#significances of bioscience and bioengineering

[crimsonpublishersbiosciences]

Modulating the Antioxidant Activity of Thin Layer-by-Layer Films with Polyphenols_Crimson Publishers

Abstract:

Layer-by-layer deposition of a polycation and of a cheap polyphenol, tannic acid, allows to produce thin coatings having an antioxidant activity proportional to the amount of deposited polyphenol. This means that the used probe, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), is able to reach all tannic acid molecules present in the film whatever their location. However, when the tannic acid containing film is capped with a few nanometers thick capping layer made of poly (allylamine hydrochloride) and poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), the DPPH has no access anymore to the embedded tannic acid. On this basis, an application is proposed for the production of a packaging film containing tannic acid as a probe able to sense if the packaging has undergone some mechanical damage.

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[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Fully automated laboratory heads into orbit to test food production in space

Cranfield University spin-out company Frontier Space has sent a fully automated laboratory into orbit as part of a European Space Agency project to assess the viability of creating lab-grown food in microgravity.

The laboratory contains three payloads and was launched into orbit aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on 21 April 2025, housed inside a re-entry capsule provided by German startup ATMOS Space Cargo.

Frontier Space focuses on solutions for industrializing biotechnology in space. It is the creator of SpaceLab, a scalable, modular, autonomous lab-in-a-box designed to industrialize in-orbit manufacturing of high-value bioproducts. This particular mission doesn't involve the full SpaceLab, but instead uses what Frontier CEO Aqeel Shamsul describes as "an EGGS (Early Gen micro-Gravity Service) payload, which is a small device customized for this specific mission."

Shamsul says that this mission "represents a significant opportunity to mature Frontier Space's technology" and will test and evaluate parts of Frontier's SpaceLab such as its microfluidics chips and onboard imaging system.

Understanding how to grow vital supplies in space

One of the three payloads on this mission is from Imperial College London, and involves transporting biological specimens into orbit before returning them to Earth for analysis.

Researchers at Imperial College have already used a bioreactor on Earth to genetically engineer food from yeast in a process they call "precision fermentation," but this experiment will help them to understand whether that process works in space, and what challenges they may have to overcome. If successful, this could be one of the building blocks that give astronauts the ability to manufacture the consumables they need rather than having them sent from Earth.

Food, pharmaceuticals, fuel and bioplastics are heavy and expensive to launch into space—food alone is estimated to cost as much as £20,000 per person, per day for astronauts on the International Space Station. Manufacturing these products in microgravity would solve one of the fundamental problems that needs to be addressed before long-distance, crewed space missions or off-world manufacturing facilities can become a reality.

"We dream about a future where humanity heads off into the dark expanses of space. But carrying enough to feed ourselves on the journey and at our destination would be unimaginable in cost and weight," said Dr. Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro from Imperial College's Department of Bioengineering. "If just a handful of cultivated cells could provide all our food, pharmaceuticals, fuels and bioplastics using freely available resources, that would bring the future closer."

Frontier Space spun out of Cranfield University in 2021, and David Cullen, Professor of Astrobiology and Space Biotechnology at Cranfield University, sees its success as a validation of the work being done at the university. "It's rewarding to see technology developed under Cranfield's BAMMsat program transition to commercialization, with significant potential across many applications."

Professor Cullen, who also serves as Frontier Space's Science and Technology Advisor, continued, "It's fantastic that Frontier Space is helping drive the rapid market growth in using space environments to develop advanced bioscience, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical knowledge and products."

[neosciencehub]

'Smart Coconut Sensor' for Quality Assessment

'Smart Coconut Sensor' for Quality Assessment @neosciencehub #neosciencehub #science #research #IInvenTive2024 #IITRoorkee #QualityAssessment #SmartCoconutSensor #PlantMolecularBiology #coconut #India #CoconutIndustry #QualityControl #Agriculture

IIT Roorkee Unveils at IInvenTive 2024 The Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, at the IInvenTive 2024, introduced a significant advancement in agricultural technology with the ‘Smart Coconut Sensor.’ This innovative device, developed by the Plant Molecular Biology Group from the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, led by PratibhaDemiwal, Rittika Ray, and spearheaded by…

[crimsonpublishersobesityjourna]

A Review on Biomedical Waste and its Management-Crimson Publishers

A Review on Biomedical Waste and its Management by Preeti Sharma in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences: Crimson Publishers-American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering

Biomedical waste is highly hazardous which can give rise to serious diseases that may be fatal; therefore it is a matter of global concern. Biomedical waste management is of great importance to reduce the serious health implications. This article deals with the basic issues of biomedical waste disposal and management of biomedical waste. Its purpose is to spread knowledge among the personnel involved in health care services to prevent transmission of the diseases in the society and to protect public health and environment.

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[crimsonpublishers]

A Secreted Protein in the Wnt Signaling Pathway-R-Spondin3: A Mini-Review_Crimson Publishers

Secreted Protein in the Wnt Signaling Pathway-R-Spondin3: A Mini-Review by Qing Yang in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences: Crimson Publishers_American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering

R-spondins (Roof plate-specific Spondins, RSPOs) are secreted proteins, which act as activators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and play roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, embryonic development, vasculogenesis as well as many human diseases. R-spondin3 (RSPO3) is a member of RSPOs family, containing two adjacent cysteine-rich furin-like domains, which act as an agonist in Wnt signaling. In this mini-review, we discuss and classify recent progress in understanding the protein functions of RSPO3 in embryonic development, vasculogenesis, and its role in cancers.

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[lawrencejack002]

Michael Deem And His Love of Rice University

Michael Deem is a Professor of Bioengineering and Physics at Rice University, and he is known for his love and commitment to this prestigious institution. Deem has been a part of the Rice community for over two decades, and during that time he has made significant contributions to the university’s academic programs, research initiatives, and campus culture.

Deem’s dedication to Rice University is evident in his extensive involvement in various academic and research activities. He has been a driving force behind the creation of the interdisciplinary BioScience Research Collaborative (BRC), which brings together scientists from diverse fields to tackle complex biological questions. He has also served as the Director of the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, a pioneering research center that has made groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex biological systems.

In addition to his academic work, Deem has been an active member of the Rice community, participating in a wide range of events and activities on campus. He has served as a mentor and advisor to countless students, helping them navigate the challenges of academic life and prepare for successful careers in science and engineering. He has also been a vocal advocate for diversity and inclusion, working to create a more welcoming and supportive environment for all members of the Rice community.

Deem’s love for Rice University extends beyond his professional work and involvement on campus. He has a deep appreciation for the university’s history and traditions, and he takes great pride in being a part of this vibrant and dynamic community. He has spoken publicly about his admiration for Rice’s commitment to excellence and its unique culture of collaboration and innovation.

In an interview with Rice Magazine, Deem summed up his love for Rice University by saying, “It’s the people here who make Rice special. We have an incredible community of scholars, researchers, and students who are all committed to making a positive impact on the world. I feel fortunate to be a part of this community, and I look forward to continuing to contribute to Rice’s success in the years to come.”

Deem’s love for Rice University is a testament to the power of education and the transformative impact that institutions of higher learning can have on individuals and society. His example inspires us to embrace the opportunities and challenges of academic life, and to work towards building strong and supportive communities that foster excellence and innovation.

The post Michael Deem And His Love of Rice University appeared first on Michael W. Deem.

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[michaeldeem6]

Michael Deem And His Love of Rice University

Michael Deem is a Professor of Bioengineering and Physics at Rice University, and he is known for his love and commitment to this prestigious institution. Deem has been a part of the Rice community for over two decades, and during that time he has made significant contributions to the university’s academic programs, research initiatives, and campus culture.

Deem’s dedication to Rice University is evident in his extensive involvement in various academic and research activities. He has been a driving force behind the creation of the interdisciplinary BioScience Research Collaborative (BRC), which brings together scientists from diverse fields to tackle complex biological questions. He has also served as the Director of the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, a pioneering research center that has made groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex biological systems.

In addition to his academic work, Deem has been an active member of the Rice community, participating in a wide range of events and activities on campus. He has served as a mentor and advisor to countless students, helping them navigate the challenges of academic life and prepare for successful careers in science and engineering. He has also been a vocal advocate for diversity and inclusion, working to create a more welcoming and supportive environment for all members of the Rice community.

Deem’s love for Rice University extends beyond his professional work and involvement on campus. He has a deep appreciation for the university’s history and traditions, and he takes great pride in being a part of this vibrant and dynamic community. He has spoken publicly about his admiration for Rice’s commitment to excellence and its unique culture of collaboration and innovation.

In an interview with Rice Magazine, Deem summed up his love for Rice University by saying, “It’s the people here who make Rice special. We have an incredible community of scholars, researchers, and students who are all committed to making a positive impact on the world. I feel fortunate to be a part of this community, and I look forward to continuing to contribute to Rice’s success in the years to come.”

Deem’s love for Rice University is a testament to the power of education and the transformative impact that institutions of higher learning can have on individuals and society. His example inspires us to embrace the opportunities and challenges of academic life, and to work towards building strong and supportive communities that foster excellence and innovation.

The post Michael Deem And His Love of Rice University appeared first on Michael W. Deem.

source https://mwdeem.com/2023/02/22/michael-deem-and-his-love-of-rice-university/

[michaeldeemcycling]

Michael Deem And His Love of Rice University

Michael Deem is a Professor of Bioengineering and Physics at Rice University, and he is known for his love and commitment to this prestigious institution. Deem has been a part of the Rice community for over two decades, and during that time he has made significant contributions to the university’s academic programs, research initiatives, and campus culture.

Deem’s dedication to Rice University is evident in his extensive involvement in various academic and research activities. He has been a driving force behind the creation of the interdisciplinary BioScience Research Collaborative (BRC), which brings together scientists from diverse fields to tackle complex biological questions. He has also served as the Director of the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, a pioneering research center that has made groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex biological systems.

In addition to his academic work, Deem has been an active member of the Rice community, participating in a wide range of events and activities on campus. He has served as a mentor and advisor to countless students, helping them navigate the challenges of academic life and prepare for successful careers in science and engineering. He has also been a vocal advocate for diversity and inclusion, working to create a more welcoming and supportive environment for all members of the Rice community.

Deem’s love for Rice University extends beyond his professional work and involvement on campus. He has a deep appreciation for the university’s history and traditions, and he takes great pride in being a part of this vibrant and dynamic community. He has spoken publicly about his admiration for Rice’s commitment to excellence and its unique culture of collaboration and innovation.

In an interview with Rice Magazine, Deem summed up his love for Rice University by saying, “It’s the people here who make Rice special. We have an incredible community of scholars, researchers, and students who are all committed to making a positive impact on the world. I feel fortunate to be a part of this community, and I look forward to continuing to contribute to Rice’s success in the years to come.”

Deem’s love for Rice University is a testament to the power of education and the transformative impact that institutions of higher learning can have on individuals and society. His example inspires us to embrace the opportunities and challenges of academic life, and to work towards building strong and supportive communities that foster excellence and innovation.

The post Michael Deem And His Love of Rice University appeared first on Michael W. Deem.

Originally published here: https://mwdeem.com/2023/02/22/michael-deem-and-his-love-of-rice-university/

[stratosphereedu12]

Is South Korea a Good Choice For Research in Biotechnology?

In recent years, South Korea has emerged as one of the world’s most popular research

destinations. It is preferred by many students because of its optimum standard of living and specialized programs in respectable universities. The country is evolving steadily in the respective fields of biotechnology and innovation.

Research in Biotechnology

Biotechnology has offered ground breaking solutions in different aspects of science and technology. Finding life-improving solutions through breakthrough technologies in all sectors has been possible

only through the advanced research in this field.  This strongly appeals to the students who wish to explore the opportunities associated with it.

South Korea actively promotes research in biotechnology to meet different societal challenges. The research areas here are enormous and widespread: medical biotechnology, bio-instrumentation, environment and biodiversity, plant and animal biotechnology, bioinformatics, etc. The country focuses on extending the knowledge arena, producing a highly-skilled workforce, and delivering bio-products to the markets.

Biotechnology courses in South Korea

The universities in South Korea are furnished with state-of-the-art research facilities. An overseas education consultant can provide you with a list of suitable courses:

1. Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology – One of the best in the country, this Institute is a pioneer in some significant breakthroughs in the discipline!

2. Korea University – The university incorporates advanced research technology with a multidisciplinary approach. Choose from Molecular Bioengineering Systems; Food Biotechnology, among many others.

3. Seoul National University SNU – Students can select from several programs at this institute, according to their study preferences. Some options are - Crop Science and Biotechnology; Animal Science and Biotechnology; Biomodulation; Biosystems Engineering

[crimsonpublishersbiosciences]

An Alternate Form of the Integrated First-Order Rate Equation_Crimson Publishers

Abstract:

Derivation of a first-order equation suitable for use in beginning energy science and chemistry courses is shown to be

A = Ao/ 2t /t1/2

Where,

Ao is the original amount of the sample

A is the amount

T is time t and

t1/2 is the half-life

Ao is larger than A

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[chitrakullkarni]

Circulating Tumor Cells Market Top Company Overview & Research Report, 2022

Global Circulating Tumor Cells Market is anticipated to grow significantly in the coming years owing to the increasing cancer cases. Circulating tumor cells circulate inside the body through blood stream. They comprise seeds that are responsible for the growth of additional tumors in different organs, which cause cancer. Hence, different tumor detection markers are developed for the early discovery of cancer.

The growth of circulating tumor cells (CTC) market is influenced by increasing mortality rate due to cancer, several types of genetic disorders, drastic change in lifestyle, increase in smoking-causing disorders, and rise in consumption of alcohol. Moreover, developments in bioengineering technologies, biomedical imaging and rise in demand for preventive medications for different types of cancers are also stimulating the market growth of circulating tumor cells. However, the factors restraining the market growth comprise significant cost of detection techniques, scarcity of specific biomarkers for the detection of CTCs, reluctance in the adoption of new technologies, and other technical limits.

Increasing focus of the market players for the introduction of companion diagnostics for cancer and other disorders and increase in demand for research projects on cancer are few trends in the circulating tumor cells industry. Circulating tumor cells market is categorized on the basis of technology, application, and geography. On the basis of technology, the market is divided into CTC Detection, CTC Enrichment, and CTC Analysis. CTC enrichment segment is expected to lead the market owing to high efficiency due to increased functionalities.

Request free sample to get a complete analysis @ https://www.millioninsights.com/industry-reports/circulating-tumor-cells-ctc-market/request-sample

Based on application, circulating tumor cells (CTC) industry is divided into tumorigenesis research, cancer stem cell research, EMT biomarkers development, and others.EMT biomarkers development segment is predicted to hold maximum share of the market due to advancements in technology.

In terms of end user, circulating tumor cells (CTC) market is bifurcated into research & academic institutes, hospitals & clinics, and diagnostic centers. Hospitals and clinics segment is expected to hold larger share of the market due to increasing preference for efficient treatment offered at hospitals.

Geographically, CTC industry is segmented as North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. North America, followed by Europe accounted for the larger share of market due to large number of market players and mature healthcare infrastructure. Asia-Pacific is also expected to grow considerably in the coming years due to increasing investment and growing technological advancements in the domain.

The prominent players in circulating tumor cells industry include ApoCell, Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc, ClearbridgeBiomedicsPte Ltd, Aviva Biosciences, CynvenioBiosystems, Inc, BioceptInc, MiltenyiBiotec,Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Qiagen and CreatvMicrotech Inc.

Browse Related Category Research Reports @ https://industryanalysisandnews.wordpress.com/ 

[briefglittergladiator]

Circulating Tumor Cells Market | Size, Share and Industry Analysis, 2021-2027

The global demand for Circulating Tumor Cells market, in terms of revenue, was worth of USD 136.41 million in 2019 and is expected to reach USD 320.07 million in 2026, growing at a CAGR of 13.43% from 2020 to 2026. The global Circulating Tumor Cells market is expected to grow at significant growth rate due to number of driving factor. Global Circulating Tumor Cells Market: Global Size, Trends, Competitive, Historical & Forecast Analysis, 2021-2027. Growing Prevalence of Cancer and Increasing Advancements in Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Technology are Some of the Major Factors Driving the Market Growth. Get Sample Copy of The Report@ https://brandessenceresearch.com/requestSample/PostId/1434 A cell which has shed into the vasculature or lymphatics from a primary tumor and is carried around the body in the blood circulation is nothing but the circulating tumor cell (CTC). These CTCs can extravasate and become seeds for the subsequent growth of additional tumor (metastases) in distant organs which is a mechanism that is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. The detection and analysis of CTCs can assist early patient prospects and determine appropriate tailored treatments. There is one method for CTC detection which is FDA-approved is CellSearch that used for diagnosing colorectal, breast and prostate cancer. The detection of CTCs or liquid biopsy has several advantages over traditional tissue biopsies such as they are non-invasive that can be used repeatedly and provide more useful information on metastatic risk, treatment effectiveness and disease progression. This CTC enumeration is an accepted prognostic indicator for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Circulating Tumor Cells Companies: Global Circulating Tumor Cells industry analysis Report covers prominent players are like AdnaGen, Gilupi, Silicon Biosystems, Ikonisys, Miltenyi Biotec, Biofluidica, On-chip, CytoTrack, Janssen, BioView, Cynvenio, Aviva Biosciences Corporation, IVDiagnostics, YZY Bio, Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Celsee, Qiagen, Fluxion, Creatv MicroTech, Clearbridge Biomedics, Fluidigm, ScreenCell, ApoCell Factors such as increasing cancer-related spending for the introduction of companion diagnostics & targeted therapies, rising number of screening tests & technological advancements in cancer detection and the growing prevalence of cancer are driving the growth of global circulating tumor cell market. As the Cancer has broad societal impacts beyond the negative effects it has on individual health outcomes, including productivity losses for cancer patients and their family caregivers Furthermore, increasing advancements in biomedical imaging and bioengineering technology and rising demand for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer are also supplementing the market growth. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have become a blistering issue of discussion for oncologists because of their tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Hence, many techniques have been developed and are under continuous improvement to enhance their efficacy of CTC isolation and enumeration. Players are mostly focused on the significance of CTCs in diagnosis and therapies of four most common types of cancers, namely, breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal. Circulating Tumor Cells Market Segmentation: By Application- Clinical, Research, Drug Development By Technology- CTC Enrichment, CTC Detection, Combined Enrichment and Separation of CTC (CTC analysis) By End-User- Hospital & Clinics, Research & Academic Institutes, Diagnostic Centers Get Full Report :@ https://www.prnewswire.com/news/brandessence-market-research-and-consulting-private-limited/ About Us: Brandessence Market Research and Consulting Pvt. ltd. Brandessence market research publishes market research reports & business insights produced by highly qualified and experienced industry analysts. Our research reports are available in a wide range of industry verticals including aviation, food & beverage, healthcare, ICT, Co

[shrikrisharathod]

Latest Report on Bio-decontamination Equipment Market 2019 Global Industry Type, Size, Key Players like STERIS Life Science, Bioquell, TOMI Environmental Solutions

Bio-decontamination equipment refers to the equipment, for example, a chamber or a confined box in which cleaning process is performed Decontamination chambers offer a totally fixed chamber for cleaning of hardware and materials entering or leaving a barrier facility.

The Global Bio-decontamination Equipment Market Professional Survey Report provides information on the overall market size. It also predicts that market value will increase with significant CAGR during the 2019-2025 period and will witness positive growth by the end of 2025. . The report also provides information on how the various end-user industries drive global and regional markets.

Key Players Mentioned:STERIS Life Science, Bioquell, TOMI Environmental Solutions, JCE Biotechnology, Howorth Air Technology, Tailin BioEngineering, Weike Biological Laboratory, Noxilizer, Fedegari Group Request Sample @t: https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/request-samples.php?_id=11&_sid=965

 Increased competition between the organizational and non-organization sectors and high raw material costs are expected to curb future market growth. The growing interest in segment products and demand generation in developing countries will further accelerate market growth during the forecast period. This report covers all aspects of the Bio-decontamination Equipment industry, including market sales, technical thinking, and business profiles.

Product Segment Analysis:Chamber Decontamination, Room Decontamination

Application Segment Analysis:Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Bioscience Research, Hospital & Healthcare

Regional Segment Analysis:USA, Europe, Japan, China, India, South East Asia

With tables and figures that help to analyze the global Bio-decontamination Equipment market. The study provides key statistics on the current state of the industry and provides useful guidelines and directions for companies and individuals interested in the market. Ask For Discount @t: https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/ask-for-discount.php?_id=11&_sid=965

 The report includes an executive summary, world economic outlook, and overview section that provides a consistent analysis of the Bio-decontamination Equipment Market. In addition, reports in the market overview section describe SWOT and PESTLE analysis to provide a thorough analysis of the market. The overview section details Porters' Five Force analysis, which helps to reveal possible scenarios in the market by disclosing competitive scenarios related to the market.

Target Audience of the Global Bio-decontamination Equipment Market in Market Study: • Key Consulting Companies & Advisors • Large, medium-sized, and small enterprises • Venture capitalists • Value-Added Resellers • Third-party knowledge providers • Investment bankers • Investors Inquiry @t : https://introspectivemarketresearch.com/Enquiry-before-buying.php?_id=11&_sid=965

 About Us: Introspective Market Research is a visionary research company who is ready to assist their customer to flourish their business by offering strategies for gaining success. We sell market research reports received from other leading companies in the market research industry which offer in-depth and trustworthy information on different topics and sectors. The IMR founded by the team of experts and experienced professionals in the industry. The team is focusing on offering the empirical data collected from experts that can be the base for the next few years. The Aim of the company is to offering reports from numerous sectors such as FMCG, technology, food beverages, media, chemical, and healthcare among others. Contact Us: 3001 S King Drive, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A 60616 +1-773-382-1047 Web: https://www.introspectivemarketresearch.com

Email: sales@introspectivemarketresearch.com

[crimsonpublishers]

Candida as Pathogens of Onychomycosis among Elderly Diabetic Patients_Crimson Publishers

Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection affecting nails. The primary cause for onychomycosis is Non-dermatophytes, while Candida species have emerged as second-line pathogens. Onychomycosis due to Candida[Candidal onychomycosis] is increasingly found in patients with diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetes can result in complications that affect all systems of the body. Of particular relevance to onychomycosis, rates are the effect of (T2DM). on the lower extremities. (T2DM). can lead to lower extremity arterial disease; in turn, this can predispose patients to onychomycosis of the toenails.

Materials and methods: Incidence were determined in 116 types 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients over from September2013 to January 2014 included direct microscopy and repeated cultures. A higher incidence of onychomycosis. who were registered at the Sedee Hussein Polyclinic of Benghazi city?

Results: The prevalence of onychomycosis among diabetics in our study was high, the culture was positive in 84 of 116 patients [41%] patients with onychomycosis, laboratory culture identified yeasts as the pathogen in 22% of positive cases.

Conclusion: Onychomycosis is an important cause of morbidity in diabetic patients, increasing their risks for limb amputation and local and systemic secondary bacterial infections. Because onychomycosis is more common in diabetic patients and can complicate the disease, clinicians must be vigilant in its diagnosis and complete in its treatment.

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[newswave-kota]

IIT Guwahati researchers develop low-cost hand-held device to detect bacteria

This novel, low-cost hand-held device created by IIT Guwahati researchers is a biocompatible sensor that can detect bacteria without cell culture and microbiological assays. Newwave@ New Delhi IIT Guwahati researchers have developed a low-cost, hand-held device to detect bacteria which is a major development not only for the healthcare industry, but also for anti-bioterrorism measures and environmental monitoring applications.

The research team led by Prof Parameswar K Iyer, Department of Chemistry, and Prof. Siddhartha S Ghosh, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Guwahati, has developed this novel, low-cost, bio-compatible sensor that can detect bacteria almost instantaneously without the need for cell culture and microbiological assays. The IIT Guwahati team consisting of Dr Anamika Dey, Dr Ashish Singh, Dr Deepanjalee Dutta (all three former PhD scholars from Center for Nanotechnology, IITG), Prof. Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh and Prof. Parameswar Krishnan Iyer, has brought portable bacterial detection kits closer to reality.  Device detects bacteria quickly Bacterial infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and despite development of a range of antibiotics, the challenge continues to lie in detecting and diagnosing bacterial infection early on, as present detection techniques tend to be time-consuming. At present, the detection of bacteria in body fluids is done in laboratories. The cells that are derived from the patient are initially cultured or grown so that enough of the bacterial cells are available for microbiological analysis. "Current diagnostic processes are frustratingly time-consuming, especially when time is of the essence in administering treatment," said Prof Iyer, explaining the need to develop faster and easier methods to detect bacteria. "While newly developed techniques such as real time qPCR can detect bacteria faster than conventional assay-based methods, they are restricted by the need for expensive apparatuses and trained personnel," he explained. "What would be useful are hand-held rapid detection kits like those used for blood sugar monitoring and pregnancy detection," he added. How does the detector work? The sensor developed by the IIT Guwahati researchers detects the charges on the cell walls of bacteria. Prof. Ghosh said, "It is known that Gram positive bacteria such as S. pneumoniae, have different cell wall compositions than Gram negative bacteria such as the common E. coli. Such asymmetric cell wall organizations could alter the flow of electrons at the channel of OFETs during their detection." The important breakthrough by the team was in developing and using an Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET) to detect this surface charge. The OFET is an electronic device that works on the principle that charges in the vicinity of the channels of certain semiconductors can induce a current in them. Thus, the charges on the surface of the bacterium, induces a current in the OFET, which is registered and read. The OFET devices developed by the team consists of a unique and hybrid tri-layer dielectric system built on simple glass and flexible PET (a kind of plastic) substrates, and can operate at ultra-low operating voltages. The team has shown that this OFET sensor can not only detect bacteria, but also differentiate between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. "Not only have we shown the sensing capabilities of this portable OFET device, but we have also shown the mechanism by which sensing occurs and elucidated the role of bacterial wall in distinguishing various bacterial types", added Prof Iyer on the significance of this latest interdisciplinary research work. The OFET-based ready-to-use diagnostic tool will facilitate rapid detection and diagnosis at the point of care. The current device is particularly useful for the detection of bacteria primarily for water-borne diseases. These sensors will also be useful in instantaneous detection of time-critical illnesses such as meningitis. Read the full article