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#the field study was conducted by a bunch of college students
nasa · 5 months
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Tiny BurstCube's Tremendous Travelogue
Meet BurstCube! This shoebox-sized satellite is designed to study the most powerful explosions in the cosmos, called gamma-ray bursts. It detects gamma rays, the highest-energy form of light.
BurstCube may be small, but it had a huge journey to get to space.
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First, BurstCube was designed and built at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Here you can see Julie Cox, an early career engineer, working on BurstCube’s gamma-ray detecting instrument in the Small Satellite Lab at Goddard.
BurstCube is a type of spacecraft called a CubeSat. These tiny missions give early career engineers and scientists the chance to learn about mission development — as well as do cool science!
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Then, after assembling the spacecraft, the BurstCube team took it on the road to conduct a bunch of tests to determine how it will operate in space. Here you can see another early career engineer, Kate Gasaway, working on BurstCube at NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia.
She and other members of the team used a special facility there to map BurstCube’s magnetic field. This will help them know where the instrument is pointing when it’s in space.
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The next stop was back at Goddard, where the team put BurstCube in a vacuum chamber. You can see engineers Franklin Robinson, Elliot Schwartz, and Colton Cohill lowering the lid here. They changed the temperature inside so it was very hot and then very cold. This mimics the conditions BurstCube will experience in space as it orbits in and out of sunlight.
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Then, up on a Goddard rooftop, the team — including early career engineer Justin Clavette — tested BurstCube’s GPS. This so-called open-sky test helps ensure the team can locate the satellite once it’s in orbit.
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The next big step in BurstCube’s journey was a flight to Houston! The team packed it up in a special case and took it to the airport. Of course, BurstCube got the window seat!
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Once in Texas, the BurstCube team joined their partners at Nanoracks (part of Voyager Space) to get their tiny spacecraft ready for launch. They loaded the satellite into a rectangular frame called a deployer, along with another small satellite called SNoOPI (Signals of Opportunity P-band Investigation). The deployer is used to push spacecraft into orbit from the International Space Station.
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From Houston, BurstCube traveled to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida, where it launched on SpaceX’s 30th commercial resupply servicing mission on March 21, 2024. BurstCube traveled to the station along with some other small satellites, science experiments, as well as a supply of fresh fruit and coffee for the astronauts.
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A few days later, the mission docked at the space station, and the astronauts aboard began unloading all the supplies, including BurstCube!
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And finally, on April 18, 2024, BurstCube was released into orbit. The team will spend a month getting the satellite ready to search the skies for gamma-ray bursts. Then finally, after a long journey, this tiny satellite can embark on its big mission!
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BurstCube wouldn’t be the spacecraft it is today without the input of many early career engineers and scientists. Are you interested in learning more about how you can participate in a mission like this one? There are opportunities for students in middle and high school as well as college!
Keep up on BurstCube’s journey with NASA Universe on X and Facebook. And make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!
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amitypunjab · 1 month
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Nation’s top choice: Amity University Punjab is one of the best psychology colleges in Punjab
Have you ever imagined a career in the field of psychology? This is the absolute right time for getting into the world of emotions and cognition. Going for a psychology degree opens up a bunch of opportunities. It’s all about embracing the study of human behavior and mental processes. Through a combination of theoretical understanding and empirical research, the department caters to human interaction problems, contributing total information into mental health, human development, and behavior, molding future professionals in psychology and advancing their knowledge in the same.
The branch of psychology at Amity University  is excellent at its  MA in applied psychology program compared to other ma applied psychology colleges in punjab, as it explores indifferent aspects of individuals, observing how they interact with each other and their environment. It also includes the options of clinical psychology, counseling, developmental psychology, and neuroscience. Several methodologies are applied like experiments, and observations, psychology seeks to understand, explain, and predict human behavior, as it’s applications span therapy, education, business, and more by contributing to the well being of the society.
SPECIALIZATIONS- 
Amity University’s MA in psychology program offers specialisation in the field  of clinical psychology, industrial psychology, and counselling psychology.
OUTCOME- 
After completing this course the students will be able to:
⃞ Gain mastery in understanding factors that influence human behaviour, including biological, psychological, and social determinants, in order to know why people act, feel and react the way they do.
⃞ Develop critical thinking skills to observe, evaluate, analyse , and apply research and evidence based reasoning.  
⃞ Learn methods of research and statistical techniques used in psychology to conduct experiments, surveys, and observational studies , in order to foster contribution to the field and critically assess research.
⃞ Students also learn cultural sensitivity and its impact on behaviour, in order to be able to work with people from diverse social environments and backgrounds.
⃞ Psychology students also learn the art of identification and analysing problems in different contexts, proposing solutions based on thorough research.
⃞ Psychology also emphasises on enhancing empathy and interpersonal skills, for students to explore topics related to relationships, communication, and diverse perspectives.
CAREER PROSPECTS- 
An MA psychology degree can offer a number of career options such as Clinical Psychologist, Counselling Psychologist, School Psychologist, Industrial-Organisational Psychologist, Forensic Psychologist, Health Psychologist, Sports Psychologist, Human Resources Specialist, Market Research Analyst, Advertising and Public Relations Specialist, Social Worker, Academic Researcher/Professor, Human Services Manager, ect. 
FACULTY-
The faculty is famous around the country and is selected from the best universities. The faculty members play a crucial role in educating students, conducting research, and contributing to the academic and professional development of the field. They carry professional experience and great qualifications. Our faculty’s devoted, committed, compassionate and offers practical knowledge giving training, conducting research, and experience.
KEY ADVANTAGES-
Amity University is the best out of many colleges for ma psychology in Chandigarh. Amity University has several benefits as they help with career, academic, professional and interpersonal growth. The prominent benefits are- 
Versatile Career Opportunities- A psychology degree has many options from counselling, clinical psychology, human resources, education, marketing, research, and various other fields.
Efficient Communication Skills- Psychology students are efficient at communication both verbal and written, it is important when conveying ideas, expressing empathy, and establishing bond with others.
Empathising capacity and Interpersonal Skills - In a personal as well as professional setting, understanding of others emotions, promotes empathy and improves interpersonal skills. 
Prep. for advanced degrees- Psychology degree is a solid foundation for people interested in pursuing advanced degrees in psychology or related fields.
Contribution to mental wellness- Psychologists are important in promoting mental health and well being. It allows people to better understand and treat mental health issues which in turn reduces stigma.
In conclusion, pursuing Amity University’s MA psychology program is a great choice for adding a star to your career in the field of psychology. The Punjab campus offers plenty of opportunities for management enthusiasts. The reputed faculty guides the students to their utmost potential bringing out the best in them. MA psychology graduates enjoy many career prospects and the beautiful scenery of Mohali adds up to a great atmosphere to study. The students are provided with important lessons, a proper strategic curriculum that includes both theoretical knowledge as well as practical training in order to enhance their overall psychological skills and moreover contribute to the development and well being of the society.
Source: https://topcollegepunjab.blogspot.com/2024/08/nations-top-choice-amity-university.html
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collegedunias · 5 months
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Exploring the Prospects of Pursuing MBBS in Kyrgyzstan: A Comprehensive Guide
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Setting out on a journey to pursue a career in medication is a critical choice for any trying medical proficient. Among the bunch of alternatives accessible all inclusive, Kyrgyzstan rises as a promising destination for those looking for quality education in the field of pharmaceuticals. With its reasonable educational cost expenses, globally authorized colleges, and multicultural environment, Kyrgyzstan offers a compelling opportunity for students from differing foundations. In this comprehensive guide, we dive into the different viewpoints of studying MBBS in Kyrgyzstan.
Why Kyrgyzstan for MBBS?
Kyrgyzstan, settled in the heart of Central Asia, has been picking up footing as an appealing goal for universal students aspiring to pursue MBBS. One of the essential reasons for its offer is the reasonableness calculated. Compared to numerous Western nations and indeed neighboring countries, the cost of education and living costs in Kyrgyzstan is significantly lower, making it available to students from different financial foundations.
Additionally, Kyrgyzstan is home to a few legitimate medical colleges that are recognized by universal bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNESCO. These colleges offer programs taught in English, guaranteeing that dialect isn't a boundary for universal understudies. With educational modules outlined to meet worldwide measures and accentuation on commonsense preparation, students can anticipate a well-rounded education that plans them for the challenges of the medical calling.
Academic Excellence and Accreditation
The medical universities in Kyrgyzstan keep up tall measures of academic excellence and are prepared with state-of-the-art offices to encourage learning and investigate. Many of these colleges have organizations and collaborations with education around the world, providing students with openings for trade programs, internships, and research ventures.
Besides, the educational programs are organized to supply students with comprehensive theoretical information coupled with hands-on clinical encounters. From the foundational sciences to specialized clinical turns, students are uncovered to a wide extent of medical disciplines, planning them to be competent and compassionate healthcare experts.
Multicultural Environment
Examining MBBS in Kyrgyzstan offers more than fair scholastic enhancement; it gives understudies a socially enhancing encounter. Kyrgyzstan's different populace, comprising individuals from different ethnicities and foundations, makes a multicultural environment that cultivates resilience, understanding, and collaboration.
Association with peers from distinctive parts of the world not as it broadens one's perspective but also upgrades communication and interpersonal aptitudes  fundamental qualities for healthcare experts. Furthermore, understudies have the opportunity to submerge themselves within the wealthy social legacy of Kyrgyzstan, investigating its conventions, cooking, and normal magnificence.
Down to earth Preparing and Clinical Introduction
A significant perspective of medical instruction is commonsense preparing and clinical presentation, and Kyrgyzstan guarantees that students get adequate openings in this respect. The medical colleges collaborate with healing centers, clinics, and healthcare education, permitting students to pick up hands-on encounters under the direction of experienced medical experts.
From conducting patient appraisals to helping in surgeries, students effectively take part in clinical turns over different offices, applying their theoretical information to real-life scenarios. This practical exposure not as it were upgrades clinical abilities but moreover ingrains certainty and polished skill in students, planning them for their future careers as specialists.
Student Support Services
Recognizing the challenges confronted by universal students, particularly those altering to a modern nation and culture, the colleges in Kyrgyzstan give comprehensive understudy back administrations. From help with visa applications and settlement to academic counseling and extracurricular exercises, the colleges endeavor to make a conducive environment for learning and personal development.
Furthermore, many colleges have devoted worldwide student workplaces or facilitators who serve as a point of contact for students, tending to their concerns and guaranteeing a smooth move into college life. Moreover, peer back systems and student clubs offer openings for socializing, organizing, and locking in recreational exercises.
Conclusion
Examining MBBS in Kyrgyzstan offers a one of a kind and fulfilling encounter for trying medical experts. With its reasonable educational cost expenses, universally licensed colleges, multicultural environment, and emphasis on down to earth preparation, Kyrgyzstan gives students the apparatuses and openings to excel in their medical careers.
From academic excellence to social drenching, Kyrgyzstan offers an all encompassing educational involvement that plans students to meet the challenges of an ever-evolving healthcare scene. Whether it's the state-of-the-art offices, the wealthy social legacy, or the steady understudy community, Kyrgyzstan has much to offer to those setting out on their journey towards becoming healthcare experts.
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argroup6 · 7 months
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 Exploring the Benefits of Pursuing MBBS in Georgia: A Portal to Medical Excellence
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In recent years, Georgia has risen as a noticeable goal for trying medical students looking for quality education at a reasonable cost. With its well-established medical framework, famous colleges, and multicultural environment, MBBS in Georgia offers plenty of openings for people looking to pursue a career in pharmaceuticals. Among the different disciplines, pursuing a Lone ranger of Pharmaceutical, Single man of Surgery (MBBS) degree in Georgia has picked up critical footing. Let’s dive into the bunch of benefits that pull in understudies from all corners of the globe to set out on their medical journey in this beautiful Eurasian nation.
Quality Education and Certify Colleges
Georgia boasts a few globally recognized medical colleges that offer MBBS programs authorised by regarded administrative bodies such as the World Well Being Organization (WHO) and the Medical Chamber of India (MCI). These colleges follow worldwide benchmarks of therapeutic instruction, guaranteeing understudies get comprehensive preparing and presentation to the most recent headways within the field. Famous teachers like Tbilisi State Medical College, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State College, and Batumi Shota Rustaveli State College are among the best choices for MBBS applicants.
Multicultural Environment and Worldwide Exposure
Studying MBBS in Georgia gives understudies an interesting opportunity to drench themselves in a multicultural environment with differences. Collaboration with peers from different nationalities cultivates cross-cultural understanding and improves interpersonal abilities, which are priceless resources for future healthcare experts working in a progressively globalised world. Besides, numerous colleges offer programs conducted totally in English, killing language boundaries and encouraging consistent communication for universal understudies.
Reasonable Educational cost Expenses and Low Fetched of Living
One of the foremost compelling reasons why understudies select to pursue MBBS in Georgia is the affordability calculation. Compared to western nations just like the Joined together States or the Joined together Kingdom, the fetched of medical instruction in Georgia is essentially lower, making it an appealing alternative for understudies from middle-income families or those looking for to play down student credit obligation. Moreover, the low taking a toll of living encouragement contributes to the by and large reasonableness, permitting understudies to preserve a decent standard of living without straining their accounts.
All inclusive Recognized Degree and Career Openings
A medical degree obtained from a recognized Georgian college holds impressive weightage and is broadly acknowledged over the globe. Whether understudies yearn to practise medication in Georgia, pursue residency programs in Europe, the United together States, or return to their domestic nations, an MBBS degree from Georgia opens entryways to a plenty of career openings. Moreover, many Georgian colleges encourage clinical turns and internships in eminent clinics both locally and globally, giving understudies with important hands-on encounters and organising openings.
State-of-the-Art Foundation and Progressed Innovation
Georgian medical colleges are prepared with state-of-the-art foundation and cutting edge conveniences to encourage a conducive learning environment. From well-equipped research facilities and recreation centers to comprehensive libraries and inquire about offices, understudies have get to to assets that enable them to exceed expectations scholastically and professionally. Furthermore, the integration of progressed innovation into medical instruction guarantees understudies are proficient at utilizing cutting-edge devices and strategies, planning them to handle real-world healthcare challenges viably.
Secure and Inviting Environment
Security and security are fundamental contemplations for worldwide understudies, and Georgia exceeds expectations in giving a secure and inviting environment conducive to learning. The nation gloats a moo wrongdoing rate and is eminent for its neighbourliness and warmth towards outsiders. With a steady political climate and a solid accentuation on understudy welfare, understudies can centre wholeheartedly on their scholastic interests without concerns about their security or well-being.
Consistent Admission Process and Student Support Administrations
Georgian colleges streamline the confirmation preparation for universal understudies, making it moderately direct and hassle-free. Committed universal understudy workplaces and bolster administrations help understudies at each step, from the application preparation and visa procurement to settlement courses of action and introduction programs. This proactive approach eases the stretch related to migrating to an outside nation and guarantees a smooth move for approaching understudies.
Conclusion
Pursuing MBBS in Georgia offers a heap of benefits extending from quality instruction and worldwide presentation to reasonableness and career openings. With its certified colleges, multicultural environment, and advanced framework, Georgia stands as a reference point of medical greatness within the Eurasian locale. As the request for competent healthcare experts proceeds to rise all inclusive, choosing Georgia as a goal for restorative instruction demonstrates to be a prudent choice for trying specialists looking for a satisfying and fulfilling career in pharmaceutical.
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No you idiots it was because they thought you were a weather controlling god who had sneezed and caused the rain and they didn’t want to piss you off
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dreamescapeswriting · 4 years
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Make You Silly ~ JJK [M] [Request]
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WORD COUNT: 4K
GENRE: Smut, Non Idol!Au, Musician Jungkook, professor reader, unprotected sex, hotel room, teasing, oral (female receiving)
PAIRING: Jungkook x Fem!Reader
A/N: I hope this was okay for you!! I didn’t know which subject to go with so I went with something from a show I’ve been watching aha @fluffyjoons​
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To say that you were nervous would be a complete understatement, you were petrified of going up there to give a speech to a bunch of college kids that were all going to be watching you. Waiting for you to tell them why you were the best tutor for them to take your course and why you would be better than the other tutor's other college's have to offer. Including this prestigious college that you would be speaking at, they were the best of the best and yet you didn't work for them. Mostly because you wanted to stay at the same university as your boyfriend - Jeon Jungkook. He was a music tutor, the best of the best in his field of study. Your sweet boyfriend who you'd dragged along with you to speak at this university, with the promise that you would take him sightseeing before you left tomorrow to go home. The university had put you up in a hotel for the night seeing as though it was a long drive back home to your town.
"You're overthinking it," Jungook mumbled when he walked into the room holding two take away cups. He always founds you this way when something was playing on your mind, he knew you were scared about doing this alone which was why he'd agreed to come. He slipped you a takeaway cup with your favourite hot drink inside and took a sip of his own before placing it down on the table backstage.
"You'll be fine baby, you're a genius." He chuckled as he saw you peaking out from backstage, the huge lecture theatre seemed to be filling up minute by minute. Students were looking around the room for any sign what this was about. Jungkook placed his head in your neck as he hugged you from behind, doing anything he could to make you less anxious about this.
"Easy for you to say, you don't have to go up there and give a huge speech." You grumbled as you began to play with the skin around your nails, Jungkook placed his hands over yours to stop you and sighed softly at you. He knew that there wasn't a single thing he could say or do to make you feel better right now but he would do whatever he could to try.
"You've practised this a million times, the boys loved it remember." The boys. His best friends who were also tutors at the university you all worked in back home. Where you wanted to be right now. You had been working on this speech for weeks, practising it every second you could to both Jungkook and the boys as well as to your own students. All of them agree it was perfect but there were more students in this whole lecture theatre then there would ever be back home which made you more anxious thinking about it all.
"Are you ready Miss y/l/n?" One of the other professors questioned you but you just took in her appearance. She looked so much more professional than you did, she was dressed in a pencil skirt with a blouse while you opted for Jeans and a comfy sweater. The only time you ever wore something like she was wearing was when you had board meetings or were called in to help with a case. You had to be professional in that aspect since you were working with police and FBI sometimes.
"As I'll ever be," You whispered to her as you looked at Jungkook, he squeezed your hands softly as the tutor went out onto the stage to introduce you.
"I've seen a couple of them with your books...They already love you." Jungkook whispered as he began staring into your eyes to make sure you were okay. You wanted to do this, bringing more people into your field would be one of the best things to happen but you also didn't want to bore them with facts on facts.  
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"Hello I'm professor Y/l/n, but please don't ever call me that. You can all call me Y/n, or I'll come up with a nickname for myself I guess." You were starting to babble on a little like you did whenever you were nervous but you took a deep breath and began looking at everyone. Trying to remind yourself why you were doing this and what it was that you did for a living. This was nothing compared to what you had done in your life and your profession.
"Some of you are probably really interested in criminology while some of you-" You made eye contact with the ones who looked bored or that were being forced to be there.
"- Well you look bored or that you're being held here against your will. I promise you that this course, what I do for a living will not bore you. In fact, it will open your eyes to things. Make you realise that you probably don't know people as well as you think you do." You began explaining that what you did wasn't just criminology but that you also worked on analysing behaviours for certain people or certain types of people.
A hand rose towards the back of the class and you nodded at him, telling him to speak up. He was around 6''2 with brown hair to the length of his neck. He had huge glasses on his face and a notebook in his hand, he was clearly one of the ones that wanted to be there.
"You're like those guys on the TV, the ones that study serial killers and the way their minds work?" You nodded at him as he slowly sank back down into his seat scribbling away onto the notebook, he was probably just as nervous as you had been since most of the theatre had turned to look at him. You knew what that felt like, to have all eyes on you so you began to talk more on it if it meant they would become more engaged with you.
"Yes actually, exactly that. Do you mind if I borrow this?" You questioned one of the females who was sitting in the front row beside Jungkook, her hair was styled just like yours and she was wearing a pair of glasses similar to yours as well. In her hands was your book, sticky notes sticking out of the side where you assumed she'd taken notes of things. She slid it over to you carefully and you picked it up in your hands staring at the cover.
"I study criminal's behaviours, what makes their mind tick, what sets them off and what from their childhood could turn them into what they were." You held up the book in the air, showing off the white cover with a skull on the middle.
"This is one of the many things I do. I compile all of my information into books, this is just one of them...I have many." The book you were holding was one of the first you'd ever written, 'Talking with Serial Killers'. Inside was an introduction to the behavioural work you did along with real interviews with real serial killers that you had conducted yourself.
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After the speech about what your course was about, there was still some time left over so you decided to ask if any of them had any questions. By which time all of the students seemed to be gripped on what you did for a living and wanted to find out as much as they could. Even those that had seemed bored in the beginning were really paying attention now, begging to know more. Some of the tutors from the college were even eager to ask questions.
"We can go row by row if I don't have time I can give you all my office email." They all began talking over one another so you smiled softly and looked at the first girl beside Jungkook, the one that had given you her copy of your book.
"Are you working on a new book? and will you sign mine, please?" You still had her copy on the podium so you nodded at her slowly walking over to it and taking out a pen from your pocket.
"I'll sign it and yes, I'm trying to write one on my subject instead of interviewing this time." Her smile got larger as you began signing the book right away before slipping it back in front of her. Jungkook smirked at you as he continued to watch how well you handled the class, he knew you were relaxing into it more and more.
"Who haven't you interviewed but would love to? Dead or alive?" This time it was the professor that had introduced you to the theatre, she was watching you the whole time. Throughout the entire speech, she'd been making small notes on her phone while listening to you.
"I would love to interview the real Zodiac killer, just because we never knew who he was. There's a lot of unsolved crimes that I would love to find the person who did it as well," You laughed softly trying to move on from interviewing and onto what you actually taught at the school.
"How would you know if it's a male or a female killer? Based on the crime scenes?" A male asked this time, you didn't see where the question came from he just sort of shouted it out from the back of the classroom.
"Well, typically female killers prefer a cleaner way of killing and cleaning up. They'll sometimes show more sympathy for a victim as well. A male wouldn't care about the mess or how a victim is found but it all depends on the mindset of the killers." Mouths began to fall open as you began giving them facts about how to determine gender and a profile from one murder scene or multiple depending on the style of killing.
"You can normally tell if their also an organised killer or a disorganised killer. People give a lot of themselves away without even realising it." More questions began to fly at you while Jungkook sat in the front row looking as proud of you as he ever did, licking his lips as he watched you pacing the stage. He was also so proud to know his girlfriend was the smartest girl in the room.
"Can you judge any of us on how we are on our day to day basis just from looking at us?" The question came from a younger-looking male in the classroom, he was sitting in the middle row on the edge seat. You began walking closer to him, looking at everyone around him before you got to where he was sitting.
"You're the youngest here which means you either snuck in or you're probably smart and ahead in your school life. The way your peers are looking at you I'd go for the latter. You also chew on your nails which means you're nervous about something, or it's a habit you can't break. There isn't much to tell because I haven't been watching you all long enough and none of you has done much while here." You began walking down the stairs when you turned back to look at him, his fingers were on the top of his desk as he looked at you.
"You play the piano as well, I could see the way your fingers danced along the top of the desk throughout the lecture."
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The questions continued to roll in until the final bell rang and everyone had to head home or to their dorms.
"You guys will have Professor Y/n's email, I'll make sure to send out a mass email tonight with it attached! Please drive safe or walk safe tonight." The main professor said as she began escorting people out of the theatre. Jungkook was watching you closely while you spoke to a couple of students all holding signed copies of your book.
"You can email me any time, and here-" You handed the first girl who had given you her copy of your book to use an application to your course,
"We're always looking for bright students." Her whole body language shifted as she began getting happier walking out of the room while studying the paper.
"I told you that you would do great," You whined as he brought out the, "I Told You So's" and walked into his arms while yawning.
"I'm ready to get back to that hotel room and fall asleep." You giggled softly as he put his arms around your waist as he began to compliment you.
"You look fantastic up there you know," He whispered as you began waddling towards the door, his arms still wrapped around your waist as he walked behind you not wanting to stop touching you for even a second.
"My baby is so smart," He cooed in your ear as you awkwardly smiled at tutors watching you.
"Kookie, wait until we're at the car at least." You whined out as he continued to fill you with compliments. He linked your hands with him as he began walking side by side with you, telling you how amazing he thought you were up there.
"So fucking hot the way you just told everyone all those facts." The longer he went on the more you began to realise what he was getting at. Jungkook was a little jealous when it came to people watching you and you weren't blind. There had been a couple of guys watching the entire time but there was only one guy that you ever wanted.
"Everyone has their eyes on you," He groaned out as he started up the engine. It was pitch black outside and you had a ten-minute car journey back to your hotel room.
"So intelligent and so sexy." He chuckled as he reached a red light just outside the college gates. This was when he leant across to talk to you, whispering in your ear,
"They have no idea how much I fuck you dumb do they? How their smart professor knows nothing but my name after I've fucked her tight cunt out." You grew wetter with each remark he was using and he smirked at you, knowing exactly what he was doing to you. He knew what effect his words had on you were.
"J-Jungkook focus." You whimpered as the light turned green but he just smirked evilly and began driving. He knew exactly what to say to make you like putty in his hands. Everyone thought you were this smart innocent tutor but it was far from it when it came to the bedroom. Jungkook would do one thing to you and have you melting into a puddle mumbling nothing but his name.
As he continued to drive he continued with his dirty remarks about what he was going to do to you when you got back to the hotel room that night.
"I'm gonna fuck you so dumb you won't even know your own name." He smirked as he saw the flash of excitement grow on your face but what he wasn't expecting was for you to take some of the control from him. You leant across to his seat slightly and ran your hand over his jeans, you could already feel hard he was through the fabric.
"Look like I'm not the only needy one here," You whispered in his ear before biting down on his ear lobe. You knew this was only going to end with him being rougher with you but you didn't care, you wanted to tease him back.
"You wanna fuck me?" You bite down on his ear again before you began palming him through his trousers, smirking when he let out a whine and bucked his hips into your hand.
"Such a good boy-" His hands began to tighten on the steering wheel and you could see just how annoyed he was getting with your small touches.
"S-Stop it, this is dangerous." You nodded in agreement with his statement and pulled away from him,
"Then I'll stop touching you," You put the emphasis on the word 'you' as you began to slowly unbutton the jeans you were wearing and slide your hand into them. You weren't going to touch yourself, you knew you couldn't work your own body the way that Jungkook did so you just began moaning and pretending to touch yourself while he drove.
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The ride was agonisingly slow but as soon as you got parked up Jungkook practically ripped you from the seat and stormed you towards your shared hotel room.
"Such a tease." He hissed pushing you face down into the mattress, your legs on the floor as he pulled your ass into the air. You let out a loud giggle as he pulled your trousers down roughly and slapped you across your ass.
"So fucking needy, you just couldn't wait until I got you somewhere private?" Another slap across the ass as you let out a loud giggle. He growled bringing you into the standing position as he ran his hands down the front of your body. His long fingers dancing along the line of your panties,
"They have no idea how much you loved to be fucked dumb, do they? Hmm? What would they think if they could see this." He practically ripped your thin underwear from your body and forced your legs apart with his knees. Your head rolled back against his chest as he dragged one finger up and down your folds, humming in satisfaction about how wet you were for him before he slowly pushed one finger into you.
"So warm, so wet for me." His voice could have melted butter, you whimpered as he held his finger deep inside of you. Refusing to pump it until you bucked against him desperately. His other hand wandered down your body, his fingers caressing your curves. The soft pads of his hands pushing and pulling on your breasts as you let out a whimper of his name.
"P-Please, m-move." You panted as he began to push his one digit in and out of you slowly knowing it wasn't enough for you but he didn't care.
"I love you so much," He whispered before pulling out his finger and pressing your back down on the bed, pulling your trousers from your body and throwing them somewhere in the room.
"So pretty like this, all spread out for me." He remarked as he admired the view of your dripping core from behind. He sank down to his knees and moaned as he ran one finger up and down your folds again.
"I'm gonna taste every last drop of that delicious pussy of yours." You whimpered as he words as he kissed your entrance lapping his tongue around it slowly before he pushed his tongue into you. Moaning into your core as he sent vibrations throughout your body making you cry out in bliss.
"Fuck," You cried into the bed as he began using his fingers to play with your clit sending jolts of pleasure throughout your body making you whimper with each touch.
"Gonna fuck you with my tongue," Was all he said before pushing his tongue in and out of you quickly, using all eight muscles in his tongue to send you into a pool of whimpers and screams of his name.
"God your mouth...S-So good." You mumbled into the sheets as he smirked at you in satisfaction. He couldn't see the look on your face but he could already tell your eyes were rolling back. The way your hips bucked against him meant you were close so he turned you around, laying your back flat on the bed. He pushed two fingers into you. Flexing them and pounding them into you rapidly as you began gasping out his name. He'd found your sweet spot within seconds and he was going to hit it repeatedly until you cried out his name loudly.
"C-Close! Shit! So close!" Your words began to slur as you felt your orgasm approaching you closer. The words falling from your lips turning into meaningless words as you neared your high.
"Cum for me angel," He moaned into your clit encouraging you to cum for him as he continued to pump his fingers into you with newfound vigour. Loud whimpers began to leave your throat as you cried out his name on your release. Your legs wrapping around Jungkook as you cried out his name. Bucking up as he continued to fuck his fingers into you throughout your orgasm. The pleasure washing over you making you feel like you were on a cloud.
Jungkook slowed his fingers down while smirking up at you, licking you clean as you began panting heavily trying to catch your breath.
As you went to slide off the bed to return the favour he began shaking his head and tutting, this wasn't about him tonight this was all about you.
"Your reward for being such a smart girl tonight," Words were floating around in your head, you wanted to say something back to him but it was hard when you were still trying to come down from your high.
"Look at you, already fucked dumb." He chuckled darkly as he freed himself from his jeans, kicking them out of the way as he pushed the head of his cock between your folds. You let out a whimper as he moaned out your name,
"Still dripping wet baby, you want more?" He questioned. Keeping the head of his cock at your entrance, pushing so just the tip was inside of you and you hissed at him for more.
"Want more." You ordered at him and he tuts at you shaking his head in disapproval,
"So eager for a good fucking," He panted as he began to slowly push into you. Spreading your legs so your thighs were pressed to the bed. Everything on completely display for him to see.
"F-Fuck," You panted as he began to rock in and out of you slowly. Watching as he cock disappeared inside of you and smirked whenever you clenched around him.
"Faster-Faster," You stuttered out to him as you looked up into his eyes. Your eyes were tearing up as he continued with his slow thrusts,
"I-I thought you were going to fuck me dumb. I'm still of sound mind," You challenged him and something snapped within in. You could see the way his eyes turned as he wrapped your legs around his waist to bring himself deeper into you. Slamming in and out of you roughly letting nothing but chants of his name fall from your lips.
"Is this fucking you dumb enough baby? Huh?" He reached down with one hand to begin rubbing your clit, watching the way your back ached from the bed and you cried out his name.
"Taking me so well, aren't you? Such a good fucking girl." He grunted as you continued to cry out his name. Digging your nails into his shoulders as your eyes clenched shut.
"Close! C-Cum! G-Gotta cum!" Your sentences were failing to make sense which filled Jungkook with pride, he was doing his job properly. He smirked looking down at you as he continued to attack your clit with his thumb, speeding up the snap of his hips.
Loud and fast gasps began to leave your throat as you realised he was going to keep fucking into you, letting you cum without permission. Excitement washed over to you pleasure took over your body making you whimper,
"Jungkook! Cumming!" You screeched out dragging your nails into the sheets as your back arched from the bed again. Your pussy clenching around him as your orgasm ripped through your entire body sending your mind into a freefall. As soon as Jungkook felt you clenched around him he came into you, groaning as he continued to fuck you through his own high. Pressing a soft kiss on your forehead as you giggled in a drunk-like state. He always loved when you giggled after an orgasm, it made him feel like he'd done a good job.
"Such a good girl," He mumbled before falling down on the bed beside you but you stayed silent. Your legs spread on the bed as a mixture of your cum and his leaked from your core. He chuckled at the state of you and shook his head,
"Y/n?" He called out while watching you but you didn't respond, you just drunkenly smiled at the ceiling in your orgasmic brain fog too lost to even try to find words.
"Told you I'd fuck you dumb, princess," He whispered as he came over to you, wrapping a blanket around your body before going to run you a hot both and give you the aftercare you deserved after the day you'd had.
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Tagline: @lyoongx​ @mitzwinchester​ @fan-ati--c​ @kneel-begyourpardon​ @taestannie​ @rjsmochii​ @bisexualmess007​ @sw33tnight​ @sweeneyblue1​
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generalcreatortiger · 4 years
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Scientists said claims about China creating the coronavirus were misleading. They went viral anyway.
Craig Timberg
Feb. 13, 2021 at 7:48 a.m. GMT+8
Scientists from Johns Hopkins, Columbia and other leading American universities moved with rare speed when a Chinese virologist, Li-Meng Yan, published an explosive paper in September claiming that China had created the deadly coronavirus in a research lab.
The paper, the American scientists concluded, was deeply flawed. And a new online journal from MIT Press — created specifically to vet claims related to SARS-CoV-2 — reported Yan’s claims were “at times baseless and are not supported by the data” 10 days after she posted them.
But in an age when anyone can publish anything online with a few clicks, this response was not fast enough to keep Yan’s disputed allegations from going viral, reaching an audience in the millions on social media and Fox News. It was a development, according to experts on misinformation, that underscored how systems built to advance scientific understanding can be used to spread politically charged claims dramatically at odds with scientific consensus.
Yan’s work, which was posted to the scientific research repository Zenodo without any review on Sept. 14, exploded on Twitter, YouTube and far-right websites with the help of such conservative influencers as Republican strategist Stephen K. Bannon, who repeatedly pushed it on his online show “War Room: Pandemic,” according to a report published Friday by Harvard researchers studying media manipulation. Yan expanded her claims, on Oct. 8, to blame the Chinese government explicitly for developing the coronavirus as a “bioweapon.”
Online research repositories have become key forums for revelation and debate about the pandemic. Built to advance science more nimbly, they have been at the forefront of reporting discoveries about masks, vaccines, new coronavirus variants and more. But the sites lack protections inherent to the traditional — and much slower — world of peer-reviewed scientific journals, where articles are published only after they have been critiqued by other scientists. Research shows papers posted to online sites also can be hijacked to fuel conspiracy theories.
Yan’s paper on Zenodo — despite several blistering scientific critiques and widespread news coverage of its alleged flaws — now has been viewed more than 1 million times, probably making it the most widely read research on the origins of the coronavirus pandemic, according to the Harvard misinformation researchers. They concluded that online scientific sites are vulnerable to what they called “cloaked science,” efforts to give dubious work “the veneer of scientific legitimacy.”
“They’re many years behind in realizing the capacity of this platform to be abused,” said Joan Donovan, research director at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, which produced the report. “At this point, everything open will be exploited.”
Yan, who previously was a postdoctoral fellow at Hong Kong University but fled to the United States in April, agreed in an interview with The Washington Post that online scientific sites are vulnerable to abuse, but she rejected the argument that her story is a case study in this problem.
Rather, Yan said, she is a dissident trying to warn the world about what she says is China’s role in creating the coronavirus. She used Zenodo, with its ability to instantly publish information without restrictions, because she feared the Chinese government would obstruct publication of her work. Her academic critics, she argued, will be proven wrong.
“None of them can rebut from real, solid, scientific evidence,” Yan said. “They can only attack me.”
Zenodo acknowledged that the furor has prompted reforms, including the posting of a label Thursday above Yan’s paper saying, “Caution: Potentially Misleading Contents” after The Washington Post asked whether Zenodo would remove it. The site also prominently features links to critiques from a Georgetown University virologist and the MIT Press.
“We take misinformation really seriously, so it is something that we want to address,” said Anais Rassat, a spokeswoman for the European Organization for Nuclear Research, which operates Zenodo as a general purpose scientific site. “We don’t think taking down the report is the best solution. We want it to stay and indicate why experts think it’s wrong.”
But mainstream researchers who watched Yan’s claims race across the Internet far more quickly than they could counter them have been left troubled by the experience — newly convinced that the capacity for spreading misinformation goes far beyond the big-name social media sites. Any online platform without robust and potentially expensive safeguards is equally vulnerable.
“This is similar to the debate we’re having with Facebook and Twitter. To what degree are we creating an instrument that speeds disinformation, and to what extent are you contributing to that?” said Stefano M. Bertozzi, editor in chief of the MIT Press online journal “Rapid Reviews: COVID-19,” which challenged Yan’s claims.
Bertozzi added, “Most scientists have no interest in getting in a pissing match in cyberspace.”
Catch up on the most important developments in the pandemic with our coronavirus newsletter. All stories in it are free to access.
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Coronavirus fuels prominence of online science sites
Online scientific sites have been growing for more than a decade, becoming a vital part of the ecosystem for making and vetting claims across numerous academic fields, but their growth has been supercharged by the urgency of disseminating new discoveries about a deadly pandemic.
Some of the best-known of these sites, such as medRxiv and bioRxiv, have systems for rapid evaluation intended to avoid publishing work that doesn’t pass an initial sniff test of scientific credibility. They also reject papers that only review the work of others or that make such major claims that they shouldn’t be publicized before peer review can be conducted, said Richard Sever, co-founder of medRxiv and bioRxiv.
“We want to create a hurdle that’s high enough that people have to do some research,” Sever said. “What we don’t want to be is a place where there’s a whole bunch of conspiracy theories.”
Online publishing sites generally are called “preprint servers” because many researchers use them as a first step toward traditional peer review, giving the authors a way to make their work public — and available for possible news coverage — before more thorough analysis begins. Advocates of preprint servers tout their ability to create early visibility for important discoveries and also spark useful debate. They note that traditional peer-reviewed journals have their own history of occasionally publishing hoaxes and bad science.
“It’s very funny that everyone is worrying about preprints given that, collectively, journals are not doing a great job of keeping misinformation out,” Sever said.
After Wuhan mission on pandemic origins, WHO team dismisses lab leak theory
He and other proponents, however, acknowledge risks.
While scientists debate — and sometimes refute — flawed claims by one another, nonscientists also scan preprint servers for data that might appear to bolster their pet conspiracy theories.
A research team led by computer scientist Jeremy Blackburn has tracked the appearance of links to preprints from social media sites, such as 4chan, popular with conspiracy theorists. Blackburn and a graduate student, Satrio Yudhoatmojo, found more than 4,000 references on 4chan to papers on major preprint servers between 2016 and 2020, with the leading subjects being biology, infectious diseases and epidemiology. He said the uneven review process has “lent an air of credibility” to preprints that experts might quickly spot as flawed but ordinary people wouldn’t.
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“That’s where the risk is,” said Blackburn, an assistant professor at Binghamton University. “Papers from the preprint servers show up in a variety of conspiracy theories … and are misinterpreted wildly because these people aren’t scientists.”
Jessica Polka, executive director of ASAPbio, a nonprofit group that pushes for more transparency and wider use of preprint servers, said they rely on something akin to crowdsourcing, in which comments from outside researchers quickly can identify flaws in work, but she acknowledged vulnerabilities based on the extent of review by server staff and advisers. A recent survey by ASAPbio found more than 50 preprint servers operating — and nearly as many review policies.
And the survey didn’t include Zenodo, which, Polka said, should not be considered a preprint server given its broader mission. Rather, she said, it’s an online repository that happens to host some preprints, as well as conference slides, raw data and other “scientific objects” that anyone with an email address can simply upload. Zenodo has none of the vetting common to major preprint servers and isn’t organized to easily surface critiques or conflicting research, she said.
“Without that kind of context, a preprint server is even more vulnerable to the spread of disinformation,” Polka said. But she added, in general, “Preprint servers do not have the resources to be arbiters of whether something is true or not.”
Yan defends her work
Yan said in her interview with The Post that Zenodo’s openness is what drove her decision to use the site. She had initially submitted her paper to bioRxiv because as a researcher whose work has appeared in Nature, the Lancet Infectious Diseases and other traditional publications, she knew that this preprint server would appear more legitimate to other scientists.
Trump pardons Steve Bannon after ugly falling out early in his presidency
Yan has a medical degree from Xiangya Medical College of Central South University and a PhD in ophthalmology from Southern Medical University — both in China — and was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Hong Kong, she said. That university announced she was no longer affiliated with it in July, following an initial appearance on Fox News, saying in a statement that her claim about the origin of the coronavirus “has no scientific basis but resembles hearsay.”
After she fled Hong Kong, she harbored deep suspicions about that government’s potential to block publication of her work, she said. When she checked bioRxiv 48 hours after making her submission, the site appeared to have gone offline, Yan said. Fearing the worst, she withdrew the paper and uploaded it to Zenodo.
Sever, the bioRxiv co-founder, said he could not comment on an individual submission but said that, despite occasional glitches, he was aware of no “prolonged outage” on the site during mid-September and no sign that the Chinese, or anyone else, had hacked it.
For Yan’s paper on Zenodo, she did not list an academic affiliation, as is customary for research. Instead, she listed the Rule of Law Society and Rule of Law Foundation, which are New York-based nonprofit groups founded by exiled Chinese billionaire Guo Wengui, a close associate of Bannon, who in 2018 was announced as chairman of the Rule of Law Society. When Bannon was arrested on fraud charges in August, he was aboard Guo’s 150-foot yacht, off the coast of Connecticut. (President Donald Trump last month pardoned Bannon, his former campaign chairman and White House chief strategist).
Chinese dissidents say they’re being harassed by a businessman with links to Steve Bannon
Yan said she listed the Rule of Law entities out of respect for what she said was their work helping dissidents in China, and that they paid for her flight from Hong Kong and provided a resettlement stipend while she largely lives off her savings. She said her work is independent, and she rejected notions that Bannon was helping her spread political claims.
“I didn’t know he was so controversial when I was in Hong Kong,” Yan told The Post.
On Sept. 15, the day after Yan’s paper appeared on Zenodo, she was a guest on Fox’s “Tucker Carlson Tonight,” an appearance watched by 4.8 million broadcast viewers and 2.8 million on YouTube, and that also generated extensive engagement on Facebook and Twitter, according to the Harvard researchers. Bannon appeared on Carlson’s show that same week and discussed Yan’s claims. He also interviewed her on “War Room: Pandemic” 22 times last year, both before and after the Zenodo publication.
The political context was obvious in the midst of a hotly contested election in which Trump was attacking Democratic rival Joe Biden for supposedly being overly sympathetic to the Chinese government, dubbing him “Beijing Joe.” Republicans, including White House trade adviser Peter Navarro, pushed Yan’s paper along with the hashtag #CCPLiedPeopleDied, a reference to the Chinese Communist Party.
Archives showed the paper had more than 150,000 views on its first day on Zenodo — spectacular reach for a scientific paper, especially one that had not yet been reviewed by any independent experts.
But this surge of attention also generated backlash, including critical news reports by National Geographic and others, raising serious questions about Yan’s claims.
In the academic world, the Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins issued a point-by-point response one week after Yan’s paper appeared on Zenodo, raising 39 individual issues in what it said was “objective analysis of details included in the report, as would be customary in a peer-review process.”
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A few days later, the MIT Press online journal “Rapid Reviews: COVID-19” featured four scathing reviews, including one from Robert Gallo, a renowned AIDS researcher and a titan within the field of virology.
He labeled Yan’s work “misleading” and cited “questionable, spurious, and fraudulent claims.” Most points were highly technical, but Gallo also questioned her logic regarding the alleged role in creating the coronavirus for the Chinese military, which Gallo noted would be vulnerable to covid-19.
“And how would the Chinese protect themselves?” Gallo asked in his review. “Well, according to the paper, the military knew it could be stopped by remdesivir,” a drug later shown to have some benefit in treating covid-19 while not necessarily reducing the risk of death. “I would surely not want to be in the Chinese military if they were that naive.”
The idea to recruit Gallo came from Bertozzi, the journal’s editor and dean emeritus of the School of Public Health at University of California at Berkeley. Like Gallo, Bertozzi had worked extensively in AIDS research. After seeing Yan’s appearance on Fox, he was eager to use the online journal founded only months earlier to correct the scientific record.
“I felt it needed to be quickly debunked by people with scientific credibility,” Bertozzi said.
He soon thought of Gallo.
“We need somebody of your stature to say this is garbage science,” Bertozzi recalled telling him.
The reviews by Gallo and three other scientists also came with an editor’s note raising questions about the preprint process itself, saying, “While pre-print servers offer a mechanism to disseminate world-changing scientific research at unprecedented speed, they are also a forum through which misleading information can instantaneously undermine the international scientific community’s credibility, destabilize diplomatic relationships, and compromise global safety.”
But these public rebukes from some of the biggest names in virology did not deter Yan. Nor did a detailed report on Oct. 21 by CNN quoting her critics and documenting flaws.
Yan declined to be interviewed for that story, she said, because CNN did not allow her to address the issues they unearthed, point by point, on live television.
Instead, she published her own response on Nov. 21, on Zenodo, titled, “CNN Used Lies and Misinformation to Muddle the Water on the Origin of SARS-CoV-2.”
In her Post interview, Yan acknowledged — as CNN had reported — that her three co-authors on the original Sept. 14 paper were pseudonyms, used to protect what she said were other Chinese researchers whose families remain in peril back in China. Authors are typically discouraged from using false names in academic work.
Her claims suffered another blow this week, when a World Health Organization team sent to China to investigate the origins of the pandemic issued a statement saying it was “extremely unlikely” that the coronavirus came from a lab.
One of Yan’s earliest vocal critics, virologist Angela Rasmussen, who was at Columbia when Yan’s paper first spread, agreed with WHO’s assessment but did not rule out the possibility — however unlikely — of laboratory origin for the coronavirus. But she said the argument lacks concrete evidence.
“There needs to be a lot less speculation and a lot more investigation,” said Rasmussen, now an affiliate at Georgetown’s Center for Global Health Science and Security. “It takes a really long time to figure this stuff out... This is going to take years or even decades to solve it, if we ever do.”
Yet Yan continues to double down on her claims and to attack her critics as spreading “lies.” She still argues that the Chinese government intentionally created the coronavirus and continues to do everything it can to silence her.
Yan also offers no apologies for making common cause with Bannon and other Trump allies. As a dissident, she said, she doesn’t necessarily get her choice of supporters.
“If China is going to do this crime, who can hold them accountable?… Trump was the one who was tough” against China, Yan said, adding that her claim “is about real fact. I don’t want to mislead people.”
Even now, she is preparing another paper, nearing 30 pages, that she hopes will refute her critics and bring fresh attention to her claims about China, covid-19 and what she says is an international coverup campaign.
Yan plans to publish it in a few weeks, she said — on Zenodo.
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xtruss · 4 years
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In June, graffiti supporting calls for the Univeristy of Cambridge to remove a stained glass window memorializing statistician Ronald Fisher, a supporter of eugenics, appeared on a campus building. The university later removed the Fisher window. AP IMAGES
Amid Protests Against Racism, Scientists Move to Strip Offensive Names From Journals, Prizes, and More! “Dismantling White Supremacism in Science Has Taken on a New Urgency.”
— By Eli Cahan | July 2, 2020
*Update, 6 July: This story has been updated to include the American Society of Ichthyology and Herpetology’s decision to change the name of its flagship journal, Copeia, to Ichthyology and Herpetology beginning with the first issue of 2021. It also includes the Entomological Society of America’s decision to change the name of its student trivia competition.
*Update, 3 July: This story has been updated to include Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory's decision to remove the name of biologist James Watson from its graduate program.
For Earyn McGee, terminology matters.
McGee, a herpetologist, studies the habitat and behavior of Yarrow’s spiny lizard, a reptile native to the southwestern United States. The University of Arizona graduate student and her colleagues regularly pack their things—boots, pens, notebooks, trail mix—and set off into the nearby Chiricahua Mountains. At their field site, they start an activity with a name that evokes a racist past: noosing.
“Noosing” is a long-standing term used by herpetologists for catching lizards. But for McGee, a Black scientist, the term is unnerving, calling to mind horrific lynchings of Black people by white people in the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries. “Being the only Black person out in the middle of nowhere with a bunch of white people talking about noosing things is unsettling,” she says. McGee has urged her colleagues to change the parlance to “lassoing,” which she says also more accurately describes how herpetologists catch lizards with lengths of thread.
McGee isn’t alone in reconsidering scientific language. Researchers are pushing to rid science of words and names they see as offensive or glorifying people who held racist views.
This week alone, one scientific society is considering renaming a major journal that honors a renowned 19th century researcher who held racist views, and another is voting on changing the name of a trivia competition that canonizes a prominent eugenicist. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) decided to change the name of its graduate school because of Nobel laureate James Watson's past racial comments. And a prominent university has said it will remove from a campus building the name of a famous scientist who supported white supremacy. The moves come in the wake of last month’s decision to rename a major statistical prize—and in tandem with efforts to change the names of animals and plants that include ethnic slurs or honor researchers who were bigots.
Unifying these initiatives is reinvigorated resistance to institutional racism. Kory Evans, a marine biologist at Rice University, says, “Dismantling white supremacism in science has taken on a new urgency” amid the broader reckoning ignited by the killing of George Floyd, the Black man suffocated by a white police officer in Minneapolis in May. The buildings, journals, prizes, and organism names that have come under scrutiny “lionize figures … who specifically took actions to undermine the humanity of people of color … [and] who laid the academic foundation for actual discrimination, sterilization, and genocide,” says Brandon Ogbunu, an evolutionary biologist at Brown University.
The current movement isn’t the first to target scientists whose actions were judged unconscionable by subsequent generations. After the fall of Nazi Germany, apartheid in South Africa, and various communist nations, the names of scientists who supported oppressive policies were stripped from institutions and awards. And even before the recent demonstrations against systemic racism in the United States, many scientists had lobbied universities and science groups to stop honoring prominent researchers who had bigoted views. In 2018, for instance, years of activism prompted the University of Michigan (UM), Ann Arbor, to remove the name of Clarence Cook Little, an influential 20th century geneticist who supported eugenics, from a science building and a transit hub.
Universities concerned about creating diverse and empowering atmospheres are wise to reconsider whose names adorn their buildings, says UM historian Alexandra Minna Stern, who has chronicled the evolution of eugenics in the United States. The names, she says, “make visible the values and priorities and beliefs of an institution.”
This week, the University of Maine, Orono, followed UM’s lead, announcing on 29 June it would strip Little’s name from a building. “Little made an enduring positive contribution to science,” a university task force wrote. However, it added, “Major areas of his professional life violate the ideals that are central to the educational mission of the University of Maine and its commitment to the public good.” Drivers of the decision included Little’s high-profile support of eugenics and his work for the U.S. tobacco industry to dispute evidence linking smoking to cancer.
At the University of South Carolina, officials on 19 June moved to remove the name of physician J. Marion Sims from a women’s dormitory. He is known for inventing the Sims vaginal speculum, as well as for pioneering surgical techniques for vaginal fistula repair, both of which are still used in obstetrics today. Activists have noted that the tool and the surgery were developed through experimental surgeries on enslaved women conducted without anesthesia. The university’s move has been controversial in the state: “Changing the name of a stack of bricks and mortar is at the bottom of my to-do list,” tweeted Senator Harvey Peeler (R–SC).
On 1 July, according to a CSHL statement, its board of trustees "voted to restore the original name of the graduate program to the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory School of Biological Sciences." The move, which required 75% of the board to approve changing the institution's charter, came after 133 CSHL students and alumni sent a 21 June letter saying Watson's name was "inextricably linked with racism" given comments he had made since at least 2007, when a newspaper quoted him saying Black people were of inferior intelligence. CSHL removed him as chancellor then and in 2019, after he told PBS his views had not changed, the lab stripped his remaining honors except for the school's name.
U.K. universities are also taking a hard look at whom they honor. On 24 June, the University of Cambridge decided to remove a stained-glass window named after biostatistician Ronald Fisher, who has been celebrated as “the single most important figure in 20th century statistics” but was also a prominent supporter of eugenics. The university acknowledged Fisher’s “remarkable scientific discoveries,” including his application of mathematical theory to the process of natural selection, but decided to strip the name to “broaden and strengthen our community for all its members.”
At University College London, officials are evaluating whether to rename buildings celebrating geneticist Francis Galton (who coined the term “eugenics”) and mathematician Karl Pearson (founder of the Annals of Eugenics). Pearson derived the correlation that now bears his name—a commonly used statistical technique—through studies designed to demonstrate “[the] problem of alien immigration into Great Britain.” Joe Cain, a philosopher of science at the university, says, “The science behind these discoveries may be groundbreaking,” but institutions need to “consider the man and his data set, too.”
He adds, “Students should be able to look at a name and ask, ‘Who is that?’ and have their professors respond: ‘That’s a person you can aspire to.’”
The swell of support for inclusive placemaking has not been limited solely to campus grounds. Earlier this month in Geneva, residents submitted a motion to the municipality’s Grand Council to rename a street memorializing Karl Vogt. The 19th century German zoologist is known for his influence on Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. But Vogt was also a vocal advocate of irreconcilable differences in cranial capacity between Black and white people, claiming in his Lectures on Man that Black people were closer anatomically to apes than humans.
Scientific societies that fail to similarly reflect on the spaces they construct contribute to “an extremely poisonous … ambiance for people of color,” Ogbunu says. At the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, an effort to change the name of its flagship journal—Copeia, named after Edward Cope, a scientist who held racist views—is nearing its end. Motivated in part by a June survey that found the society’s membership is 82% white and less than 1% Black, the society’s board voted on 3 July to remove the eponym. Beginning with its first issue of 2021, the journal will be known as Ichthyology and Herpetology.
Also under scrutiny: prizes and other accolades bestowed by societies, including those awarded to exceptional early-career scientists. This month, the Society for the Study of Evolution and the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies both renamed awards that honored Fisher, the statistician. Still, resistance to such name changes persists. “We can at once celebrate and benefit from scientific contributions while disagreeing wholeheartedly with the personal beliefs of the scientists responsible for them,” wrote three researchers—statisticians Harry Crane of Rutgers University, Joe Guinness of Cornell University, and Ryan Martin of North Carolina State University—in a public letter opposing the change. Stripping Fisher’s name, they write, would “damage public trust in science by signaling that the evaluation of scientific advances reflects not only scientific achievement but also social acceptance.
Event names are also being re-evaluated. Some members of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) are calling for renaming the society’s annual Linnaean Games, a student trivia competition named after Carl Linnaeus. The 18th century botanist invented the system for classifying species, including Homo sapiens, which he categorized based on race, assigning negative social traits to nonwhite populations. “For those of us who have ever been called Black, brown, or yellow, Linnaeus’s legacy lives on every day,” says Taylor Tai, an entomology graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and co-author of a petition to rename the games.
On 3 July, ESA board members discussed renaming the event. “By today’s standards, there is no way to read [Linnaeus’s] classification of humans as anything other than racist,” Chris Stelzig, the society’s executive director, said before the session. But, he added, some members opposed to removing Linnaeus’s name wondered whether it was “right to judge our ancestors by today’s standards.” Today, the society announced the board’s decision to rename the Linnaen Games as the Entomology Games. Explaining the decision, ESA President Alvin Simmons said: “The loss of any student competitors who felt unwelcome because of the name of the Games went against ESA’s commitment to diversity, inclusion, and students as the future of entomology.”
Some researchers are also pushing to change species names they find objectionable. Graduate students around the world have contributed to a spreadsheet that lists potentially problematic common and scientific names of plants and animals. It includes a scorpion, a duck, and a buttonquail that carry the name hottentota, hottentotta, or hottentottus; colonialists in the 17th century used “Hottentot” as a derogatory term for Indigenous Black people in Africa. Researchers say other names—including those of the Nasutitermes corniger termite, the Orsotriaena medus butterfly, Speke’s weaver, McCown’s longspur, and the flowers, chives, and turtles named after Linnaeus’s apostles—also include slurs or glorify bigots.
“Nomenclature is in service to hierarchies,” says Harriet Washington, an ethicist who has written about structural racism in medicine. “Toppling these statues, so to speak, is not eroding history so much as issuing a correction to it.”
McGee, who co-organized last month’s #BlackBirdersWeek, favors such name changes. And she says she has been blindsided by the pervasiveness of racialized taxonomy, learning only recently that the lizard she studies is named for H. C. Yarrow, who “objectif[ied] the bodies of ‘others’ in order to explain and justify … [racial] dominance,” according to Museums and Empire: Natural History, Human Cultures and Colonial Identities, a book by historian John MacKenzie. McGee was “disappointed but not surprised” by that history, she says.
McGee’s campaign to change her field’s term from “noosing” to “lassoing” has made limited headway, she says, but she is not discouraged. “What is customary or convenient to a previous generation [of scientists] is not a good excuse for retaining racism,” she says. “I’ve accepted I’m the type of person who will speak up so the next Black herpetologist doesn’t have to go through this.”
Posted in: Scientific Community
— Eli Cahan is an intern on the News staff of Science.
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roadrocket97-blog · 4 years
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Composing For An Academic Journal: 10 Tips.
What Is Academic Journal?
What is Academic Journal? It is actually an assortment of notes and also dialogues made by faculty members who are actually lecturers, staff members and also lecturers to trainees on the academic career of their organizations. These diaries were actually in the beginning discharged on the net and afterwards in published kind with registration needed for every private periodical problem.
Earlier there were actually simply on the web journals offered. Having said that, as the demand for these publications developed, therefore performed the different academic seminars and journals to which these publications are provided. Various forms of the academic seminars are actually being arranged once in a while. These seminars are being actually secured for various explanations, like to conduct new analysis or even study of old ones, perform seminars and also talks on different subjects, and so on
. Such meetings are actually held with different goals like to break down prizes for best documents, to locate analysts as well as lecturers for essential projects, to explain as well as make think about modifying or creating brand-new curriculum and also educators' training, and so on. Therefore different meetings are being coordinated annually as well as at routine periods. These conferences are actually mostly concerned with upgrading the existing curriculum of an establishment, elaborating brand-new one. Having said that, there are some meetings that focus on grading and granting students for their academic efficiency and post-graduation work.
The conferences have various concepts like "Discovering Experiences and also Attitudes" to "Professions as well as Their Perks and Downsides" to "Hiring Online Lectures as well as Exhibits" to "Advertising of Research Job" to "Arts and Liberal arts" to "Examining Approach". They also follow various layouts for conferences like seminars, workshops, guest talks, editorials, argumentations, tasks etc.
. Journals of Engineering of the instructional seminars are composed for the younger production of college students. Older trainees that are resigned or even operating in educational institutions possess some free time which they can easily make use of for composing their academic diaries. These short articles are typically in the form of diary access.
Nevertheless, once they resign or leave behind the institutions, then their leisure time is actually restricted to their remarried relatives or even buddies. But when the writer makes a decision to write again, she or he begins searching for an ideal topic. This moment he or she will definitely write a whole entire article. The write-up receives posted in a separate journal alongside the other seminar articles.
There are actually numerous academic journals available which serve different topics including Journal of Youngster's Literary works, Journal of Social Issues, Journal of Middle Ages Research Studies, Journal of the United States Historic Organization, English History, Review of African Research studies, etc. A typical academic journal will be reasonably quick and will include concerning 3 to four many thousand terms.
In short, what is an academic journal? It is actually an assortment of notes as well as discussions created through faculty members that are actually teachers, personnel and lecturers to students on the academic profession of their organizations. These publications were in the beginning released on the net and after that in printed form with subscription required for each personal periodical problem.
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What is actually a Journal?
Academic diaries are actually a typical component in academic literature. While academic diaries do certainly not normally contain research study results, instead they have a tendency to be the very first resource of headlines concerning the most up to date accomplishments and obstacles that an academic community is actually encountering. These diaries have ended up being an essential part of a scientist's lifestyle as well as, extra notably, make it possible for a scientist to continue releasing academic results. This creates academic journals the official publication venue for a lot of scientists, along with a growing amount of academic companies and also specific academics striving to publish their work in these diaries, without the inspiration of authorities companies or financing body systems.
What is actually thought about an academic journal? Typically talking, academic publications are actually those that are published through specialist academic organizations. For example, the American Journal of Human Biology is actually one such publication. Though this publication was founded by human the field of biology professionals, it is actually also generally pertained to as the "initial journal for the life sciences." This journal is primarily utilized through qualified biologists but some other specialties, including the molecular the field of biology area, may likewise publish their lookings for within this journal.
How to locate an academic journal? Locating an academic journal is actually not as challenging as it seems. All you need to have to accomplish is to find your specific willpower on the Web, as an example, the field of biology diaries as well as libraries will usually submit a listing of journals in this particular self-control. Alternatively, go through your library or bookshop and seek diaries associated with your certain style. An important point to keep in mind is that diaries coming from different styles as well as academic self-controls do certainly not automatically have the exact same material so you should consistently ensure that you fit with the subjects of the journal before sending it.
Exactly how Perform I Receive My Academic Newspaper Released?
The excellent thing about creating a paper or manual is actually that you could be absolutely sure that it is going to know, and also the ideas you share will definitely be actually gotten and also take into terms. Sadly, exactly how do I obtain my academic paper published? And in the case of written works, just how do I discover a publisher to become capable to create this possible? Certainly Climate research that, however what does a publisher really carry out, and exactly how can they assist? You will find that discovering a specialist editor is not difficult, although the job called for coming from an editor may be lengthy.
First of all, you have to deal with the type of report you wish to generate, whether it is a research, thesis review, theses, dissertations, argumentations and also theses, and also a number of the rules need to have to be attended to just before you may anticipate your editor to call you to become able to edit your job. Of course, there are actually bunches of individuals that function online in the course of what they perform, and also they manage academic writing in addition to various other created jobs. This suggests that they are going to manage to take care of the research associated with your papers, and they will certainly have the amount of time to devote to this. Likewise, this form of individual will certainly have a ton of experience and also will certainly understand how to take care of these scenarios. As far as exactly how do I acquire my academic paper posted? the Journal website is actually the first step.
With so many providers around that relate to academic report writing, you might intend to take into consideration these concepts, to prevent any type of confusion. A really good tip will be actually to search for the solutions on Google as well as other search engines as well as see what you can easily discover, and also if the experience you gain is actually not nearly enough at that point contact your nearby workplace of an academic writing business. That's just how do I get my academic paper posted, nevertheless.
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Convert WMA To MP3 Using RealPlayer
Actual Participant Converter is versatile RealMedia converter to convert RealVideo and RealAudio media file to various video codecs as well as to transform any video to video and audio playable with RealPlayer for play and revel in on RealPlayer. It converts automatically, and you'll hit the Obtain Transformed File to get your MP3 file. If not one of the above works for you there's all the time , a helpful, free website the place you can convert media recordsdata to and from nearly every useful format. It's a bit gradual, and you may't do batch conversion, but it surely'll work in a pinch. I believe Perian solely supports codecs other than WMA. For WMA you need Flip4Mac. I also assume that for conversion it's worthwhile to get an upgraded version (payware), in any other case it solely gives you the first 30 seconds or so. Even if Perian labored you would additionally want Quicktime Professional (payware).
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You too can use audacity to directly convert flac to mp3 however it could take time. Just every flac file and then export it as an mp3. You may want the encoder file off the internet first to decode to mp3. Simply download thedll file, extract and ‘discover' by audicity choices. It's incredibly quick, Free WMA to MP3 Converter is the fastest WMA to MP3 Converter obtainable. Step 5: After conversion, to locate the file navigate by way of music library and choose Get info. But the disadvantage is that, you can't handle or take heed to all your songs and hear in a single place. It's would be a little bit annoyed for some users. In case you thoughts, simply convert WMA files to MP3 first. Just drag the folder the place your videos recordsdata are; the RealPlayer Converter will fast load all your the video and will routinely convert them one by one. The one cause to make use of sample charges within the Megahertz range is if you happen to're utilizing DSD encoding, which is a 1-bit format that pretty much immediately kinds a pulse-width or pulse-density representation of the unique sign. The idea is that this bit-prepare could be handed right into a low-go filter instantly with out a DAC and out comes the sound, which vastly simplifies the digital signal path.
6. Go to and play the video you want to obtain. Whereas Tidal isn't the first name in lossless music streaming, it has made a name for itself (thanks in no small half to the trade's biggest acts). It is solely attainable as competitors heats up and audio quality turns into more in-demand, present companies may up their game and supply high-constancy sound. Within the meantime, those that need CD-quality music on-line have a wrinkle-free solution in Tidal. In the event you've bought lots of information to convert, it may be easier to obtain a conversion program relatively than utilizing a web site like Cloud Convert. You can spend a bunch of money on a paid program, like Switch , or (this is our advice) you may simply download MediaHuman's free convert wma to mp3 online converter and convert all your WMAs into MP3s, simple as 1-2-three. Why not convert your whole music assortment to digital? With MP3 deluxe, Music CDs and other music files are converted lighting-quick to MP3s making changing your stacks of CDs quick and ache-free. On the whole, MP3 has grow to be some of the in style commonplace codecs in the audio field and is suitable with most players. This, nevertheless, is not essentially the identical for WMA files. The format WMA is not supported by all MP3 gamers. Therefore, MP3 deluxe means that you can convert WMA to MP3 with just some clicks so you may take pleasure in your music on the go. Moreover, you possibly can add lacking track information from your music with a mouseover. Observe information can also be edited after changing formats comparable to FLAC, elmaethridge.mywibes.com AAC, or WMA to MP3. A WMA file is in most circumstances contained in the Superior Programs Format (ASF), a proprietary Microsoft container format for digital audio or digital video. The ASF container format specifies how metadata in regards to the file is to be encoded, much like the ID3 tags utilized by MP3 recordsdata. Metadata could embrace tune title, track quantity, artist title, and also audio normalization values. Besides Home windows Media Participant, WMA is supported by MPlayer, RealPlayer, Winamp and many other media gamers. Real Networks has even introduced plans to support playback of DRM-unprotected WMA files in RealPlayer for Linux. At, however, is a little more complicated. At practice is common utilization, however is used to point the physical place at which an individual is positioned. She's at a apply is appropriate, though sounds awkward as a result of it is unusual not to have a particular, single observe in mind while you tell someone her location. "She's on the observe" sounds much less awkward and conveys the identical thing. If, nonetheless, there are 4 practices being conducted at totally different places and you do not know which one she's at, she's at a apply is correct to make use of.
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Escaping the explosion and now aware of the expertise that the Earl of Darkwood had used on them, the band travels back to the Document firm. Octave breaks in and finds the master recording of "One Extra Time", beneath which the band's archived memory disks are found. Octave attempts to go away with the disks but is surrounded by guards. He reaches into his jacket to retrieve a page of Veridis Quo, however one of many guards uses a stun gun on him. Because of the electric shock, Octave falls to the ground and turns into his unique blue pores and skin color, much to the surprise of the witnesses. The web page is taken from Octave's hand and divulges what the disks are (" Quick Circuit ").The crossover circuit is one other key component in how a speaker sounds. In a speaker with a couple of driver, the crossover(s) determine which frequencies are produced by which driver—for example, excessive frequencies (treble) are directed to a tweeter, with low frequencies (bass) directed to a woofer. Sandy Gross compares the crossover circuit to the conductor of an orchestra, as different conductors will make the identical orchestra sound utterly totally different. In the identical means, two speakers using the same drivers with totally different crossover settings will sound entirely different.So a few year ago, we did a small study where we brought in high school students and extra just lately faculty college students and we asked them to hearken to MP3 at a low bit charge, 128 kilobits per second, versus CD. And, after all, it was a blind check, in order that they weren't conscious of which was which. And what we found out was that typically, they prefer the CD over the MP3. And then we random by some speaker tests, where they heard four different loudspeakers that varied from one that was very accurate and impartial to 1 that was quite the other, and fairly surprisingly they like probably the most accurate neutral loudspeaker.
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ironwoman359 · 6 years
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What grade do you teach? How long did you go to college for and do assistant teaching? Im interested in majoring in elementary education but i dont know what to expect from college
Well, I just graduated this May (2018), and also just heard today that I’m being offered the K-8 music position in Ohio I was after, so now I’m officially a K-8 general music/band/choir teacher. In student teaching I taught 5-12th grade band and general music, for one semester. I also did 130 hours of practicum (five different assignments) over the course of my college career before student teaching, where I observed/helped out in classrooms, and taught maybe one or two lessons per practicum assignment
I went to college for four years, but music education is typically a 5-year program; I did it in four by testing out of a bunch of gen ed classes, taking summer courses, and forgoing most of my sanity senior year. 
I can’t speak as much to what being an el ed major would be like, because as a music ed major, I had to basically do the bare minimum from the ed department (child psychology, diverse populations AKA kids with disabilities, teaching reading in content area, etc.) plus the bare minimum from the music department (theory, piano proficiency, form and analysis, history, applied area of study) PLUS the music ed specific stuff (conducting, choosing literature, methods classes), so my experience was a bit unique, at least compared to a regular ed major’s. 
But education is a great field to go into if that’s where your heart is! And your heart really does have to be there cause it’s a hard as heck job but soooo rewarding if you’re willing to invest in the kids.
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bharathshan · 3 years
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foxbrands317 · 3 years
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Tora Operations Research Download
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PDF Download Operations Research: An Introduction (6th Edition), by Hamdy A. Taha
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Operations research: an introduction by Taha, Hamdy A. Publication date. Includes TORA and a student version of SIMNET II software in pocket Includes index Access-restricted-item true. DOWNLOAD OPTIONS download 1 file. ENCRYPTED DAISY download. For print-disabled users.
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Operations research by Hamdy A. Download for print-disabled. Includes TORA and a student version of SIMNET II software in pocket.
Operations Research: An Introduction (6th Edition), by Hamdy A. Taha
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Appropriate for a variety of junior and senior undergraduate and first year graduate courses in operations research. Among these courses are Industrial Engineering, Business Administration, Statistics, Computer Science, and Mathematics. Major revision is designed to meet the needs of beginning through advanced students with an emphasis placed on the formulation and applications aspects. Provides balanced coverage of theory, applications and computations of operations research techniques. Numerical examples are main vehicle for explaining new ideas with each numeric example followed by a set of problems. TORA and SIMNET software included in text. More than 1,000 problems.
Sales Rank: #3326726 in Books
Published on: 1996-12-27
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 1.64' h x 7.23' w x 9.50' l, 1.10 pounds
Binding: Hardcover
916 pages
From the Publisher Major revision is designed to meet the needs of beginning through advanced students with an emphasis placed on the formulation and applications aspects. Provides balanced coverage of theory, applications and computations of operations research techniques. Numerical examples are main vehicle for explaining new ideas with each numeric example followed by a set of problems. TORA and SIMNET software included in text. More than 1,000 problems.
From the Back Cover The sixth edition of Operations Research: An Introduction continues to provide readers with a balanced presentation of the theory, applications and computations of operations research. The book uses case studies, accompanying software, and comprehensive exercises to explain the basics of operations research techniques. It includes much new material: Floyd's Shortest Route Algorithm, Goal Programming, Analytic Hierarchy Approach, Review of Probability, Probabilistic DP, Simulation Modeling, as well as updated versions of TORA software and the simulation language SIMNET II. A valuable reference book for professionals in a variety of fields, including Industrial Engineering, Business Administration, Statistics, Computer Science, and Mathematics.
About the Author
Hamdy A. Taha is a University Professor of Industrial Engineering with the University of Arkansas, where he teaches and conducts research in operations research and simulation. He is the author of three other books on integer programming and simulation, and his works have been translated into Chinese, Korean, Spanish, Japanese, Russian, Turkish, and Indonesian. He is also the author of several book chapters. His articles have appeared in Management Science, Operations Research, and Interfaces Institute for Operations Research and Management Science, Naval Research Logistics John Wiley & Sons, the European Journal of Operations Research International Federation of Operations Research Societies and the AIIE Transactions.
Professor Taha was named a Senior Fulbright Scholar to Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain. He received an Alumni Award for excellence in research and The Nadine Baum Faculty Teaching Award, both from the University of Arkansas, and numerous other research and teaching awards from the College of Engineering, University of Arkansas. He is fluent in three languages and has held positions in Mexico and the Middle East.
Most helpful customer reviews
19 of 20 people found the following review helpful. An excellent book By OR user I have used this book as a student some 20 years ago and continue to use it today in my line of work. I was surprised to read a CS student complaining that the book does not provide any LP theory. Huh! Apparently the reviewer did not go past the first two chapters because Chapter 7 gives all the necessary mathematical foundation for linear programming. The reviewer also talks about 'signedness' difficulty in the book, something I don't understand because 'signedness' is not a word in English. As for TORA, true the software is not an 'orthodox' Windows development per se particularly for CS majors, but I find it refreshing that it is desigend to eliminate the need for a user manual. And this perhaps is the reason TORA is designed that way. It is very easy to use, and it can be used interactivly (with instant feedback) to help the reader understand the algorithmic details of the different OR techniques. I might also add that I used TORA's LP and IP modules many many times and have compared the results with those from AMPL and Excel Solver. Contrary to the CS reviewer claim,TORA always gave the correct answers. In summary, this book explains the basics of OR (theory, applications and computations)in a clear, concise, and straightforward manner using multitudes of examples. It is no wonder that it has been a leading textbook worldwide for over 35 years.
17 of 19 people found the following review helpful. The Best Book, Period! By A Professor I just want to respond to the CS major from Denmark. If he/she is that knowlegeable about what OR should or should not include, what is he/she doing taking an introductory course in the subject? This is not a book about writing computer codes for algorithms to please CS majors. It is a book that offers a comprehensive treatment of all three aspects of operations research (theory, applications, and computations), and it does it admirably. Also, if the CS major has read past the first few chapters, he/she will find all the LP/IP theory he/she desires. I belive that TORA is one of the best tutorial programs I (and my students) have ever used. It is easy to use and it gives instant feedback to actions initiated by the user. Also, as far as I know, TORA always gives the correct answers. I am currently teaching an introductory class from Taha's book, and I am very pleased with it (not to mention that its page count is about half the size of the competition -- without loss of substance, I must add)
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6 of 6 people found the following review helpful. ref: PIRATE version of Taha's book! By ABC I have learned the hard way that Taha's book is printed in two version: US edition and International Edition. Text material is exactly the same in both versions. Problem sections in the two editions are another story, in the sense that (1) the order of the problems is not the same and (2) the numeric data of most problems are not the same. The reason for this considerably aditional work (e.g., differnt solutions manuals and different solutions in the appendix) is simple: Deter the sale of international copies (usually much cheaper) in the US market. Having said that, the fact remians that Taha's book is one of the most oustanding references in the field.
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Operations Research: An Introduction (6th Edition), by Hamdy A. Taha
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Appropriate for a variety of junior and senior undergraduate and first year graduate courses in operations research. Among these courses are Industrial Engineering, Business Administration, Statistics, Computer Science, and Mathematics. Major revision is designed to meet the needs of beginning through advanced students with an emphasis placed on the formulation and applications aspects. Provides balanced coverage of theory, applications and computations of operations research techniques. Numerical examples are main vehicle for explaining new ideas with each numeric example followed by a set of problems. TORA and SIMNET software included in text. More than 1,000 problems.
Sales Rank: #3326726 in Books
Published on: 1996-12-27
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: 1.64' h x 7.23' w x 9.50' l, 1.10 pounds
Binding: Hardcover
916 pages
From the Publisher Major revision is designed to meet the needs of beginning through advanced students with an emphasis placed on the formulation and applications aspects. Provides balanced coverage of theory, applications and computations of operations research techniques. Numerical examples are main vehicle for explaining new ideas with each numeric example followed by a set of problems. TORA and SIMNET software included in text. More than 1,000 problems.
From the Back Cover The sixth edition of Operations Research: An Introduction continues to provide readers with a balanced presentation of the theory, applications and computations of operations research. The book uses case studies, accompanying software, and comprehensive exercises to explain the basics of operations research techniques. It includes much new material: Floyd's Shortest Route Algorithm, Goal Programming, Analytic Hierarchy Approach, Review of Probability, Probabilistic DP, Simulation Modeling, as well as updated versions of TORA software and the simulation language SIMNET II. A valuable reference book for professionals in a variety of fields, including Industrial Engineering, Business Administration, Statistics, Computer Science, and Mathematics.
About the Author
Hamdy A. Taha is a University Professor of Industrial Engineering with the University of Arkansas, where he teaches and conducts research in operations research and simulation. He is the author of three other books on integer programming and simulation, and his works have been translated into Chinese, Korean, Spanish, Japanese, Russian, Turkish, and Indonesian. He is also the author of several book chapters. His articles have appeared in Management Science, Operations Research, and Interfaces Institute for Operations Research and Management Science, Naval Research Logistics John Wiley & Sons, the European Journal of Operations Research International Federation of Operations Research Societies and the AIIE Transactions.
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Professor Taha was named a Senior Fulbright Scholar to Carlos III University, Madrid, Spain. He received an Alumni Award for excellence in research and The Nadine Baum Faculty Teaching Award, both from the University of Arkansas, and numerous other research and teaching awards from the College of Engineering, University of Arkansas. He is fluent in three languages and has held positions in Mexico and the Middle East.
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19 of 20 people found the following review helpful. An excellent book By OR user I have used this book as a student some 20 years ago and continue to use it today in my line of work. I was surprised to read a CS student complaining that the book does not provide any LP theory. Huh! Apparently the reviewer did not go past the first two chapters because Chapter 7 gives all the necessary mathematical foundation for linear programming. The reviewer also talks about 'signedness' difficulty in the book, something I don't understand because 'signedness' is not a word in English. As for TORA, true the software is not an 'orthodox' Windows development per se particularly for CS majors, but I find it refreshing that it is desigend to eliminate the need for a user manual. And this perhaps is the reason TORA is designed that way. It is very easy to use, and it can be used interactivly (with instant feedback) to help the reader understand the algorithmic details of the different OR techniques. I might also add that I used TORA's LP and IP modules many many times and have compared the results with those from AMPL and Excel Solver. Contrary to the CS reviewer claim,TORA always gave the correct answers. In summary, this book explains the basics of OR (theory, applications and computations)in a clear, concise, and straightforward manner using multitudes of examples. It is no wonder that it has been a leading textbook worldwide for over 35 years.
17 of 19 people found the following review helpful. The Best Book, Period! By A Professor I just want to respond to the CS major from Denmark. If he/she is that knowlegeable about what OR should or should not include, what is he/she doing taking an introductory course in the subject? This is not a book about writing computer codes for algorithms to please CS majors. It is a book that offers a comprehensive treatment of all three aspects of operations research (theory, applications, and computations), and it does it admirably. Also, if the CS major has read past the first few chapters, he/she will find all the LP/IP theory he/she desires. I belive that TORA is one of the best tutorial programs I (and my students) have ever used. It is easy to use and it gives instant feedback to actions initiated by the user. Also, as far as I know, TORA always gives the correct answers. I am currently teaching an introductory class from Taha's book, and I am very pleased with it (not to mention that its page count is about half the size of the competition -- without loss of substance, I must add)
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6 of 6 people found the following review helpful. ref: PIRATE version of Taha's book! By ABC I have learned the hard way that Taha's book is printed in two version: US edition and International Edition. Text material is exactly the same in both versions. Problem sections in the two editions are another story, in the sense that (1) the order of the problems is not the same and (2) the numeric data of most problems are not the same. The reason for this considerably aditional work (e.g., differnt solutions manuals and different solutions in the appendix) is simple: Deter the sale of international copies (usually much cheaper) in the US market. Having said that, the fact remians that Taha's book is one of the most oustanding references in the field.
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