyznotes]

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[athela-3]

mankai company: cyberpunk

I never asked for this. But that’s just how ideas work, ain't it? One minute you’re mindlessly going through the daily grind, and the next moment it hits ya like a sucker punch to the gut. Then your mind’s racing, and you think: Why not? Whaddaya have to lose? You’ve rambled your way through semi-coherent flashes of inspiration before. Why should this one be different?

Note: everyone is aged up, oh, let’s say at least five years. Also, long post is long. I’m not joking. The page break is there for a reason.

Mankai Company is a modest-sized corporation specialising in biotechnology and cybernetics. But operating beneath its public face is a semi-covert band of mercs, private eyes, and fixers called Kaga Solutions, fully-equipped to navigate the mean city streets on command. Their founder and CEO, Yukio Tachibana, has recently disappeared; as per his express wishes, the company leadership is transferred to his estranged daughter, Izumi. 

Izumi Tachibana: the new CEO, more experienced in programming than in biotech, she wants to lead Mankai in a new direction focused on augmented reality and fluid human-machine interfacing, while also investigating her father's disappearance with its covert Kaga operatives.

Isuke Matsukawa: Yukio's—and now Izumi's—personal assistant who also handles most of the day-to-day finances, a seemingly bumbling man with hidden talents. He has more connections than you'd expect, and his loyalty is bone-deep.

Yuzo Kashima: a major shareholder in the company whose investments helped Yukio jump-start his dream into reality. Initially skeptical of Izumi's direction, he slowly grows to believe in her vision, even if he's still brutally honest about many things. He's aware of Kaga and the hidden side of Mankai, and is implied to have once partaken in it more personally.

Tetsuro Iwai: the local hardware genius. If you need something built, he'll figure out how to do it in record time. He's happy to work with the old boss' daughter, even if her ideas can stretch him to his limits sometimes.

Ken Sakoda: nobody's really sure what his official job is. He's just always there, usually appearing out of nowhere to do whatever Sakyo asks him to (there's rumours of a personalised cloaking device). This ranges from coffee runs to, ah, semi-legal inventory procurement.

Kamekichi: a robot parrot Yukio personally built as a pet project. Originally a prototype for robotic therapy animals, his code gave birth to his own emergent sassy personality.

Sakuya Sakuma: head of Engineering, what he lacks in experience he makes up in talent and dedication. Has politely declined playing a more active role in Kaga's assignments, declaring his current job to already be his dream job anyhow.

Masumi Usui: a tech prodigy, a quick learner who's always keen to impress Izumi for reasons which may not be strictly professional. Built his own memory implants from scratch, and is always willing to help with Kaga if ever asked.

Tsuzuru Minagi: the top dog when it comes to programming and software. Tends to overwork himself, especially at crunch time, but he writes top-notch code that leave Mankai's competitors scratching their heads. Also helps oversee and plan Kaga's missions, especially when it comes to concocting cover stories and identities.

Itaru Chigasaki: yet another punch-clock worker whose only skills lie in testing and bugfixing… or so he'd have you believe. In reality, he's one of Kaga's most reliable operatives, using his salaryman persona to relieve suspicion and gain people's trust. By the time his targets notice the "GG EZ" hacked onto every screen, it's too late.

Citron: another Kaga operative, people see him and think he's the expat office worker who struggles to string a coherent sentence together, so they don't always pay attention to what they say around him. Big mistake. If he can't evade you in conversation, then he'll evade you the traditional way and vanish seemingly into thin air.

Chikage Utsuki: formerly Itaru's senior at their old job, who followed him to Mankai for reasons of his own. He does minor coding for them now, but his primary focus is on being a field agent for Kaga, where his charm and covert investigative skills really come into play.

Tenma Sumeragi: a former child actor, now the company's face, appearing in advertisements and endorsements. He's great at both presenting Mankai's personable, human-interest agenda and selling Kaga's sharp professionalism to potential clients.

Yuki Rurikawa: hired fresh out of university, his sharp sense of aesthetics led Izumi to trust him with practically all of their product design. Every concept has to have his seal of approval before moving to the production stage. He also handles disguises for Kaga's operations.

Muku Sakisaka: formerly slated to compete in the Olympics before an accident, he now provides another public face for Mankai alongside Tenma. He writes a good deal of the company's promotional material, and has a strong sense of what would affect their clients.

Misumi Ikaruga: officially, he tests the more physical cybernetics, such as Sakuya's impact-dampeners or Tasuku's mountain-climbing legs; his videos performing literally superhuman parkour feats often end up as promotional material. Under the table, he's Kaga's go-to operative for situations requiring speed and agility.

Kazunari Miyoshi: head of the PR department, in charge of keeping their public image in the positive while also keeping Kaga’s activities mostly out of attention. He keeps everyone in the loop with current affairs, often feeding intel to his old friend Tsuzuru for planning.

Kumon Hyodo: baseball's new rising star, he started doing sponsorship and endorsement deals after Muku and Juza introduced him to Izumi. He's enthusiastic about working with them and often helps coming up with ideas for reaching into the sports demographic.

Banri Settsu: a bio-augmentation enthusiast and grey hat hacker, he once breached Mankai's firewalls basically out of boredom; when Izumi tracked him down, she decided to offer him a job in her cybersecurity division, and he agreed. Of course, as soon as he hears about Kaga, he all but jumps into it headlong.

Juza Hyodo: wanted to be a cop as a kid; that was before the city's corrupt police force disenchanted him of the idea. His cousin Muku convinced him to work for Mankai, so he thought he'd give the corporate samurai gig a chance. His earnest dedication quickly wins him a spot on Kaga, as do his excellent combat skills.

Taichi Nanao: initially a mole from Godza, sent to tear Kaga apart from within, he went turncoat within months and is now their primary source on Godza's methods and internal affairs. He balances quick and dirty combat tactics with his boyish charm and knack at appearing harmless.

Omi Fushimi: former military, honourably discharged after a terrorist attack took out his best friend and left him heavily injured. Now he works for Mankai as head of security, with a bit of unofficial HR thrown in there. Unlike the rest of Akigumi, he isn't part of Kaga, as he believes his focus should be on keeping the company safe and secure.

Sakyo Furuichi: head of Kaga, and its oldest member still on active duty. These days he mostly sticks to mission control, but occasionally lends support on the field if he deems it necessary. His sharp mind and eye for patterns makes him particularly good at planning missions, exit strategies, and backup plans.

Azami Izumida: the son of a yakuza boss who decided to leave the family business behind to strike out on his own, he still keeps a number of his old underworld contacts. Officially an intern, he's also eager to get into fieldwork with Kaga, putting his years of swordsmanship lessons to use.

Tsumugi Tsukioka: head of biotech, his research on how cranial implants can be used to treat sleep disorders turned him—and Mankai—into a household name. He infrequently lends a hand to Kaga by developing and fine-tuning their cybernetics.

Tasuku Takato: a former member of Godza, he quit his job to work for Mankai instead, and is now a valued member of their biotech team. He specialises in developing prosthetics for their more athletic clients, and like Tsumugi, focuses on his R&D most of the time.

Hisoka Mikage: formerly working for a similar fixer/PMC group, a near-fatal neuro-implant malfunction caused him to forget everything that happened since its installation. As Mankai found him, removed the bad implant, and nursed him back to health, he thought it's just apt to repay the debt by working for them. One of Kaga's most well-rounded operatives, he is strongest in stealth and wetwork.

Homare Arisugawa: an eccentric professor to his core; his studies range from urban to agrarian, sprawling across fields and topics, but his passion project lies in developing ocular implants that can read micro-expressions on the fly, allowing its owner to identify and record people's emotional reactions easily.

Azuma Yukishiro: the face of the biotech divison, he works closely with Mankai's clients to help them find the perfect cybernetics for their personal needs. He also often gleans information and gossip from his endless well of unsuspecting acquaintances and old contacts, passing them on to Kaga for their missions.

Guy: a friend of Citron's from his homeland; extensively cybernetically augmented after a major accident years ago, he claims to be more machine than human by this point. Ostensibly Homare's research assistant, he is a field agent for Kaga, equally skilled in hacking as he is in hand-to-hand combat.

[sketchiedetails]

As much as Metal Gear Rising owes to the Metal Gear series, I think it’s also partly an expansion on Vanquish’s themes of heroism and war profiteering.

Vanquish has a very simple plot: Russian terrorists took over a space colony and are threatening the US with its weapons. In response, the US sends Marines to reclaim the colony and  DARPA loans out one of their employees Sam Gideon in an experimental Augmented Reaction Suit (ARS) to assist the Marines’ assault. It’s revealed later that the real reason Sam is there is to rescue the ARS’ creator who was on the colony and taken hostage by the terrorists.

Metal Gear Rising continues Raiden’s story after Metal Gear Solid 4 and explores how the war economy has shifted focus onto cyborg soldiers. A rival PMC outfit killed Raiden’s client and in response he spends the rest of the game dismantling their operations across the globe. The outfit shatters Raiden’s worldview, and he has to rebuild it from the ground up and accept a part of himself he’s been afraid of for most of his life.

At first glance these games’ stories don’t seem to have much in common besides a lone hero in his unique suit fighting terrorists, but both games ask what it means to be a hero on the battlefield. Sam is full of conviction for most of Vanquish but at the end of the game he questions himself if he’s any better than Burns for killing soldiers who got in his way. Raiden starts MGR with a strong belief in violence to ensure justice, but by the end he accepts his violent nature as a part of himself and admits that he enjoys the killing he gets to do as a PMC soldier.

Both games feature characters who serve as strong foils for the hero. Robert Burns is a colonel who views duty above all else to be the most important thing a soldier can do, even at the cost of his own men’s lives. Armstrong and the Desperado outfit are strong proponents for might makes right and want to apply this philosophy to every aspect of society. Burns and Jetstream Sam also have similar design concepts in that they are both the right hand men for the real people responsible for all the problems in their respective stories and it’s symbolized in their visual design as they both have augmented right arms. Burns’ arm can transform into a shielded Gatling gun, which represents his soldier background and fighting capability and Jetstream Sam’s arm sports the signature Desperado color scheme which clashes with the rest of his muscle suit.

In contrast, the other Desperado mercs are fully immersed in Armstrong’s philosophy and thus their entire suits sport the black and red motif. Sam was beaten by Armstrong and stays on the team, but like his design implies he hasn’t completely bought what Armstrong preached, which is why he grants Raiden access to his sword after losing to Raiden in a final duel.

Both games try to make the player feel like they have support in the battlefield. The Marines who assist Sam in Vanquish give the player the impression that they’re involved in a large scale military operation, and they’ll frequently get radio messages either from nearby troops, Burns, or Elena who provides remote support specifically for Sam (Small note: I find it funny that Kari Wahlgren voices support characters for both games). Being a Metal Gear game, MGR has a group of Codec contacts the player can call for advice or flavor text to help flesh out MGR’s setting. Later on, there’ll be an NPC in-game who accompanies Raiden in missions, but never in actual fights. They’re meant to scout ahead and provide information on the field. This may be inconsequential, but both games also have the hero losing their signature weapon at the end of the game only to use their rival’s weapon on the final boss.

Both games give you opportunities to be heroic in-game to reinforce the theme of heroism in their stories. Vanquish pairs Sam up with a seemingly inexhaustible pool of Marines to help him in every fight and they do draw attention away from Sam so he can dart across the map and turn the tide of battle.These Marines are fairly hardy, but they can go down if they take too much damage. Sam has the ability to revive downed Marines and in return they’ll give Sam a weapon drop. Some setpieces in Vanquish are escort quests where you have to make sure friendly vehicles get to their destinations without taking critical damage from enemy fire. In MGR, there are civilians detained by PMC soldiers that Raiden can rescue. They don’t reward you in any way and depending on how you look at it that can be seen as more altruistic because you’re going out of your way to helping that NPC without expecting an in-game reward.

Vanquish frequently shows Sam’s heroic tendencies by having him clash with Burns whenever there are soldiers in trouble. It’s stated in Sam’s bio that he was a football player in college and not in the military. This could imply that he’s more a team player than an obedient soldier. He’ll do whatever he can to help the people around him even if it goes against the operation.

Much like everything else in MGR compared to Vanquish, Raiden’s backstory and character arc are a little more complicated than Sam’s. Raiden has a background as a child soldier and the reason why he breaks off from Maverick to take on Desperado and World Marshall by himself is because they threaten the lives of several children and plan to turn them into VR-trained child soldiers just like Raiden. He initially justified his actions as a necessary evil to ensure peace, but Desperado tried to strip those justifications away either to dissuade Raiden or to turn him. What they didn’t expect was for Raiden to take that recently uncovered brutality he’s always had in him and use it against them. He hasn’t forgotten his original philosophy of protecting the weak, but he also won’t lie to himself anymore that he’s no worse than Desperado when it comes to being a killer.

An interesting quality both games share is that their writing are very much parodies of post-9/11 fearmongering, which isn’t something you’d usually expect in Japanese action games. In Vanquish, the Russian terrorists assert that US president Winters helped them with their coup d’etat and now the terrorists plan to attack the US first before the US targets them. Winters is apparently close to Burns and the real reason for the assault on the colony was so Burns could redirect the weapons to Russia and instigate another war, which according to Burns will be an “Economic Stimulus Package.” Armstrong has a similar goal in Metal Gear Rising where he plans to encourage tensions between the US and Pakistan so that the war economy can thrive and purge America’s weaker elements.

I’m not too strong on politics, but it feels like Burns and Armstrong are polar opposites in terms of ideology but they reached the same conclusion as a result of their extremism. Burns has a soldier’s mentality and thinks that duty exceeds any other obligation a person has. Russia destroying San Francisco was necessary in Burns’ mind to ensure the rest of America will thrive thanks to the coming war. Armstrong seems to be a strong proponent of the individual and thinks that the war economy will promote jobs and thin out the weaker parts of America so that every citizen will be strong enough to fight for their own ideals. He’s making “the mother of all omlettes,” and can’t be bothered over a few broken eggs.

What makes Armstrong such a compelling villain to me is that I can’t trust his rhetoric. Armstrong says he plans to use “war as a business to get elected...so [he] can end war as a business.” He also goes on a rant about the problems endemic in First World societies even though those are the means by which he’s able to maintain control. He comes off as someone so neckdeep in their bullshit that it’s impossible to take them seriously, and that makes it all the more enjoyable to kick his ass. Burns at best felt like a good foil to temper Sam’s naivete when it came to war, but his betrayal came way too late into the story to have any real impact. Armstrong could have run the same risk since he doesn’t show up physically in the story until the last chapter, but MGR gave him enough of a spotlight to really shine and be one of the most memetic video game characters in recent history, which is ironic considering MGR explores more of the meme theory material the Metal Gear series introduced in MGS2.

As he’s technically Vanquish’s final boss, I need to point out Victor Zaitsev and where his motivations compare to Burns and Armstrong. Zaitsev feels justified in attacking America because Winters was going to attack Russia now that the terrorists she secretly backed have taken control of the country. Fearing betrayal, the terrorists attacked America first. As Zaitsev says, “The betrayed have a right to retribution.” Just like Burns, his motivation is simple compared to Armstrong’s longwinded bullshit, but it’s too simple a motivation to carry Vanquish’s plot any further than it already is at that point.

I hope I’m not making Vanquish sound a lot more politically intriguing than it really is. It’s an action game first and the story is entirely skippable. Metal Gear Rising’s plot has more meat, and I feel like for the most part it answers the questions it wants to ask, which is something I think Binary Domain (another Japanese third-person cover shooter which I’m going to compare with Vanquish in another post) fails to do.

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SNB 900 radio for Agriculture SNB 900R radio for Agriculture SNM451 Connected Site Gateway SNM920 SNM940 Connected Site Gateway SNM941 Connected Site Gateway SNR900 SNR2400 On-Machine Radio Soil Information System Solar Cabinet SPS351 DGPS/Beacon Receiver SPS356 GNSS Beacon Receiver SPS361 GPS Heading Receiver SPS461 GPS Heading Receiver. Download this app from Microsoft Store for Windows 10 Mobile, Windows Phone 8.1, Windows Phone 8. See screenshots, read the latest customer reviews, and compare ratings for FM Radio.

Security vulnerability

Intel 2020.2 IPU covering Intel® CSME, SPS, TXE, AMT, ISM & DAL updates, Intel® Firmware (BIOS) updates, Intel® Processor Microcode (MCU) updates; November 2020Intel 2020.1 IPU covering Intel® CSME, SPS, TXE, AMT & DAL updates, Intel® Firmware (BIOS) updates, Intel® Processor Microcode (MCU) updates and Intel® SSD updates; June 2020Intel 2019.2 IPU Q4 TAXI (Plundervolt) covering Intel® Processor Microcode (MCU) updates via Intel® Firmware (BIOS) updates; March 2020Intel 2019.2 IPU covering Intel® CSME, SPS, TXE, AMT, SGX, TXT & TSX updates, Intel® Firmware (BIOS) updates and Intel® Processor Microcode (MCU) updates; November 2019Intel 2019.1 QSR covering Intel® CSME, SPS, TXE, & AMT updates, Intel® Firmware (UEFI) updates and Intel® Processor Microcode (MCU) updatesIntel 2018.4 QSR covering Intel® CSME, SPS, TXE, & AMT updates, Intel® Firmware (UEFI) updates and functional Intel® Processor Microcode (MCU) updatesIntel® Converged Security Management Engine (Intel® CSME) & Power Management Controller (PMC) Security Vulnerability Q2’2018 Security Release; September 2018Intel® Q3 2018 Speculative Execution Side Channel Update (L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF)); August 2018Intel Q1’18 Intel® Active Management Technology 9.x/10.x/11.x Security Review Cumulative Update; July 2018Intel Q2 Security Update on Side-Channel Analysis Method Vulnerability; May 2018Side-Channel Analysis Method (Spectre & Meltdown); January 2018Intel Q3’17 ME 11.x, SPS 4.0, and TXE 3.0 Security Review Cumulative Update; November 2017 Infineon TPM Vulnerability (ROCA); October 2017Intel Firmware vulnerability (INTEL-SA-00075); May 2017

*Only compatible with Windows Vista/7/8/10 OS (Does not operate on Mac OS)

This article includes all of the software downloads. Navigate through the tabs to select the software you need, click on the red 'Click here' link to download the program of your choice.

Device Updater

OS Requirements: Windows Vista/7/8/10

*Used to download updates for GTX, BDX, X4, Livewire, ITSX

Click hereto download the Device Updater.

Make sure all devices are unplugged during the install process.

Livelink Gen-II

OS Requirements: Windows Vista/7/8/10

*Datalogging software.

Click hereto download Livelink Gen-II.

Make sure all devices are unplugged during the install process.

Advantage III

OS Requirements: Windows Vista/7/8/10

Click hereto download Advantage III.

Download Atti Base Radio Device Driver Win 7

Make sure all devices are unplugged during the install process.

Drivers

Windows 32bit drivers click here.

Windows 64bit drivers click here.

Install Instructions

If you installed the SCT device updater before you plugged the device in then this should be easy to fix.

With your device connected:

Open your computers Device Manager.

Look for a device that is not installed like one with a yellow exclamation mark. (Here is a screenshot of what you are looking for.)

If you see this, right click it and select update driver.

A new window should open up and give you the option to either automatically search, or browse for files.

Click browse for files

Navigate to the folder you downloaded, and select “Open”.

If you did this correctly, it’ll tell you your drivers have successfully been updated and once you click “OK” you should see something similar to the picture below.

Now your communication should work between the device and the computer. With most devices, you will want to unplug it and plug it back in and restart the device updater. Then click “Display Device Settings and Serial” and if the serial number shows up, it is communicating.

Update Agent for GT's

Download Atti Base Radio Device Drivers

How do I update my Bully Dog GT Tuner?

Basic Steps to Update a GT Tuner

1. Run the Update Agent.

2. Connect the Micro SD card to your computer.

3. Choose the vehicle application and let the Agent search.

4. Click the Update button.

5. When the Update is finished, put the Micro SD card in the GT.

6. Update the GT Platinum from the SD card by choosing Update GT Software, or Update GT Firmware on the Main Menu. (option will be all the way at the bottom of the main menu.)

Detailed Steps to Update a GT Tuner

Where do I Find the Bully Dog Light Duty Update Agent for a Bully Dog Gauge GT Tuner?

To install the Bully Dog Light Duty Update Agent please open the following link. Then open and run the file.

Open the update agent. Note: the tune will need to be uninstalled from your vehicle to update. You can check the vehicle is stock by going to show settings, the status will read “installed” or “not installed”

Connect the SD with either the card reader or the GT itself and the USB cable

Highlight the card in the update agent, and select “select device”

4. Select your device (40417, 40420, etc.) then select “download and upgrade”

5. Wait for the download to finish, you will see this message.

6. Select ok, then with the sd card in the device, go to change vehicle at the top of the menu, if it is the first time updating, and select your vehicle. Or go to update software at the bottom of the main menu to update with the latest files.

Download Atti Base Radio Device Driver Updater

[yourjuhyunghan]

JGI Genome Insider Genome Insider S2 Episode 3: Better Living Through Bioenergy, Bloomberg Bitcoin record, Cryptocurrencies Bitcoin Power Consumption Jumped 66-Fold Since 2015, Citi Says, Genome Insider Exploring the Diversity of the American Prairie’s Switchgrass, oriental medicine, transcriptomics microbiomics

JGI Genome Insider Genome Insider S2 Episode 3: Better Living Through Bioenergy, Bloomberg Bitcoin record, Cryptocurrencies Bitcoin Power Consumption Jumped 66-Fold Since 2015, Citi Says, Genome Insider Exploring the Diversity of the American Prairie’s Switchgrass, oriental medicine, transcriptomics microbiomics

https://blog.naver.com/artnouveau19/222310281331 https://podcasts.apple.com/kr/podcast/genome-insider-s2-episode-3-better-living-through-bioenergy/id1497037638?i=1000517064735&l=en https://podcasts.apple.com/kr/podcast/genome-insider/id1497037638?l=en&i=1000507796948

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-13/bitcoin-power-consumption-jumped-66-fold-since-2015-citi-says?cmpid=socialflow-twitter-business&utm_medium=social&utm_content=business&utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=socialflow-organic

Genome Insider S2 Episode 3: Better Living Through Bioenergy

Genome Insider Life Sciences https://podcasts.apple.com/kr/podcast/genome-insider-s2-episode-3-better-living-through-bioenergy/id1497037638?i=1000517064735&l=en

Biofuels and bioproducts are a way to kick our addiction to fossil fuels. In this episode, we get a peek into how scientists Aindrila Mukhopadhyay and Steve Singer are harnessing the versatile bacterium Pseudomonas putida to break down biomass and help bring about a more sustainable, bio-based economy. They conduct research at the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), a JGI partner and one of the four US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Centers. Find more info on this episode, including the transcript, at https://jgi.doe.gov/genome-insider-s2ep3-better-living-through-bioenergy/

Bloomberg

@business

·

Apr 13

China trade surges, more U.S. inflation data is out, and Bitcoin hits record high. Here's what is moving markets https://bloom.bg/3diICUh

https://twitter.com/business/status/1381959810766282756

Bitcoin record 

Bitcoin jumped to an all-time high above $63,000 this morning as cryptocurrency bulls are out in force. While advocates of the digital asset have been pushing for its integration for years, recent moves by major Wall Street banks to allow clients to access crypto investments have helped recent moves higher. The fast-growing digital currency exchange Coinbase Global Inc. is expected to go public tomorrow with a $100 billion valuation.  Bloomberg

@business

·

10h

#Bitcoin

 mining is consuming 66 times more electricity than it did back in late 2015, according to a Citigroup report https://trib.al/Kx4CyOC https://twitter.com/business/status/1382167741931646976 Cryptocurrencies

Bitcoin Power Consumption Jumped 66-Fold Since 2015, Citi Says

By Josh Saul

April 14, 2021, 6:59 AM GMT+9 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-13/bitcoin-power-consumption-jumped-66-fold-since-2015-citi-says?cmpid=socialflow-twitter-business&utm_medium=social&utm_content=business&utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=socialflow-organic

Exploring the Diversity of the American Prairie’s Switchgrass

Genome Insider Life Sciences

https://podcasts.apple.com/kr/podcast/genome-insider/id1497037638?l=en&i=1000507796948 A tall native plant of the North American prairie, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has long been a tantalizing potential biofuel feedstock. But switchgrass has a complex genome and, as a species, encompasses dizzying diversity. So, a team of scientists made an ambitious plan to link the plant’s diverse traits — height, biomass, hardiness to cold, etc. — to its genes. The undertaking took shovels, trucks — and more than a decade. With the results just published in the journal Nature, listen to the episode for a romp through their switchgrass story. Find more info on this episode, including the transcript, at https://jgi.doe.gov/genome-insider-s2ep1-exploring-diversity-of-american-prairie-switchgrass/. Transcriptomics

Transcriptomics is the study of the transcriptome—the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell—using high-throughput methods, such as microarray analysis. Comparison of transcriptomes allows the identification of genes that are differentially expressed in distinct cell populations, or in response to different treatments. https://www.nature.com/subjects/transcriptomics Transcriptomics technologies Transcriptomics technologies are the techniques used to study an organism's transcriptome, the sum of all of its RNA transcripts. The information content of an organism is recorded in the DNA of its genome and expressed through transcription. Here, mRNA serves as a transient intermediary molecule in the information network, whilst non-coding RNAs perform additional diverse functions. A transcriptome captures a snapshot in time of the total transcripts present in a cell. Transcriptomics technologies provide a broad account of which cellular processes are active and which are dormant. A major challenge in molecular biology lies in understanding how the same genome can give rise to different cell types and how gene expression is regulated.

The first attempts to study whole transcriptomes began in the early 1990s. Subsequent technological advances since the late 1990s have repeatedly transformed the field, and made transcriptomics a widespread discipline in biological sciences. There are two key contemporary techniques in the field: microarrays, which quantify a set of predetermined sequences, and RNA-Seq, which uses high-throughput sequencing to record all transcripts. As the technology improved, the volume of data produced by each transcriptome experiment increased. As a result, data analysis methods have steadily been adapted to more accurately and efficiently analyse increasingly large volumes of data. Transcriptome databases have grown and increased in utility as more transcriptomes are collected and shared by researchers. It would be almost impossible to interpret the information contained in a transcriptome without the context of previous experiments.

Measuring the expression of an organism's genes in different tissues or conditions, or at different times, gives information on how genes are regulated and reveal details of an organism's biology. It can also be used to infer the functions of previously unannotated genes. Transcriptome analysis has enabled the study of how gene expression changes in different organisms and has been instrumental in the understanding of human disease. An analysis of gene expression in its entirety allows detection of broad coordinated trends which cannot be discerned by more targeted assays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptomics_technologies [edit]

Summary of SAGE. Within the organisms, genes are transcribed and spliced (in eukaryotes) to produce mature mRNA transcripts (red). The mRNA is extracted from the organism, and reverse transcriptase is used to copy the mRNA into stable double-stranded–cDNA (ds-cDNA; blue). In SAGE, the ds-cDNA is digested by restriction enzymes (at location ‘X’ and ‘X’+11) to produce 11-nucleotide "tag" fragments. These tags are concatenated and sequenced using long-read Sanger sequencing (different shades of blue indicate tags from different genes). The sequences are deconvoluted to find the frequency of each tag. The tag frequency can be used to report on transcription of the gene that the tag came from.[51]

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was a development of EST methodology to increase the throughput of the tags generated and allow some quantitation of transcript abundance.[21] cDNA is generated from the RNA but is then digested into 11 bp "tag" fragments using restriction enzymes that cut DNA at a specific sequence, and 11 base pairs along from that sequence. These cDNA tags are then joined head-to-tail into long strands (>500 bp) and sequenced using low-throughput, but long read-length methods such as Sanger sequencing. The sequences are then divided back into their original 11 bp tags using computer software in a process called deconvolution.[21] If a reference genome is available, these tags may be matched to their corresponding gene in the genome. If a reference genome is unavailable, the tags can be directly used as diagnostic markers if found to be differentially expressed in a disease state.[21]

The cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) method is a variant of SAGE that sequences tags from the 5’ end of an mRNA transcript only.[52] Therefore, the transcriptional start site of genes can be identified when the tags are aligned to a reference genome. Identifying gene start sites is of use for promoter analysis and for the cloning of full-length cDNAs.

SAGE and CAGE methods produce information on more genes than was possible when sequencing single ESTs, but sample preparation and data analysis are typically more labour-intensive.

Indian J Microbiol. 2010 Mar; 50(1): 109–112.

Published online 2010 Apr 29. doi: 10.1007/s12088-010-0034-9

PMCID: PMC3450280

PMID: 23100817

Human microbiomics

J. Rajendhran and P. Gunasekaran

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Abstract

The sequencing of the human genome has driven the study of human biology in a significant way and enabled the genome-wide study to elucidate the molecular basis of complex human diseases. Recently, the role of microbiota on human physiology and health has received much attention. The influence of gut microbiome (the collective genomes of the gut microbiota) in obesity has been demonstrated, which may pave the way for new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies such as bacteriotherapy. The significance and recent understandings in the area of “human microbiomics” are discussed here.

Keywords: Human microbiome, Metagenomics, Microbial diversity, 16S rRNA, Obesity, Bacteriotherapy https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3450280/

[healthboundcompany]

What You Need to Know About Laser Therapy?

With regards to Laser Therapy it is protected to say that the vast majority have known about Cold Laser Therapy. In any case, if you somehow managed to ask those individuals what Cold Laser Therapy is, the vast majority of them would have various answers. What one individual calls Cold Laser, another may call Deep Tissue, or Light Therapy; or, what somebody characterizes LLLT as may really be LED, or Infrared, and the rundown of befuddling the phrasing goes on.

Indeed, even suppliers of Laser Therapy utilize distinctive phrasing conversely, prompting disarray for the customer. Realize that every one of these treatments are interesting in their own specific manner. Also, we desire to assist you with having a superior comprehension of what you need to know with regards to Laser Therapies.

From Confusion to Clarification

You can look no farther than the clinical local area and Laser Therapy industry for why this stream down impact of erroneous names and error has happened in any case and exists right up 'til today. How about we simply say, they made them get up to speed to do with the impelled headways the business was making.

New logical data and forefront innovation has been extending at a particularly quick rate, over a brief timeframe outline, inside the Laser Therapy world, that it made a pass in building up normalization of the phrasing and arrangements for these various treatments. Cold Laser (otherwise known as Low Level Laser Therapy, LLLT) turned into a sweeping term that was advertised vigorously and gotten on out of control. This might be amazing for individuals, yet today Cold Laser is not, at this point considered the crème de la crème of Laser Therapies; it's presently taken a gander at as being obsolete and not as successful as the most recent innovation. Along these lines, utilizing this as a sweeping term has been a shamefulness to the better quality, more elevated level, better performing and more grounded Laser Therapies available. Indeed, even the clinical local area was considering the to be of normalization as an issue. This is the reason in September of 2014 the North American Association for Light Therapy and the World Association for Laser Therapy met up to talk about and build up normalization.

Their endeavors were effective in light of the fact that, in 2016, the term Photobiomodulation Therapy was added to the MeSH data set, which is important for the National Library of Medicine. As expressed in a NCBI - PMC article for the US National Library of Medicine, "This recognizes Photobiomodulation Therapy, and will probably altogether affect the wellbeing and guidelines of business items explicitly advertised for this utilization. Widespread acknowledgment and utilization of this new wording won't just recognize this current application's uniqueness among different types of phototherapy, however will likewise advance better association of the writing and future examinations pointed explicitly at this therapy."

The Breakdown of Common PBM Therapies

What precisely is PBM? Photobiomodulation Therapy, PBM Therapy for short, is characterized by the NCBI-PMC in an article for the US National Library of Medicine as "a type of light therapy that uses non-ionizing types of light sources, including lasers, LEDs, and broadband light, in the noticeable and infrared range. It is a nonthermal cycle including endogenous chromophores evoking photophysical and photochemical occasions at different organic scales. This interaction brings about advantageous helpful results including however not restricted to the easing of agony or irritation, immunomodulation, and advancement of wound mending and tissue recovery."

There are numerous sorts of PBM Therapies, however the most well-known and front line ones are what you need to think about. Note that all therapy lasers are photobiomodulation lasers that have a goal of invigorating tissue through the utilization and use of light.

All in all, what are the likenesses and contrasts in a portion of these light treatments?

Cold Laser Therapy (otherwise known as Low Level Laser Therapy, LLLT, Soft Laser, LPLT)

This sort of PBM Therapy uses illumination with low-power, escalated lights. These lights invigorate the tissue and trigger harmed cells to recover. Class 2 and 3 lasers are Cold Lasers that don't have sufficient ability to make substantial warmth on the skin. Cold lasers can be utilized to decrease torment, aggravation, minor throbs, torments, shallow skin revival, injuries and help recuperating of joints and tissues.

Profound Tissue Laser Therapy

Class IV therapy lasers are for Deep Tissue Therapy. These are more powerful lasers with a higher wattage than what is utilized in Cold Laser Therapy. These variables permit the laser to venture further into the tissue and give a quicker treatment time. Profound Tissue Laser Therapy quickens your body's own regular recuperating measure through photograph bio-incitement. It tends to be utilized to treat numerous conditions, from shallow, profound tissue, intense, ongoing conditions and that's just the beginning. Like Cold Laser Therapy, Deep Tissue Laser Therapy lessens agony and aggravation and quickens recuperating.

If you have any query then visit our Healthbound clinic.

[thetejasamale]

Covid-19 On Pulp & Paper Chemicals Market: Size, Share, Trends, Demand, Key Player profile and Regional Outlook by 2023

Competitive Analysis

Some of the key players in the global pulp & paper chemicals are BASF SE (Germany), Kemira (Finland), Ashland (US), Clariant (Switzerland), Ecolab (US), Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd (Japan), Harima Chemicals Group, Inc. (Japan), Applied Chemicals International Group (Switzerland), Solenis (US), and SEIKO PMC CORPORATION (Japan)

Access Full Report Details @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/pulp-paper-chemicals-market-6932

Market Segmentation

The global pulp & paper chemicals market has been segmented by type, application, and region. On the basis of type, the market has been segmented into specialty additives, pulping chemicals, bleaching & deinking chemicals, fillers & coatings, polymers and others. Specialty additives segment accounted for the largest market share in the global pulp & paper chemicals market in 2017 and is expected to register a highest CAGR during the review period. Though, the market value share of special additives will be on top, in terms of volume the market share of specialty additives will be on the lower end due to the high pricing of the specialty additives. The specialty additives help in improving the properties of recycled and raw paper such as strength, gloss, brightness and opacity and other properties whilst maintaining the operational efficiency of the equipment used in the paper and pulp industry. With the developed economies emphasizing more on use of recycled paper, it is essential to retain the strength of fibers, glossiness, and brightness of paper which can be achieved using the specialty additives.

Based on applications, the market has been segmented into pulp, paperboard and tissue, printing & writing, and general purpose. Paper board & tissue segment accounted for the largest market share in the global market owing to the increasing demand for lightweight packaging materials among the various end-use industries such as FMCG, pharmaceuticals, and food & beverages. With the increasing scrutiny on non-biodegradable packaging materials, the end-use industries are focusing on bio based and biodegradable packaging materials which is expected to drive the demand for pulp and paper treatment chemicals. The pulp segment is expected to trail paperboard and tissue application during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

Based on region, the global pulp & paper chemicals market has been segregated into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

The market in Asia-Pacific was the largest in 2017 due to a flourishing packaging industry and presence of large number of end-use industries in developing nations such as India and China. The growth of print media, especially, in India is expected to further drive the demand for pulp and paper processing chemicals in the region. In addition, the flourishing e-commerce in the Asia-Pacific market is expected to further augment the demand during the forecast period.

North America is the second-largest market for pulp & paper chemicals owing to the increasing demand paperboard in packaging applications. The European market for pulp & paper chemicals is expected to grow as a result of rising demand from the Eastern European countries and increasing use of recycled paper. The market in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are expected to exhibit considerable growth during the review period due to expanding paper industry in the regions.

Get a Free Sample Now@ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/6932

NOTE: Our team of researchers are studying Covid19 and its impact on various industry verticals and wherever required we will be considering covid19 footprints for a better analysis of markets and industries. Cordially get in touch for more details.

COVID-19 Study in Detail:

COVID-19 Impact Analysis on Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Market

COVID-19 Impact on 3D Printing Materials Market

COVID-19 Outbreak Impact on Carbon black Market

[ligadosnatelinha]

Six Digital Transformation Trends in the Healthcare Industry

six digital transformation trends in the healthcare industry - Homemade medicine  

six digital transformation trends in the healthcare industry

  Digital transformation not only sees the implementation of mind blowingly new technology and devices but a strong focus on the processes and procedures that form part of the digital eco system and this is where a lot of the cost and time saving benefits really stem from. It’s a strategic operation of surrounding facets around digital technological integration such as operational agility, workforce enablement, culture and leadership and customer experience that is designed to benefit business and other organisations and that is driven by patients and healthcare workers alike.

Telemedicine as a digital transformation in healthcare

As medicine and the care of one’s health becomes more self sufficient and self directed, telemedicine has an instrumental role, especially as it’s driven by faster, more reliable internet and wireless LAN. (http://www.vertel.com.au/mobile-networks/wireless-lan)

Technology and quality internet services make being remotely diagnosed and treated much more available and accessible for patients, particularly those who live in remote or rural areas or are ageing or too unwell to transport themselves to medical facilities. The time this will save for both patients and health professionals as well as the cost of getting to and from facilities, is going to make a significant difference in the quality of peoples’ lives. This can mean the difference in immediate decisions and critical care whilst a patient is suffering a medical emergency, such as a heart attack or stroke.

‘Remote patient monitoring through mobile technology can reduce the need for outpatient visits and enable remote prescription verification and drug administration oversight, potentially significantly reducing the overall cost of medical care…’ [i] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemedicine)

‘Generally, the benefits [of telemedicine] include reductions in use of service: hospital admissions/re-admissions, length of hospital stay, and emergency department visits typically declined. It is important that there often were reductions in mortality,’ was noted in a recent study. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148063)

Cloud storage in medical facilities

Cloud technology is not only crucial in leveraging the incredible volumes of data that exists (and will grow) but will see far more integration and interaction between varying departments, so healthcare will become streamlined and cohesive so digital initiatives can be undertaken in a much quicker and cheaper way.

It also reduces a great deal of paperwork and manual data entry, filing and record keeping, which is not just time consuming but can eat up a lot of physical space, as was the case with Bendigo Health who ‘… is also anticipating saving millions of dollars currently spent on physical storage and retrieval services as a result of having a centralised digitised information store.’ (https://news.microsoft.com/en-au/features/digital-transformation-healthcare-building-hospital-cloud-microsoft/)

It also greatly increases transparency, not just to the staff but to the patient as well and has enhanced security. This is why WLAN has played such a pivotal role in the healthcare industry previously and will continue to do so as it supports these progressive capabilities.

Bedside robots

Within the next two years, we’re going to see a fifty per cent increase in the use of robotics throughout the healthcare system. They will be undertaking automated tasks such as dispensing medication, supplies and food throughout facilities which is predicted to save the tax payers in the US up to $1 billion per year (https://www.i-scoop.eu/digital-transformation/healthcare-industry/#Mobility_from_home_and_remote_care_to_mobile_and_wireless_health), which make the efficiency and requirement for such robotics undeniable.

Wearables for health

In the US alone, it’s supposed that up to forty per cent more organisations will implement the use of wearable tech— such as bio sensors, smart eyewear, hearing aids, chest straps, trackers worn on ears, arms and wrists, smart watches and footwear and implantables— in medical related areas. Australia will not be far behind, since we emulate such trends.

This kind of technology is also starting to have non quantitative, yet positive, effects such as empowering people in their own health management and striving for healthier lifestyles.

Artificial intelligence in hospitals

Artificial intelligence (AI) will drive solutions to dramatically increase speed of retrieval, interpretation and accuracy of data, particularly image related data, such as radiology and X-ray images etc.

AI ‘…can identify at-risk populations and allow healthcare providers to tailor treatments accordingly,’ for example, reducing pathology tests which up to fourteen per cent are deemed unnecessary. (https://healthaxrnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/20624_HBR_Briefing20Paper_Microsoft_Health_5.pdf)

Incredibly, advancements in AI technology is said to predict which patients have an eighty per cent changes of requiring hospitalisation within the following month. [ii] It’s even reported that the use of AI for such functions could save up to thirty per cent of clinicians’ time. (hyperlink https://www.i-scoop.eu/digital-transformation/healthcare-industry/#Mobility_from_home_and_remote_care_to_mobile_and_wireless_health)

Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare

We can expect to see more efficient and reliable healthcare offerings going forward, particularly with the rapid adoption and assimilation of the Internet of Things (IoT). Some of the huge international tech players are investing millions to ensure these areas are booming and meet the demands of the market. For example, IBM have invested USD$3 billion into their IoT department, which means we will see revolutionary devices and items hit the healthcare system to improve treatment, diagnoses and health and wellbeing.

Suffice to say, without suffice wireless systems in place none of these revolutionary advancements will stand up to their expectations.

[i] Saylor, Michael (2012). The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything. Perseus Books/Vanguard Press. p. 153.

[ii] Embracing the Change Mandate: The 2020 Digital Transformation Agenda for Australia’s Health Care Sector, page 4

  Similar content: six digital transformation trends in the healthcare industry: 10 COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT PARKINSON’S DISEASE HAIR CARE TIPS FOR BEAUTIFUL HAIR 11 NATURAL REMEDIES TO STOP THE COLD AND FLU

[reidaboutsex]

Thank you, @cazkilljoy, for this post! Pls read it. #Repost @cazkilljoy with @get_repost ・・・ This is a screenshot of an Insta post made by panic.panties that's going around. It says "Vaginas have the same PH (sic) level as wine." On top of the original image I have written "Please stop sharing this. It is FALSE." . Now for a little lesson about the pH of wine and vaginas. . Healthy vaginal pH is 3.8 to 4.5. . Vintners (winemakers) of white wine aim for a pH of 3.0 to 3.4, while vintners of red wine aim for a pH of 3.3 to 3.6. . While 0.2 difference might not seem like a lot, it is a great deal of difference when it comes to acidity. So at its most extreme, the difference of 1.5 in pH is enormous. . How do I know this? I know about vaginal pH from being the patient of a very good urogynecologist who has been helping me with my own levels of pH, which are drastically off. And I know about the wine due to two factors: trying to increase my own pH by seeking out less acidic food and drinks, but also from years spent as a bartender. . But don't take it just from me; I've got sources to back me up. . A good, reliable explanation of wine acidity and pH can be found here: https://www.winemag.com/2019/06/19/what-is-acidity-in-wine/ . A reliable source for healthy vaginal pH is here: https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw6026 . However, it's worth noting that researchers, such as those at the Vaginal Microbiome Consortium (http://vmc.vcu.edu/) at Virginia Commonwealth University, have found that there are differences in the average pH of human vaginas that seem to be based upon racioethnic ancestry. Here's just one study that has explored this: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4178329/ . You can find the links to my sources at the link in my bio. #SexNerd #CheckYourFacts #AboveAllDoNotDoucheWithWine https://www.instagram.com/p/B7sq547hVBP/?igshid=1pv9o4ozpyftu

[antirapecoalition]

"Biological sex is a social construct"

Sure, okay, we can deconstruct that loaded saying.

Social constructs, like language and gender, are exactly what the name says: they are constructed socially, by people, and are enforced by society at large.

Biological sex as a social construct can be dissected through how society treats biological sex. For females, the social construction of language affects us heavily by how our bodies are defined. Our genitals are referred to as words that are often connected to and associated with negativity: “pussy,” associated with being weak or afraid; “cunt,” associated with a person who is rude, mean, ignorant; “hole,” associated with the void, nothingness, something to be filled.

Society also assigns, often pressures, and sometimes forces people with a certain bio sex tasks and labor to perform, whether they like it or not.

And sure, when we get down to the brass tacks of medicine and bio science, we can definitely take note of people who don’t neatly fit into what we as a society consider to be biological sex, whether male or female. Like me for instance! I have PCOS. I do not produce enough estrogen, and have to take hormones in order to menstruate regularly (notice I didn’t say “at all.” I can menstruate, but not regularly on a monthly cycle, because of PCOS). Does that makes me less female, or something other than female? It does not. I have a vulva, a vagina, a uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, ova…these organs and body parts are what society and science define as part of the female sex. Because I have them, that makes me female. I wasn’t “assigned” the female sex, I HAVE it. The only thing I was assigned by society was gender roles, which I have mostly rejected throughout my life. Thus, some people may label me Gender Non-Conforming.

“But people say bio sex is also defined by chromosomes! Most people don’t ever get their chromosomes checked! So if a cis woman checks hers and doesn’t have XX chromosomes, does that make her NOT a cis woman!? No! That’s her identity! So biological sex is a social construct!”

A configuration of chromosomes that differ from XX and XY doesn’t mean that biological sex is a social construct, nor is it proof that human sex (as a REPRODUCTIVE CATEGORY, NOT AN “IDENTITY”) isn’t binary. Just because someone is born without legs doesn’t mean humans aren’t bipedal. “But intersex people are proof!!!” No, they aren’t, and intersex people and organizations have asked for you not to use them as an example in these types of debates. “But my identity!!” You can identify as whatever you want at this point, but don’t expect me to apply your magical thinking to the reality of the situation. When we want eggs, we get hens, not roosters. When we want milk, we get cows, not bulls. When we want to reproduce and bear children with someone, you KNOW that person has to be female, has to have a functioning female reproductive system, whether you call them afab, femmes, women, or females, to carry the fetus to term IN THEIR OWN BODIES. Biological sex can be altered with surgery and hormones, but that doesn’t make it a social construct. Disorders of sexual development aren’t a “gotcha!” to the reality of biological sex. Calling someone’s genitals something other than what they are doesn’t make biological sex a social construct. Why is it so bad to acknowledge the existence of and biological differences between female and male bodies? Adding some sources, some written by intersex people and some about health: https://oii.org.au/13651/isgd-and-the-appropriation-of-intersex/ http://www.isna.org/faq/ https://medium.com/@JonahMix/playing-the-intersex-card-3d95bb29ea16 http://no-concept-of-you.tumblr.com/post/159110477647/debunking-the-intersex-argument https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3388783/ https://sexandgenderintro.com/

[gethealthy18-blog]

How To Prevent Stretch Marks -10 Best Ways

New Post has been published on http://healingawerness.com/getting-healthy/getting-healthy-women/how-to-prevent-stretch-marks-10-best-ways/

How To Prevent Stretch Marks -10 Best Ways

Data suggests that around 90% of pregnant women, 70% of adolescent females, and 40% of adolescent males (those who actively participate in sports) develop stretch marks (1).

Stretch marks are formed when your skin is stretched beyond its limits. While there is no way to escape them, there are ways to make your skin resilient to prevent stretch marks or reduce their intensity. This article discusses ways to help prevent stretch marks and reduce their appearance.

Table Of Contents

How To Prevent Stretch Marks: 10 Tips To Follow

You can develop stretch marks at any point in your life. If you are at risk of developing stretch marks (we have discussed the risk factors later in the article), here are a few things you can do to reduce the risk:

1. Moisturize Your Skin

Proper moisturization improves the elasticity of your skin. It is assumed that moisturization may help reduce the impact of stretch marks and even prevent them.

A study done on pregnant women found that the application of moisturizers reduced the severity of the stretch marks. The study noted that moisturizers (like oils and vitamin E) were used in the ointment. The ingredients may or may not have any add-on effects (2).

2. Up Your Intake of Vitamin D

A study found that low levels of vitamin D in human serum increased the risk of developing stretch marks (3). However, the study is inconclusive, and more research is needed in this regard.

You may try to include more vitamin D-rich foods in your diet. Make sure you consult a doctor.

3. Manage Your Weight

Maintaining a healthy weight is key to prevent stretch marks. When you gain weight quickly, your skin is stretched rapidly, and this often causes stretch marks. You may also notice stretch marks after you lose weight quickly. Bodybuilders, adolescents experiencing a growth spurt, and pregnant women may experience quick weight gain and loss.

If you want to prevent stretch marks, it is crucial that you gain or lose weight gradually (if you are trying to gain or lose weight), giving your skin a chance to recover. Also, if you are pregnant, try to maintain a healthy weight. Consult a doctor to understand the ideal weight for you.

4. Drink Plenty Of Water

Staying hydrated is crucial to reduce your risk of developing stretch marks. On average, you need close to 2 liters (64 fluid ounces) of water. This measurement may vary depending on the hydration needs of your body. If you are pregnant, consult a doctor to know the right amount of water intake for you.

5. Avoid Corticosteroids

Corticosteroid use and abuse (oral and topical) are linked to stretch marks (2). Bodybuilders often take steroids to expand tissues and build muscles, which may stretch the skin and leave marks.

Corticosteroids are used for health conditions, such as asthma, eczema, Crohn’s disease, colitis, etc. If you are taking corticosteroids, consult your doctor for ways to prevent stretch marks.

6. Follow A Balanced Diet

It has multifaceted benefits. Following a healthy diet can help you maintain your weight. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables (containing high water content) helps to maintain the hydration levels in your body. Moreover, the nutrients and vitamins in foods can help keep your skin healthy. All these factors may help in preventing stretch marks.

7. Exercise Regularly

Staying active helps you maintain healthy body weight. Also, exercising under the supervision of an instructor can help you build muscle strength gradually, without stressing your skin. This may help prevent stretch marks.

8. Use Sunscreen

Sun rays can damage the collagen fibers in your skin (4). Collagen supplements (along with elastin) keeps the skin tight and elastic. While using sunscreen may not improve the appearance of stretch marks, it can protect your skin from UV rays and prevent further risk of developing stretch marks.

9. Avoid Smoking

Exposure to tobacco smoke causes elastin breakdown (5). Smoking can deteriorate lung function and affect skin elasticity. It also makes you prone to developing stretch marks.

10. Treat Early Stretch Marks

Fresh stretch marks (or red stretch marks) are easier to treat than old or white stretch marks. Prompt action may not make them vanish but can reduce their appearance to a great extent.

These are the preventive measures you can take. However, if you develop stretch marks, treating them in the early stages can improve their appearance. Here are the treatment options you can consider.

Treatments To Reduce The Appearance Of Stretch Marks

1. Laser Therapy

Several studies found that laser therapy could help improve the appearance of stretch marks. A non-ablative1540-nm fractional laser was found to improve the appearance of stretch marks by 1% to 24%. A 1064-nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser was found to be beneficial in improving red stretch marks (2).

2. Microneedling

Microneedling is another effective way of improving the appearance of early and late stretch marks (6). A study showed that microneedling with topical ascorbic acid (vitamin C) could help in improving the appearance of stretch marks, and 85.8% of the patients studied were satisfied or very satisfied with the results (7).

3. PRP Injections

According to a study, PRP (platelet-rich plasma) injections were effective in improving the appearance of stretch marks (8). The plasma is derived from the blood of the patient and triggers healing (by boosting collagen and elastin production) in the target area.

4. Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion involves removing the top layer of your skin with a small handheld device. This helps to renew skin texture and tone. Studies have found that microdermabrasion could help improve the appearance of stretch marks (2).

5. Retinoid Ointments (Tretinoin)

Tretinoin is beneficial in improving the appearance of early stretch marks. In a randomized, open trial, researchers found that 0.05% tretinoin cream helped reduce the severity of the red stretch marks (2).

6. Glycolic Acid

This alpha hydroxy acid can be beneficial in improving the appearance of stretch marks when used in a higher percentage. A study found that 70% glycolic acid improved the appearance of stretch marks after six months of continuous use (9).

These tips can help prevent stretch marks. They also help prevent early stretch marks from turning severe. While all of us can develop stretch marks, there are a few among us who are more likely to develop them. Being aware of the risk factors can help you stay prepared.

Stretch Marks: Pregnancy And Other Risk Factors

Factors that make you vulnerable to stretch marks are:

1. Pregnancy

This is the most common factor that makes a woman vulnerable to stretch marks. When you are pregnant, not only your body but your skin tissues also undergo changes. As your body starts to make room for the growing fetus, you develop stretch marks.

Usually, stretch marks start appearing during the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy, and 50% to 90% of pregnant women develop them (10). These marks may appear on the abdomen, thighs, and breasts.

2. Genetics

If you have a family history of stretch marks, it is likely that you will develop them too.

3. Quick Weight Loss/Gain

If you tend to gain or lose weight quickly, the constant stretching and tugging can give rise to stretch marks. If you are overweight and trying to lose weight, or you are underweight and trying to gain weight, do it gradually.

4. Steroid Medications

Using corticosteroids for a long time can cause the development of stretch marks. Steroid medicines lower the collagen levels in your skin. As a result, your skin may not be able to stretch itself, and you develop stretch marks (11).

5. Breast Augmentation

If you have undergone surgery or are taking pills to increase the size of your breasts, you may develop stretch marks as your skin has to stretch itself to accommodate the fat transfer or implants.

6. Health Conditions

Some health conditions like Marfan Syndrome and Cushing’s Disease can also cause stretch marks (12), (13).

Stretch marks usually fade on their own or become less noticeable with time. It depends on the rate at which your skin recovers.

Most of us are not comfortable flaunting our stretch marks and prefer hiding them. These lines are a reminder of how our body has grown and changed throughout our lives. Be comfortable in your own skin and appreciate the struggle it has gone through. Talk to a doctor to identify the method best suited for your case.

Expert’s Answers For Readers’ Questions

Can you prevent stretch marks during pregnancy?

It depends on how you take care of your skin and how it responds. Stretch marks are inevitable, but they may become less noticeable with proper care and treatment.

Can coconut oil prevent stretch marks?

Coconut oil can keep the skin moisturized and improve its elasticity so that even if it stretches, the marks are less apparent. However, it cannot prevent stretch marks.

What is the best product to prevent stretch marks during pregnancy?

You may use Bio-Oil or consult your doctor for product suggestions.

Do stretch marks ever really go away?

No, they never go away. They fade with time or treatment.

13 sources

Stylecraze has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Evaluation of Various Therapeutic Measures in Striae Rubra. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924406/

Management of stretch marks (with a focus on striae rubrae). Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5782435/

Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Striae Distensae: A Case-Referent Study, Dermatology Research and Practice, Hindawi. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/drp/2015/640482/

Collagen Alterations In Chronically Sun-Damaged Human Skin, Photochemistry and Photobiology, Wiley Online Library, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb04981.x

Loss of skin elasticity is associated with pulmonary emphysema, biomarkers of inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase activity in smokers, Respiratory Research, BioMed Central. https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-019-1098-7

Treatment of striae distensae using needling therapy: a pilot study. Dermatologic Surgery, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22913429-treatment-of-striae-distensae-using-needling-therapy-a-pilot-study/

Calcium Hydroxylapatite Combined with Microneedling and Ascorbic Acid is Effective for Treating Stretch Marks. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640351/

Striae Distensae Treatment Review and Update. Indian Dermatology Online Journal, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6615396/

A Superficial Texture Analysis of 70% Glycolic Acid Topical Therapy and Striae Distensae, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons. https://journals.lww.com/plasreconsurg/FullText/2012/03000/A_Superficial_Texture_Analysis_of_70__Glycolic.81.aspx

The use of anti stretch marks’ products by women in pregnancy: a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, BioMed Central. https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-016-1075-9

Extensive Striae Distensae as a Result of Topical Corticosteroid Therapy in Psoriasis Vulgaris, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/download/10.1080/00015550310002747/

Histopathology Of Striae Distensae, With Special Reference To Striae And Wound Healing In The Marfan Syndrome, The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. https://www.jidonline.org/article/S0022-202X(15)47085-X/pdf

Cushing’s Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation, American Family Physician. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0901/p1119.html

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Ramona has a Master’s degree in English Literature. She believes that beauty begins with a good skin care regimen and is on a mission to eliminate all toxins from her routine. She helps readers select products and ingredients specific to their skin type and gives out tips to keep their skin healthy in a natural way. When Ramona is not working or experimenting with a new skin care product or ingredient, her books and a passion for music, good food, and traveling keep her busy.

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Source: https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/how-to-prevent-stretch-marks/

[thelifeco-clinic]

What is BEMER Therapy?

What is BEMER therapy used for when treating the body?

BEMER is short for Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation. It refers to both a medical device and a form of therapy. It uses electromagnetic impulses to regulate energy and blood flow in the body.

BEMER therapy helps stimulate restricted microcirculation. Microcirculation is the blood flow through the smallest vessels in the body. This transports blood cells and oxygen.

It also aids in regulating blood pressure and thermoregulation for the skin. By improving microcirculation, BEMER helps enable the body’s self-healing and regeneration abilities.

Microcirculation is crucial to the body’s supply system and disposal processes. Blood cells provide nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs.

They also carry waste products for disposal. This process allows the body to function properly. It helps boost our immune system and improve physical and mental performance.

Unhealthy lifestyle habits like lack of sleep and proper nutrition can affect microcirculation. Diseases and aging also affect robust blood flow. Over time, this can lead to a decline in physical and mental health.

What are some of BEMER therapy’s benefits?

By using electromagnetic signals, the BEMER machine can stimulate microcirculation. It helps normalize blood flow in the area. This means that the cells are better supplied with the oxygen and nutrients they need.

It aids in the healing of wounds and injuries. BEMER also helps restore energy by boosting metabolism. This stimulates energy production.

BEMER therapy can be part of a holistic treatment program for diseases including;

Arthritis;

Back pain;

Peripheral arterial disease;

Torn ligaments;

Bone fractures;

Rheumatism; and

Sprains.

It can also help people suffering from fatigue, burnout, insomnia, and stress.

Among diabetics with polyneuropathy, BEMER has been noted to help improve microcirculation. Diabetic neuropathy is a kind of nerve damage.

It happens when high blood sugar injures the nerves, often in the legs and feet. Symptoms can include pain and numbness. It can also affect the digestive system, blood vessels, and the heart.

One study observed patients who went through BEMER with physiotherapy. They found that it helped reduce pain and fatigue among those with chronic low back pain. For patients with knee osteoarthritis, long-term therapy seemed to be beneficial.

For athletes, BEMER can help improve performance. It can help them avoid injuries. It can also speed up healing and reduce recovery time. As a competitive athlete, reduced downtime means improved quality of training. It also means faster regeneration.

BEMER and Cancer Therapy 

In another study(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5154536/), researchers found that BEMER therapy may help reduce cancer cell radioresistance. This can lead to “failure of radiotherapy” and “poor prognosis” among tumor patients.

It can also increase oxygen saturation. This is crucial to long-term health and wellness. Oxygen saturation can weaken cancer cells among patients.

Cancer cells thrive in oxygen-depleted environments. Therapies that promote oxygenation are important components of an integrative healing program.

Learn more about BEMER at The LifeCo Clinic 

BEMER is one of several adjunct therapies offered at the clinic. Adjunct therapies help the body clean itself. Due to various factors, our bodies can get backed up and clogged. These therapies detoxify the body and stop the production of cancer cells.

Each of our patients has a customized healing program, based on their unique health situation. Curious to find out how BEMER therapy can help you? Contact us now for a free Skype consultation.

The post What is BEMER Therapy? appeared first on Alternative Cancer Treatment Center in Thailand.

[healthchoicerhodeisland]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364648/?report=printable

What is regressive autism and why does it occur? Is it the consequence of multi-systemic dysfunction affecting the elimination of heavy metals and the ability to regulate neural temperature?

Graham E. Ewing

Montague Healthcare, Mulberry House, 6 Vine Farm Close, Cotgrave, Nottingham NG12 3TU, United Kingdom

Correspondence to: Graham W. Ewing, Director, Montague Healthcare, Mulberry House, 6 Vine Farm Close, Cotgrave, Nottingham NG12 3TU, United Kingdom.

Copyright : © North American Journal of Medical Sciences

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

There is a compelling argument that the occurrence of regressive autism is attributable to genetic and chromosomal abnormalities, arising from the overuse of vaccines, which subsequently affects the stability and function of the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems. That sense perception is linked to the autonomic nervous system and the function of the physiological systems enables us to examine the significance of autistic symptoms from a systemic perspective. Failure of the excretory system influences elimination of heavy metals and facilitates their accumulation and subsequent manifestation as neurotoxins: the long-term consequences of which would lead to neurodegeneration, cognitive and developmental problems. It may also influence regulation of neural hyperthermia. This article explores the issues and concludes that sensory dysfunction and systemic failure, manifested as autism, is the inevitable consequence arising from subtle DNA alteration and consequently from the overuse of vaccines.

Keywords: autism, physiological systems, autonomic nervous system

Introduction

That the occurrence of autism has risen steadily in the last decades is not in dispute. Prior to the 1930's and the introduction of vaccinations autism was unknown. By 1968 in the UK, when Polio and DPT vaccines were given at 6 and 7 months autism was very rare. In 1988, when Polio and DPT was given at 3 months, DPT at 5 months and MMR at c13 months autism rates were still low. In 1996, when Polio and DPT/HIB injections were given at 2, 3 and 4 months, followed by MMR at c13 months autism rates began rising rapidly. By 2006 the occurrence of autism had reached pandemic proportions. In the period shortly before the 1980's the occurrence of autism was estimated to be circa 3-5 per 10,000; the majority having autism from birth[1]. Since the introduction of multiple vaccines the prevalence of autism has increased to an estimated 1 in 166 i.e. 60 per 10,000. Furthermore the trend is that of a continued increase. Some British teachers are claiming to see ASD in one in every 86 children[2]. This is supported by research which suggests that one in 100 British children may have some form of autism[3] and that ASDs are more prevalent than hitherto imagined[4] i.e. only severe cases of autism are recorded in the statistics. Such claims have been dismissed as mere speculation on the basis that there is not yet definitive proof of such claims however the perceived lack of evidence does not indicate that proof does not exist[5,6]. It may indicate that the understanding of the condition remains ‘beyond the prevailing level of knowledge’ (Table 1) [7].

By 1985 the incidence of regressive autism had equalled that from birth. By 1997 both types had increased although the regressive form was now >75% of the total occurrence. This suggests that an acquired condition was overtaking birth defects or purely genetic conditions. Autism affects four boys to every girl[10]. By contrast Autism appears not to occur in communities which do not use vaccines[11]. It occurs in immigrants from tropical climates who appear to have greater familial predisposition to autism[12] e.g. among Somali students in Minneapolis there was a rate of 1 in 28 (which compares with the local average of 1 in 56). This is more than five times the national rate of 1 in 150. Since the 1960's the number of vaccines given to a child before entering school has risen to c33. In children born to military families the occurrence of autism may now be as low as 1 in 67. In the vast majority of cases, the emergence of autistic indications appears to happen in children who had developed normally[10,13,14], and before three years[15,16]. The development of normal immune function appears to cease in the second year and is linked to the schedule of vaccines[17] and/or the MMR vaccine[18,19]. The consequences to society are estimated at c£2.4M in an autistic child's lifetime[20] which, if it continues to increase as many predict, will impose an unsustainable financial burden upon healthcare, education and social welfare systems.

The Systemic Nature of Physiology and Function

The body is a bio-dynamic, wholistic and systemic organism. It responds to sensory input which enables the autonomic nervous system thereby influencing behavior, the regulation of physiological systems, and function of the visceral organs (Fig. 1). The established association between visual perception, the autonomic nervous system, physiological systems, and biochemistry[21] raises issues which may be relevant to autism research.

Different diseases are associated with differing colour perception[22] e.g. a yellow-blue deficit in diabetes[23], etc

Different drugs are associated with altered color perception[24].

Enzymes/Proteins are active in the visual spectrum[25,26].

Suppressed immune function affects cognition[27]. In particular, t-cell deficiency (a common indicator of stress) is linked to cognitive dysfunction.

Any form of biochemical variation must therefore influence sense perception, sensory coordination and cognitive function. The existence of the physiological systems is not in doubt although there is not universal agreement on their structure. There is wide recognition that they regulate the function of organs (in each system), and that there are higher and lower levels for each system (homeostatic limits), however such systems remain an elusive and under-researched area of medicine. The Russian researcher I.G.Grakov[28,29] has mathematically modelled the consequences of cognition upon the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems. This included identifying and mapping the nature and structure of the physiological systems (Table 2).

Physiological Systems

Sleeping, Breathing, Digestion, Excretion, Osmotic Pressure, Blood Pressure, Blood Cell Content, Blood Volume, Blood Glucose , Sexual Function, pH, Temperature, Posture and Locomotion. See Table 2.

Such an explanation is highly inclusive and complete by comparison to the currently accepted but exclusive and limited explanation. The essential functions of temperature, sleeping and pH are now included; excretion is not limited to urination; whilst blood cell content (and other related systems) comprise what has hitherto been regarded as the immune system. Absorption of nutrients is influenced by system function including (but not limited to) blood pressure, blood volume, blood cell content, pH, temperature, etc. Elimination of toxins is similarly influenced by the complexities of system function.

The brain manages the autonomic nervous system and the function of the physiological systems. In addition, the brain waves are in a dynamic relationship with molecular biochemistry illustrating how drugs can be used to influence the body's biochemistry in order to act upon the symptoms of disease and how brain wave technologies such as neurofeedback can be used to alter the brain waves, physiological systems, organs, cells and molecular bio-chemistry.

Such systems regulate the function of the body's biochemistry e.g. (1) Most enzymatic reactions in the body are temperature dependent and catalysed by Magnesium. (2) The body requires maintenance of pH within a narrow operating range, and also the supply of minerals and vitamins/cofactors, to catalyse protein-substrate reactions in the body. (3) Appropriate blood volume, blood pressure, blood cell content and pH are required to ensure optimal absorption of minerals, vitamins, fatty acids from the intestines.

It is increasingly accepted that the synchronised activity of groups of neurons[30] in functionally coherent structures (the physiological systems), which exist in the brain and the body, synchronise their electrical impulses[31]. This may be evident when noting the evoked visual potentials, indicative of neural synchronisation, which are atypical in autism[32] and which may be part of the processes influencing sense perception (figure 1), sense coordination, memory[33], learning, etc. If so, this indicates that sensory input through the neurovisual pathways is integrated into actions, behaviour and movement and that learning requires synchronised activity between the brain, sensory organs[34–36], and visceral organs. This is severely disrupted in the autistic[37]. Autism affects the function of all of the brain[38–40]. It is a neurobiologic, multi-systemic disorder i.e. affecting the function of every organ but not necessarily its structures[41]. It affects all aspects of the autonomic nervous system and hence influences all aspects of brain's function including that of neural networks involved in learning, memory, the function of the senses and the visceral organs.

The cerebellum, considered to be implicated in autistic spectrum disorders[42] comprises an estimated 50% of the brain's total processing capacity yet its role is not clear or understood[43]. It is involved in the accumulation of sensory data from the internal environment, including the organs in the body and those in the brain (including the sensory organs), thus distinguishing between sensory input from the external environment (a significant function of the cerebrum) and that of the biochemistry affecting the function of every organ (a significant function of the cerebellum), including the cerebellum. Such a role includes the processing, regulation and distribution of this data, through structures such as the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum which are attached by nervous structures to every part of the body. This includes the receipt of biosignals involved in the processes of movement, coordination and balance. Impaired flow of data to the brain via the cerebellum (and brainstem) may lead to functional problems affecting the body's fine control of e.g. balance, coordination, etc. Movement and balance involve the coordinated function of all body systems and organs and are coordinated by (1) sensory feedback from the external and internal environments and (2) the allocation of energy resources to and from each organ. They are dependent upon the precise nature, and timing, of data about each organ being provided to and by the cerebrum andcerebellum. This illustrates how the brain determines behaviour and actions appropriate to developing situations. It illustrates how changes at the organ, cell or molecular level influence brain function and vice-versa.

There are indications of cerebellar dysfunction in autism[44]. Inhibited flow of data to the cerebellum may be followed by developmental decay, cerebellar dysfunction[45,46], and reduced size of brain-stem. This is equivalent to the ‘use it or lose it’ phenomena affecting muscle tone and function.

Without cognitive input the brain cannot and does not function. Disease and drugs create cognitive dysfunction, altered sense perception, in particular affects visual perception. Accordingly, vaccines must also influence sense perception and coordination. Vaccines have a long-term influence and hence may have a more pervasive influence upon sense perception.

Our cognitive function depends upon the extent and coordination of sense perception i.e. between the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and skin. Genetic and/or environmental influences affect sense perception, the degree of sensory coordination and ultimately our connectedness with the surrounding world. Visual function is linked to the primary mechanism (rods, cones and pigments) but is also influenced at the biochemical level – noted by how pathology and drugs alter color perception[22,47] and affect the magnocellular and parvocellular neurovisual pathways which alter color perception and visual contrast. This influences the stability and function of the autonomic nervous system[48] and alters the processes of memory fixation, concentration, and behavior[49].

Anyone contracting disease e.g. measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, etc; experiences altered visual perception therefore a weakened strain of the disease e.g. in vaccines, must also influence visual perception/cognition. Chronic disease is also accompanied by significant cognitive dysfunction and influences the coordination and processing of sense signals by the brain. The greater the number of illnesses, drugs or vaccines[50] the greater the alteration to the body's biochemistry therefore the greater its influence upon sense function and the degree of sensory distortion. It influences the autonomic nervous system and physiological systems and hence the coordination and function of every organ – visceral and sensory. This is a significant feature of autism[51,52].

Almost all diseases are linked to cognitive and behavioral disorders. Conversely, behavioral traits are influenced by biochemistry e.g. testosterone, oestrogen, cortisol, oxytocin, adrenaline, etc. Oxytocin influences the formation of social bonds influencing social engagement and attachment - which are dysfunctional in the autistic child[53–57].

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction?

In general problems with the stability of the autonomic nervous system[21,58] can be expected to be manifest as follows:

Loss of Sense perception and Sensory Coordination

System dysfunction (e.g. influencing breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, etc)

Behavioural dysfunction (including learning problems, information feedback)

Problems with Diet and Elimination (of toxins and wastes)

Impaired and/or Delayed Neural Development

Atypical brain waves

These are prevalent in autism.

Evidence of Systemic Dysfunction in Autism

Multi-systemic dysfunction is associated with a wide range of physiological disorders e.g. diabetes and obesity[59], cancer, cardiovascular disorders, pre-eclampsia, dyslexia[60], depression, etc. It affects the central[39] and autonomic nervous system in autistic children[61]. Systemic dysfunction in Autism includes that of temperature, blood cell content and immune function[62], blood pressure[63,64], digestion, excretion, posture and locomotion, sleep[65–67], pH, breathing; respiration rates, lower skin temperature. Each influences metabolic rate[68]. Autonomic dysfunction has also been linked to problems with appetite, swallowing food, nausea, recurrent vomiting, and abdominal bloating; constipation or diarrhoea; dry eyes, dilated pupils; dry skin, flushed skin following a meal, abnormal sweating, and unexplained high fevers; sleep apnoea, insomnia; bed-wetting, difficulty urinating, difficulty potty-training; altered perception of pain, sensory defensiveness, poor socialisation skills, anxiety, phobias, tics, emotional instability; and light intolerance. That autistic seizures are often linked to neural blood flow[69–71] is supported by fact that medications used to raise or lower blood pressure can alter the occurrence of seizures and improve sleep in the autistic child.

Autism affects sensory processing and sensory coordination[72] which is manifest in various ways e.g. tactile perception[73], vision[74], hearing[75], and smell. Autistic children may also display synaesthesia in which sensations become confused with one another[76]. Sounds may be experienced as touch or as visual stimulation e.g. autistic children may cover their eyes when they hear a loud sound. That autistic children have such sensory synaesthesia and sensitivity may indicate that their brains have extreme problems with sensory processing, regulation and coordination[77,78,60].

Vaccines and Vaccine Side-effects

Background

The introduction of modified live viruses as vaccines enable the virus to attach its genetic material into the cell which replicates i.e. the host cell continues to function whilst producing the viral protein. This stimulates the production of antibodies. Under normal circumstances exposure to a viral disease would be countered (in vivo) at various levels enabling the body to steadily increase its immune response. By contrast, the injection of vaccines directly into the blood system overpowers the normal immune response leading to its rapid depletion. It is now suspected that long-term persistence of viruses and other proteins may produce chronic disease i.e. instead of producing a genuine immunity the vaccines are altering the body's systemic and biochemical stability, suppressing the production of differing types of white blood cells and hence immune function. Furthermore the introduction of many vaccines (up to 30 in a typical vaccination schedule) introduces a large number of foreign proteins which may be sufficient to ensure that immune function never returns to baseline and/or that immune biochemistry is fundamentally altered[62]. Consequently there now exists a growing concern which links immunizations to the huge increase in recent decades of auto-immune diseases[79] e.g., rheumatoid arthritis[80,81], multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, lymphoma, leukemia, autoimmune demyelinative optic neuritis, diabetes mellitus, etc.

Vaccinations influence the balance of viral scavengers[82,83]. They suppress the production of b-cells, t-cells, etc. The synergistic action of these cells impairs antibody formation and becomes less effective in phagocytosis. This influences recognition of viral pathogens, leads to the progressive failure of immune function and hence to the increased incidence of auto-immune disease which we note as allergies[84–86] and immunodeficiency[87].

Some vaccinations have a greater effect than others e.g. Hib vaccine, pertussis vaccine[88–90], measles vaccine[91], etc. Indeed some articles indicate that the use of such vaccines can reliably induce asthma[92] by moderating adrenergic function[93].

Modified live viruses alter the structure and function of DNA. Each virus is a large molecule therefore its spatial arrangement must be influenced by its biochemistry which influences cross-helical structures and linkages within the DNA helix. Accordingly it is inevitable that the steady accumulation of such foreign proteins arising from an intensive vaccine programme will reach the stage where it significantly weakens DNA, gene, and chromosome structure and function. The prevailing reaction conditions - the consequence of protein expression which has been influenced by previous vaccines - will also affect the introduction of each modified live virus. Each will depress immune function. The greater the number of viruses and foreign proteins (1) the greater the influence upon immune function and the time required for recovery from each vaccination; (2) the greater their influence upon DNA, gene and chromosome structure and function, the greater will be the risk of protein inhibition, system dysfunction, reproduction, etc.

The greater the amount of vaccines, introduction of foreign proteins and hence of alterations to the body's biochemistry the greater the risk that the body's immune function no longer recognizes or responds to existing vaccines or diseases[94] and/or that its immune response has been altered[95] and/or that sugar chains attached to an antibody alters its ability to bind to its receptors[96]. This may lead to mutated forms of disease[97–104] e.g. the reemergence of whooping cough[105], and a differentiated disease profile e.g. up to 30 per cent of individuals with a persistent cough are infected with B. pertussis[106]. Furthermore enhanced susceptibility to virus infection by vaccines is documented[107]. This could enable tougher strains to flourish[108].

Vaccines are not entirely safe. The currently used vaccines are merely less unsafe than previous vaccines[109,110] e.g.

The Urabe strain of mumps vaccine in the MMR vaccine was replaced by the Jeryl Lynn mumps strain in response to reports from Japan linking the Urabe strain used, in the MMR vaccine, with high levels of meningoencephalitis.

The Pluserix-MMR and Immramax-MMR vaccines were withdrawn because of reports of mild transient meningitis. The withdrawal of the smallpox vaccination led to a reduction in the incidence of TB.

The Rubini vaccine continues to be used in some European territories although discredited[111].

Leningrad-Zagreb strain is commonly used in developing countries, and may have superior efficacy when used during epidemics[112,113].

Different strains of disease have different safety profiles[114]

Different strengths of vaccine[115] carry risks which affect age groups or sexes differently.

There are concerns over the use of whole-cell vaccines[116,117] although some argue that acellular vaccines are less effective[118].

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome has been largely eradicated following withdrawal of the pertussis vaccine in Sweden and Japan.

Side-effects arising from vaccination are associated with the onset of autoimmune disease[79,119], arthritis, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune demyelinative optic neuritis, etc.

Sensory defects are a common side-effect of vaccines[120–122] e.g. sensori-neural hearing loss induced by the MMR vaccine.

Drugs inhibit the effectiveness of vaccines (see 3.3.2). Systemic glucocorticoids (steroids) suppress the immune system and create risk of disseminated infection from live virus vaccines[123]. Vaccines may also be influenced by levels of immune function, dietary factors, and stress[124]. Many parents of autistic children and a number of medical experts believe the MMR vaccine is the culprit behind autism. In c15-20% of children it causes fever 7-12 days following immunization.

What are the risks from the diseases against which a vaccine is meant to protect?

Diphtheria, Polio, Tetanus, Meningitis, Pertussis

Diptheria[125], Polio and Pertussis have largely been reduced in the developed world although there may now be mutated forms of disease, a differentiated disease profile and/or an altered immune profile, which may be responsible for further outbreaks in vaccinated children and adults. Diphtheria is an upper respiratory tract infection characterized by sore throat and minor fever. It affects the central and peripheral nervous systems leading to deterioration of myelin sheaths, loss of motor control and sensation. Fatality rates are 5-10% although the rate of mortality may be higher for those under 5 years and over 40 years. It can be treated by antibiotics which prevent its transmission e.g. using erythromycin, procaine penicillin G, rifampin or clindamycin. Other minor complications including neck swelling, nausea, vomiting, listlessness, pallor, and a racing heart beat; lead to long term effects e.g low blood pressure, cardiac myopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Poliomyelitis is an infectious viral disease. Although c90% of polio infections are symptom-free, if the virus enters blood circulation this may lead to further complications. In c1% of cases, where the virus enters the central nervous system, it infects and/or destroys motor neurons thereby leading to muscle weakness and paralysis, usually involving the legs. Tetanus infection occurs through open wounds. It occurs commonly in hot, damp climates with soil rich in organic matter. It creates muscle spasms in the jaw, difficulty in swallowing, muscle stiffness and spasms throughout the body. The neonatal form of the disease is a significant public health problem in the developing and/or agricultural economies. There are about one million cases of tetanus reported each year, mainly in the developing world, causing an estimated 300,000 to 500,000 deaths. In the United States, there are about five deaths from tetanus each year. Tetanus is the only disease that is infectious but not contagious. Pertussis is a highly contagious disease. There are 10–90 million pertussis cases and about 600,000 deaths per year. Sixty percent of all cases occur in the developing world. In children it is characterized initially by mild respiratory infection symptoms before developing into the characteristic ‘whooping’ cough. Other complications may include encephalitis, pneumonia, and secondary bacterial infections. Naturally-acquired disease caused by Hib (H. influenza) appears only to occur in humans with low natural immunity[126]. In infants and young children, H. influenza type b may cause pneumonia, and acute bacterial meningitis. Both H. influenza and S. pneumonia can be found in the upper respiratory system of humans i.e. both reside naturally in the body. Alterations in the immune response; attributed to poor nutrition, stress or transmission; enable their proliferation with potentially serious outcomes.

Measles, Mumps and Rubella

Measles is largely a consequence of compromised immunity arising from poor diet and is linked to high levels of mortality[127] in the developing world. In developed countries, most children are immunized against measles by the age of 18 months, generally as part of the triple vaccine treating measles, mumps and rubella (children younger than 18 months usually retain measles antibodies (Immunoglobulins (Ig)) transmitted from the mother during pregnancy) If the mother naturally had measles. The rate of mortality from measles is typically 0.3% however in the developing world this may be as high as 28%. The classical symptoms of measles are typically fever (up to 40C), cough, coryza and conjunctivitis. Complications include mild diarrhoea, pneumonia, encephalitis, SSPC, and corneal ulceration or scarring. They are usually more severe amongst adults. Permanent hearing loss or damage to vision is recognized complications of measles. Measles has been known to occur in children with congenital rubella syndrome, and has been implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The more common symptoms of mumps are parotitis, fever (typically 38.3C), headache and orchitis[128] Other symptoms of mumps include sore face and/or ears, and loss of voice. Known complications of mumps include infection of other organ systems, sterility in older men, mild forms of meningitis, encephalitis, sensorineural hearing loss, pancreatitis, inflammation of the ovaries, and risk of spontaneous abortion during pregnancy. Rubella is a mild disease which often passes unnoticed[129]. The primary reason for the introduction of a vaccine is to prevent infection during pregnancy. The common symptoms of rubella are the appearance of a rash on the face, trunk and limbs (after an incubation period of 14-21 days) which usually fades after several days. Other symptoms include fever (typically 38C), swollen glands (post cervical lymphadenopathy), joint pains, headache and conjunctivitis. Rubella is generally a mild disease, rare in infants or those over the age of 40. The older the person the more severe the symptoms e.g. some women experience arthritis type symptoms. Children exposed to rubella in the womb may show developmental delay, inhibited growth, hearing disabilities, diabetes, glaucoma, schizophrenia, etc. If infected during the first 12 week period of pregnancy this may lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which is manifest as a series of complications including spontaneous abortion and, in the neonate: cardiac, cerebral, ophthalmic and auditory side-effects. Known complications include prematurity, low birth weight, and neonatal thrombocytopenia, anemia and hepatitis. CRS is the main reason a vaccine for rubella was developed. It increases the risk of miscarriage or still birth in mothers who contract rubella shortly before or early in pregnancy. If the baby survives, it may have heart disorders, blindness, deafness, etc. CRS is manifest as sensorineural deafness, eye problems, heart disease. Other complications include low birth weight, mental retardation, problems with the spleen, liver and bone marrow, etc. Hepatitis B is difficult to catch and comes from blood or sexual contact with an infected carrier. Further, vaccine-derived immunity is thought to be short-lived. Hpv , an infection transmitted during sexual intercourse, clears naturally after several months/years. Mumps and Rubella may occur without the patient being aware that they have the disease.

Some diseases may confer natural immunity e.g. the mumps virus may confer a degree of immunity against ovarian cancer[130–133].

In summary, disease side-effects reflect the effect of the disease upon the body's functional systems i.e. upon temperature, digestion, excretion, etc. Typical viral fevers are circa 1-2C above the body's normal body temperature. Measles is particularly noteworthy because fever may reach 40C (or higher), some 3-4C above normal body temperature and just 1C below the point where proteins denature and at which brain death commences.

What are the risks from the Vaccine? Typical vaccine side-effects

There is evidence that BCG and measles vaccinations administered singly reduce child mortality[134] but that this is unrelated to the incidence of measles or measles deaths[135,136]. By contrast the pertussis vaccine is associated with a negative effect[137].

Dtap: Recorded common side-effects with the DtaP vaccine include fever, tiredness, poor appetite, vomiting and inflammation. Less common and more severe side-effects include distress (crying), seizures, lowered consciousness or coma, brain damage.

MMR: Recorded common side-effects with the MMR vaccine include fever, swelling of the lymph glands, tiredness, poor appetite, and abhorrence of bright lights. More severe problems include low platelet count, pain and stiffness in the joints/inflammation. Less common and more severe side-effects include distress (crying), seizures, deafness, lowered consciousness or coma, brain damage.

Tdap: Recorded common side-effects with the Tdap vaccine include pain, chills, fever, headache, tiredness, poor appetite, stomach ache, vomiting, diarrhoea and inflammation

The above listed vaccine side-effects are indicative of systemic instability affecting most physiological systems – temperature (chills and fever), excretion (inflammation of the lymph glands), blood cell content (low platelet count), excretion (diarrhoea), digestion (poor appetite, vomiting), sleep (coma), and metabolic rate (tiredness, lowered levels of consciousness). In addition there is evidence of altered sense perception, indicative of problems with the autonomic nervous system, which affects hearing, visual perception (abhorrence of bright lights), smell and touch.

Significant vaccine side-effects have been linked to swine flu vaccine (Guillain-Barre paralysis); in RSV vaccine[138]; in the measles, mumps and MMR vaccines[139]; hepatitis A and B vaccine[140]; tetanus vaccine; smallpox vaccine; polio vaccine; pertussis vaccine[141], etc. The incidence of vaccine side-effects may now be sufficiently great to question the claims that the risks from the disease exceed that of vaccines[109].

The MMR vaccine has been linked to autism, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease[142,143] and other serious chronic stomach problems[144], epilepsy, brain damage including meningitis[145,146], cerebral palsy, pancreatitis[147] and diabetes mellitus[148–150], encephalopathy, encephalitis[151,152], hearing and vision problems, arthritis, behavioural and learning problems, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes, Guillain-Barre syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), leukaemia, multiple sclerosis, and death.

There is evidence that in cases of immune deficiency that viruses continue to persist in the body[143,153–155]. The measles virus is known to persist in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE)[156] and multiple sclerosis[157]. Since the introduction of measles vaccines, vaccine-associated SSPE has increased in the USA. Furthermore patients with B or T-cell immunodeficiencies have cognitive side-effects[27] and are advised against vaccination due to the risk of severe and/or fatal infection (Merck). That viruses persist in the body and are linked to autoimmune disorders is a feature of rubella virus[158–160], anthrax vaccination[161], hepatitis B[162], etc. There is a reported increased risk of death with combined vaccination DPT and polio[134].

In summary, vaccine's side-effects reflect the vaccine's influence upon the body's functional systems i.e. upon temperature, digestion, excretion, blood cell content, etc.

The Cumulative Effect of Vaccines

There is concern that the cumulative effect of vaccines upon the body's function has not been properly assessed[137]. Unvaccinated children appear to have less exposure to disease[84,85], delaying vaccination reduces exposure to disease[163], contracting the disease naturally leads to less disease in future[164], and that excessive vaccination is considered ineffective and dangerous[165].

Vaccine-vaccine and Vaccine-drug interactions

In general, vaccines may be influenced by antibiotics[166], immunoglobulins, immunosuppressants, monoclonal antibodies, anticoagulants and corticosteroids. The interaction between a vaccine and a drug has been reported only with influenza vaccine and four drugs (aminopyrine, phenytoin sodium, theophylline, and warfarin sodium), and with BCG vaccine and theophylline. The clinical significance of vaccine-drug interactions is not fully determined[167]. There is further evidence of interactions involving most vaccines e.g. HPV Vaccine: (http://hpv.emedtv.com/hpv-vaccine/drug-interactions-with-the-hpv-vaccine.html); Shingles Vaccine: An Introduction: (http://senior-health.emedtv.com/shingles-vaccine/drug-interactions-with-the-shingles-vaccine.html); yellow fever vaccine; polio vaccine (neomycin, streptomycin, phenoxy ethanol, formaldehyde), rotavirus vaccine, etc.

Vaccines are not subject to double blind clinical trials despite the evidence of vaccine-drug interactions and perhaps also of vaccine-vaccine interactions.

Effectiveness of Vaccines/Vaccines are not 100% effective

Whooping cough is becoming increasingly prevalent[168–170]. Although claimed to be 88 per cent effective among children of 7-18 months, during a nationwide epidemic of whooping cough in 1993, a group of researchers discovered that 82 per cent had completed their full complement of DPT vaccines[171]. Others have commented that the whooping cough vaccine is only to be 36% effective[109].

Many studies show that the measles vaccine isn’t completely effective[172–175] and that a significant proportion of those infected in measles outbreaks (>60%) had been vaccinated. There is also a lack of consensus concerning the effectiveness of whole or acellular vaccines, each having their own side-effects and effectiveness[176] e.g. vaccine efficacy was estimated at 75.4% for an acellular 5 component vaccine, 42.4% for an acellular two component vaccine and 28% for a whole cell DTP vaccine[177]. The whole-cell vaccine was associated with different levels of side-effects including significantly higher rates of crying, cyanosis, fever, and local reactions than the other three vaccines.

There is evidence of declining vaccine immunity[178] illustrated by transmission of mumps[179], measles[180,181], rubella[182], polio[183], Hib[184,185], Hepatitis B[186,187], smallpox, diphtheria, varicella[188], whooping cough[189], etc.

Effect upon Learning

One in 14 children i.e. up to half of all children starting school, have problems with speech, language and communication[190]. Is this significant bearing in mind[4] that the occurrence of autism may be more widely spread than has hitherto been considered possible i.e. that only the most severe and chronic cases of autism are recorded? Learning problems are a significant problem in autism[191]. It affects the body's processing of data from the external and internal environments. This affects, in the autistic, the ability of the autonomic nervous system to regulate organ function and hence influences their ability to make sense of the external world. The problem may be part of a spectrum of biochemical disorders[60] influencing all aspects of the learning process e.g. including memory, concentration, sense perception and sense coordination.

Biochemical Evidence

Biochemical Instability

Indications of almost complete physiological instability are manifest in the autistic as a proliferation of biochemical deficiencies e.g. (1) Fatty acid deficiency[192]; (2) a distinctly different immune response[62] including reduced natural killer cell activity[193], decreased immunoglobulins and T cells and altered lymphocyte functions[194,195–197], (3) Vitamin D deficiency[198]. Vitamin D regulates the levels of glutathione which may explain the link between heavy metals and autism. Depleted levels of glutathione increase oxidative stress, suppress the detoxifying effect of liver enzymes e.g. P450, reduce the elimination of heavy metals, and increase the neurodegenerative effects of heavy metals. Mercury inhibits the enzyme methionine synthase which converts homocysteine into methionine. Accordingly, levels of cysteine, glutathione and metallothionine are low. This illustrates that the methionine pathway may be faulty in many with autism and supports earlier suggestions that redox imbalances[199–200] and detoxification are impaired. (4) Vitamin A deficiency[201–202] is a commonly observed symptom of measles. The severity of complications have been linked to the degree of Vitamin A deficiency; (5) Carnitine deficiency[203]; (6) increased norepinephrine levels and decreased dopamine-hydroxylase activity[204]; (7) demonstration of inter- and intra- species differences in serotonin binding sites by antibodies from an autistic child[205]; (8) the levels of gut flora[206]; (9) Enterocolitis in Children with Developmental Disorders[207]; (10) Adenosine Deaminase Activity Decreased in Autism[208,209]; (11) Small intestinal enteropathy with epithelial, IgG and complement deposition in children with regressive autism[210]; (12) Mitochondrial disorder[211]. Findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction, including abnormal enzyme function, mitochondrial structure, and mitochondrial DNA integrity, may be present in children with autism[212].

Other biochemical deficiencies/chromosomal abnormalities include:

Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase superactivity, Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Histidinemia, Lesch-Nyhan disease, Fragile X syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency, Tuberous sclerosis, Superactivity of pyrimidine 5’-nucleotidase (P5N), etc.

The use of Drugs

Biochemical instability is a feature of autism. Accordingly, drugs are used to mitigate autistic symptoms e.g. (1) Lofexidine[213] has been shown to improve prefrontal cortical function in nonhuman primates. This is consistent with the view that the prefrontal cortex regulates executive/system function. (2) An open trial[214] suggested that methylphenidate use in autistic hyperactive children may ameliorate hyperactivity, and impulsivity in autistic children. (3) Neuroleptics e.g. haloperidol, are mildly effective in reducing hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in children with autistic disorder[215]; clonidine is used in the treatment of tic disorders and ADHD[216]. Other drugs used include Tianeptine[217]; Galanthamine[218]; Immunoglobulins[219]; melatonin[220]; and beta-blockers[221].

The Cause of Autism

The occurrence of autism is due to a significant genetic insult[222] but it is not considered to be an inheritable condition. How and when this occurs can be debated however, for a young child with a developing immune system, there are few factors which could be held responsible other than vaccines and/or the related and damaging effect of exposure to high levels of mercury. No other factor or explanation has been offered as a viable alternative explanation for the occurrence of regressive autism. The evidence indicates there is alteration to chromosome structure and/or function. It indicates the influence of external stressor(s) influencing mitochondrial structure and DNA, chromosomal instability and translocation, which ultimately influences protein expression. The combined effect influences system stability, organ function, the prevailing levels of biochemistry, sense perception, behavior, etc. It influences protein expression and the rate and completeness of subsequent protein-substrate reactions leading to lowered immune function, reduced absorption of nutrients, slowed metabolism, impaired development[262], etc; i.e. the body's biochemical processes do not proceed as they should.

Is this an indication of chromosomal damage?

Viruses are able to infiltrate cells, inserting their genetic material into them. As outlined earlier (see 4.1) there are biochemical markers of vaccine damage. That it affects four boys to every girl[10] illustrates that the condition is largely due to a defect with the X-chromosome and leads to consideration of the factors which could influence at the genetic/chromosomal level. In general, chromosomal damage is linked to radiation e.g. due to adverse nuclear events which leads ultimately to birth defects. The prevailing evidence appears to suggest the influence of e.g. proteolytic enzymes or temperature[223,224] which may alter chromosome structure. Little evidence has been offered for the 1 in 5 occurrence experienced by girls although this appears likely to be the consequence of a chromosomal stressor.

It is widely recognised that genetic predisposition and protein expression can be influenced by environment influences[7], and that genetic damage can be the result of exposure to radiation, however the evidence being offered appears to suggest a subtle form of genetic alteration - associated with the wider use of vaccines[17] - which may not necessarily be inherited but is responsible for altered system stability and function and consequently of altered biochemistry and function. There is evidence that system function is intact but dysfunctional i.e. that homeostasis is severely compromised. Such findings are supported by research into Gulf-War Syndrome (GWS) in which[225] untypical RNA was found in the blood of sick GW veterans. This illustrates that the viral encephalopathies originated from RNA-viruses and hence from vaccines. That immunosuppression, shown to be a factor in GWS[226] and autism, is associated with the concentrated use of vaccines[227] is further supported by the fact that French soldiers who were not vaccinated yet who served in the gulf war did not get GWS however American and British soldiers[228], irrespective of whether they served in Iraq or not, reported a significantly greater incidence of autistic-spectrum disorders and GWS.

The Effect of Heavy Metals

Heavy Metals and Mercury in particular, affects the function of the CNS and are extensively documented and associated with autism[229]. Amongst a variety of side-effects mercury decreases lymphocyte viability, and in the brain: dysfunction in the amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex; destruction of neurons in the cerebellum; and brainstem abnormalities. Demyelination is evident in such conditions. The brain's electrical patterns are similarly abnormal.

The most significant contributors to the increased mercury burden are: Mercury in vaccines (e.g. DTP (at typically 25 micrograms of mercury per dose), Tetanus, Hepatitis B & (most) influenza vaccines), contamination of fish[230], wild/bush fires; and emissions from power stations[231] and industrial chimneys including incinerators, waste-burning cement works, crematoria, etc. The characteristics of autism and mercury poisoning are extremely similar which suggests that autism arises from mercury poisoning[232,233]. Children with autism have greater amounts of mercury and other heavy metals in their system[234]. For these children the exposure route is considered to be predominately via childhood vaccines, most of which contain thimerosal. Vaccinated children of circa 10-20 kgs are exposed to an adult overdose of mercury, over 62.5 micrograms of mercury within the first three months, which significantly increases a child's risk of developing some form of neuro-developmental disorder such as impaired development, speech and language, autism, stuttering and attention deficit disorder.

Children living downstream of coal-fired power stations have a greater incidence of autistic spectrum disorders[231]. This indicates that the innate physiological processes, which the body uses to eliminate heavy metals, are being overcome by overexposure.

Mercury poisoning is an insidious process. In general the symptoms do not appear immediately upon exposure, although they may in especially sensitive individuals or in cases of excessive exposure. The initial preclinical stage is followed by the development of symptoms of mercury poisoning over a period which may last from weeks, months, and years[235–237]. Consequently, mercury given in vaccines to very young children would not be expected to lead to a recognizable disorder, except for subtle signs, before age 6-12 months, and might not emerge for several years[233].

In autistic children, the initial signs occur shortly after the first injections, and consist of abnormalities in motor behavior and in the sensory systems, particularly touch sensitivity, vision, and numbness in the mouth[15,238]. These signs are followed by parental reports of speech and hearing abnormalities appearing before the child's second birthday[10]. Finally, there is the development of autistic-like traits and a continuing regression or lack of development in subsequent years. These symptoms change[239] depending upon the circumstances surrounding each child.

Most autistic children have impaired liver detoxification. Many have low levels of metallothionine, conceivably the consequence of a deficiency of Zinc, which is indicative of a lowered capacity to chelate mercury and other heavy metals. Mercury is a powerful oxidant which depletes cellular antioxidants, especially glutathione. The P450 detoxifying enzymes of the liver rely heavily on adequate availability of glutathione. EthylMercury the active component in thimerosal causes apoptosis of the t-cells[240–242].

Although the withdrawal of mercury from vaccines has not resulted in an overall decline in the occurrence of autism this does not mean that the problem does not lie with thimerosal[243,263]. It may indicate that the problem is associated with the elimination of mercury[244] i.e. affecting function of the lymphatic system and excretion[245]. This is supported by noting evidence of urea cycle dysfunction. Problems with the urea cycle, conceivably the consequence of mercury poisoning, have been linked to autism. A child with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is likely to be lacking in energy, have appetite problems, poorly-controlled breathing rate and/or body temperature, and slow development. Significantly, OTC deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder (http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec13/ch164/ch164a.html) one of a number of primary immunodeficiencies associated with vaccine use.

As in autism, onset of Hg toxicity symptoms is gradual in some cases, sudden in others[232,233]. In the case of poisoning, the first signs to emerge are abnormal sensation and motor disturbances. As exposure increases, these signs are followed by speech problems, and hearing deficits[246]. Upon removal of the mercury the symptoms tend to recede except in instances of severe poisoning, which may lead to death[232]. As in autism, epilepsy arising from Hg exposure is also associated with a poor prognosis[247]. Mercury acts upon the catecholamines and influences the function of the autonomic nervous system[245]. This affects cognitive performance[248], spatial vision[249], etc.

Other metals have been implicated in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children e.g. lead and mercury[250,251], with exposure to cadmium, arsenic, antimony and chromium also a concern. Studies have found adverse effects of prenatal lead exposure on growth and development, but little research has examined an association with autism. Whilst Mercury is of concern, because of evidence for neurotoxic effects and the fact that it has become so prevalent in the wider environment[250], Aluminum also shares common mechanisms with mercury e.g. it interferes with cellular and metabolic processes in the nervous system. Children given the recommended vaccinations are injected with nearly 5 mg of aluminum by the time they are just 1.5 years old, almost 6 times the safe level. Furthermore the nature of the Aluminium affects the prevailing blood levels and is also increasingly implicated, through their use as vaccine adjuvants, in autism[252].

Current Therapeutic Approaches used to Treat Autism

There is evidence that autism is a treatable disease and that some therapies can mitigate the effects of autism[253,254]. Although there is no recognised method of treatment, or of significant and/or proven outcomes, autistic children appear to respond to therapies which enhance the function of the breathing , to enhance oxygen levels[255], and excretory system e.g. by osteopathy[256]. Moreover a commonly observed side-effect with autistic children is that when a child has an elevated temperature, perhaps resulting from a fever, the autistic symptoms appear to recede and the child behaves normally[41]. Autistic children suffer from adverse sleep patterns. In the US autistic children are often treated by chelation therapy and biofeedback[257–259].

Dysfunction of the Excretory or lymphatic system leads to long-term exposure to mercury which under normal circumstances would have been rapidly eliminated from the body. This may also lead to higher neural temperatures which will inevitably influence brain function.

Further evidence of biochemical deficits[260] and of the benefit of biochemical based supplements e.g. vitamin B6 and magnesium; melatonin; methylcobalamin; vitamin A, C & D supplements; dimethylglycine (DMG) and trimethylglycine (TMG). DMG provides building blocks that are required for purine nucleotide synthesis. DMG comes from TMG when TMG methylates homocysteine. Significantly, absorption of Vitamin A Palmitate requires an intact gut mucosa at the appropriate pH and in the presence of bile for metabolism. Many autistic children have damaged mucosal surfaces therefore they have impaired capacity to absorb vitamin A[261].

That some children can become normal when their temperature increases above normal levels e.g. due to a viral infection,[41] may illustrate that the levels of the homeostatic mechanism affecting the physiological systems have been reset at what can be considered to be abnormal levels[47]. This may indicate that autism is treatable - perhaps to a greater degree than has hitherto been considered possible.

Discussion

The mass of scientific evidence compiled by researchers clearly indicates that the incidence of autism occurs following vaccination and is most closely associated with the schedule of vaccines culminating in the MMR vaccine. That vaccines suppress natural immune function is not in dispute e.g. those with naturally low levels of immune function (immigrants from tropical climates) show greater predisposition to autistic spectrum disorders.

The immediate effect arising from vaccination influences gene function and protein expression. This leads to lower levels of white blood cells including e.g. lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, t-cells, b-cells and/or neutrophils, and disturbs their synergistic action and hence their ability to memorize and respond to immune responses when challenged. This impairs the ability to kill pathogens thereby predisposing to further infections. The short and long-term outcome is to the neural mechanisms regulating system function affecting e.g. pH, the excretory system, temperature, and the elimination of toxins and heavy metals. This explains why the discontinuation of thimerosal in vaccines was followed by a steady increase in the incidence of autism and hence that researchers did not find a correlation between the incidence of autism and the use of thimerosal-containing vaccines[263]. This may also explain the effect of multiple vaccines, in particular the MMR vaccine, and the greater predisposition to autistic spectrum disorders in military families.

In most autistic children brain structures are initially unaffected but become steadily underdeveloped as a consequence of exposure to mercury and other heavy metals. This evolves into a neurodevelopmental problem leading to chromosomal abnormalities, affecting myelination, the subsequent degeneration of the cerebellum, etc.

The MMR triple vaccine may inhibit normal immune function which, directly or indirectly, ultimately leads to chromosomal and/or genetic damage and/or dysfunction. The occurrence of GWS in adults, a condition with many features which are common with autism, indicates the problem may be due to the number and/or intense schedule of vaccinations however this does not excuse the measles or MMR vaccine from suspicion. The combined vaccine raises body temperature whilst lowering immune and system function. This may make a mild measles vaccine more virulent which may increase fever to an abnormally high level. It suggests (1) single vaccines may pose less risk than triple vaccines; (2) some vaccines pose a greater risk than others e.g. pertussis and measles; and (3) the way in which vaccines are administered will be accompanied by different side-effects e.g. if pertussis is followed by measles or vice-versa, if BCG gives a beneficial effect to be followed by pertussis, if vaccines are given in combination, etc. Increased disease loading is the inevitable consequence of multiple vaccine or lots of single vaccines or triple vaccines e.g. of asthma, autoimmune disease, etc. It suggests that adherence to the vaccine schedule is the problem – too many vaccines, too quickly.

Vaccines cause an inflammatory response in some e.g. for those with an inadequately developed or artificially lowered immune system, for those genetically predisposed, or perhaps due to viral or bacterial infection. This creates genetic damage and/or dysfunction and hence influences the brain's ability to regulate the physiological systems, and especially to the lymphatic system and its ability to excrete mercury and heavy metals, would lead to long-term damage and problems processing sensory/cognitive input. This would inevitably affect the brain's ability to maintain a regulated temperature below that which affects brain damage (41° C). This inevitably influences the autonomic nervous system and the stability of all related physiological systems including temperature, blood pressure, blood cell content, blood glucose, digestion, excretion, sleeping, etc.

Further evidence of multi-level dysfunction is evident from unusual brain-wave stability, aberrant sleep patterns, loss of sense perception and coordination, mirror neuron dysfunction, lower pain thresholds, mental and physical deterioration, short periods of concentration, etc. That it is a problem of systemic dysfunction is further supported by noting how it can be treated using sensory therapies which may facilitate the re-establishment of some degree of physiological stability.

Where is the proof that vaccines are safe? The argument has never been that they are completely safe but that the consequences are less than having the disease. Now it is illustrated that the consequences of intensive vaccination schedules pose a greater risk than could ever have been imagined. This leads to the evolution of new viral strains, an unsurprising development when the environment to which it is exposed is being altered by new proteins, structural variants and altered DNA.

[marketingcomcaio]

O Que é Mel Orgânico? Benefícios e Diferenças

O mel é um dos produtos naturais mais apreciados e valorizados desde os tempos antigos, cerca de 5.500 anos atrás. A maioria da população antiga, incluindo os gregos, chineses, egípcios, romanos, maias e babilônios, consumia mel para fins nutricionais e medicinais.

Ele é consumido não apenas como um produto nutricional, um alimento, mas também para a saúde até como tratamento alternativo que varia desde a cicatrização de feridas, dores de garganta até o tratamento do câncer.

O mel é um produto natural formado a partir do néctar das flores pelas abelhas (Apis melífera; família: Apiade). Trata-se do único produto natural derivado de insetos e tem propriedades nutritivas.  Mas afinal, o que é mel orgânico?

O que é mel orgânico

“Orgânico” é um termo usado para descrever a maneira de cultivar ou processar os produtos. Há um conjunto de padrões e condições que devem ser cumpridos para certificar o mel como “orgânico”.

De acordo com a legislação brasileira, a Instrução Normativa nº007, de 17/05/1999 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, para que um produto seja regulamentado como orgânico ele deve seguir algumas normas e ser certificado por uma instituição certificadora de produtos orgânicos no Brasil, mesmo que algumas delas sejam internacionais.

Alguns exemplos de entidades certificadoras são:

ABIO (Associação de Agricultores Biológicos);

APAN (Associação dos Produtores de Agricultura Natural);

COOLMÉIA (COOLMÉIA – Cooperativa Ecológica);

CHÃO VIVO (Associação de Certificação de Produtos Orgânicos do Espírito Santo);

AAO (Associação de Agricultura Orgânica);

FVO (Farm Verified Organic);

ANC (Associação de Agricultura Natural de Campinas e região);

BCS (Bio COntrol System);

IBD (Instituto Biodinâmico);

SAPUCAI (Certificadora Sapucaí);

CMO (Certificadora Mokiti Okada);

IMO (Instituto de Mercado Ecológico);

OIA (Organización Internacional Agropecuaria);

Entre outras.

Para que o mel seja certificado como orgânico, ele deve ser testado para garantir que não contenha resíduos de pesticidas ou poluentes ambientais. A produção do mel orgânico também deve atender a rigorosos e extensos critérios de monitoramento e testes dos órgãos de certificação, como por exemplo, a documentação e consulta em um raio de cinco quilômetros das colmeias orgânicas para garantir que estejam livres de produtos químicos e resíduos.

Ou seja, se nesse raio existir alguma plantação que usa agrotóxicos, por exemplo, a abelha pode levá-lo até a colmeia, e o mel não será mais considerado orgânico. O mesmo acontece com a água, e a colmeia deve estar próxima à água limpa. Há várias normas que devem ser seguidas para que o produto receba o certificado de mel orgânico.

São realizados uma análise regular e testes de amostras do mel. As práticas de apicultura e colmeias devem ser comprovadamente livres de mel não-orgânico, açúcar e antibióticos.

Benefícios do mel orgânico

No mel orgânico, está presente uma variedade de enzimas, como oxidase, invertase, amilase, catalase, etc. No entanto, as principais enzimas do mel são a invertase (sacarase), a diástase (amilase) e a glicose oxidase.

A enzima glicose oxidase produz peróxido de hidrogênio (que fornece propriedades antimicrobianas) juntamente com o ácido glucônico da glicose, que ajuda na absorção de cálcio. A invertase converte a sacarose em frutose e glicose. A dextrina e a maltose são produzidas a partir de longas cadeias de amido pela atividade da enzima amilase. Já a catalase ajuda a produzir oxigênio e água a partir do peróxido de hidrogênio.

Além do papel importante do mel orgânico na medicina tradicional, durante as últimas décadas, ele foi submetido a várias pesquisas laboratoriais e clínicas. A atividade antibacteriana do mel é uma das descobertas mais importantes que foi reconhecida pela primeira vez em 1894 por van Ketel, porém desde o mais antigo sistema de saúde que se tem conhecimento, com cerca de 5 mil anos de história, a Ayurveda, o mel é considerado uma “benção” devido a todos os seus benefícios medicinais.

O mel ajuda no tratamento de indigestão, tosse aguda, doenças da pele (como feridas e queimaduras) e outras doenças relacionadas ao pulmão. De acordo com especialistas em Ayurveda, ele também ajuda a manter os dentes e as gengivas saudáveis.

Além disso, durante as últimas décadas, o mel está sendo gradualmente aceito na medicina moderna. Essa mudança aconteceu devido aos vários benefícios do mel que foram descobertos após pesquisas e investigações laboratoriais rigorosas. De acordo com todas essas pesquisas, veja agora quais são os benefícios do mel orgânico mais notáveis.

O mel orgânico possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias que ajudam a estimular respostas imunes em uma ferida. Estes efeitos anti-inflamatórios do mel em humanos, após a sua ingestão, foram demonstrados através de pesquisas relacionadas aos benefícios medicinais do mel.

Uma das descobertas mais importantes é a de suas propriedades antibacterianas. O mel supostamente tem um impacto inibitório em cerca de 60 tipos de bactérias. Algumas revisões demonstram que o mel diluído pode ser utilizado para tratar infecções do trato urinário, tendo em vista que bactérias específicas causadoras de doenças do trato urinário foram observadas como sensíveis à ação antibacteriana do mel.

Um dos usos mais estudados do mel é a cicatrização de feriadas. O benefício medicinal mais proeminente do mel pode ser testemunhado ao curar feridas, pois ele catalisa o processo de cura e previne os riscos de infecção.

A ingestão de mel também provou ser útil no tratamento de doenças como diarreia, gastroenterite e úlcera péptica.

O mel orgânico pode desempenhar um papel vital no tratamento da dor no peito, fadiga e vertigem. Isto ocorre provavelmente devido ao seu alto teor de energia nutricional, que fornece calorias imediatamente disponíveis após o consumo.

Além do uso do mel no tratamento de doenças, alguns estudos também demonstram que ele é uma fonte alternativa de carboidratos, especialmente para atletas em treinamento de resistência.

Diferença entre mel comum e mel orgânico

Como dito anteriormente, há um conjunto de padrões e condições que devem ser cumpridos para certificar o mel como orgânico, como que as colmeias devem ser colocadas em uma área de vegetação livre de substâncias químicas sintéticas, perto de água limpa. As abelhas precisam de plantas orgânicas e a área deve ser certificadamente orgânica para ser rotulada assim.

As colmeias devem ser feitas de materiais naturais e mantidas livres de pragas. As abelhas não podem receber antibióticos, todos os tratamentos médicos devem ser feitos com produtos naturais, todo o processo de extração do mel precisa ser feito usando materiais orgânicos naturais e nenhum aditivo deve ser adicionado ao mel original.

Regularmente, devem ser feitas múltiplas análises para provar que não há resíduos químicos e nocivos. Todas as vitaminas, nutrientes e enzimas devem estar intactas nesses produtos orgânicos. Durante o inverno as abelhas se alimentam apenas com mel puro.

Em comparação, no caso do mel comum ou mel regular, são usados pesticidas na colheita de campos e florestas, as colmeias são feitas de materiais não orgânicos e muitas vezes são limpas com substâncias tóxicas. O mel extraído é pasteurizado, com aumento do nível de toxinas e aditivos, contém pouco ou nenhum pólen. As abelhas são tratadas com antibióticos e a alimentação durante o inverno é realizada com xarope ou açúcar.

Além disso, todos os benefícios do mel orgânico citados acima não podem ser obtidos através do mel industrializado.

Preste atenção na embalagem para saber se de fato o mel é orgânico e se ele possui as certificações necessárias. Opte por este produto extremamente rico em valores nutricionais e que ajuda a cuidar cuida do meio ambiente e aproveite de todos os benefícios do mel orgânico.

Referências adicionais:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5424551/

https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/81130/1/DOC59.pdf

Você já experimentou o mel orgânico alguma vez? O que achou da lista de benefícios? Pretende incluir em sua dieta por algum motivo específico? Comente abaixo!

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