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essayofthoughts · 1 month ago

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So after much procrastination and reading other books instead, I finally finished Witchcraft: A History in Thirteen Trials by Marion Gibson and... well despite my initial concerns it's not as bad as I feared - it's honestly pretty good! It serves as an interesting look at witch hunts across history and does a pretty good job at showing how the predominant targets of witch hunts are usually society's most vulnerable and/or are threats to structures of power.

And then the conclusion kinda ruins it, imo.

The book gives thirteen examples of witch hunts from the 1400s to the present day, witches both male and female, albeit primarily from America, UK, and Europe, with two detours to Africa (Lesotho, and a broader look at witchcraft accusations throughout Africa), and there are definitely some broad themes in who's accused:

Helena Scheuberin - An outspoken woman

North Berwick Witches - Poor and often isolated women who practiced folk healing.

Vardo Witches - Started with several indigenous Sami women, grew to accuse some Sami men and non-Sami women.

Joan Wright - A woman slighted who was willing to express upset and anger, midwife.

Bess Clarke & the Manningtree Witches - Bess Clarke specifically was both disabled and an unwed mother

Tatabe/Tituba - Indigenous woman and slave

Marie-Catherine Cadiere - Religiously influential

Montague Summers - Gay man with an interest in occultism

John Blymyer - Poor man, separated from his wife, isolated

Nellie Duncan - Poor woman, had an out of wedlock pregnancy

Bereng Lerotholi and Gabashane Masupha - influential, well-regarded black men under colonial power

"Shula" (Witch-hunts throughout Africa and in media) - isolated women and children

Stormy Daniels - A woman in sex work and perceived as a threat to the image of Trump.

As you can probably see, the connecting theme is in essence "threats to patriarchal and/or colonial power structures, and/or the vulnerable". Women who don't fit traditional ideas of womanhood, men who don't fit traditional ideas of masculinity, men who succeed at masculinity but who aren't the right skin-colour, children, and the isolated.

This is the list the book gives of "people most likely to be accused of witchcraft":

Which... isn't wrong! But it also misses entirely the connecting theme, and by prioritising "female" as both first on the list and separate to all other factors it undermines the book's own willingness to point out that men have been accused of witchcraft, and that it's not just "women" it is, by the follow-on criteria and examples given women who fail to fulfil their society's standards of womanhood. Even amongst the men listed, it is also men who, again, fail to fulfil their society's standards of manhood.

And thus, if we're going to elaborate on this to pull it forwards and apply to the current political climate the most likely targets of witch-hunts are not necessarily women.

They are people who fail to fulfil society's expectation of their assigned gender.

TL;DR: by this book's own examples it's not "female" people who have to worry about witch hunts more than most, it is anyone who queers gender.

I also think it's notable that the conclusion sidesteps the way in which women often helped to encourage and even enforce witch hunts. Tituba was accused by several young (white) girls, exerting power the only way patriarchy allowed ... to attack another woman. Women (be they accused witches who were tortured, or women who felt themselves wronged) often served as accusers, and even now with the right wing, women often act as a more "acceptable" face.

There's a fantastic post I first saw reblogged by @tobermoriansass with a concept of a gender ternary (full post here: Faggotization and The Extant Gender Ternary). The thesis is that gender as a societal construct can be more easily defined as "Power, Not-Power, and Faggot-Subaltern". There are the people society grants power to (usually cisgender, ablebodied, neurotypical white men), those who are denied power but allowed a place (often women and other non-Power folk who comply with society), and those who are denied a place in society or are regarded as being outside of this Power/Not-Power society.

Society demands that third place as an example of what can happen to both Power and Not-Power people if they fail to comply. The F-SA category is by it's existence a threat in order to enforce the P-NP dynamic, and, imo it's very much the motivation behind why women participate in the right wing and are transphobic cunts. "You want to be a good woman, don't you? You don't want to be like them." It is, by it's nature, a threat to hold over all participants, to hold them to gender standards lest they fail and thus be excluded from even the Not-Power part of the society. The post argues similarly - to quote:

Moreover, to Be Transgender or Gender Subaltern is not something that one is. Rather it is something that someone has done to them. [...] I contend that rather, Transgender-Identity-By-Way-Of-The-Subaltern-Gender-Class is not only legible to gender hegemony, but necessary and intrinsic to its structure. It is not that Patriarchy demands that transgender people stop existing. Rather the opposite, on some level: patriarchy manufactures subaltern status, and in fact, requires the existence of subaltern gender class in service of policing and maintaining the coherence of the entire gender hegemony, and especially, the coherence of the Legitimate Genders, I.E. Power and Not-Power. It is not even that "despite this, Gender Hegemony punishes Gender Subaltern Status with violence and material subjugation." Rather, Gender Subaltern Status is the punishment - it is a punitive policing measure, which is held over the heads of all participants (willing or unwilling) of the Gender Hegemony, as a failure-state wherein subjects who Do Not Comply or who Cannot Comply with the bounds of the Legitimate Genders (again, Power and Not-Power) are sent upon said failure. Gender Subaltern Status must be punished and done-violence-to, as that is the nature of its existence, which is to be the gender-space wherein specific kinds of punitive violence are done. As such, even as Gender Subalterns are punished, so their existence is necessary to the preservation and continuation of the Gender Hegemony.

(honestly, go read the whole post, it is DEEPLY worth it)

This is all to say - the book is good enough. It's a very good history book and it's pretty well written! Which makes sense - the author is a Professor in Renaissance and Magical Literatures, history and writing are literally her focus. But I think it could have done with a dash more sociology and/or anthropology to take her conclusion further and to... well. Be more accurate to the evidence she'd previously provided, honestly!

I can understand why she might want to skip wading into a discussion of gender. Given the current political climate around trans folks, it makes sense she'd want to skip such a hot button topic... but I personally think it undermines her conclusion a bit.

HOWEVER. I do think its still a good book worth reading. Just that one should think beyond her stated conclusions.

#my meta #living up to my username #gender things #queer things #witch hunts #book club #many thanks to Mike and Lily for looking this over for me

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assignment-service · 3 months ago

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gotxpenny · 14 hours ago

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Surviving Love {vi/lvii}

Emilia McKenna was deemed to be a sweetheart in the eyes of others who met her, but in the eyes of John Brady she was an itch he couldn't scratch. The tension between them was palpable, yet, over time, as they saved each other's lives and saw past the tough exteriors, their respect for one another grew. And despite their initial hatred, an undeniable attraction simmered beneath the surface.

Paring: John Brady x Fem!Oc

Prompt: they hated how much they made the other felt

Word Count: ~3,800

Genre: Frienemies to lovers, SUPERRRR slow burn, mostly fluff but angsty towards the end

Setting: Thorpe Abbotts, UK and the Skies of Bremen

Warnings: mentions of blood, gore, death, language

Note || Hell in the skies...to think that this happened almost 80 years ago is actually heartbreaking. The amount of men that died during WW1 and WW2 is so staggering...Lest We Forget. love les, </3

gotxpenny’s masterlist masters of the air masterlist surviving love masterlist

"Know thy self, know thy enemy. A thousand battles, a thousand victories." – Sun Tzu

━━━━━━━━━━

| JUNE 1943|

THE chill of the early morning air was biting, wrapping around the hangars and stirring in the faint pre-dawn light. Emilia pulled her leather flight jacket tighter around her, squinting at the shadows that moved in the distance. The engines of several B-17 bombers hummed low, a constant reminder of the mission ahead. She wasn't supposed to be on this one—well, not with this crew.

Her eyes trailed to the looming plane assigned to Major Cleven's team, her stomach twisting slightly with unease, "Flying with Cleven's crew, huh?" Maggie appeared beside her, tugging her jacket into place, the hint of a grin on her face despite the tension in the air, "Guess I'm up too, I'm heading out with your Flyboy," Emilia raised an eyebrow, glancing sideways at her friend.

"Why's that make you sound like you're happy about it?"

Maggie smirked, "Maybe I just like a little adventure."

"Adventure?" Emilia muttered though a small smile crept onto her lips, "Is that what they're calling it these days?" as the reality of the mission sunk in, the familiar sense of dread hit Emilia like a punch to the gut.

She'd flown plenty of times by now, and she'd seen more than her fair share of what could go wrong. But this—this mission to Bremen—was different. It was longer. More dangerous. And the fact that she wasn't flying with Brady and his crew only made it worse.

"Don't look so grim, Em," Maggie nudged her shoulder, "You're flying with Cleven, right? He's solid. And we're in the air together, so no getting sentimental on me," Emilia forced a breath, adjusting the straps on her helmet and glancing around. It was true, Cleven had a reputation as one of the best pilots around Thorpe Abbots. But that didn't mean she wanted to be off Brady's crew for this mission.

Brady had a rhythm she was used to. And now, standing here with Cleven's crew, she felt like an outsider, "Right," she mumbled, more to herself than Maggie, "Just another day," but she couldn't help the pang of frustration at the situation.

How had this happened? How had she ended up on a different plane, under a different pilot, for one of the most critical missions yet?

Her mind wandered to John Brady. She could already imagine his reaction when he found out she was flying with Cleven's crew instead of his...probably relieved.

Emilia was already walking toward the towering B-17, her boots crunching on the frosty ground as Cleven's crew milled about, preparing for the flight. Her mind swam with thoughts, mostly of Brady—his reaction when he found out she was flying with Cleven.

She could practically picture the scowl on his face. As she reached the foot of the plane, Major Gale Cleven gave her a nod, his dark eyes assessing, "Ready to go up, McKenna?" he asked, offering a reassuring, if somewhat brisk smile.

Emilia nodded, trying to push away the gnawing feeling in her gut, "Always ready, Major," from the corner of her eye, she saw Maggie exchanging some playful banter with the bombardier. Maggie always had a way of keeping spirits light, but even she couldn't shake the tension that clung to the air.

They were heading into enemy skies—Bremen was going to be rough.

"Let's get this show on the road," Maggie called out, flashing a grin to Emilia, "We've got a date with the flak boys."

Emilia rolled her eyes, suppressing a chuckle, "Yeah, yeah. Save that cockiness for Brady, Mags," Emilia then flung her pack into the belly of the plane and was just about to climb into the plane when she heard that familiar, cocky drawl behind her—low, teasing, and unmistakably Brady.

"Looks like I'm stuck with Carrots over there, huh?"

She turned around, catching sight of him sauntering toward her, his cap tucked under his arm and a glint in his eye that made it hard not to smile, "Maggie's not that bad, Brady. Don't be over-dramatic."

"I mean, she's not you," he said simply, shrugging one shoulder like it was the most obvious thing in the world.

Emilia tilted her head, arching a brow, "What? You gonna miss me, Cowboy?"

"Don't act like you're not gonna miss me either, Sugs."

She snorted, shaking her head as she tossed a roll of bandages into a crate, "Shut your trap, Brady," a beat of silence fell between them—short but heavy, filled with something unsaid.

Then he spoke, quieter this time, "Don't die on me, McKenna. Or I'm gonna find you in hell and kill you myself."

Emilia looked at him, startled by the sudden seriousness, "Don't get sentimental on me."

He gave her that crooked smile again, softer now, "Hey, what can I say? I've got a soft spot for bossy nurses like you."

"I'm the only nurse that bosses people around."

"Exactly my point, Sugs."

"Brady!" Zim's voice rang out across the tarmac, "Quit chatting with your girl and get this bird on the move!"

Brady sighed and called back, "I'm coming!" then turned to her one last time, eyes lingering, "Don't die on me, Sugs."

She gave him a small smile, trying not to let it waver, "Right back at you, Cowboy. Don't kill them with your fancy flying," he chuckled at that and finally turned to jog back toward his plane, leaving her standing there.

Emilia watched him go, her heart tugging unexpectedly. He didn't even deny it, she thought, cheeks warming. Didn't deny she was his girl.

She blushed—just a little. Then shook her head, pulled in a breath, and climbed into the plane, the echo of his words still in her ears.

It was just another day in the sky, Emilia remembered herself.

Hours later, as they soared above the North Sea, Emilia sat tense in her seat, the constant thrum of the engines filling the cramped interior. She was used to the feeling by now—the slight claustrophobia that came from flying in a giant metal fortress, high above the world, always one malfunction or enemy bullet away from disaster.

But still, she felt uneasy. She wasn't with Brady's crew. Cleven was a capable pilot, sure, but she missed the familiarity of the banter, the rhythm of their flights. Brady's gruff commands, Zim's steady confidence—it was like muscle memory at this point.

Emilia pulled out her small pack of supplies, checking over everything for the third time. There wasn't much she could do up here except be ready for whatever hell awaited them over Bremen. She glanced toward one of the waist gunners, who gave her a wink, "No sweating, Doc. We'll be back on the ground soon enough," Emilia shot him a look.

"You're jinxing us," the waist gunner shrugged, but there was a flicker of tension behind his eyes. They both knew that Bremen was going to be one of the toughest missions yet.

Back on The Longshot, the hum of the engines filled the cockpit, that steady, familiar drone that usually grounded Brady in the chaos of the sky. But today, it did little to quiet the noise in his head.

The clouds ahead were scattered, the sun breaking through in streaks of gold, but Brady wasn't looking at them. He was staring through them, jaw tight, hands steady on the yoke, flying on muscle memory alone.

Then, without warning, Zim's voice crackled through the intercom, casual as ever, "So, when're you gonna ask her out?"

Brady blinked, the words breaking through his thoughts like a slap of cold air, "I'm sorry, what?"

"McKenna. When are you gonna ask her out?"

Brady scoffed, "McKenna? Ask her out? In whose right mind would think I'd do that?"

Zim laughed under his breath, "Oh c'mon, John, don't be a bitch. Ask the lady out. I can clearly tell there's something between the two of you."

Brady didn't reply. His hands tightened on the controls, eyes fixed ahead, "There is nothing between us."

"The way you guys act around each other says otherwise."

Brady gritted his teeth, "And how do we act around each other, huh, Zim?"

"You both bitch and moan like an old married couple for fuck's sake," Zim said, and Brady didn't have a comeback for that. He went quiet, and Zim knew he'd struck a nerve, "But it's more than that. It's the way you think about her in every situation. Every little thing reminds you of her."

"She's part of our crew," Brady muttered, his voice lower now.

"Sure she is," Zim said knowingly, "Ever since that day she walked through those doors to give us our first briefing, you haven't been able to shut up about her."

The silence that followed was different now. Heavier.

Brady exhaled slowly through his nose, "Let's just focus on the mission, hm?"

"Sure, sure," Zim said with a shrug in his voice. Then after a beat, quieter, but pointed, "Just don't wait too long...or you might lose her or worse yourself."

Brady didn't say anything. Just kept flying. But his grip on the yoke? Tighter than it had been a minute ago.

| JUNE 1943 |

THE hum of the engines was constant, almost deafening, as Emilia leaned against the cold metal wall of the B-17, glancing around at the crew. She could feel the tension in the air—the kind of tightness that settled deep in the pit of your stomach before a storm. This crew, Cleven's crew, was jittery. Not that she blamed them. Bremen was a hell of a target—deep in enemy territory, and the rumours of intense anti-aircraft fire had spread across Thorpe Abbots like wildfire.

She shifted in her seat, scanning the men as they ran through their final checks. The waist gunners were talking quietly to each other, nerves thinly veiled beneath strained smiles. The bombardier, Hambone who was transferred with Emilia, was hunched over his station, muttering something to the navigator, probably some last-minute discussion about the bombing run. And Cleven, up in the cockpit, was all business with Curt Biddick.

Emilia caught one of the waist gunners—Conroy—stealing glances at her from across the plane, his hands trembling slightly as he loaded his ammo belt. He was young, probably too young, and he'd yet to see real combat like some of the others.

She pulled herself away from the wall and crossed over to him, "Hey, Conroy," she said softly, kneeling beside him, "You okay?"

Conroy blinked, looking startled, before nodding a little too quickly, "Yeah. Yeah, I'm fine, Doc."

Emilia gave him a reassuring smile, her voice calm despite the tension in her gut, "You're gonna be alright. We all are. It's just another mission. Stick to your training, keep your head down, and listen for orders. You've got this."

He swallowed hard, his Adam's apple bobbing, but he nodded again, the edge of fear still lingering in his eyes, "Thanks, Doc," Emilia squeezed his arm before standing, making her way back toward the middle of the plane.

As much as she wanted to believe her own words, she couldn't shake the sinking feeling in her chest. But she had to be steady—had to be their rock. If she let her fear show, it would only make theirs worse.

She glanced out one of the narrow windows, the distant coast of Europe now visible, a thin sliver of land against the vast expanse of ocean. Soon, they'd be flying over Germany, and that meant one thing: flak.

And not long after, the first burst of flak exploded to their left, jolting the plane. Emilia steadied herself, gripping the metal frame of the plane as she exchanged glances with Buck's crew. The mood shifted immediately—the nervous chatter silenced, replaced by the cold, steely focus that only came when you were minutes away from entering enemy fire.

"Flak at nine o'clock," someone called out over the intercom, his voice tight, "Stay sharp."

Emilia felt her pulse quicken as the plane jerked slightly again, more flak bursts appearing outside, like dark, ominous fireworks in the sky. She could hear Cleven's calm voice over the intercom, issuing commands, keeping the plane steady as they pressed forward into the thick of it.

"Hold on tight," Emilia murmured to herself, steadying her breath.

And then it started.

The Nazi anti-aircraft fire intensified, filling the skies around them with deadly black clouds. The B-17 shook violently as more flak bursts exploded nearby, sending shards of metal and debris rattling against the fuselage. Emilia could hear the muffled curses of the crew over the intercom, the tense, clipped voices of men who knew they were flying into hell.

"Jesus, Mary, and Joseph!" Conroy shouted from his waist gun position, his voice high-pitched and cracking as the flak intensified around them. He opened fire at the distant silhouettes of German fighters, though Emilia could barely see them through the haze.

The plane jolted hard, a sickening metal-on-metal screech echoing through the interior as something exploded near the left wing. Emilia was thrown forward, her shoulder slamming into the metal wall with a grunt. She steadied herself, quickly checking her med kit.

"We're still flying," Cleven's voice came over the intercom, though Emilia could hear the strain behind it, "Keep it together."

Just as Emilia was about to move toward Conroy to check on him, there was a deafening bang from the rear of the plane. She whipped her head around, her heart skipping a beat.

One of the waist gunners—Davis—had been hit.

The impact was instant, and she didn't even hear him cry out. One moment, Davis was manning his gun, firing into the sky. The next, he was on the floor, crumpled in a heap, his lifeless body partially obscured by the smoke and debris that filled the air.

Emilia froze, her mind going blank. No.

For a split second, everything around her vanished—the roar of the engines, the shouts of the crew, the flak bursts outside. All she could see was Davis, lying there, unmoving. Blood pooled beneath him, staining the cold, unforgiving metal beneath his body. Her breath caught in her throat.

"Doc!" someone shouted, "Doc!" the call snapped her back to reality. Her instincts kicked in. She was moving before she even registered it, dropping to her knees beside Davis. But one look told her everything she needed to know.

He was gone. There was nothing she could do.

She swallowed the lump in her throat, the taste of bile rising, but forced herself to move. Others still needed her. She couldn't freeze up—not now.

But before she could get to her feet, another violent jolt rocked the plane. This time, something sharp sliced through the air, catching Emilia across her right arm. She hissed in pain, biting down hard as the jagged piece of debris ripped through her jacket, leaving a trail of blood in its wake. She pressed a hand to the wound, her palm quickly becoming slick with blood, but there was no time to stop. No time to think.

"Are you okay?" someone—maybe Conroy—called out from the front.

"I'm fine," she gritted out through clenched teeth, "Focus on maning that gun."

Her arm throbbed, the warm trickle of blood soaking into her flight suit. She tore a strip of fabric from the hem of her undershirt, tying it tightly around the wound. It would hold for now. It had to.

Amidst the chaos, a voice crackled over the intercom—low, panicked. Emilia immediately recognised it as Bosser, the ball turret gunner, "Doc, it's freezing down here," Bosser's voice shook, laced with fear, "My guns are jammed. I can't—move, I can't feel my hands,"Emilia's heart dropped. The ball turret was one of the most dangerous places to be in combat—exposed and isolated, with limited room to maneuver. And if Bosser was freezing up, he was as good as dead.

"I'm on my way!" Emilia shouted, pushing herself up despite the throbbing in her arm. She grabbed a spare blanket from her kit and made her way toward the hatch leading to the ball turret.

Buck's voice broke in, "McKenna, is it safe for you to go down there?"

Emilia's jaw clenched as she wrestled with the latch, "He's freezing. I can't leave him," Cleven didn't argue. She pulled open the hatch and crawled into the narrow space, her breath catching in her throat at the sight of Bosser. He was pale, his fingers stiff as he fumbled with the jammed guns, his breath coming in rapid gasps that fogged the cold glass around him, "Bosser," she called, her voice steady, "You're gonna be alright. Hold on."

She squeezed into the turret with him, wrapping the blanket around his trembling shoulders. His lips were turning blue, and she could see the fear in his eyes, "I'm sorry, Doc," he rasped, barely able to speak, "I can't feel anything."

"You don't need to feel anything right now," she said firmly, moving his frozen hands off the guns, "Just focus on staying warm," the temperature in the turret was brutally cold, even with the engines running, and Emilia could feel her own body starting to shiver.

She pulled the blanket tighter around Bosser, her good arm working quickly to rub his shoulders, trying to restore some warmth, "Stay with me, Bosser. We're gonna make it," the plane rocked violently again, more flak rattling against the fuselage. Emilia gritted her teeth, refusing to let the fear creeping up her spine take hold. She could see the distant glint of German fighters outside, but she couldn't afford to think about that now. Bosser needed her, "Just hang on," Emilia whispered, her voice barely audible over the chaos. She wasn't sure if she was talking to Bosser or herself anymore.

Bosser's shivering began to slow, his breathing becoming more regular, "Thanks, Doc," he murmured weakly, his eyes half-closed.

"Don't thank me yet," she said, her voice tight, "We're not out of this," but even as she said it, she couldn't help but glance out at the dark clouds of flak still filling the sky.

The plane lurched as another distant explosion shook the formation, but this time, the sounds of the bombing halted abruptly. For a brief moment, the world outside the B-17 seemed eerily silent, as if the air itself was holding its breath.

Buck's voice crackled through the intercom, "Pilot to crew. Mission scrubbed. Repeat, mission scrubbed," there was a collective pause. Emilia could almost feel the tension lift slightly, the crew exchanging glances.

And then—the flak stopped. The Germans had pulled back their fire. Silence stilled through the entire plane until Curt Biddick's voice broke the silence, "Flak stopped," they all knew what was coming next, "You know what that means, boys," Curt muttered under his breath from the co-piolt's seat, his voice tight with the unspoken knowledge of what was coming next. The silence outside wasn't a sign of peace. No, it was the prelude to something much worse.

German fighters.

"Okay," Cleven's voice cut through, cool and commanding as always, "Get ready, boys," Emilia could hear the shift in tone over the intercom.

The waist gunners checked their weapons. Conroy's breathing picked up, his gloved hands trembling slightly as he adjusted his grip on the gun. The tension was palpable again, thick in the air, as they all braced for what was to come.

"Roger that, Major," Conroy responded, his voice steady despite the nerves undoubtedly running through him.

Cleven's focus was absolute as he took control, "Command pilot to tail. What do you see back there?"

The intercom crackled, and the tail gunner's voice came through, strained, "I can't get a read on the 349th. They're still way back. Looks like they're struggling to keep up,"Emilia winced, her body pressed up against the freezing metal of the ball turret where she was still keeping Bosser warm. The cold bit through the layers of her uniform, but she stayed with him, her hand gripping his shoulder as the tension inside the plane mounted.

As the plane stayed silent, Emilia waited for the worst, "Welcome to hell."

Minutes later, the sky outside erupted into chaos once again. The familiar screech of German fighter planes diving toward their formation filled the air. Emilia's heart raced as the first tracers lit up the sky, bright streaks of light zipping past the windows as the waist gunners opened fire.

"Incoming! Fighters at three o'clock!" Reed shouted, his voice cracking with urgency.

The plane rattled as Cleven swerved to avoid the incoming barrage of fire. Emilia pressed her back against the turret wall, her head spinning as the chaotic roar of machine guns and engines reverberated through the metal. The B-17 shook violently as rounds pinged off the fuselage, the metallic clinks mixing with the steady hum of the engines.

"Get 'em off us!" Cleven ordered his voice tight with frustration.

"I'm trying!" the tail gunner called out, the rapid bursts of machine-gun fire echoing through the plane. The Germans were relentless, diving in and out of the formation with terrifying precision.

Emilia focused on keeping Bosser warm, but her eyes flicked to Conroy as he squeezed off another burst from his waist gun, his face pale but determined.

A deafening explosion rocked the plane. Emilia was thrown forward, her head slamming against the cold metal of the turret. She bit down a cry, her vision blurring as she tried to focus. Another hit—directly at the waist of the plane, "Conroy!" Bosser's voice was a scream now, raw with terror.

Emilia turned just in time to see Conroy slump over, his body crumpling like a ragdoll as a round tore through him. The sight froze her in place, her breath catching in her throat.

For a long moment, she couldn't move. Couldn't think. The blood pooled around his body, seeping into the cracks of the floor. She stared, her mind blank. Her hands shook, the fear and horror of what she'd just witnessed settling like ice in her veins, "Doc, Doc!" someone called again, pulling her back from the edge.

She snapped into motion, her body moving on autopilot as she stumbled over to Conroy. She checked his pulse in hopes of something and there it was—a pulse. It was weak but he was still alive. Immediately Emilia dug through her kit for her necessities, she grabbed the gauze and put pressure on the wound. Conroy groaned in pain which was a good sign for Emilia, he was still responsive.

The sky outside was still a hellscape of flak and enemy fire, but the German fighters had finally broken off, retreating into the clouds. The B-17 was limping, but it was still in the air. Emilia leaned back against the cold metal, her body trembling with exhaustion and pain, once Conroy's bleeding stopped and she gave him some antibiotics. Her arm throbbed where the shrapnel had torn through her skin, and her hands were sticky with blood—some of it Conroy's, most of it not.

"Mission scrubbed," Cleven's voice came over the intercom again, this time quieter, heavier, "We're heading home."

Emilia let out a long, shaky breath, her head falling back against the wall. She could still hear the steady hum of the engines, but the adrenaline was wearing off, leaving only the cold and the weight of what had just happened.

Davis was gone. Conroy was unstable. Bosser was barely hanging on. And she was still here.

"Just hold on, boys," she whispered, closing her eyes for just a moment, "We'll get you home."

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matthewcahill · 2 years ago

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Expand your skillset and provide more effective treatments for clients with Solution Focused Hypnotherapy trainingcourses available throughout Sussex and beyond.

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The Benefits of Learning Solution Focused Techniques

Increase client satisfaction by helping them achieve tangible results quickly.

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Students who complete courses at IHT Sussex praise the curriculum and support provided by instructors like Faith, highlighting the transformative power of hypnosis training for personal growth and professional development.

Positive Experiences During Training

Hypnotherapy students appreciate the comprehensive course material covering Ericksonian techniques, solution-focused approaches, cognitive behavioural therapy integration, and NLP principles.

Students also emphasise the supportive and approachable instructors like Richard, who provide personalised attention and guidance.

Impact on Hypnotherapy Careers

Completing a course with IHT Sussex opens doors to rewarding career opportunities in hypnotherapy, with graduates establishing thriving practices or integrating hypnotism into existing healthcare professions.

Graduates report feeling confident implementing what they've learned immediately upon completing their courses, a testament to the quality of education provided by Inspiraology.

The hypnotherapy community offers ongoing support and networking opportunities for graduates through associations or online forums.

Inspiring Personal Growth Alongside Professional Development

Learners undergo considerable self-development throughout their tenure at IHT Sussex, with hypnosis prompting higher cognizance and elevated mental health.

Many participants find they're better equipped to manage stressors in their lives after completing a course in hypnotherapy training.

Pursuing an education with IHT Sussex is a truly rewarding experience for those looking to embark on a fulfilling journey within the field of hypnosis.

FAQs in Relation to Hypnotherapy Training Sussex

What is the best accreditation for hypnotherapy?

The National Council for Hypnotherapy (NCH), General Hypnotherapy Register (GHR), and British Hypnosis Research are reputable organisations that provide the best accreditation for hypnotherapy.

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Hypnotherapist earnings vary depending on factors like location, experience, specialisation, and clientele, with some successful private practice owners reporting annual incomes exceeding £60k.

Is there a demand for hypnotherapists?

Yes, there is a growing demand for skilled hypnotherapists as public awareness increases regarding mental health issues and alternative treatments, with many people seeking help for anxiety management, weight loss support, or quitting smoking through non-invasive methods like clinical hypnotherapy.

Conclusion

Looking to expand your hypnotherapy skills? Hypnotherapy Training Sussex has got you covered with options for all schedules and learning styles, and weekend course.

Inspiraology’s techniques have made a huge impact in the field, helping students overcome anxiety and boost self-confidence, with graduates raving about the curriculum and supportive mentors.

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georgeshutcheson · 2 years ago

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Umbrella v PAYE: Which is Better

New Post has been published on https://www.fastaccountant.co.uk/umbrella-v-paye-which-is-better/

Umbrella v PAYE: Which is Better

Umbrella v PAYE, which is better? When it comes to choosing between an umbrella company or agency PAYE, understanding the pros and cons of each option is essential. PAYE, or Pay As You Earn, is a tax system in the UK where taxes are deducted directly from your salary and paid to HM Revenue and Customs. On the other hand, an umbrella company is a service that acts as an employer for contractors and freelancers, handling their taxes and administration. In this article, we will explore the differences between PAYE and an umbrella company, helping you make an informed decision that suits your specific needs and circumstances.

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Overview of Umbrella v PAYE

When it comes to employment and tax arrangements in the UK, two common terms you may come across are Umbrella Company and agency PAYE . Understanding the differences between difference between umbrella and agency PAYE is essential to making an informed decision about your employment status and tax obligations. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Umbrella v PAYE, highlighting their definitions, key differences, benefits, drawbacks, eligibility criteria, and how they work in practice. By the end of this article, you will have a clearer understanding of which option best suits your needs and preferences.

Definition of PAYE

PAYE, or Pay As You Earn, is a method of income tax and National Insurance contributions (NICs) deduction employed by employers in the UK. Under the PAYE system, employers deduct income tax and NICs from their employees’ salaries before paying them. These deductions are then remitted to HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) on behalf of the employees. The amount of tax and NICs deducted depends on various factors, such as the employee’s income, tax code, and tax band. The PAYE system ensures that employees meet their tax obligations throughout the year, rather than paying a lump sum at the end.

Definition of Umbrella Company

An Umbrella Company, on the other hand, is a third-party entity that acts as an employer for contractors and freelancers temporarily engaged in work assignments. In this arrangement, the contractor or freelancer becomes an employee of the umbrella company, which handles their payroll, tax deductions, and payment processing. The umbrella company enters into a contractual relationship with both the contractor and the client or agency they are working for. The contractor receives their income as an employee of the umbrella company while remaining responsible for providing their services to the client or agency.

Key differences between PAYE and Umbrella Company

While both PAYE and Umbrella Company involve employment and payment structures, there are some distinct differences between the two:

PAYE is commonly used for permanent and full-time employees, whereas Umbrella Companies are often utilized by temporary workers, contractors, and freelancers.

Under PAYE, the employer deducts taxes from the employee’s salary and remits them to HMRC. In an Umbrella Company arrangement, the umbrella company handles all tax deductions and payments on behalf of the contractor or freelancer.

PAYE offers stability and security of employment, along with employee rights and protections. Umbrella Companies provide greater flexibility and control over one’s work arrangements, along with potential access to higher take-home pay.

PAYE does not usually allow for expense claims, while Umbrella Companies often provide the option to claim legitimate business expenses.

tax calculations under PAYE are relatively straightforward as they are based on the employee’s tax code and tax bands. On the other hand, tax calculations in an Umbrella Company can be more complex due to factors like additional income, expenses, and tax planning opportunities.

Now that we have a better understanding of the definitions and key differences between PAYE and Umbrella Company, let’s delve into the benefits and drawbacks of each option.

Benefits of PAYE

Stability and security of employment

One of the significant advantages of being on PAYE is the stability and security of employment it provides. As a permanent and full-time employee, you typically enjoy more job security compared to contractors or freelancers. You have the assurance of a regular salary, employee benefits, and potential progression within the company. This stability can be comforting, particularly for those who prefer a consistent working environment and fewer uncertainties.

Employee rights and protections

Another key benefit of being on PAYE is the array of employee rights and protections that come with it. As an employee, you are entitled to various legal rights, such as the right to a minimum wage, paid holidays, sick pay, and parental leave. You are also protected by laws against unfair dismissal and workplace discrimination. These protections offer peace of mind and ensure that you are treated fairly throughout your employment.

Access to employee benefits

Working on PAYE also grants you access to a range of employee benefits provided by your employer. These benefits can include pension schemes, healthcare plans, life insurance, and other perks that enhance your overall employment package. These benefits not only contribute to your financial well-being but can also improve your work-life balance and overall job satisfaction.

Simple and straightforward tax calculations

For many individuals, one of the advantages of PAYE is the simplicity and predictability of tax calculations. With PAYE, your income tax and NICs are deducted automatically by your employer based on your tax code and tax band. This means you don’t have to worry about setting aside money for tax payments, as it is taken care of before you receive your salary. You can have peace of mind knowing that your tax obligations are met consistently throughout the year.

Drawbacks of PAYE

Limited flexibility and control

While PAYE offers stability and security, it comes with limited flexibility and control over your work arrangements. As a permanent employee, you are often subject to fixed working hours, specific job roles, and the direction of your employer. This lack of flexibility can be a drawback for individuals who prefer more autonomy and flexibility in their work schedules or who want to pursue other ventures alongside their employment.

Lack of independence

Under PAYE, you work as an employee of an organization, which means you are not your own boss. Your employer defines your job responsibilities, working conditions, and overall direction. This lack of independence can be a drawback for those who prefer to have more control over their work, decision-making, and career path.

Limited tax planning opportunities

One of the drawbacks of PAYE is limited tax planning opportunities. Because your income tax is deducted automatically by your employer based on your tax code and tax bands, you have little scope to optimize or reduce your tax liability. This can be a disadvantage if you have complex financial circumstances or if you want to take advantage of tax-saving strategies.

Potential for higher tax deductions

Under PAYE, your income tax and NICs are deducted by your employer based on your salary and other relevant factors. While this ensures consistency and ease of tax compliance, it can also result in potential higher tax deductions. Depending on your income level, tax code, and other individual circumstances, you may find that a significant portion of your salary goes towards tax payments. This can affect your take-home pay and overall financial situation.

Now that we have explored the benefits and drawbacks of PAYE, let’s look at the benefits of opting for an Umbrella Company.

Benefits of Umbrella Company

Greater flexibility and control

One of the primary benefits of working through an Umbrella Company is the greater flexibility and control it offers. As a contractor or freelancer employed by an umbrella company, you have more autonomy over your working hours, assignments, and overall work-life balance. You can choose the projects you want to take on, negotiate your rates, and have more control over your work arrangements.

Access to higher take-home pay

For many contractors and freelancers, the ability to access higher take-home pay is a significant advantage of working through an Umbrella Company. While this may depend on various factors, such as your income level, expenses, and client rates, an Umbrella Company can often help you maximize your earnings. By allowing you to claim legitimate business expenses and providing efficient income tax calculations, an Umbrella Company can help you retain more of your income.

Ability to claim expenses

Unlike PAYE, Umbrella Companies provide the option to claim legitimate business expenses. As an employee of an Umbrella Company, you can submit expense claims for costs incurred while carrying out your work assignments. These expenses can include travel expenses, equipment, training, and other necessary business expenditures. Claiming expenses can help reduce your taxable income, thereby decreasing your overall tax liability and increasing your take-home pay.

Professional support and administration

Working through an Umbrella Company means you have access to professional support and administration services. The Umbrella Company takes care of your payroll, tax calculations, and payments, ensuring accuracy and compliance with HMRC regulations. This can relieve you of administrative burdens, allowing you to focus on your work without the hassle of managing your finances or dealing with tax-related paperwork.

While there are several benefits to an Umbrella Company, it’s important to consider the potential drawbacks as well.

Drawbacks of Umbrella Company

Costs and fees

One of the significant drawbacks of working through an Umbrella Company is the costs and fees involved. Umbrella Companies usually charge a fee for their services, which can vary depending on the provider and the level of support required. Additionally, there may be other costs, such as administration fees, insurance premiums, and other associated expenses. It’s essential to factor in these costs when considering an Umbrella Company arrangement.

Complexity of tax calculations

While an Umbrella Company offers the advantage of higher take-home pay, the tax calculations involved can be more complex than under PAYE. Factors such as additional income streams, expense claims, and potential tax planning opportunities can introduce complexities to tax computations. It requires a thorough understanding of HMRC regulations and tax legislation to ensure accurate tax calculations and compliance.

Limited employment rights

As a contractor or freelancer working through an Umbrella Company, you are not considered an employee of the client or agency you are contracted to. This means you may have limited employment rights and protections compared to permanent employees. While Umbrella Companies provide certain benefits, such as access to employee benefits and professional support, it’s important to understand the differences in employment rights between being an employee and working through an umbrella arrangement.

Admin burden

Working through an Umbrella Company often means taking on additional administrative responsibilities. You may be required to submit timesheets, expense claims, and other paperwork to ensure accurate payment and tax compliance. This administrative burden can be time-consuming and may require organized record-keeping and attention to detail.

Now that we have examined the benefits and drawbacks of Umbrella v PAYE, let’s explore who is eligible for each option.

Who is eligible for PAYE?

PAYE is commonly used for various types of employees in the UK. Here are some categories of individuals who are eligible for PAYE:

Permanent and full-time employees

Permanent and full-time employees are typically eligible for PAYE arrangements. These individuals work for a specific employer on an ongoing basis and earn a regular salary. PAYE ensures that income tax and NICs are deducted from their salaries and remitted to HMRC.

Part-time and temporary employees

Part-time and temporary employees also fall within the scope of PAYE. These individuals work on a fixed-term or casual basis and receive wages from an employer. Their income tax and NICs are deducted through PAYE, ensuring compliance with tax obligations.

Contractors and freelancers working via an agency

Contractors and freelancers who work through an agency as temporary employees are eligible for PAYE. In these cases, the agency acts as their employer and manages their payroll, including tax deductions.

Now, let’s explore who could benefit from an Umbrella Company arrangement.

Who could benefit from Umbrella Company?

While PAYE is suitable for many types of employees, an Umbrella Company arrangement may be more beneficial for certain individuals. Here are some categories of individuals who could benefit from an Umbrella Company:

Contractors and freelancers

Contractors and freelancers, particularly those engaged in short-term projects or multiple assignments, can benefit from an Umbrella Company. Working through an Umbrella Company provides flexibility, administrative support, and potential access to higher take-home pay.

Temporary workers

Temporary workers who prefer the flexibility of short-term assignments and the ability to claim expenses can find value in an Umbrella Company arrangement. It offers the convenience of managing payroll, tax deductions, and other financial aspects while ensuring compliance with HMRC regulations.

Individuals working on short-term projects

Individuals working on short-term projects, such as consultants or project-based professionals, can benefit from the flexibility and administrative support provided by an Umbrella Company. This arrangement allows them to focus on their projects while minimizing the administrative burdens associated with self-employment.

Now that we have explored the eligibility criteria and potential beneficiaries of PAYE and Umbrella Company, let’s dive deeper into how each option works in practice.

How PAYE works

Employer deducts taxes from salary

Under PAYE, the employer is responsible for deducting income tax and NICs from the employee’s salary before paying them. The employer uses the employee’s tax code provided by HMRC to calculate the appropriate amount of tax to deduct. This ensures that the employee’s tax obligations are met throughout the year.

Tax codes and tax bands

Tax codes play a crucial role in the PAYE system. HMRC issues tax codes to individuals, which determine how much income tax should be deducted from their salaries. Tax codes are based on various factors, including personal allowances, tax reliefs, and pension contributions.

Tax bands are another important aspect of the PAYE system. Different tax bands correspond to different income ranges, and each band has a specific income tax rate. The employer uses the employee’s tax code and tax bands to calculate the appropriate amount of tax to deduct.

National Insurance contributions

In addition to income tax, PAYE includes deductions for National Insurance contributions (NICs). These contributions contribute to the funding of various state benefits, such as the State Pension and healthcare services. The employer deducts the employee’s NICs alongside income tax and remits them to HMRC.

Benefits and deductions

PAYE also accounts for various benefits and deductions that may affect an employee’s tax liability. Some common benefits include company cars, medical insurance, and workplace pensions. These benefits are often subject to tax, and their value is considered when calculating an employee’s tax liability.

Deductions, such as student loan repayments and charitable donations, can also impact an employee’s tax liability. These deductions are subtracted from an employee’s taxable income, reducing the amount of income tax they owe.

Now, let’s explore how an Umbrella Company works.

How Umbrella Company works

Contractual relationship between individual, agency, and umbrella company

In an Umbrella Company arrangement, there is a contractual relationship among three parties: the individual contractor or freelancer, the agency they work for, and the Umbrella Company itself. The individual provides their services to the agency, which engages the Umbrella Company to handle payroll and related administrative tasks.

Payslip breakdown

As an employee of an Umbrella Company, you receive a payslip that outlines the breakdown of your income and deductions. The payslip typically includes your gross income, tax deductions, National Insurance contributions, and any other deductions, such as pension contributions or employer’s fees. This breakdown provides transparency and clarity regarding your income, taxes, and other financial aspects.

Expense claims and reimbursements

One of the advantages of working through an Umbrella Company is the ability to claim legitimate business expenses. You can submit expense claims for costs incurred while carrying out your work assignments, such as travel expenses, equipment, and training expenses. The Umbrella Company evaluates these claims for their legitimacy and, if approved, reimburses you for the expenses. Claiming expenses can help reduce your taxable income and increase your take-home pay, but it is essential to adhere to HMRC guidelines and ensure the expenses are genuinely business-related.

Umbrella company’s role in tax compliance

The Umbrella Company plays a vital role in ensuring tax compliance on behalf of the contractor or freelancer. The company handles payroll calculations, income tax deductions, and remittances to HMRC. They are responsible for ensuring that accurate tax calculations are made, taking into account factors such as income, expenses, and other deductions. The Umbrella Company also addresses any tax queries or concerns, keeping the contractor or freelancer informed and compliant with tax regulations.

Now that we understand how both PAYE and Umbrella Company work, let’s consider the factors to consider when choosing between the two options.

Factors to consider when choosing between PAYE and Umbrella Company

Choosing between PAYE and an Umbrella Company involves various considerations. Here are some factors to keep in mind:

Job security and stability

If job security and stability are important to you, PAYE may be the better option. Being a permanent employee offers a consistent income, access to benefits, and potential growth within a company. On the other hand, if you value the flexibility and control that comes with an Umbrella Company, you may be willing to forego the stability of permanent employment.

Personal preferences for control and flexibility

Consider your personal preferences for control and flexibility when deciding between PAYE and an Umbrella Company. If you prefer having autonomy over your work arrangements, such as choosing projects and setting your working hours, an Umbrella Company may be the better fit. However, if you are comfortable with a more structured employment setting and prefer to have your employer handle administrative tasks, PAYE might be more suitable.

Desire for tax planning and optimization

If you have complex financial circumstances or desire more control over your tax planning and optimization, an Umbrella Company could provide a more advantageous platform. With access to expense claims and potential tax planning opportunities, you may be able to reduce your tax liability and maximize your take-home pay. In contrast, PAYE provides limited tax planning options as your employer handles tax deductions based on your tax code and tax bands.

Financial considerations

Finally, consider your financial situation when choosing between PAYE and an Umbrella Company. Umbrella Companies charge fees for their services, and you may need to consider such costs when comparing the potential benefits against increased take-home pay. Additionally, evaluate your long-term financial goals and how each option aligns with them, considering factors such as retirement planning, mortgage applications, and credit applications.

By considering these factors and weighing the benefits and drawbacks of PAYE and Umbrella Company, you can make an informed decision that suits your unique circumstances and preferences.

In conclusion, both PAYE and Umbrella Company have their respective pros and cons. PAYE provides stability, employment rights, and straightforward tax calculations, while an Umbrella Company offers flexibility, higher take-home pay, and the ability to claim legitimate expenses. The decision between umbrella company vs PAYE depends on your personal preferences, financial goals, and work arrangements. Whether you choose to go down the path of PAYE or opt for an Umbrella Company, it’s essential to understand the implications and ensure compliance with relevant tax regulations. With this knowledge, you can make an informed choice that aligns with your professional aspirations and financial well-being.

FAQ: Understanding Umbrella v PAYE

Q: Is Umbrella Better Than PAYE?

A: The choice between an umbrella company and PAYE (Pay As You Earn) depends on individual circumstances. Umbrella companies can offer additional benefits like handling administrative tasks and providing a continuous employment record, which can be advantageous for short-term contractors. In contrast, PAYE is typically more straightforward and may be preferred by those seeking direct employment with a single employer. Consider your personal employment situation, financial goals, and preferences when deciding.

Q: Is PAYE the Same as Umbrella?

A: No, PAYE and umbrella companies are not the same. PAYE is a system where tax and National Insurance contributions are deducted from your salary by your employer. On the other hand, an umbrella company acts as an employer to agency contractors and freelancers. While the umbrella company also uses the PAYE system to process payments, it differs in that it includes additional services like managing administrative tasks and sometimes offering benefits.

Q: Do You Pay Less Tax with an Umbrella Company?

A: Generally, you do not pay less tax with an umbrella company compared to being directly employed under PAYE. Both systems operate under the same UK tax laws and guidelines. The main difference lies in how the payments are processed and the provision of additional services like administration and insurance that an umbrella company might offer. It’s important to understand that tax liability is primarily determined by income level and personal circumstances, not the payment processing method.

Q: What is the Umbrella PAYE Solution?

A: The umbrella PAYE solution is a payroll option where a contractor or freelancer becomes an employee of the umbrella company. The umbrella company then contracts with end clients or agencies. This solution combines the flexibility of contracting with the administrative simplicity of being an employee. The umbrella company manages invoicing, tax, and National Insurance contributions through the PAYE system and may offer additional services like insurance and pension contributions. This solution is often preferred by those seeking a hassle-free contracting experience.

For more detailed advice tailored to your specific situation, it’s advisable to consult with a tax professional or financial advisor.

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classicquid · 2 years ago

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accounting-services-seo · 14 hours ago

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How IB Tutoring Prepares Students for Top Global Universities

The International Baccalaureate (IB) is not just another high school diploma—it’s a launchpad to the world’s best universities. Its holistic and rigorous structure is designed to develop students into well-rounded, critical thinkers who can thrive in competitive academic environments.

But excelling in IB—and leveraging it for university admissions—requires more than just classroom learning. That’s why more students and families are turning to IB tutoring to help bridge the gap between strong school performance and successful global university admissions.

In this article, we explore how platforms like CourseLeap’s IB Tutoring help students go beyond subject success and prepare strategically for top-tier universities worldwide.

1. Mastery of Academic Skills Needed for University

University success requires a set of core academic skills:

Independent research

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Time and stress management

Analytical and critical thinking

Self-directed learning

The IB promotes these through its curriculum, but IB tutoring reinforces and deepens them, especially through one-on-one mentorship.

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Extended Essay (EE) research and writing

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These are directly transferable to first-year university assignments, seminars, and independent study.

2. Strong IB Scores Matter in Competitive Admissions

Universities like Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, Stanford, and many others give great weight to IB predicted and final scores.

Examples:

Oxford typically requires a 38–40 score, with 6s and 7s in HL subjects.

Ivy League universities value strong EE and TOK performance.

Top Canadian and Singaporean universities use predicted IB scores directly for admission offers.

IB tutoring helps students:

Strategically plan their subject combinations

Improve performance in HL subjects (which carry more weight)

Score higher in IA, EE, and TOK, all of which boost final points

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Choosing the right subjects in IB is crucial—not just for performance, but for aligning with future degree programs.

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IB tutors provide:

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TOK support that develops philosophical reasoning and reflection

CAS planning to help students turn experiences into essays

At CourseLeap, many students use their EE or CAS project to:

Write personal statements

Apply for scholarships

Prepare for Oxbridge and Ivy League interviews

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Many IB tutoring programs (including CourseLeap) now offer university readiness coaching, including:

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Subject-specific interview coaching (esp. for Oxbridge/UK)

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Academic writing and communication coaching

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labmco · 1 day ago

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IT and E commerce, University 1st and 2nd Year (Level 4 and 5)

About the Course – Level 4/5 Diploma in IT and E Commerce Are you ready to build a successful career in the ever-growing digital world? Our IT and e commerce course offers the perfect launchpad. As online shopping expands and technology evolves, professionals with strong skills in IT and e commerce are in high demand. At the London Academy of Business and Management (LABM), we proudly offer a comprehensive online program tailored for future digital leaders. Our Level 4 Diploma in Information Technology and Level 5 Diploma in IT and E Commerce provide 240 credits, equivalent to the first two years of a university degree. This course equips you with real-world skills needed to succeed in today’s fast-paced, technology-driven market. You will study practical subjects, explore current technologies, and develop both technical and managerial skills. Course Structure and Content The IT and e commerce diploma includes two levels of study, each packed with valuable content and practical assignments. Level 4 (First Year Equivalent) 10 In-Depth Modules: These cover web development, database systems, digital marketing, and more essential IT and e commerce topics. 6 Written Assignments: You’ll apply your learning and showcase your knowledge through structured assignments evaluated by experts. Level 5 (Second Year Equivalent) 6 Advanced Modules: These dive deeper into strategic e commerce systems, IT infrastructure, and project management for online platforms. 6 Written Assignments: These assignments strengthen your analytical and practical abilities in key IT and e commerce areas. Each module includes around 40 guided learning hours. You also receive 30–50 hours of optional study materials, including readings, exercises, and digital resources. This flexible structure lets you learn at your pace while staying aligned with university standards. Support and Resources We are committed to your success. Therefore, we offer exceptional academic and technical support throughout your IT and e commerce journey. Tutor Support: Receive one-on-one help from experienced instructors who guide you through assignments and learning challenges. Live Webinars: Participate in interactive sessions with tutors and fellow students to explore complex topics in real time. Social Learning Forum: Collaborate, network, and share insights with peers around the world, creating a vibrant learning environment. Supplementary Materials: Access a library of extra resources to deepen your knowledge and support your academic goals. Visit our Student Resources page to learn more about these benefits and how they support your IT and e commerce education. ELCAS Funding Eligibility Great news for military learners: this IT and e commerce course qualifies for ELCAS funding. This makes your educational path more affordable and accessible. Find out more about how ELCAS can support your career development. University Progression Opportunities Once you complete the IT and e commerce diploma, you can progress to the final year of an undergraduate degree at leading UK universities: Middlesex University University of Derby Southampton Solent University These partnerships offer direct progression to accredited programs in technology and e commerce. Therefore, you can gain your full degree faster and more affordably. Career Advancement This diploma prepares you for various roles in the IT and e commerce sectors. Whether you plan to become an eCommerce manager, IT analyst, or digital strategist, this course gives you the expertise needed to thrive. Employers in retail, tech, logistics, and marketing actively seek graduates with strong IT and e commerce skills. You’ll have the foundation to succeed in nearly any industry using digital platforms. Why Choose LABM? Comprehensive Curriculum: Master essential topics in both IT and e commerce through carefully designed, industry-relevant modules. Flexible Online Learning:

Study from anywhere, anytime, with full access to our virtual learning environment and expert support. Career-Focused Outcomes: Boost your job prospects and open doors to exciting roles or further academic progression. Global Recognition: Earn a diploma accredited by top organizations and accepted by renowned universities across the UK. Enroll Today Don’t wait to start your journey in IT and e commerce. Enroll in our Level 4/5 Diploma and unlock a world of opportunities. Contact LABM now to explore course details, funding options, and your next step toward digital career success. Awarding Body Qualification Qualification Numbers: Level 4 Diploma in Information Technology - 603/4781/8 Qualification Numbers: Level 5 Diploma in IT - E-commerce- 603/4794/6 Course Details https://labm.institute/courses/it-and-ecommerce-university-1st-and-2nd-year-level-4-and-5/

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securesafetysolutions · 2 days ago

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Why Every Business Needs a Health & Safety Policy

Summary of what you’ll learn:

This article explains why a health and safety policy is essential for all types of businesses. You’ll learn how such a policy protects your staff, reduces risks, helps you meet legal requirements, and supports long-term business growth. We also cover key elements of an effective business health policy and how to get started if you don’t have one.

What is a health and safety policy?

A health and safety policy is a written plan that shows how your business manages risks and protects people from harm. It explains your commitment to keeping everyone safe — employees, customers, visitors, and even contractors.

For businesses with five or more employees, UK law (Health and Safety at Work Act 1974) requires a written health and safety policy. But even smaller businesses benefit from having one. It helps everyone know what to do to stay safe.

Why is a business safety policy important?

A business safety policy helps you:

Prevent accidents and injuries

Reduce time off work due to illness

Avoid fines and legal trouble

Build trust with staff and customers

Improve productivity and morale

It’s not just about staying legal. It’s about doing the right thing for your people and your business.

What happens when a business doesn’t have a policy?

Not having a business health policy can cost you. Consider these real-world examples:

Tesco was fined £733,000 after a worker fell from a ladder (HSE, 2020).

Alton Towers paid £5 million after a roller coaster crash injured 16 people (BBC News, 2015).

A small bakery in London faced a £40,000 fine for failing to provide basic health and safety measures for its staff (Local Authority Report, 2022).

These cases show how failing to plan can damage reputations and lead to huge expenses — even closure.

What are the legal requirements for UK businesses?

Under UK law, employers must:

Create a written health and safety policy (if they have 5+ employees)

Assess workplace risks

Appoint someone to help meet health and safety duties

Provide training and information

Consult with employees about safety

Not following these rules could result in enforcement action by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) — including improvement notices, fines, or prosecution.

What should be in a business health policy?

You can review HSE’s example templates if you’re unsure how to begin.

How does a policy help with workplace culture?

A strong safety policy creates a culture where people feel cared for. Employees who feel safe:

Stay longer at their jobs

Are more productive

Report fewer injuries

Are more likely to follow rules

According to a 2023 CIPD report, companies with strong safety practices have 30% fewer sick days and 25% lower staff turnover.

When safety is seen as everyone’s job, it becomes part of daily work — not a one-time checklist.

Who should be involved in creating the policy?

Involve key people across your business when building your policy:

Senior management: Set the tone and approve resources

Supervisors: Know day-to-day operations and risks

Employees: Offer insight into tasks, hazards, and improvements

Including people in the process builds support and makes the policy more effective.

How often should a business safety policy be reviewed?

Review your policy:

At least once a year

When you hire more staff

After any accidents or near misses

When laws or regulations change

If you move to a new site or add equipment

You can set a calendar reminder or assign this to your health and safety lead.

How can small businesses write their own policy?

Even small businesses can write a basic, effective policy in just a few steps:

Download a free HSE template

Write your safety statement

Assign roles (e.g. “John Smith, Site Manager”)

List your safety steps (e.g. risk assessments, fire drills)

Share with staff and display it

Review and update regularly

You don’t need to hire an expert for every step — but having guidance from consultants can speed things up and prevent errors.

What are common mistakes businesses make?

Avoid these mistakes:

Copying generic policies without adapting them

Failing to train staff on what the policy means

Writing a policy and never updating it

Not reporting near-misses or minor incidents

Skipping routine safety checks

The best policies grow with your business and match your risks — not someone else’s.

How can you measure if your policy is working?

Here are a few ways to check:

Fewer accidents or injuries

More safety issues being reported (early warning is good)

Better staff feedback on working conditions

Audits showing full compliance

No fines or warnings from the HSE

Set clear goals and track progress every quarter.

Can a policy improve your business reputation?

Yes. Companies with strong health and safety records often:

Win more contracts and clients

Earn trust from employees and partners

Show leadership in their industry

Get lower insurance premiums

In competitive industries like construction or manufacturing, a good safety record can give you the edge.

Final thoughts

Every business — large or small — needs a health and safety policy. It’s your roadmap to a safer, stronger, and more professional workplace. By taking time to put a clear business safety policy in place, you protect people, meet legal standards, and build a better company for the future.

If you’re not sure where to begin, Secure Safety Solutions can help you create or improve your policy to match your business needs.

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samritimattuu · 2 days ago

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Company Legal Services: A Guide to Safeguarding and Growing Your Business

Running a business is an exciting but complex venture. From incorporating your company to hiring employees, signing contracts, or managing disputes, legal considerations are at the core of every decision. Yet, many entrepreneurs and startups underestimate the importance of investing in company legal services early on.

In this article, we explore what company legal services include, why they matter, and how law firms like Gurve Legal provide practical, tailored support to companies across the UK.

Why Are Company Legal Services So Important?

Company legal services form the backbone of any well-structured business. They ensure that operations are compliant with the law, protect company assets, help mitigate risks, and ultimately support sustainable growth.

Here’s why every business, especially startups and small to medium enterprises (SMEs), should prioritise legal support:

Avoid costly legal disputes

Protect intellectual property and confidential information

Stay compliant with regulatory and employment laws

Create secure contracts with clients, suppliers, and employees

Attract investors with proper legal documentation

As your business scales, legal complexity increases. Early legal advice sets your company up for long-term success and credibility.

1. Business Formation and Structuring

Choosing the right legal structure is the first and most critical decision when starting a company. Whether you register as a sole trader, partnership, limited company (LTD), or limited liability partnership (LLP), each structure has different legal, tax, and reporting implications.

Company legal services at this stage typically include:

Registering the company with Companies House

Drafting Articles of Association

Creating shareholder or partnership agreements

Advising on equity allocation and founder responsibilities

A firm like Gurve Legal ensures your company is set up correctly—avoiding future disputes and streamlining operations from the start.

2. Contract Law and Drafting Agreements

Contracts are legally binding agreements that govern your relationships with customers, suppliers, employees, and investors. Poorly drafted contracts are a leading cause of business disputes in the UK.

Essential contracts include:

Client service agreements

Employment and freelancer contracts

Confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements (NDAs)

Supplier and vendor contracts

Terms and conditions for websites or platforms

Avoid using generic templates online. Instead, work with legal professionals to draft tailored contracts that reflect your business model and protect your interests.

3. Employment Law and HR Policies

When hiring employees or contractors, businesses must adhere to UK employment law, which outlines strict guidelines on rights, wages, working conditions, and termination.

Company legal services can help with:

Drafting compliant employment contracts

Creating employee handbooks and HR policies

Managing redundancy, termination, and disciplinary actions

Ensuring compliance with IR35 and contractor laws

Failure to follow employment laws can lead to costly claims at employment tribunals. Gurve Legal ensures your company’s hiring practices are both fair and compliant.

4. Intellectual Property Protection

Your company’s intellectual property (IP) may include your brand name, logo, products, software, website content, or inventions. Without proper protection, competitors could steal or replicate your ideas.

Legal services for IP include:

Trademark registration (for names, logos, and slogans)

Patent filing (for unique products or processes)

IP assignment clauses (in employee and contractor agreements)

Gurve Legal helps you identify, protect, and enforce your IP rights—safeguarding the identity and value of your business.

5. Regulatory and Data Compliance

Every business must comply with relevant industry laws and standards. This is particularly important in sectors like finance, health, food, and technology.

A key part of modern compliance is data protection, governed in the UK by GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018. If your company collects or processes customer data, you must:

Publish a clear privacy policy

Use legal bases for processing data

Secure customer consent appropriately

Respond to Subject Access Requests (SARs)

Maintain data securely

Gurve Legal offers audits and compliance reviews to ensure your business avoids fines and reputational harm.

6. Investment and Fundraising Legal Support

If your company is preparing to raise capital through seed funding, venture capital, or angel investment, legal preparation is essential. Investors want transparency, clean ownership structures, and risk-free documentation.

Legal services include:

Drafting and reviewing term sheets

Creating shareholder agreements

Managing cap tables and equity distribution

Ensuring eligibility for SEIS/EIS schemes

Supporting due diligence processes

Gurve Legal helps startups and scaleups become legally investment-ready, building trust with potential backers.

7. Dispute Resolution and Litigation

Disputes can arise in any business—whether with customers, suppliers, or internal stakeholders. The right legal support can prevent escalation and protect your company’s reputation.

Company legal services in this area include:

Negotiation and mediation

Breach of contract claims

Employment disputes

Debt recovery

Commercial litigation

With experienced legal advisors like Gurve Legal, you can resolve issues efficiently while focusing on growing your business.

8. Exit Strategy and Business Sale

Eventually, you may choose to sell your company, merge with another firm, or transfer ownership. These processes involve complex legal steps, from due diligence to contract negotiation.

Legal services for exit planning include:

Valuation and deal structuring advice

Drafting sale agreements

Negotiating buyer and investor terms

Transferring IP and employee contracts

Ensuring tax-efficient strategies

Planning your exit legally ensures that your hard work pays off in full.

Why Choose Gurve Legal for Company Legal Services?

Gurve Legal is a modern UK law firm specialising in providing clear, practical, and cost-effective legal services to startups, SMEs, and growing businesses.

What makes them stand out?

Fixed-fee packages with no hidden costs

Business-friendly communication—no legal jargon

Tailored legal strategies for your industry and goals

Fast turnaround to keep your business agile

Whether you’re just starting or preparing for investment or exit, Gurve Legal ensures you’re legally sound every step of the way.

Final Thoughts

Company legal services are not just about avoiding problems—they're about building a legally secure foundation that enables your business to grow, innovate, and thrive with confidence.

From incorporation and contracts to IP protection and dispute resolution, the legal side of your company deserves as much attention as product development or marketing.

Looking for reliable legal support? Partner with Gurve Legal and let their expert team help your business operate safely, smoothly, and successfully.

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