#smallcell

[mobilephonetechnology]

(2024-09-22 image ©STL Tech) We all know that to make 5G available to us there needs to be cell towers dotted around the country. But what happens when we need more capacity? The standard cells we see all around are there to cater for "normal" cell use but in various situations we need capacity in localised situations. This could be shopping centres, sports stadia, dense areas of housing, university campus or wherever there is a large number of people. Now to cater for this demand we do not always need a new big cell covering a large area. - we need a small cell covering a smaller area but providing more capacity.

To achieve this the mobile operators build Small-Cells onto lampposts, bus shelters or other street furniture, attached to shopping centres or sports stadia buildings. These devices need a power supply so these locations are ideal. They also need 'backhaul' capacity, which is the wire or fibre to link the cell to the mobile network. There is also the potential to use other wireless connectivity such as micro-waves to backhaul to the network.

In some situations 5G could have another potential backhaul - what is called 5G Self Backhaul. Use some of the 5G spectrum as a back haul to another small cell, one that has fibre. Or indeed a complex tree network could be built with a number of small cells feeding back to the one main small cell that has fibre. This idea does link well with 5G network slicing. This is the ability of a 5G network to reserve part of the network for a specific use of application. Now, as far as I understand, such implementations are under trial using higher frequency 5G (26GHz) but these networks have some issues when used outside in the UK. [Rain can cause the 26GHz wave to have less coverage than in dry summer conditions]

Small cells can also be used in a rural hamlet with no fibre or 5G coverage and the backhaul would be via satellite. Again this is a specialised niche, In general Small cells are installed in urban areas and fibre is available to get the data back to the network.

[gwl-power]

ELERIX 10AH and 15 AH cells with 3C 

High energy cells with up to 3C discharge.

Check them here. 

[nonitha]

Empowering Connectivity: The Rise of the Mobile Communication Infrastructure Market

Market Overview: Mobile Communication Infrastructure Market

The Mobile Communication Infrastructure Market is poised for significant growth driven by the expanding adoption of 5G technology, increasing mobile data traffic, and the need for enhanced network coverage and capacity. Investments in network upgrades, the deployment of small cells, and advancements in communication technologies are key factors fueling this market. As mobile connectivity becomes indispensable for both personal and professional use, the demand for robust and reliable infrastructure continues to rise, supporting the proliferation of smart devices and IoT applications.

[iflexcservice]

Iflexc Tech's Cutting-Edge Direction Finder Technology Is Precise

Over the past fifteen years, Iflexc Tech has always worked to improve cellphone network technology. We are experts in a wide range of new goods, such as IMSI catchers, jammers, and smallcell BTS solutions. But our state-of-the-art Direction Finder technology is one of our best things.

Our Direction Finder systems are made to meet the needs of the telecommunications business, which is always changing. They find and follow signs with a level of accuracy that is unmatched. Whether you work in security, telecommunications, or law enforcement, our Direction Finder technology gives you the tools to stay ahead.

What sets us apart is that we work hard to make each order unique. We know that every case is different, and that's why we offer solutions that are made to fit your needs.

Contact details of Iflexc Tech Call: +40 373 78 22 60 Email: support@iflexc.com Website: https://www.iflexc.com/product/mobile-direction-finder.html

[best-chest-surgeon-in-gurgaon]

Dr. Harsh Vardhan Puri explaining about Lung Cancer Treatment

What is lung cancer? Lung cancer is when cells of lungs mutate (change abnormally) and begin growing out of control. These cells grow in an unregulated manner.

They are divided into benign (noncancerous), meaning they do not grow into surrounding areas or spread in the body an malignant (cancerous) tumours grow into nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).

How does lung cancer develop? This is a matter of debate but in general, cancer develops after the genetic material in cells changes abnormally and there is unregulated growth of these cells. When there are enough of these abnormal cells, they can form a tumour.

Lung cancer often is a result of chronic exposure to tobacco smoke, either from smoking or from being around second-hand smoke. It also is linked to exposure to certain substances like radon gas or asbestos, or from prior radiation treatment to or over the lungs. These days a very prominent cause of lung cancer specially in India which is rising at a rapid rate is air pollution and there are many studies correlating lung cancer to air pollution.

What are the types of Lung Cancer? There are two main types

Non-small cell lung cancer

Squamouscell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Bronchoalveolarcarcinoma

Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma

Smallcell lung cancer

What are the Stages of Lung Cancer?

Staging is important to plan treatment and is based:

Size

Location

Metastasis

The stages of lung cancer are: Stage 1: Confined to lung, not spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs. Surgery is the best modality at this stage.

Stage 2: Cancer has spread from to nearby lymph nodes. Surgery followed by adjuvant therapy is best treatment.

Stage 3: Cancer is in the lung and has spread to mediastinal lymph nodes. Chemotherapy may be recommended before and after surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy. Targeted therapies may be used after surgery.

Stage 4 (Metastatic): Cancer has progressed beyond the lung to distant organs. This advanced stage of cancer is commonly managed by non surgical methods like palliative chemoradiation and targeted therapies.

How is lung cancer diagnosed? Diagnostic phase is tailor basedaccording to each individual patient. Tests may include:

Blood Tests (Blood Draws) Several blood tests are required to help establish the diagnosis and plan the further course of treatment.

Imaging (Radiology) To obtain the most precise understanding of your cancer, your doctor may schedule you for different types of imaging that diagnose cancer. This may include Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) or Positron Emission Tomography(PET) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).

Lung Biopsy (Pathology) If imaging or other screening tests show that there is atumour, a biopsy will be needed. This test takes a tiny sample of cells from abnormal areas of tissue. This of an image guidence depending on the location of the tumour.

Ultrasound guided Biopsy

CT (Computed Tomography) Guided biopsy

Endo Bronchial UltraSound Biopsy for Lymph Nodes or Centrally located tumours

What are the tests done to stage lung cancer? The clinical staging is important to treat and to prognosticate. This will require

Whole Body PET/CT Scan Positron emission tomography (PET) Scan is a special imaging modality wherein a small amounts of radioactive materials called radiotracers or radiopharmaceuticals are injected in to the veins. These radiotracers accumulate in areas where there may be tumour cells and will be detected using a special camera and a computer. By identifying changes at the cellular level, PET scan may detect the early onset of disease before other imaging tests can and also help in identifying whether the disease is limited to lungs or has spread beyond it.

MRI Brain Certain patients will require MRI of the brain to rule out spread to brain which sometimes is not picked up by PET scan.

Endo-Bronchial Ultrasound Guided staging of Mediastinal Lymph nodes This test is used to check for spread of the cancer to regional or Mediastinal Nodes. It involves the use of a special bronchoscope which has an ultrasound probe at its tip. This is used to visualise the lymph nodes from which needle biopsy is taken and which is then subjected to evaluation by Pathologists for presence of cancer cells

Mediastinoscopy This is a surgical procedure that is advised in patients with Lung Cancer to conclusively rule out the involvement of Mediastinal Nodes in the central part of the chest, which is the space between the heart, lungs, windpipe, and esophagus.

Tag = Lung Transplant Surgeon in Gurgaon, Lung Cancer Treatment in Gurgaon, Lung Cancer Treatment in Delhi

For More Information www.drharshvardhanpuri.com

Know More About Thymoma Treatment in Delhi

[thoracic-surgeon]

The Types And Stages Of Lung Cancer Explained By Dr. Harsh Vardhan Puri

What is lung cancer?

Lung cancer is when cells of lungs mutate (change abnormally) and begin growing out of control. These cells grow in an unregulated manner.

They are divided into benign (noncancerous), meaning they do not grow into surrounding areas or spread in the body an malignant (cancerous) tumours grow into nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).

A biopsy is required to determine the diagnosis of a tumour that appears suspicious on imaging.

How does lung cancer develop?

This is a matter of debate but in general, cancer develops after the genetic material in cells changes abnormally and there is unregulated growth of these cells. When there are enough of these abnormal cells, they can form a tumour.

Lung cancer often is a result of chronic exposure to tobacco smoke, either from smoking or from being around second-hand smoke. It also is linked to exposure to certain substances like radon gas or asbestos, or from prior radiation treatment to or over the lungs. These days a very prominent cause of lung cancer specially in India which is rising at a rapid rate is air pollution and there are many studies corelating lung cancer to air pollution.

What are the types of Lung Cancer?

There are two main types

Non-small cell lung cancer

Squamouscell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Bronchoalveolarcarcinoma

Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma

Smallcell lung cancer

What are the Stages of Lung Cancer?

Staging is important to plan treatment and is based:

Size

Location

Metastasis

The stages of lung cancer are:

Stage 1: Confined to lung, not spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs. Surgery is the best modality at this stage.

Stage 2: Cancer has spread from to nearby lymph nodes. Surgery followed by adjuvant therapy is best treatment.

Stage 3: Cancer is in the lung and has spread to mediastinal lymph nodes. Chemotherapy may be recommended before and after surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy. Targeted therapies may be used after surgery.

Stage 4 (Metastatic): Cancer has progressed beyond the lung to distant organs. This advanced stage of cancer is commonly managed by non surgical methods like palliative chemoradiation and targeted therapies.

How is lung cancer diagnosed?

Diagnostic phase is tailor basedaccording to each individual patient. Tests may include:

Blood Tests (Blood Draws)

Several blood tests are required to help establish the diagnosis and plan the further course of treatment.

Imaging (Radiology)

To obtain the most precise understanding of your cancer, your doctor may schedule you for different types of imaging that diagnose cancer. This may include Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) or Positron Emission Tomography(PET) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).

Lung Biopsy (Pathology)

If imaging or other screening tests show that there is atumour, a biopsy will be needed. This test takes a tiny sample of cells from abnormal areas of tissue. This of an image guidence depending on the location of the tumour.

Ultrasound guided Biopsy

CT (Computed Tomography) Guided biopsy

Endo Bronchial UltraSound Biopsy for Lymph Nodes or Centrally located tumours

What are the tests done to stage lung cancer?

The clinical staging is important to treat and to prognosticate. This will require

Whole Body PET/CT Scan

Positron emission tomography (PET) Scan is a special imaging modality wherein a small amounts of radioactive materials called radiotracers or radiopharmaceuticals are injected in to the veins. These radiotracers accumulate in areas where there may be tumour cells and will be detected using a special camera and a computer. By identifying changes at the cellular level, PET scan may detect the early onset of disease before other imaging tests can and also help in identifying whether the disease is limited to lungs or has spread beyond it.

MRI Brain

Certain patients will require MRI of the brain to rule out spread to brain which sometimes is not picked up by PET scan.

Endo-Bronchial Ultrasound Guided staging of Mediastinal Lymph nodes

This test is used to check for spread of the cancer to regional or Mediastinal Nodes. It involves the use of a special bronchoscope which has an ultrasound probe at its tip. This is used to visualise the lymph nodes from which needle biopsy is taken and which is then subjected to evaluation by Pathologists for presence of cancer cells

Mediastinoscopy

This is a surgical procedure which is advised in patients with Lung Cancer to conclusively rule out involvement of Mediastinal Nodes in the central part of the chest, which is the space between the heart, lungs, windpipe, and oesophagus.

How is lung cancer treated?

Small Cell Lung Cancer

Usually small cell lung cancer patients present at a stage where the cancer has already spread beyond the lungs. Such patients are treated with chemotherapy. Surgery is limited to very early stage disease in patients who have not yet have lymph nodal or distant spread. Radiotherapy may also be required in its management.

Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

This cancer is treated by Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and targeted therapy or in combination. If detected early Surgery appears to offer the best long-term results.

Treatment by Stage of Disease

Stage I

For stage I NSCLC, surgery should be the only treatment needed. This may Involve removal of piece of lung as described below

Lobectomy

The Right and the Left Lung is made up of parts which are called lobes.

Right Lung – Upper, Middle & Lower Lobe

Left Lung – Upper & Lower Lobe

Surgical removal of a lobe is known as lobectomy. Based on the current evidence wherever feasible removal of the lung cancer containing lobe is considered as the standard treatment option. Along with the lobe lymph nodes around the lung and in the mediastinum will be taken out also. Everything removed is sent for histopathological diagnosis. This will help take decision regarding requirement of any additional treatment.

Segmentectomy or Wedge Resection

Done rarely and is generally reserved only for very small stage I cancers and for patients with other health problems that make removing the entire lobe dangerous.

Pneumonectomy

Pneumonectomy means removal of the entire lung of one side. Its is done only in cases where complete removal of the tumour is not possible with a lobectomy. Experienced surgical teams will avoid doing a pneumonectomy using there expertise wherein they can salvage the lobes by doing special surgeries like sleeve resection. However despite everything sometimes pneumonectomy is unavoidable.

After surgery, the removed tissue is checked to see if there are cancer cells at the edges of the surgery specimen (called positive margins). This could mean that some cancer has been left behind, so a second surgery might be done to try to ensure that all the cancer has been removed. (This might be followed by chemotherapy as well.) Another option might be to use radiation therapy after surgery. For people with stage I NSCLC that has a higher risk of coming back (based on size, location, or other factors), adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery may lower the risk that cancer will return. New lab tests that look at the patterns of certain genes in the cancer cells may help with this.

Non-Surgical Option for Stage I NSCLC

For patients with serious health problems that prevents them from having surgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or another type of radiation therapy may be considered as an alternative main treatment. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may be another option if the tumour is small and in the outer part of the lung.

Stage II NSCLC

People with stage II NSCLC who are otherwise fit for surgery are treated by removal of the lung cancer by lobectomy or sleeve resection. Sometimes removing the whole lung (pneumonectomy) is needed. Any lymph nodes likely to have cancer in them are also removed. The extent of lymph node involvement and whether or not cancer cells are found at the edges of the removed tissues are important factors when planning the next step of treatment.

After surgery, the removed tissue is checked to see if there are cancer cells at the edges of the surgery specimen. This might mean that some cancer has been left behind, so a second surgery might be done to try to remove any remaining cancer. This may be followed by chemotherapy (chemo). Another option is to treat with radiation, sometimes with chemo.

Even if positive margins are not found, chemo is usually recommended after surgery to try to destroy any cancer cells that might have been left behind.

In case of serious medical problems that would keep you from having surgery, you may get only radiation therapy as your main treatment.

Treating stage III NSCLC

Stage IIIA NSCLC

Treatment may include some combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy (chemo), and/or surgery. For this reason, planning treatment for stage IIIA NSCLC often requires input from a multidisciplinary team consisting of a medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and a thoracic surgeon. Treatment options depend on the size of the tumor, its location, which lymph nodes it has spread to and the overall health and fitness for tolerating treatment.

These patients usually require chemotherapy to start the treatment which may or may not be combined with radiation therapy (also called chemoradiation). Chemotherapy in this setting that is before surgery is called Neo-Adjuvant Therapy (NACT or NACTRT). After a few cycles of NACT/RT the patient is revaluated and in patients with good response and absence of disease progression surgery is consoderd if the surgeon thinks the entire disease can be removed and the patient os fit to undergo such treatment. In some cases surgery may be offered as the first followed by chemo, and possibly radiation therapy if it hasn’t been given before.

Stage IIIB NSCLC

Patients with Stage IIIB NSCLC have lung Cancer that has spread to lymph nodes that are near the opposite lung or in the neck or the have tumour that has grown into / invaded nearby important structures in the chest. These cancers can’t be removed completely by surgery. As with other stages of lung cancer, treatment depends on the patient’s overall health. Most of such patients are not good surgical candidates and maybe offered definitive treatment by combination of chemo and radiotherapy. Some people can even be cured with this treatment. If the cancer stays under control after 2 or more treatments of chemoradiation, immunotherapy can be considered for keeping the disease stable.

In patients not fit to undergo combination of chemotherapy, either of the modality alone may be used and these patients can be considered for immunotherapy. These are difficult to treat cancers and have relatively worse prognosis.

Stage IV NSCLC

Spread of the Lung cancer beyond the confines of the chest corresponds to Stage IV NSCLC. At this stage Lung Cancer cannot be cured, however it can be controlled using chemotherapy (chemo), targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. This may increase the life of the patients and may improve the quality of life by relieving symptoms but these are not likely to cure.

Prevention of Lung Cancer

The best prevention is to avoid exposure to tobacco smoke and to avoid exposure to certain workplace chemicals. A heathy diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables and regular exercise are recommended for your overall health.

Treatment of Lung Cancer

The treatment of Lung cancer is guided by:

The Type of Lung Cancer

The Stage of Lung Cancer

Patient overall condition and Fitness level

TAG- Best Thoracic Surgeon in Gurgaon, Lung Transplant Surgeon in Gurgaon, Lung Cancer Treatment in Gurgaon

[gblightinginc]

It's not a question of 'if', but 'when' #smartcities and #smallcell poles will become the norm:

[natesafety]

The 5G-Small Cell Deployment Training attendees are hard at work this morning in Nashville, Tennessee. For more information and to register for a FREE course in Bellevue, Washington; Denver, Colorado; Portland, Maine or Charleston, West Virginia follow this link and scroll to the bottom of the page: https://bit.ly/39r1cpL

[yeshealthplease]

Study defines small-cell lung cancer subtypes and distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities for each type

Study defines small-cell lung cancer subtypes and distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities for each type

Researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have developed the first comprehensive framework to classify small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) into four unique subtypes, based on gene expression, and have identified potential therapeutic targets for each type in a study published today in Cancer Cell. SCLC is known for rapid, aggressive growth and resistance to treatment, which…

[csunshare]

Keep raising awareness about the danger of 5G. The satellites are particularly terrifying and are being launched without the informed consent of the global population. Read Arthur Firstenberg's research about the satellites at 5gspaceappeal.org and join his newsletter. These maniacs are threatening life on Earth as we know it and must be stopped. ✊️ 🔆 To Protect yourself Read Below 👇 The Technology of the EMF Protector - 🗝️ Not functioning on frequency, functioning on depolarization, functioning on lessening the actual EMF exposure and adding electrons to your body and environment. There is no other product in the world that does this. They are the only company that even claims to reduce radiation. Read the studies. 🧩 The Technology generates its own electricity and produces a torus field and fills this torus field with electrons. These electrons neutralize free radicals and puts a protective layer of electrons on your body. When the radiation from cellular, wifi, and other emf sources comes in contact with your body the electrons on your body provide a reaction point instead of the radiation going inside your body to react with cell membranes. users report increased energy, stamina and focus reduced feelings of stress while in the home or at work. 🔆 CONCLUSION ⚜️ 🧩 The scientific testing of the supposed protective influence of the EMF Protection device on human organism against wireless router radiation demonstrated multiple statistically significant effects. Electrophysiological parameters of 15 volunteers were monitored with three different exposure groups: verum, sham and absolute control (n=15 for each group). 🔆 ‼️‼️ Ask me for the links to the EMF protector and studies ⚜️ @CSunShare 💫 . . . . . #5G #stop5g #cancer #carcinogen #wireless #radiation #smallcell #wakeup #health #childrenshealth #wellness #wellbeing #consciousness #awareness #emfprotector #emf #emfdevice #emfprotection #radiationprotection #staygrounded #emfradiation #emfshield #5gprotection (at USA, California) https://www.instagram.com/p/CDy61QVn67b/?igshid=egcijibja3lo

[ashishtriton]

NORTH AMERICA SMALL CELL MARKET 2019-2028

 According to an analysis by Triton Market Research, the small cell market in North America will proliferate at a CAGR of 23.02% over the forthcoming period between 2019 and 2028.

The countries evaluated in the North American small cell market are:

•         Canada

•         The United States

In the United States, about 30000 small cell nodes are in operation. One of the largest operators in the US, Crown Castle, had 13126 live nodes in 2017, along with another 5000 under construction process. American Tower has been targeting niche markets like ski resorts, high-end neighborhoods and university campuses with small cells. Major enterprises in the country have planned to deploy approximately 400000 small cells by 2019. The carriers in the US are currently implementing small cells in order to expand the coverage, thereby paving the way for the growth of 5G technology.

https://www.tritonmarketresearch.com/reports/north-america-small-cell-market#request-free-sample

Besides, Verizon Wireless is presently deploying small cells to cater to the increasing demand for data in different parts of the country. Small cells are not only used to meet the escalating customer demand for data, but also to create new jobs & services and capabilities, including connected cars, smart communities, smart farming and the IoT (Internet of Things).

In 2019, AT&T, another carrier, has planned to deploy mobile 5G in major 12 cities in the United States. It also highlighted that the service would make use of small cells deployed closer to the ground rather than the conventional tower top radios supporting LTE. In addition, the FCC has approved new regulations for supporting the US carriers to make easy deployment of small cell infrastructure. All these factors are helping the growth of the small cell market in the region.

Airspan Networks Inc is a company that provides 4G broadband wireless products & solutions across the world. It offers high-speed voice, data and multimedia services to operators and related markets in different frequency bands. The company has headquarters in Florida, US. The company provides AirVelocity, which is an LTE-advanced small cell that is designed for converting public access LTE networks to indoor space networks.

 Some players in the small cell market are SAMSUNG, Comba Telecom Systems Holdings Ltd, Fujitsu, Cisco Systems Inc, Qucell, NOKIA, NEC Corporation, ZTE Corporation, CommScope, Ericsson, Airspan Networks, AT&T Intellectual Property, Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, Accelleran NV and Corning Incorporated.

[lyfearoundme]

5G posts we’re pretty silent up until now. Research the hashtags ⬇️ below. Repost from @marksofthebeast using @RepostRegramApp - Plans to transition to #5G around the world is already underway.  Soon every city will be retrofitted with this technology. Mini cell stations will be placed all throughout our neighborhoods and cities. They will be installed on the sides or tops of buildings and on street light poles. A 5G #celltower is more dangerous than other #celltowers for two main reasons: First, 5G is ultra high frequency and ultra high intensity. 3G & 4G use between a 1 - 4 gigahertz frequency. 5G uses between a 24 - 90 gigahertz frequency. To put this in perspective, 90 gigahertz is 90 billion electromagnetic waves hitting the cells in your body per second. This is a whole lot more #radiation than we are exposed to naturally. Second, because of the shorter length of #millimeterwaves (MMV) required by 5G to support the bandwidth, these shorter waves do not travel as far nor through objects. This means with our current number of cell towers the cell signal will not be reliable. To compensate many more mini cell towers must be installed. It is estimated that they will need a mini cell station every 2 - 8 houses. Health experts believe this increased exposure to 5G will have a devastating impact on our health. #GWENTOWERS #SMALLCELL #GWENTOWER #HIDDENAGENDA #AGENDA21 #AGENDA2030 #SMARTGRID #ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE #BRAINDAMAGE #HAARP #GEOENGINEERING #MICROWAVERADIATION #CHEMTRAILS #NANOBOTS #RFID #MINDCONTROL #PROPAGANDA #CONSPIRACY #CONSPIRACYTHEORY #ARCHON #DIRECTENERGYWEAPONS #SILENTWEAPONSFORQUIETWARS #NEWWORLDORDER #WAKEUP #BRANDALISM https://www.instagram.com/p/BslAB52Flgy/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1wajnmzderydy

[madhushrikumar]

5G Small Cell Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Application (Residential & SOHO, Enterprises and Others), By Communication Infrastructure (Femtocell, Metrocell, Picocell and Microcell), and Regional Forecast, 2019-2026