#synthesis paper sample

[bee-calm]

tbhk but they're lab-based phd students- because sometimes you just need to make the most self-indulgent au you can think of

nene

marine microbiology

talks to her culture plates, swears it makes them grow faster

tries to put cute labels on her samples then can’t remember what ANY of her shorthand means the next day

forgets her pass and gets locked out at least once a day 

algae clip-art in all of her presentations

sings in the microscope room, thinks nobody can hear her singing in the microscope room

once thought she’d re-written scientific dogma then realised she’d put a decimal point in the wrong place

thinks transcriptomics is witchcraft. is currently doing transcriptomics.

brings chocolates for the rest of the lab, is everyone’s favourite because of it

became best friends with aoi when they somehow managed to double-book the flow cytometer

could read those papers she’s been saving for weeks, OR she could spend two hours changing the colour scheme on her figures 

amane

materials chemistry, probably something space-exploration-aligned

pure synthesis, if it’s bigger than a kilodalton then he doesn’t want it anywhere near him

if there is an unlabelled round-bottom flask in the lab freezer then there’s a 90% chance it belongs to him. claims he can tell the chemicals apart by Vibes alone (amane voice: nmr is for Weaklings)

worlds messiest fume hood, yet somehow the worlds most immaculate desk-space. (currently the biggest scientific mystery the rest of the lab is working towards) 

will tell people (read: kou) that biochem isn’t real chemistry just to cause problems 

really good at teaching project students

also really good at scaring the project students by pretending to drink the toxic chemicals

extensive lanyard pin collection 

nobody has ever actually seen him go home

has a set of glassware-themed coffee mugs. much debate as to whether or not he just stole them from the lab.

kou

structural biology

just a guy and his 10 litre E.coli grow-up

once spilled an vat of LB all over the bacteria room. legend has it the stains are still there to this day

banned teru from the cryoEM room after he walked in and the entire setup almost crashed 

likes modelling structures, wonders why his computer is always running so slowly, fails to consider that the 5 pymol projects he has open at all times may have something to do with it

serial offender for walking home still wearing his goggles

thinks mammalian cell work is witchcraft 

incredibly chaotic labwork processes, still somehow gets the results anyway. most common saying: ‘this is not going in the methods section’

once dropped his earring into the liquid nitrogen tank, has still not lived it down 

has a framed photo of his first crystal on his desk

ongoing war with mitsuba over whether electron microscopy is real microscopy or not

keeps taking on side projects for other people, has yet to realise that this may be the reason he never gets to go home on time

teru

molecular biology

theory x1000, ask him a question after his presentation and there’s a 90% chance he’s got a bonus slide already prepared to answer it

benchwork also x1000, that person who asks ‘oh can i try?’ and gets amazing results first time on the experiment you’ve been trying to get right for weeks.

cell culture x0, banned from the tissue culture room, WILL contaminate any flask put within 5 feet of him

the machines hate him. the centrifuge keeps trying to eat his samples. the plate reader breaks on him at least once a week.

serial weekender

stickler for lab safety, can and will send out threatening emails reminding people to wear their gloves and lab coats

once drew the entire signalling cascade for his target molecule from memory on the whiteboard in a lab meeting and it was impressive enough that nobody has wiped it off yet 

keeps doing horrendous timecourses, can be found taking plate readings at stupid o clock in the morning 

aoi

immunology 

the flow panels she manages to pull off are a constant subject of awe and horror 

likes working weekends because it means nobody can hear her verbally threatening her cell cultures when they’re not behaving

can fit a scary amount of information onto the lid of an eppendorf tube

when stressed can be found hiding out in the plant biology greenhouses. has made friends with some genetically modified tomatoes

rocks up to the lab meeting with publication-ready figures for an experiment she did yesterday

the source of 90% of the passive aggressive post-it notes around the lab

everyone dreads her post-presentation questions. will dissect your experiments and do it with a smile.

started off working normal hours but has gradually become borderline nocturnal over time

teru contaminated her cells once, has been using it as leverage to make him collect things from stores for her ever since

keeps giving akane’s email to sales reps instead of her own so she can get free stuff without ever being contacted by them again

akane

biophysics 

scary single molecule data, deliberately puts huge equations on his presentations so nobody will ask him questions

might as well get paid lab tech wages too, chronically stuck on stock solution duty

crashed the lab computer trying to run one of his datasets on it

the only reason the lab has a booking system for the equipment. anarchy would prevail if he wasn’t around.

will go off to do photobleaching experiments and emerge hours later looking like a cave creature

keeps having to fix the equipment that teru breaks

perpetually receiving emails meant for aoi by people who got their names mixed up

also perpetually receiving emails from the company sales reps who aoi told his email to so she wouldn’t have to deal with them

says he needs to stop working weekends, then suddenly it’s saturday and he’s stuck in the microscope room with teru again

has somehow acquired a small army of project students (none of them are studying the same thing as him)

incubation time= coffee time

mitsuba

cell biology

made a cell line, treats it like it’s his baby

trust issues, won’t let ANYONE share his reagents. serial pipette hoarder.

neat lab book, can still somehow never find where he put his protocols or what concentrations he used his antibodies at

could probably win an award for his immunofluorescence images, someone automatically turns the lights off when it’s his turn to present in lab meetings bc he’s guaranteed to have cool microscopy to show

thinks bacteria work is disgusting. ensures kou knows this.

[emerging from a 5-hour session in the microscope room] what day is it?????

loves his work, doesn’t act like it (the reagents smell bad. the lab benches are dirty. people keep using the milk he brought to put in the fridge. nobody cleans the water bath. if there’s nothing to complain about, he’ll make something.)

threatens to move to industry at least once a day 

outright refuses to do weekends

found the perfect colour scheme for his graphs, considers this the highlight of his entire degree

any minor inconvenience is an excuse to go to the cafe on campus

natsuhiko

innate immunity, infection

zebrafish models

nobody is sure if he bought a tie-dye lab coat or if it’s just that badly stained

has absolutely named his fish (doesn’t actually remember which is which, but the sentiment is there)

forever followed by a gaggle of project students. is constantly reminding them to do as he says, not as he does 

incubation times are a suggestion, not a rule (read: keeps getting distracted and leaving his experiments way longer than necessary)

convinced he’s going to be patient zero of the zombie apocalypse when he accidentally creates super-salmonella and infects himself 

serial distractor, WILL chat to people while they’re in the middle of a 96-well plate

isn’t going to eat the LB agar, but the temptation is always there

someone bought him the ‘women want me, fish fear me’ hat for his birthday, keeps it on his desk

the confocal microscope hates to see him coming (5 hours is a short session when you’re trying to take z-stacks of an entire fish)

sakura 

drug discovery 

probably dabbles in synthesis, plays orchestral music while running columns bc apparently it gives them better separation 

tea drawer in the office, WILL pull out an entire teapot during their incubation times 

best dressed person in the lab, at all times

eternal struggle of dangly earrings versus the samples they’re leaning over

neat handwriting, still terrible at labelling eppendorfs (what are the lids so small for)

incubation times to the second

runs BIG experiments, has mastered the art of the plate plan. made a template which has somehow ended up distributed around the entire department 

ceo of not replying to sales rep emails 

mildly allergic to the nitrile gloves, the drawer below the tea drawer is the hand cream drawer

earphones + cell culture is the ideal de-stress activity

over-prepares for presentations, will spend 2 weeks rehearsing an informal flash talk

probably the only person who actually sends their lab coat to get washed

mei

tissue engineering 

has designed all of her labmates a mug with terrible research-relevant science puns on them 

invented side-projects, has probably got a collaboration ongoing with every other lab in the department 

bought a label printer for her reagents, has way too much fun with it

thought a week-long experiment was bad? try two months

life goal is to get to try making DNA origami just to say she did it

keeps starting doodle chains on the lab whiteboard

experiment worked= sweet treat to celebrate

experiment failed= sweet treat to commiserate 

probably did a masters in the microbiology department, they keep trying to convince her to switch projects back to them bc her streak plating was gallery-worthy

picks up her lab coat and 10 pens fall out of the pockets

sold her soul to parafilm

tsukasa

RNA therapeutics

goes in cell culture with no gloves, still somehow doesn’t get contamination 

that one insane person who actually enjoys the stress of working with RNA

doesn’t even do SDS-PAGE but still has coomassie stain all over his lab coat 

keeps launching dry ice rockets 

homebrewed a microfluidics system in the lab, it makes weird noises at night and everyone is slightly terrified of it

keeps materialising in the corner of the microscope room when mitsuba is in the middle of taking images. the cause of many a dropped slide.

plots his data in excel

worlds worst file names. no system, no dates, just a keyboard smash and a prayer

who needs desk space when you can just move your laptop into the lab

gave into temptation and tasted the cell culture media once. it was disappointing 

either the most incoherent presentation you’ve ever seen, or a major scientific breakthrough, no inbetween 

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 13, 2025

Representational drift in barrel cortex is receptive field dependent. Ahmed, A., Voelcker, B., & Peron, S. (2024). Current Biology, 34(24), 5623-5634.e4.

Monkeys engage in visual simulation to solve complex problems. Ahuja, A., Yusif Rodriguez, N., Ashok, A. K., Serre, T., Desrochers, T. M., & Sheinberg, D. L. (2024). Current Biology, 34(24), 5635-5645.e3.

Theta oscillations optimize a speed-precision trade-off in phase coding neurons. Amil, A. F., Albesa-González, A., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(12), e1012628.

Semantic relatedness proactively benefits learning, memory, and interdependence across episodes. Bennion, K. A., Phong, J., Le, M., Cheng, K., Wahlheim, C. N., & Antony, J. W. (2024). eLife, 13, e95480.3.

Efficient value synthesis in the orbitofrontal cortex explains how loss aversion adapts to the ranges of gain and loss prospects. Brochard, J., & Daunizeau, J. (2024). eLife, 13, e80979.

Prediction-based false memory: Unconfirmed prediction can result in robust false memories. Bulatova, O., & Fukuda, K. (2025). Cognition, 255, 106013.

Perceptual constancy for an odor is acquired through changes in primary sensory neurons. Conway, M., Oncul, M., Allen, K., Zhang, Z., & Johnston, J. (2024). Science Advances, 10(50).

Exploring the hierarchical structure of human plans via program generation. Correa, C. G., Sanborn, S., Ho, M. K., Callaway, F., Daw, N. D., & Griffiths, T. L. (2025). Cognition, 255, 105990.

Discrete Synaptic Events Induce Global Oscillations in Balanced Neural Networks. Goldobin, D. S., di Volo, M., & Torcini, A. (2024). Physical Review Letters, 133(23), 238401.

Sculpting new visual categories into the human brain. Iordan, C. R., Ritvo, V. J. H., Norman, K. A., Turk-Browne, N. B., & Cohen, J. D. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(50), e2410445121.

Rapid, systematic updating of movement by accumulated decision evidence. Molano-Mazón, M., Garcia-Duran, A., Pastor-Ciurana, J., Hernández-Navarro, L., Bektic, L., Lombardo, D., de la Rocha, J., & Hyafil, A. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 10583.

A computational approach to the N-back task. Ni, L., & Ma, W. J. (2024). Scientific Reports, 14, 30211.

Social conformity is a heuristic when individual risky decision-making is disrupted. Orloff, M. A., Chung, D., Gu, X., Wang, X., Gao, Z., Song, G., Tatineni, C., Xu, S., Casas, B., & Chiu, P. H. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(12), e1012602.

Parallel development of object recognition in newborn chicks and deep neural networks. Pandey, L., Lee, D., Wood, S. M. W., & Wood, J. N. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(12), e1012600.

Intermittent rate coding and cue-specific ensembles support working memory. Panichello, M. F., Jonikaitis, D., Oh, Y. J., Zhu, S., Trepka, E. B., & Moore, T. (2024). Nature, 636(8042), 422–429.

Memory reactivation generates new, adaptive behaviours that reach beyond direct experience. Rawson, A. B., Nalluru, S., O’Reilly, J. X., & Barron, H. C. (2024). Scientific Reports, 14, 30097.

Neuronal circuit mechanisms of competitive interaction between action-based and coincidence learning. Rozenfeld, E., & Parnas, M. (2024). Science Advances, 10(49).

Representation of a perceptual bias in the prefrontal cortex. Serrano-Fernández, L., Beirán, M., Romo, R., & Parga, N. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(50), e2312831121.

Vector coding and place coding in hippocampus share a common directional signal. Zhou, Y.-Q., Puliyadi, V., Chen, X., Lee, J. L., Zhang, L.-Y., & Knierim, J. J. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 10630.

Value construction through sequential sampling explains serial dependencies in decision making. Zylberberg, A., Bakkour, A., Shohamy, D., & Shadlen, M. N. (2024). eLife, 13, e96997.3.

[dragoneyes613]

The Dreyfus Affair became a metaphor for antisemitism and, in one of the most unlikely and ironic sequence of events in Jewish history, Dreyfus (1859-1935), a wholly assimilated Jew, played a critical, if unintended, role in the rebirth of the State of Israel.

After French Intelligence had intercepted the “Bordereau,” a secret military document sent to the German military attaché (1894), Eduard Drumont, founder of the antisemitic daily La Libre Parole, published a report accusing Dreyfus, the only Jewish member of the French General Staff, of spying for Germany. Major Joseph Henry forged documents implicating Dreyfus and, after a secret trial, Dreyfus was convicted of treason (December 21, 1894) and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil’s Island. He was paraded through the streets of Paris to mob jeers of “Death to the Jews” and was stripped of his sword in a humiliating public ceremony. Intelligence later seized a letter written by Major Ferdinand Esterhazy which clearly established that Esterhazy, not Dreyfus, was the German agent, but the French government quashed this evidence and Esterhazy was acquitted.

On January 13, 1898, Emile Zola (1840-1902), perhaps most famous 19th century French author, published the most legendary open letter in history, his famous J’Accuse!, in which he accused the government and the military with conspiracy and malicious libel against Dreyfus. (Zola escaped to England after being convicted of libel for writing J’Accuse!) Antisemitic riots broke out throughout France and the Dreyfus Affair became a major public issue. In 1898, the case was reopened and Henry’s forgeries were detected; nevertheless, Dreyfus was again found guilty (September 9, 1899) and was sentenced to five years in prison. This second miscarriage of justice evoked international condemnation and, finally, Dreyfus was pardoned by President Emile Lubet (1906).

The Dreyfus Affair made a powerful impact on the outlook of world Jewry. In particular, Herzl’s confidence in liberalism, badly shaken when he personally witnessed Dreyfus’s disgrace, led him to the Zionist Idea. Jews everywhere realized that if such hatred of Jews could occur in France, the so-called “homeland of liberty,” against a wholly assimilated Jew, then Jews couldn’t be safe anywhere and assimilation was no defense against antisemitism.

Drumont financed La Libre Parole from the proceeds of the publication of his magnum opus, La France Juive (“Jewish France,”1886), which provided his readers with a unified synthesis of antisemitic history. A Voltairean who later became a devout Catholic, he was uniquely able to draw on both Church tradition and the secular Enlightenment in expounding on the “Jewish plot” to dominate France; in promoting the blood libel and the Jewish poisoning of wells; in justifying the Spanish Inquisition as Christianity’s right to protect itself against Jewish treason; and in characterizing the French Emancipation of 1791 as a grievous error and arguing for the exclusion of Jews from society. La France Juive became one of the greatest commercial successes of the 19th century, selling over 100,000 copies in its first year, an almost unimaginable triumph at the time and evidencing his keen understanding of the tenor of the time. Drumont attracted many supporters, and he was one of the primary sources of antisemitic ideas that would later be embraced by Nazism.

Drumont paper token: Verso: Long live Drumont, down with the Jews.”

In this classically antisemitic May 22, 1897 correspondence, Drumont writes from Paris:

What would you like me to write in the album? One date: May 22, 1897… when this album will be studied in a few years, public opinion will undoubtedly change as the result of the work of my colleagues and myself. They will know then, too late I am afraid, that we acted out of affection for our country. We tried to protect our forefathers’ faith, in the land of our forefathers, the purity of the racial line of our forefathers against the Semites [i.e., the Jews] – the invaders and greedy money-chasing people who sought only to harm an innocent and too confident nation that accepted as brothers its merciless enemies.

Drumont’s downfall began when he made the Rothschilds and their banking family a frequent target of his antisemitic diatribes. He was sued by a vice president of the Chamber of Deputies, who had libelously alleged that the VP had taken a bribe from Édouard Alphonse de Rothschild to enact particular legislation favored by Rothschild; unable to provide any evidence to support his allegations, Drumont was incarcerated for three months, fined, and ordered to publish a retraction. Thereafter, his fortunes declined, and he died in obscurity and penury.

Ferdinand Esterhazy (1847-1923), a French traitor who served as a spy for Germany, was the perpetrator of the crime for which Dreyfus had been wrongly accused and convicted. Born in Paris, he was orphaned at an early age after some schooling at the Lycée Bonaparte. After unaccountably disappearing from public notice (1865), he was later found engaged in the Roman legion in the service of the Pope (1869) and, upon entering the French Foreign Legion as an ensign (1870), he began calling himself “Count Esterhazy.” There being a dearth of officers after the French catastrophe in the Sudan, Esterhazy’s military advancement was unusually rapid: lieutenant (1874); captain (1880); decorated officer (1882) – as a member of the Intelligence Department, he inserted in the official records a citation of his grand “exploits in war,” which were later discovered to be false – and major (1892). After the war with Germany, he was employed as a German translator at the Intelligence Office.

Back in Paris, an irresponsible Esterhazy squandered his small fortune and was desperate after having failed to retrieve his fortune in gambling houses and on the stock exchange. In 1892, when the Libre Parole published a series of articles regarding the “preponderance of the Jewish element” in the French army, Captain Crémieu-Foa, a Jewish officer in the French cavalry, challenged Drumont, to a duel and inflicted a slight wound upon him. Esterhazy, who had served as Crémieu-Foa’s second in the duel, pretended that this “chivalrous” role had earned him the enmity of his family and supporters and thus obtained – through, ironically, Zadoc Kahn, the chief rabbi of France – financial assistance from the Rothschilds. Nonetheless, he continued as an ardent supporter of the editors of La Libre Parole.

Notwithstanding a successful military career, he nevertheless considered himself wronged, and he spoke against the entire French army, and even against France herself, for which he predicted and hoped for new disasters. Such a man, lacking even the slightest spark of patriotism, was destined to become the prey of treason and, indeed, he became a paid German spy. Initially, pretending that he received information from Major Henry (who had been his comrade in the French military counter-intelligence section), Esterhazy furnished some interesting information about the artillery, but his information was such that he must have had other informants (who were not necessarily his accomplices.)

Nonetheless, Esterhazy’s information soon became of little importance to the Germans, and the difficulties he endured in getting information were very apparent from the very text of the Bordereau, which was used to incriminate Dreyfus. After Esterhazy was exposed by Colonel Picquart as the true author of the Bordereau, he was forced to undergo a trial behind closed doors by French Military Justice (January 10-11, 1898), where he was unexpectedly acquitted. He fled to the relative safety of Great Britain (September 1898), where he remained for the rest of his life.

Esterhazy’s July 2, 1898 correspondence.

In this July 2, 1898 correspondence, Esterhazy, in deep financial straits, writes:

My dear Emmanuel, In the middle of the painful ordeals I have been enduring for almost nine months and in which, I think, I have plumbed the depths of human cowardice, I have not forgotten your friendship from the first day and the debt I owe to you. You probably know about the separation with my wife, which caused me great pain and great troubles. My wife [ ] with her houses, and the court ruling returned her property and its management back to her, but I am waiting and, yes, I beg you, very confidentially, because I have hidden it from everyone, I am waiting for the end of the Zola trials on the 18th of this month in Versailles… I will reimburse you… You can count on it…

Esterhazy was a compulsive gambler, habitual liar, and a crook who women found entrancing. He liked to pick them up in first-class compartments in trains, and it was on a fateful passage from Le Havre to Paris that he met and won Marguerite Pays, the paramour who helped him forge documents in the Dreyfus Affair. Esterhazy’s wife – whom he described as a “spendthrift” and “ninny” – divorced him in 1899. She had stood bravely by him, but he repaid her with neglect, abuse, and flagrant unfaithfulness. Matters reached a crisis when Esterhazy sought to introduce his young daughter to Marguerite, a gratuitous insult which stung Madame to the point where she decided to air her grievances in court, which led to the odious airing in Paris of their notorious domestic relations, as the divorce action brought as much ignominy upon the Commandant as the Dreyfus Affair itself.

The tribunal in the divorce case assigned temporary custody of the children to their mother and ordered Esterhazy to pay 600 francs a month in alimony for the duration of the lawsuit. Esterhazy’s poverty was so dire that, in a letter to his divorced wife, he wrote that he had had nothing to eat for two days. One of the key charges in the Zola trial was that Zola had defamed Esterhazy by claiming that his court-martial (in which he was fully exonerated of any wrongdoing) was fixed and, as we see from our letter, Esterhazy hoped that the damages he would be awarded in that case would relieve his of his economic duress and permit repayment of the loan he was seeking. In fact, Zola was fined 3,000 francs but, with his appeal pending, he escaped France for England.

When, through the Bordereau, French military intelligence became aware in September 1894 of a spy within the army, Armand du Paty de Clam (1853-1916), a devout antisemitic Catholic loyalist and a major with the French General Staff, became deeply involved in the investigation to identify the traitor, due principally to his alleged “expertise” in handwriting analysis, although he was only – at best – an amateur. A brief three-week investigation identified approximately six suspects, but the pompous and patrician du Paty de Clam decided that the Jew Dreyfus was the criminal.

On October 15, 1894, du Paty de Clam effected an ambush of Dreyfus by summoning him to a meeting also attended by two civilian police detectives and a French military intelligence officer, during which he faked an injury to his writing hand, asked a bewildered Dreyfus to take dictation, and proceeded to dictate the precise words written in the Bordereau. After comparing Dreyfus’s writing through the lens of unadulterated antisemitic animus, he ignored warnings from professional handwriting experts – including a conclusion from Alfred Gobert, a leading expert and graphologist for the Bank of France, that “there were numerous and important disparities that had to be taken into account” – and announced that Dreyfus had written the Bordereau. He charged the Jewish officer with high treason and offered him the “honorable” way out: he gave him a revolver with a single bullet in the chamber. When Dreyfus proclaimed his innocence and refused to take his own life, he was transferred to Major Henry who, according to plan, had been waiting in an adjacent room.

The focus of the miscarriage of justice against Dreyfus has always been upon the fraudulently-obtained Dreyfus handwriting sample, but it may have been du Paty de Clam’s bogus telegram that was outcome determinative in Dreyfus’s conviction by the tribunal. In any event, du Paty de Clam was later promoted to lieutenant-colonel for his “excellent work” in the Dreyfus prosecution and conviction.

In this June 2, 1909 correspondence on his infantry letterhead – notwithstanding the fact that he had been earlier discharged from the military – du Paty de Clam writes regarding a letter he had submitted to Le Siecle, a French newspaper published from 1836-1932.

I would be grateful if you could have a search made to find out if the “Siecle” has published a letter from me in one of the issues after last May 27. Receive, sir, my sincere greetings…

Auguste Mercier (1833-1921), the French Minister of War, was one of the great villains of the Dreyfus Affair; in his famous J’Accuse, Zola accused him of “having made himself an accomplice in one of the greatest crimes in history, probably because of a weak mind.” Mercier was the first public Dreyfus accuser (November 28, 1894); he arrested Dreyfus and coordinated the anti-Dreyfusards throughout the entire Affair; he masterminded the creation of the sham secret dossier handed furtively to the judges in the first Dreyfus court-martial to influence their decision; and even after he was no longer Minister (as of January 24, 1895), he directed the witnesses for the prosecution at the Rennes trial. He gave virulent and perjured testimony against Dreyfus at every trial in the matter and, though he was only a witness, he sought to act as prosecutor by introducing evidence on his own; he (unsuccessfully) attempted to blackmail Dreyfus’s lawyer, Labori, by alleging that he has a letter from Esterhazy compromising Labori’s daughter; and he remained an implacable foe of Dreyfus, even after the Jewish officer was pardoned.

When the Dreyfus mater first came to Mercier’s attention, he initially felt that all the evidence had been concocted, and he knew that Dreyfus could not have masterminded such a deception. However, he was under significant pressure from the press and the army, which now stood to redeem the honor it lost in the miserable defeat by convicting the spy responsible for it. The day before he was to decide if the evidence against Dreyfus warranted a trial, Mercier re-examined the evidence and, once again, had his doubts; however, the next day, there appeared in one of the leading papers in Paris that Mercier was in the pay of the Jews and therefore would not order the trial. To exonerate himself from that accusation, he threw Dreyfus to the wolves and ordered the trial; declared that the evidence against Dreyfus was beyond doubt and that his guilt was certain; and publicly and vociferously alleged that Dreyfus had committed “treason.”

Dreyfus’s conviction based only upon the secret file set up another problem: Mercier was the one who had approved submission of the file, which meant that the army had approved it; were there to be a second trial where Dreyfus would be acquitted, the army would stand exposed for its perfidy and French pride would be devastated. Indeed, Dreyfus would be tried a second time, and there would be other trials against Dreyfus supporters until as late as 1906; however, in none of these trials was the “secret file” allowed to be seen by the defendants and their attorneys, as the French authorities claimed that the honor of France was at stake.

Testifying in 1904 before the Court of Cassation (French for “the Court of Abrogation,” the highest court of criminal and civil appeals in France with the power to quash decision of the lower courts), Mercier again perjured himself by denying the existence of a document written by a foreign sovereign implicating Dreyfus. However, in 1906, speaking of the secret dossier given to the court martial, public prosecutor Baudoin evoked a “monstrous violation of the inalienable rights of the defense” and emphasized Mercier’s responsibility in preventing the disclosure of the dossier. Nonetheless, Mercier remained the hero of the anti-Dreyfusards and he kept his seat in the Senate until January 1920.

Mercier’s 1906 correspondence.

In this November 2, 1906 correspondence on his Senate letterhead, Mercier writes:

I thank you for your kind words, which gladdened me. I will come to your house today between 2:00 a.m. and 3:00 a.m. In the event that I do not find you there, I will leave this there tomorrow at the same time, unless you advise otherwise. As far as the Henry subscription, I think it is appropriate to put Mrs. Henry in possession of what remains of the money as soon as possible. We could therefore, if you agree, convene the Commission “La Libre Parole” on Wednesday afternoon (both the Senate and the House in session) next week at the time that will suit you. Please accept, Sir, the expression of my most sympathetic feelings.

Henry, the forger of the Bordereau that launched the entire Dreyfus Affair, was found dead in his cell on the morning of August 31, 1898 and, although no razor was found, his death was declared a suicide. Our correspondence refers to Drumont’s La Libre Parole’s sponsor of a public subscription for Henry’s widow, in which the donors were invited to vent all their anger against Jews.

[erbiumspectrum]

21 August 2023

Internship days 13-14

MY FIRST SUCCESSFUL SYNTHESIS!

I keep typing, deleting, and retyping this post bc I'm too excited to be coherent snhjsksn

I synthesized an aluminate doped with some lanthanides; after all the previous failed syntheses I didn't really expect this one to work out either, but when we irradiated my sample with UV light, it started glowing blue which is exactly what we wanted! The glow is faint but my sample was tiny (as you can see on the left). The green glow is from somebody else's sample.

It wasn't an experimental synthesis, so it's not like we're making a paper out of it haha but the fact I managed to successfully recreate a synthesis is priceless to me :)

[iamthepulta]

Notes, because they're lingering in my head: I found another paper by an incredibly thorough and well-spoken team in Germany also trying to accomplish the same characterization. They managed to synthesize the mineral, but say that the current literature is essentially switched: the cubic structure forms at the high-temp phase, and won't revert back to tetragonal. Which, if this is true, means we need to do a low-temp synthesis method and also thoroughly characterize the natural mineral from different locales to understand the correlation between what's happening in nature and what's happening in the lab.

We're putting the current samples that look good on the microprobe to get a quantitative analysis, but that won't actually tell us if the crystal structure is right, which bothers me deeply.

Also, they did their synthesis based on a 1:1:x metal to sulfur ratio. Because our sulfur is platy, I've been basing the ratio on that too, but I've been losing iron in the quartz mortar. If I grind the sulfur first so it's all a powder, that will give correct ratios to everything else, but it won't be mixed properly. Worth testing though, because I trust the ratio more.

[transgenderer]

Lewisite (L) (A-243) is an organoarsenic compound. It was once manufactured in the U.S., Japan, Germany[2] and the Soviet Union[3] for use as a chemical weapon, acting as a vesicant (blister agent) and lung irritant. Although the substance is colorless and odorless in its pure form, impure samples of lewisite are a yellow, brown, violet-black, green, or amber oily liquid with a distinctive odor that has been described as similar to geraniums.[4][5][6]

Apart from deliberately injuring and killing people, lewisite has no commercial, industrial, or scientific applications.[7] In a 1959 paper regarding the development of a batch process for lewisite synthesis, Gordon Jarman of the United States Army Chemical Warfare Laboratories said:

The manufacture can be one of the easiest and most economical in the metal-organic field, and it is regretted that no one has ever found any use for the compound. It is a pity to waste such a neat process.[7]

Lewisite is a suicide inhibitor of the E3 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase. As an efficient method to produce ATP, pyruvate dehydrogenase is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. The latter subsequently enters the TCA cycle. Peripheral nervous system pathology usually arises from Lewisite exposure as the nervous system essentially relies on glucose as its only catabolic fuel.[10]

In biochemistry, suicide inhibition, also known as suicide inactivation or mechanism-based inhibition, is an irreversible form of enzyme inhibition that occurs when an enzyme binds a substrate analog and forms an irreversible complex with it through a covalent bond during the normal catalysis reaction. The inhibitor binds to the active site where it is modified by the enzyme to produce a reactive group that reacts irreversibly to form a stable inhibitor-enzyme complex

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is usually encountered as a component, referred to as E1, of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC consists of other enzymes, referred to as E2 and E3. Collectively E1-E3 transform pyruvate, NAD+, coenzyme A into acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH. The conversion is crucial because acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration.[2]

it stops your cells from performing cellular respiration! by permanently breaking the enzymes! so fucked!

[giyadesuza]

Global Hydrogen Peroxide Market: Efficiency in Every Drop

The Hydrogen Peroxide MarketResearch Report is the result of extensive research and analysis conducted by our team of experienced market researchers. It encompasses a wide range of critical factors influencing the Hydrogen Peroxide MarketGrowth from 2025 to 2032, including competitive landscape, consumer behavior, and technological advancements. This report serves as a valuable resource for industry players, helping them make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition in a rapidly evolving market landscape. With its comprehensive coverage and actionable insights, the Hydrogen Peroxide MarketReport offers unparalleled opportunities for growth and success in the Business.

The Report features a comprehensive table of contents, figures, tables, and charts, as well as insightful analysis. Hydrogen Peroxide MarketSize has been expanding significantly in recent years, driven by various key factors like increased demand for its products, expanding customer base, and technological advancements. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide MarketBusiness, including market size, trends, drivers and constraints, competitive aspects, and prospects for future growth.

List of top companies in Hydrogen Peroxide Market:

Nouryan

Hansol Chemicals

Indian Peroxide Ltd.

Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company

Evonik industries

Akzo Nobel

meghmani finechem limited

Kemira Oyj

Solvay

gujarat alkalies and chemical ltd

BASF

Arkema S.A.

cleartech industries

National Peroxide Limited

Taekwang Industrial Co. Ltd

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Global Hydrogen Peroxide Market Segmentation:

By Application

Pulp and Paper

Chemical Synthesis

Wasterwater Treatment

Mining

Food and Beverage

Personal Care

Textile

Healthcare

Others

Regional Insights:

The regions covered in this Global Hydrogen Peroxide Marketreport are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of the World. Based on country level, the market of Managed security service is subdivided into the U.S., Mexico, Canada, U.K., France, Germany, Italy, China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia, Middle East Asia (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt) GCC, Africa, etc.

The Global Hydrogen Peroxide MarketReport is recommended for several reasons. Firstly, it offers a detailed examination of the market, considering critical factors such as market size, growth drivers, challenges, and opportunities. This research provides insightful information that aids organizations in formulating effective action plans and making informed decisions. Additionally, the study presents a comprehensive competitive landscape, allowing customers to benchmark their performance against major competitors and identify potential alliances. The report’s geographical analysis helps businesses grasp market dynamics in different regions, enabling them to adapt their strategies accordingly. For companies seeking to understand and thrive in the Global Hydrogen Peroxide industry, this report proves to be an invaluable resource.

Browse In-depth Market Research Report (300 Pages) on Hydrogen Peroxide Market:

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(1) A complete section of the Global Hydrogen Peroxide report is dedicated for market dynamics, which include influence factors, market drivers, challenges, opportunities, and trends.

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(1) What are the growth opportunities for the new entrants in the Global Hydrogen Peroxide industry?

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[intelmarketresearch]

Systematic Review Management Software Market Growth Analysis, Market Dynamics, Key Players and Innovations, Outlook and Forecast 2025-203

The global Systematic Review Management Software market was valued at US$ 323.4 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 495.7 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period 2024-2030.

The major global companies of Systematic Review Management Software include Clarivate (EndNote, RefWorks), Elsevier (Mendeley), Digital Science (ReadCube, Papers), Chegg (EasyBib), Rayyan, DistillerSR, Evidence Prime (GRADEpro GDT), Cochrane (RevMan), and MAXQDA, etc. In 2023, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately 62% of the revenue.

Get free sample of this report at : https://www.intelmarketresearch.com/download-free-sample/265/systematic-review-management-software

This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Systematic Review Management Software, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Systematic Review Management Software.

The Systematic Review Management Software market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Systematic Review Management Software market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.

For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.

The report will help the Systematic Review Management Software companies, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.

Market Segmentation

By Company

Clarivate (EndNote, RefWorks)

Elsevier (Mendeley)

Digital Science (ReadCube, Papers)

Chegg (EasyBib)

Rayyan

DistillerSR

Evidence Prime (GRADEpro GDT)

Cochrane (RevMan)

MAXQDA

Covidence

NoteExpress

Zotero

JabRef

Segment by Type

Cloud-Based

On-Premise

By Deployment Type

Cloud-Based

On-Premises

 By Subscription Model

One-Time License

Subscription-Based (Monthly/Annual)

Freemium

Segment by Application

Literature Review & Meta-Analysis

Clinical Research & Evidence Synthesis

Regulatory Compliance & Policy Development

Academic Research & Publishing

Pharmaceutical & Healthcare Research

Other Scientific Research

By End-Use Industry

Healthcare & Life Sciences

Academic & Research Institutions

Government & Non-Profit Organizations

Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies

Corporate Research & Consulting Firms

By Region

North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe)

Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Rest of APAC)

The Middle East and Africa (Middle East, Africa)

South and Central America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SCA)

FAQs on Systematic Review Management Software Market Growth and Trends

Q1: What is the current size of the global Systematic Review Management Software market?

The global Systematic Review Management Software market was valued at US$ 323.4 million in 2023.

Q2: What is the projected market size by 2030?

The market is anticipated to reach US$ 495.7 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2030.

Q3: What is driving the growth of the Systematic Review Management Software market?

Key factors driving market growth include:

Increasing demand for efficient and streamlined research management tools in academia and healthcare.

Growing adoption of evidence-based practices across industries.

Rising focus on automating and optimizing literature reviews for research and systematic studies.

Q4: What are the primary applications of Systematic Review Management Software?

The software is primarily used for:

Academic Research: To organize and analyze literature for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Healthcare and Clinical Studies: For evidence-based decision-making in clinical trials and medical guidelines.

Policy Development: Assisting policymakers with comprehensive data analysis for informed decisions.

Q5: Which industries are the largest users of Systematic Review Management Software?

The key industries include:

Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals: For clinical research and drug development.

Academia and Education: Supporting research in universities and academic institutions.

Government and Policy Organizations: For evidence synthesis and decision-making.

Drivers:

Growing Demand for Evidence-Based Research

The rise in evidence-based practices, especially in healthcare and clinical research, has fueled the demand for systematic review tools. These tools assist researchers in consolidating and analyzing vast datasets to derive actionable insights.

Increasing Volume of Research and Publications

With the exponential growth of published research, managing and synthesizing data manually has become challenging. Systematic review management software simplifies this process, driving its adoption among researchers, academics, and organizations.

Adoption of Digital Transformation in Research

The global shift toward digitalization has encouraged the use of advanced software solutions for systematic reviews. Automated features such as data extraction, deduplication, and quality assessment enhance efficiency and reduce human error.

Rising Interdisciplinary Collaboration

As research becomes more interdisciplinary, systematic review software facilitates seamless collaboration among diverse teams, allowing stakeholders to contribute and manage data in real-time from different locations.

Integration with Advanced Technologies

Incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and natural language processing (NLP) in systematic review tools is enhancing their capabilities, including automating citation screening, extracting relevant data, and prioritizing studies for review.

Restraints:

High Initial Investment Costs

The cost of acquiring and implementing systematic review software can be prohibitive for smaller organizations, independent researchers, and institutions with limited budgets. Subscription-based pricing models can also pose a financial challenge.

Steep Learning Curve for Users

Some systematic review software solutions come with complex interfaces and features, requiring significant time and effort to learn and implement effectively. This can deter potential users, especially those less tech-savvy.

Data Privacy and Security Concerns

Handling sensitive or confidential data during systematic reviews raises concerns about data privacy and compliance with regulatory standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, and others. These concerns may limit adoption in certain sectors.

Opportunities:

Rising Adoption in Non-Healthcare Sectors

While the healthcare sector dominates the market, other industries, such as education, social sciences, and business, are increasingly adopting systematic review software for policy analysis, program evaluation, and decision-making. This diversification presents significant growth opportunities.

Emerging Markets with Growing Research Infrastructure

Developing regions, particularly in Asia-Pacific and Latin America, are investing in research infrastructure and higher education, creating new demand for systematic review tools to support their academic and clinical research initiatives.

Cloud-Based Solutions and SaaS Models

The shift toward cloud-based and software-as-a-service (SaaS) models offers scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. These models make systematic review tools more accessible to a broader range of users, including freelancers and small research teams.

Integration with Research Databases

Partnerships and integrations with large research databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, allow software solutions to streamline literature retrieval and analysis. This feature adds value and attracts more users.

Customizable Features for Niche Applications

Offering modular or customizable features to cater to specific research needs (e.g., qualitative reviews, meta-analyses, or scoping reviews) can help providers capture niche markets and enhance user satisfaction.

Challenges:

Intense Market Competition

The market includes numerous players offering a wide range of systematic review tools, from open-source platforms to premium software. Differentiating products in a crowded marketplace remains a challenge for vendors.

User Retention and Engagement

While acquiring new customers is important, retaining users through regular updates, user-friendly interfaces, and responsive customer support is crucial in a competitive market.

Technical Barriers in Integration

Integrating systematic review software with existing organizational systems and workflows can be technically challenging, requiring customization and additional IT support.

Lack of Standardization in Research Processes

Variability in systematic review methodologies across disciplines and organizations complicates the development of universally applicable tools, limiting the software’s reach.

Resistance to Change Among Researchers

Many researchers and institutions remain accustomed to traditional, manual methods of conducting systematic reviews. Convincing them to adopt new technologies can be an uphill task.

Get free sample of this report at : https://www.intelmarketresearch.com/life-sciences/265/systematic-review-management-software

[etoiledunord]

So, I have thoughts about this post about a study done on the literacy of US college English majors.

First, though, a preface:

The original post (and the addition in the reblog I linked) is superlative. OP did a fantastic job talking about the complexities of literacy education and what the study itself means. I don't disagree with anything OP said.

Yes, I read the entire paper on the study.

I have never taken a post-secondary English class, because I took IB English in high school and it satisfied the English 101 requirement for my undergrad degrees. However, I have (almost) two MAs in a humanities-related field, so I understand the importance of reading comprehension to a good education and building life skills.

I agree with the general conclusions of the study in that I find it concerning that English majors struggle this much with a text like this, and also in that I agree that good literacy supports good lives, regardless of whether people read Dickens.

I am a trained teacher with an Education degree. I was trained to teach music and drama classes. I never worked professionally as a teacher outside of my student teaching, but I have a decent grasp of pedagogy. Specifically, I was trained in how to teach students how to read and perform music and theater scripts. Music, especially, is a form of language that everyone knows a little bit about, but most people do not know formally.

Ok, now that that's out of the way, there are two main things I want to say.

Thing One: On Synthesis

The study does not specify whether the students were given the chance to read the sample passage in its entirety prior to their analysis. From what the paper says, my best guess is that they were not given this chance during the allotted 20 minutes that were recorded, but rather that they were interrupted frequently during reading and prompted to provide explanation. There was no mention made in the paper of controlling for participants based on whether they had read the passage prior to the experiment, but no participant was noted as already being familiar with the passage.

Now, one thing I know about pedagogy is that a very popular approach to teaching any text is the approach of "Synthesis-Analysis-Synthesis." What this means is that the text should be taken in as a whole (or at least in large chunks) before being analyzed so that a general overall understanding may be formed as a basis for said analysis. The size of the chunks varies based on what you're trying to analyze, but a "big picture" perspective is a where analysis starts in this approach. Then, once analysis has been done, the text is revisited as a whole with a complete understanding of it.

This can happen with all texts. With beginner musicians, a recording of a new piece of music is played while students follow along (silently) with their sheet music. With more advanced students, a sight-read play-through is done before practicing any given section or part of a piece. With theater, students read through a script in its entirety, sometimes while watching a (usually filmed) production of the play, before they do anything else.

The fact that the students in this study were (apparently) not given the chance to read the passage in its entirety prior to explaining it is, in my opinion, neglecting a variable that could greatly impact the results of the study. It is my hypothesis that, were students given a chance to read the whole excerpt prior to being asked to explain it, they would be much more successful in their explanations.

This is because context is an important part of understanding a text. Now, I feel it's fair to say that English majors in a US college in 2015 should have a decent understanding of the context of a Dickens novel, but the initial synthesis that students were ostensibly not permitted in this study would have laid out enough context that I hypothesize, again, that their explanations of the text would be much more fulsome and accurate with it.

Thing Two: On Commentary

Now, I'm not a literature person, but the way I've learned to do textual analysis is to answer three questions:

What does the text say?

What does the text mean?

What does the text do?

These three questions are distinct, and answering each type involves the use of a different skill. Describing what the text says involves the skill of being able to paraphrase language to demonstrate literal understanding. Describing what the text means involves performing an analysis to demonstrate non-literal understanding. Describing what the text does involves performing a commentary to demonstrate meta-understanding.

(These are not "technical" terms that I pulled from a pedagogy textbook, but rather they are based on my own experience with scholarly textual analysis. There are other approaches to textual analysis (I assume), but this one is the one that has consistently satisfied my various teachers when I try to demonstrate my understanding of a text.)

The study does not expressly use this framework, but it does specify which levels of understanding it expects from proficient readers: the first two. The study prioritizes literal understanding of the text as a baseline, then considers non-literal understanding an extension of that. When it comes to commentary, though, the study actively derides it as an insufficient substitute for literal and non-literal understanding.

This hierarchy leaves me concerned. Analysis is not a direct extension of literal understanding. For example, were the passage of Bleak House from the study represented visually, an audience would not have to know what a High Chancellor is in order to potentially recognize the iconography of his attire that marks him as A Powerful Man. An analysis can be performed non-literally.

Similarly, a commentary is not an insufficient substitute for either literal or non-literal understanding. The study participant quoted as explaining that the excerpt is "setting the scene" for the action of the novel is expressing understanding of an important element of the text.

Now, this gets into some big questions, like what literacy actually is, but it is my opinion that knowing, stating, and justifying the elements of textual understanding that the study was looking for would make for a better study.

In Conclusion

There are a lot of things to consider when evaluating literacy levels, and this study does a reasonably good job, but I believe this process could be further refined in ways that would non-trivially impact findings.

[nursingwriter]

Abstract Developing a researchable question is one of the challenging tasks a researcher encounters when initiating a project. In current clinical practice, both unanswered issues or when experiences dictate alternative therapies may provoke an investigator to formulate a clinical research question. This paper describes PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) criteria in framing a research question. Finally, it assesses the characteristics of a peer-reviewed article on urinary tract infections. Part 1 EBM, shorthand for Evidence-Based Medicine, is a core aspect of the medical profession. EBM provides statistical analyses and matters of clinical concern. It is based on research, reading, analysis, and combining many papers generated within the medical fraternity. EBM applications based on research evidence and clinical knowledge and reviews of the system go a long way in improving clinical decisions. Usually, the PICO guideline is applied in developing a comprehensive, focused definition of clinical concern. In such a system, clinical problems are broken into four parts, i.e., the P: patient/problem; I; intervention; C: comparison; O: outcome (Yuan et al., 2019). PICO is a framework for creating an effective clinical research question before commencing research. PICO is. A Mnemonic applied in the description of a sound foreground question in clinical studies. Such a question must identify the population or the patient targeted in the study, the intervention measures intended, how each intervention compares with another where applicable, and results expected. The PICO process begins with a case scenario, which helps formulate the research question. The question must relate closely to the case scenario and be designed to help find an answer. After a question is formed properly, the researcher is placed in a better situation to run studies and dig into the available literature for evidence that will anchor their PICO question (Eriksen & Frandsen, 2018). Although there are other models, including SPIDER, SPICE, sample, design evaluation, and the phenomenon of interest, PICO is the most commonly applied technique in formulating research questions. PICO is used because of three advantages, i.e., i. it directs the questioner to concentrate on only what the patient believes to be the most significant matter and outcome, ii. It provides a platform for the next step, which is a computerized search. It does so by alerting the questioner to choose the keywords to be used in the search process, and iii. It directs the person asking to point out the problem, the intervention measure, and outcomes linked to the care extended to the patient (Eriksen & Frandsen, 2018). The PICO framework encourages designing clinical questions based on the four categories of clinical data: i. the population referred to by the question, ii. The intervention used in the population, iii. the comparison criteria and iv. the results of the measure. Systematic review guidelines recommend PICO is creating strategies for search. Many modern systemic reviews rely on PICO for searches. Although PICO is often used to create the search strategy, it isn't utilized by the primary retrieval system running the strategy (Scells et al., 2017). The PICO model is equally applied in structuring clinical questions concerning the synthesis of evidence, such as systematic reviews. PICO helps in ensuring that the relevant aspects of the research question are addressed. Therapy questions inform PICO. While it can be used to create research questions associated with a diagnosis or prognosis, it is not suitable for certain clinical data requirements. Apart from being used as a tool for developing concepts for research and clinical questions, the model can be applied to develop search (Eriksen & Frandsen, 2018). Considine et al. (2017) PICO should also be used for creating search terms related to the PICO question, Medical Subject Headings, and other relevant terms. It has been established in recent days that different review terms call for different question forms. It further points out that model and topic fits cannot be retailored. In other words, if a research question excluded intervention measures, then the other elements of the PICO will not apply. PICO question Is ibuprofen more successful than paracetamol in relieving fever in children? Part 2 Basmaci, R., Vazouras, K., Bielicki, J., Folgori, L., Hsia, Y., Zaoutis, T., &Sharland, M. (2017). Urinary tract infection antibiotic trial study design: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 140(6). How the selection of the article was made A systematic review was done based on the recommended Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews. Medline, Cochrane, and Embase central databases from 2015 to 2020, October were used for the search. Medical subject terms and free text for "urinary tract infections" were used, including 'clinical trials" "therapeutics" in children aged amid 0 and 18 years. The search was limited to the period from 2015 and after. The period's choice was based on the view that earlier reporting was not complete because there was no standardized reporting framework. There was no language restriction used. The search used randomized trials in which antibiotic efficacy and antibacterial agents in children with acute UTI were noted. The research does not include 1) studies in which focus was exclusive on clinical infection symptoms such as UTI that is not complicated, lower UTI, cystitis, recurrent UTI, and UTI that arises because of pathogens that are inconsistent s outlined by FDS guidance such as viral, parasitic, fungal or STIs; 2) studies that incorporated patients presenting underlying conditions such as diabetes, spinal cord injury UTIs among others, and 3) Studies which only focused on antibiotic prophylaxis pharmacokinetics, long term endpoints or safety as a result of lack of treatment evidence efficacies on infection resolution. The search incorporated trials on a wide range of infections when specific information on the "pyelonephritis," "complicated UTI," or" febrile UTI" results could be pointed out. The inclusion of studies was done only if there was information related to age. We described children as those between age 0 and 18 years, plus neonates (Basmaci et al., 2017). This review article is systematic. It focuses on a specified clinical concern, does a complete literature review rules out studies that were done poorly, and tries to recommend practice based on flawless studies. Systematic reviews only incorporate qualitative or experimental studies and usually use randomized control trials. How this is a peer-reviewed article A systematic review primarily offers a complete summary of scholarly literature relevant to a given research topic or question. An expert panel usually crafts such a review after considering information from published and unpublished studies. Since it is comprehensive, it is distinct from traditional literature reviews, limited in scope regarding the amount of research evidence. Such evidence is also typically presented from the perspective of a single author. Systematic reviews are a brainchild of the biomedical fraternity and now form evidence-based Testing and Evidence-Based Behavioral Practice. Systematic reviews incorporate the steps below. A systematic review starts with deconstructing the research question using population, comparator, intervention, and outcome. These elements constitute the foundation for search algorithms. A protocol is generated to describe definitions, search strategy, search strings, exclusion, and inclusion synthesis approach. The protocol is piloted, and peers are reviewed. Such a step may trigger revising the search strategy. The next step is to run a systematic search. Information is retrieved from websites of institutions and academic databases. All the studies unearthed at this point are included. However, after that, the studies retrieved are subjected to screening to determine whether they are relevant to the title, abstract, and complete text using predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Several researchers conduct the screening process because it is voluminous. All researchers may screen the same studies and compare outcomes (Fu, & Hughey, 2019; Strnadová& Walmsley, 2018). The last stage involves extracting qualitative and quantitative data that is relevant to synthesize the evidence provided. Sometimes, a meta-analysis is done for comparing quantitative and qualitative outcomes. There is always peer review at various stages for systematic reviews. Systematic reviews are also registered with various networks from research such as the Campbell Collaboration and Cochrane. Registering reviews help reduce bias, cut down on duplication of the efforts various groups make in research and keep the systematic reviews updated. Registration also avails libraries for ongoing systematic reviews. Although most of the systematic reviews use the outlined steps, some reviews referred to in this paper employed a level of flexibility by complying with the tenets of the systematic review approach (rigor, transparency, and replicability) while still readjusting the protocol when and as needed, even after the piloting stage (Fu,& Hughey, 2019; Strnadová& Walmsley, 2018). There are two main types of systematic reviews. There are the ones on overviews and interventions of observational data, and those on genetic data meta-analyses, which form the greater proportion. It is possible to conduct systematic reviews when there multiple related studies and a need, to sum up, the research outcomes available from the various articles to come up with the best possible evidence. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews evidence are regarded as the best in guiding clinicians to make decisions and policies in healthcare (Misra& Agarwal, 2018). A systematic review is thorough, can be replicated, and transparent. It is applied in many healthcare settings to direct management, decision-making, and evidence-based practice policies. A detailed protocol guides systematic reviews. It has definite exclusion and inclusion criteria to guarantee a comprehensive review of the literature targeted. Protocols for review are shared and commonly published as peer-reviewed pieces before undertaking the review to encourage critiquing and subsequent suggestions. Systematic reviews are effective in synthesizing knowledge on an empirical issue by analyzing data from a broad range of sources. The study question at hand is methodological and theoretical, but not empirical. However, with broad-based literature sources, a systematic review is effective and thorough (Belcher et al., 2016). Importance of peer-reviewed versus non-peer-reviewed articles for research Articles from peer-reviewed sources are much more reliable compared to those that are from other sources. Peer-reviewed articles are more dependable because they are subjected to experts who give feedback t the authors. The resultant article represents the best practice in the relevant field, thus being an authoritative source. Top tier journal articles are great because they are thoroughly researched (Kelly, Sadeghieh&Adeli, 2014). Peer review is seen as a process of screening academic works by exposing it to critique by other scholars in the field. It encourages authors to embrace acceptable highest research standards and control information spread in a given discipline. These measures are meant to restrict unwarranted claims, crude interpretations, and personal perspectives from being published unless subjected to the relevant sieves. Academic writing and peer review go hand in hand in modern science. Peer review also helps make sure that published papers in science journals respond to meaningful questions and provide accurate conclusions informed by professionally run experimentation. Low-quality manuscripts have become common in the modern-day. Thus, peer review helps in filtering them. Owing to peer review's trusting nature, it is a critical basis for building knowledge in a cumulative and stepwise fashion (Kelly, Sadeghieh&Adeli, 2014). Knowledge is ordinarily built by reacting to the ideas of those who precede us across all disciplines. Scholarly articles ensure that they provide verifiable sources of the information provided. Scholarly pieces also attempt to point out and discuss the merits and demerits of alternative viewpoints for the stands they take regarding a given research matter. Thus, truth assessment is made easier. The strengths and weaknesses of research outcomes are also clearly outlined. It helps those who have the subject knowledge and are starting to learn about it (Eastern Michigan University Library, n.d). The web is an assortment of information sources. Although one may agree with the conclusions drawn in a paper found on the internet, there is usually no evidence chain provided to assess the paper's conclusions. Similarly, articles published in popular magazines may provide opinions and information, but they are not required to offer evidence supporting or refuting the conclusions drawn. On the contrary, scholarly articles must adhere to the laid-down approaches and research protocols in a clear structure that provides evaluation mechanisms for the author's postulated claims (Eastern Michigan University Library, n.d). Five pages, 7 Scholarly references not older than five years Explore a research-based article. Perform a database search on urinary tract infections. There are various levels of evidence. Select the article that has the best level of evidence. Describe how this article was selected and how it meets the criteria to be considered the best evidence level. Describe how this is a peer-reviewed article. Why is it significant to find peer-reviewed versus non-peer-reviewed articles for research? Please attach your article. Write your paper as a word document using an APA format, 5 pages; include the title, abstract, running head, and reference page. References Considine, J., Shaban, R. Z., Fry, M., & Curtis, K. (2017). Evidence-based emergency nursing: designing a research question and searching the literature. International emergency nursing, 32, 78-82. Eriksen, M. B., & Frandsen, T. F. (2018). The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA, 106(4), 420. Yuan, X., Xiaoli, L., Shilei, L., Qinwen, S., & Ke, L. (2019, May). Extracting PICO elements from RCT abstracts using 1-2gram analysis and multitask classification. In Proceedings of the third International Conference on Medical and Health Informatics 2019 (pp. 194-199). Scells, H., Zuccon, G., Koopman, B., Deacon, A., Azzopardi, L., &Geva, S. (2017, November). Integrating the framing of clinical questions via PICO into the retrieval of medical literature for systematic reviews. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 2291-2294). Basmaci, R., Vazouras, K., Bielicki, J., Folgori, L., Hsia, Y., Zaoutis, T., &Sharland, M. (2017). Urinary tract infection antibiotic trial study design: a systematic review. Pediatrics, 140(6). Misra, D. P., & Agarwal, V. (2018). Systematic reviews: challenges for their justification, related comprehensive searches, and implications. Journal of Korean medical science, 33(12). Belcher, B. M., Rasmussen, K. E., Kemshaw, M. R., &Zornes, D. A. (2016). Defining and assessing research quality in a transdisciplinary context. Research Evaluation, 25(1), 1-17. Fu, D. Y., & Hughey, J. J. (2019). Meta-Research: Releasing a preprint is associated with more attention and citations for the peer-reviewed article. Elife, 8, e52646. Strnadová, I., & Walmsley, J. (2018). Peer?reviewed articles on inclusive research: Do co?researchers with intellectual disabilities have a voice? Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(1), 132-141. Kelly, J., Sadeghieh, T., &Adeli, K. (2014). Peer review in scientific publications: benefits, critiques, & a survival guide. EJIFCC, 25(3), 227. Eastern Michigan University Library. (n.d.). Peer Review & Scholarly Sources: Why Use Scholarly Sources? Retrieved October 22, 2020, from https://guides.emich.edu/scholarly/why Read the full article

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Understanding The Global White Biotechnology Market: Key Findings From The Latest Report

The global White Biotechnology Market—also known as industrial biotechnology—was valued at USD 276.7 billion in 2023 and is projected to nearly double to USD 558.7 billion by 2032, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.1% during the forecast period of 2024–2032. This significant market expansion reflects the growing shift toward greener, more sustainable industrial processes across a range of sectors including chemicals, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels.

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White biotechnology harnesses the power of biological systems—such as enzymes, microorganisms, and cells—to develop products and processes that are more efficient, environmentally friendly, and less reliant on fossil fuels. It represents one of the three main branches of biotechnology (alongside red and green biotech), and is central to the bioeconomy movement driving global efforts toward sustainability and carbon neutrality.

Market Drivers: A Convergence of Sustainability and Innovation

Several major factors are contributing to the rapid growth of the white biotechnology market:

Growing Demand for Sustainable Solutions: With the global urgency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimize environmental impact, industries are actively adopting bio-based alternatives to replace traditional petrochemical-based manufacturing processes.

Government Regulations and Incentives: Supportive regulations, tax benefits, and subsidies in favor of low-carbon, bio-based production methods are encouraging investment in white biotech R&D and commercialization.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and fermentation technologies have made bio-based processes more cost-effective and scalable, enhancing their competitiveness in mainstream industries.

Consumer Demand for Green Products: Eco-conscious consumers are increasingly favoring sustainable goods—ranging from biodegradable plastics and biofuels to plant-based chemicals—thereby boosting the demand for white biotechnology applications.

Key Application Segments Driving Growth

White biotechnology plays a vital role in transforming multiple industries through sustainable alternatives:

Biofuels: Bioethanol, biodiesel, and advanced biofuels produced via enzymatic or microbial processes are key to decarbonizing the transportation sector.

Bioplastics and Biopolymers: With global awareness of plastic pollution on the rise, bio-based and biodegradable plastics are seeing soaring demand, especially in packaging and consumer goods.

Industrial Enzymes: Used in detergents, textiles, food processing, and pulp and paper, industrial enzymes improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption in production lines.

Agricultural Biotechnology: Microbial-based fertilizers and pest control agents are being adopted as alternatives to synthetic chemicals, supporting sustainable farming practices.

Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals: Biotechnological processes enable cleaner and more selective synthesis of pharmaceutical ingredients, reducing waste and reliance on toxic reagents.

Key Players:

Key Service Providers/Manufacturers

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its promise, the white biotechnology market faces several challenges:

High Production Costs: Scaling up bio-based processes to match traditional petrochemical production levels remains capital-intensive.

Infrastructure Limitations: Existing industrial infrastructure is largely designed for conventional production, making integration of biotechnological processes a gradual transition.

Regulatory Complexities: Variability in regulations across regions can pose compliance challenges and affect market entry strategies.

Nevertheless, these challenges are steadily being addressed through ongoing R&D, public-private partnerships, and increasing global awareness of the need for sustainable transformation. The growing alignment between environmental goals, economic incentives, and consumer preferences presents immense opportunities for expansion.

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Looking Ahead: The Bioeconomy Era

As the world intensifies efforts to combat climate change and reduce environmental degradation, white biotechnology stands out as a key enabler of a bio-based, circular economy. From replacing fossil fuels to eliminating microplastic pollution, the sector’s innovations are laying the groundwork for a more sustainable industrial future.

With market projections indicating a near-doubling in value by 2032, the white biotechnology industry is no longer a niche segment—it is rapidly becoming a cornerstone of global industrial transformation.

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Alkyl Amines Market - Forecast 2024-2030

 Alkyl Amines Market Overview

Alkyl Amines Market Size is forecast to reach $ 9079.6 Million by 2030, at a CAGR of 6.20% during forecast period 2024-2030. Alkyl Amine is a versatile class of compound used in organic synthesis. The surging uses of alkyl amines across various applications like solvents, pesticides, feed additives, rubber processing chemicals, and water treatment chemicals are driving the growth of Alkyl Amines Market. Increase in the retail sector and prospering e-commerce industry is demanding for more packaging material that is influencing the significance of the Alkyl Amines Market. Whereas, the growing consumption of solvents from infrastructure and automotive sector further drives the demand for Alkyl Amines during the forecast period. Furthermore, growing demand of alkyl amines from the agriculture industry as a pesticide is also driving the market growth.

Report Coverage

The report: “Alkyl Amines Market – Forecast (2024-2030)”, by Industry ARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the Global Alkyl Amines Market.

By Type: Methylamines, Ehylamines, Butylamines, Propylamines, Amylamines, Cyclohexylamines and Others

By Process: Alcohol-amine reaction, Aldehyde-amine and ketamine hydrogenation reaction, Ritter reaction, and Others

By Application: Rubber Processing, Agrochemicals, Wastewater Treatment, Feed and food additives, Pharmaceuticals, Paper Chemicals, Surfactant, and Others

By Geography: North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and RoW

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Key Takeaways

In the Latin America region, Brazil is the major market for the alkyl amines owing to upsurge in the purchasing power of consumers and rise in corn, wheat, and sugarcane production and consumption across the country further drive the demand for Alkyl Amines. 

Stringent government regulations and harmful effects of alkyl amines acts as a hindrance to the overall market growth.

Unstable economic condition, high transportation and maintenance cost of alkyl amines also cause major hindrance to the overall market growth.

Surging innovations in the pharmaceutical application is expected to provide new opportunities to growth of major market participants.

Alkyl Amines Market Segment Analysis - By Type

The propylamines segment is projected to witness the highest CAGR of 8.2% during the forecast period owing to the rising demand for propylamines from various end-use industry like pharmaceutical, petroleum, and plastic. As, propylamines acts as a regulating agent for plastics and an additive in the petroleum industry. In addition, it is also acting as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, coating materials, and rubber chemicals. Thus, the growing investments in the pharmaceutical industry and developing petroleum industry in emerging nations like China and India further propels the demand for propylamines, which in turn drive the growth of this market.

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Alkyl Amines Market Segment Analysis - By Process 

The Ritter reaction segment is projected to witness the highest CAGR of 7.8% during the forecast period owing to its optical clarity and biocompatibility characteristics. The Ritter reaction is an organic reaction process that transforms a nitrile into an N-alkyl amide by using various electrophilic alkylating reagents. Whereas, the growing uses of Ritter reaction process in the formation of amines and amides of pharmaceutical use is expected to drive the market growth.

Alkyl Amines Market Segment Analysis - By Application

The solvent segment held the largest share of more than 30% in the global market in 2020. The growing uses of methylamine-based solvents for the production of C1-C6 alkyl amines drive the market growth. As these alkyl amines are used across various applications like rubber processing, water treatment, and feed additives. Furthermore, the surging consumption of C1-C6 alkyl amines in the agrochemical sectors as pesticide further drive the market growth. Whereas, growing uses of solvents for the production of spandex, polyurethane elastomers, and polyimide films further contribute to the market growth.

Alkyl Amines Market Segment Analysis - By Geography

Among the regions, the APAC region held the largest share of more than 45% in 2020 and is projected to witness the highest CAGR of 8.5% in the Alkyl Amines Market followed by North America and Europe during the forecast period. The growing disposable income, rise in population, and growing water treatment activities and surfactants propel the growth of this market in the APAC region. Furthermore, the growing demand for dimethylformamide (DMF) form electronics industry for the manufacturing of printed circuit boards majorly in China, Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan further drives the growth of this market across the country during the forecast period.

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Alkyl Amines Market Drivers

Growing wastewater treatment plants globally

Alkyl amine is an effective surfactant that can act as biocides due to their ability to kill microorganisms. Alkyl amine also enhance the biocidal effect of chlorinated phenolic when they are applied in water. The use of alkyl amines improves the water quality and also acts as resistant to corrosion due to its property of oxygen scavenging. The growing wastewater discharge into the waterways where it creates health, environmental and climate-related hazards further drive the demand for water treatment plants. Whereas, the growth of wastewater treatment plants in the developed and developing regions drive the market growth. For instance, in 2019, in India, Delhi Jal Board awarded SUEZ the contract to build and operate a wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 564,000 m3/day amounting a value of €145 million (around US$196 million). Moreover, in 2019, the South African Government has released 341 million Rand ($24.3 million) to rehabilitate several wastewater treatments plants in Mpumalanga province. Thus, the developments in wastewater treatment activities globally also turn drive market growth.

Alkyl Amines Market Challenges

Harmful effects of alkyl amine and high maintenance cost 

Exposure to alkyl amines is corrosive to the eyes, skin, and lungs. Moreover, the toxic nature of Alkylamines further incurs high maintenance and transportation costs. The harmful effects and high cost of alkyl amine acts as a challenging factor to the market growth. Additionally, fluctuating prices for raw materials and foreign currency can directly impact the overall market growth of alkyl amines. As Ethyl alcohol, ammonia and factory gasses are the primary raw materials used in the production of alkyl amines.

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Emergence of COVID-19 the Pandemic

The pandemic is affecting operations of various industries such as agriculture, oil and gas, construction, packaging, and others. As, Alkyl Amines products are extensively used in these industries, the declining operations of these industries is directly affecting Alkyl Amines Market growth. Moreover, it is expected that the outbreak of COVID-19 will be seen in the whole year of 2020, and a few months in 2021 and will have its major impact on the economy and global trade volume. According to World Trade Organization (WTO), global trade volumes are projected to decline between 13% and 32% in 2020 as a result of the economic impact of COVID-19. 

Alkyl Amines Market Landscape

Technology launches, acquisitions, and R&D activities are key strategies adopted by players in the Alkyl Amines Market report. In 2020, the market of Alkyl Amines top 10 companies accounting for xx% of the share. Major players in the Alkyl Amines Market industry outlook is Taminco, Eastman Chemical Co., BASF SE, DuPont, Arkema, Luxi Chemical Co., Ltd., Feicheng Acid Chemicals Co. Ltd., Shandong Huala Hengsheng Chemical Co. Ltd., Koei Chemical Company, Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, and Alkyl Amines Chemicals Ltd., among others. 

Acquisitions/Technology Launches

In November 2019, Alkyl Amines Chemicals Limited decided to sell Company's 29,77,996 equity shares representing 30.44% stake in associate company, Diamines and Chemicals Limited (Diamines).

In November 2019, Eastman Chemical Co. announced to increase the capacity for alkyl amines to meet growing global demand from various end markets such as home and personal care, water treatment, and animal nutrition.

Key Market Players:

The Top 4 companies in the Alkyl Amines Market are:

BASF SE

Dow Inc.

Evonik Industries AG

Solvay SA

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The process of critical review of a journal article relates acts as an information trajectory which aims at informing the reader the value of the article through the process of explanation, interpretation as well as analysis (Coutts, 2012). The essay will make a balanced analysis of the strength and weaknesses of the two articles ‘Customer Perspectives on E-business Value: Case Study on Internet Banking’ and ‘An exploratory study of victims using a national victimization survey’ and will provide a contrast of both of them along with their synthesis and conclusion. 1st journal -strengths The paper ‘Customer Perspectives on E-business Value: Case Study on Internet Banking’ written by Rahmath Safeena from its title reflects an important issue in the modern banking sector exhibited by the author. Along with that the author have also used keywords like internet banking, information and communication technology (ICT); perceived usefulness, ease of use, risk, awareness which are appropriate in examining the customer’s perspective (Safeena, 2010, p.5).Before moving into the discussion of the subject matter with in depth analysis, a brief literature review has been provided by the author reflecting various aspects of internet banking (Safeena, 2010, p.6). Identification of the research methodology is a crucial factor in executing research in a rigorous manner on a particular topic and also helps to deliver robust inferences. In this paper the process of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is being used for analyzing the extent of the acceptance of the internet banking system by the customers. The incorporation of the TAM model is a judicious application for reflecting the perspective of the customers related to the internet banking system (Safeena, 2010, pp. 6-7). Historically the model of TAM has been predominantly utilized by the information system researchers with a common notion that the model is valid in predicting the acceptance levels of the individuals regarding the new technologies. The variables like perceived usefulness as well as perceived ease of use are regarded as crucial factors which affects acceptance of a new technology. Empirics also reveal that there has been a positive correlation between the above two variables in the study of internet banking (Safeena, 2010, p.7). Applying proper statistical techniques it has been also found that when the online banking is perceived as useful then the customers are prone towards using internet banking. The findings state that usefulness, ease of use and risks are the prime parameters which affect positively the acceptability of the internet banking procedures (Safeena, 2010, pp.8-11). 1st journal -Weaknesses The author have mentioned description of different types of internet banking as well as different security issues in the literature review part but have included all the references which are old in their year of publication which are majorly around the year 1999-2000 and one or two references in the recent years like 2006 (Safeena, 2010, p.7). Again, in the strength section the process of TAM is mentioned which is indeed a good method of executing the research. But still this process suffers from some limitations. The first limitation is attached with the explanatory power of the model. Empirical results also found that the existing studies account for less than 60% of the variance explained especially those used by the professional users (Sun & Zhang, 2006, p.53). The sample used in for the purpose of research is students of business and economics students of an educational campus. But studying only the perspectives of the students will not provide any general conclusions about the overall public perspectives on the internet banking. (Khan & Mahapatra, 2009, p.35). Read the full article

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Exploring the Hydrogen Peroxide Market: Trends, Growth, and Opportunities

Exploring the Hydrogen Peroxide Market: Trends, Growth, and Opportunities

The global hydrogen peroxide market is experiencing notable growth, driven by its versatile applications across various industries. The global hydrogen peroxide market size was valued at USD 3.49 Billion in 2024. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% from USD 3.68 Billion in 2025 to USD 5.74 Billion by 2033. Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful oxidizing agent widely used in bleaching, disinfection, and chemical synthesis, making it essential in sectors such as healthcare, textiles, and wastewater treatment.

Key Industry Trends

The hydrogen peroxide market is influenced by several key trends:

Sustainability: Increasing demand for eco-friendly bleaching agents is driving the adoption of hydrogen peroxide as a safer alternative to chlorine-based chemicals.

Healthcare Growth: The rise in healthcare applications, particularly in disinfectants and antiseptics, has significantly boosted hydrogen peroxide consumption.

Technological Advancements: Innovations in production processes are enhancing the efficiency and safety of hydrogen peroxide usage across various applications.

Regulatory Support: Stricter regulations promoting environmental sustainability are encouraging industries to adopt hydrogen peroxide for its biodegradable properties.

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Hydrogen Peroxide Market Size and Share

The hydrogen peroxide market is characterized by its diverse applications across multiple sectors. The industrial grade segment is the largest contributor to the market due to its extensive use in pulp and paper production, textiles, and chemical synthesis. As industries increasingly seek sustainable solutions, hydrogen peroxide's appeal as an effective bleaching and disinfecting agent continues to grow.

Hydrogen Peroxide Market Statistics

Market Value (2022): USD 3.12 billion

Projected Market Value (2031): USD 4.67 billion

CAGR (2023–2031): 5.7%

These statistics highlight the robust growth potential of the hydrogen peroxide market as it adapts to changing industry demands and consumer preferences.

Regional Trends

The hydrogen peroxide market exhibits diverse trends across different regions:

North America:

Dominated by the United States, this region benefits from well-established end-use industries such as pulp and paper production and healthcare.

The U.S. market is characterized by a strong focus on hygiene post-pandemic, driving demand for disinfectants that utilize hydrogen peroxide.

Asia-Pacific (APAC):

Countries like China and India are witnessing rapid industrialization, leading to increased demand for hydrogen peroxide in sectors such as textiles, food processing, and wastewater treatment.

China is particularly significant due to its extensive use of hydrogen peroxide as an eco-friendly bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry.

Europe:

The region is experiencing dynamic growth driven by increasing requirements for personal care products that utilize hydrogen peroxide for its antimicrobial properties.

Countries like Germany and France are leading in adopting hydrogen peroxide for various applications, including cosmetics and textiles.

Latin America, Middle East, and Africa (LAMEA):

The LAMEA region is expected to grow at a steady pace due to rising applications in textiles, food processing, and water treatment.

Countries in this region are increasingly recognizing the benefits of hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.

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Hydrogen Peroxide Market Segmentations

The hydrogen peroxide market can be segmented into several categories:

By Grade:

Food Grade: Used primarily in food processing and sanitation.

Electronic Grade: Essential for cleaning electronic components due to its purity.

Industrial Grade: Widely used across various industrial applications such as pulp and paper production.

By Function:

Bleaching: Utilized extensively in textiles and paper manufacturing.

Oxidizing: Important in chemical synthesis processes.

Sterilizing/Disinfecting: Commonly used in healthcare settings for wound care and surface disinfection.

Extraction: Employed in various industries for extracting specific compounds.

By End-Users:

Pulp and Paper: The largest segment due to its role as a bleaching agent.

Chemical Synthesis: Used for producing organic compounds.

Healthcare and Personal Care: Increasingly utilized in disinfectants and antiseptics.

Food and Beverages: Applied for sanitation purposes.

Textile: Used primarily for bleaching fabrics.

Wastewater Treatment: Employed for treating industrial effluents.

Electrical and Electronics: Important for cleaning components during manufacturing processes.

Top Players in the Hydrogen Peroxide Market

Several key players are shaping the landscape of the hydrogen peroxide market:

Arkema S.A.

Evonik Industries AG

Solvay S.A.

BASF SE

Akzo Nobel N.V.

Kemira Oyj

Hansol Chemical Co Ltd

Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company Inc.

Aditya Birla Chemicals Limited

Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Ltd (GACL)

FMC Corporation

Others

These companies are investing heavily in research and development to innovate new products that cater to evolving industry needs.

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Conclusion

The global hydrogen peroxide market is poised for significant growth driven by increasing demand across various industries, particularly healthcare, textiles, and wastewater treatment. As stakeholders navigate this evolving landscape, opportunities abound for innovation and collaboration aimed at enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of hydrogen peroxide applications.For more detailed insights into the Hydrogen Peroxide Market trends and forecasts, please refer to our full report or contact Straits Research directly. 

For further information or inquiries regarding this article or our research services, please contact us at sales@straitsresearch.com or call +1 646 905 0080.

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Straits Research Email: sales@straitsresearch.com Phone: +1 646 905 0080 Address: 825 3rd Avenue, New York, NY, USA, 10022