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stagefoureddiediaz · 1 month ago

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Costume Meta 812 Disconnected

Ok so this would’ve been out a couple of days ago if it hadn’t been a super busy week at work and if a certain something relating to Bobby hadn’t distracted me so this didn’t get finished! It’s also a monster post - I got very carried away with colour theory - but it’s all done now - in the Knick of time before 813 starts - so lets dive in!

I will be focusing on costumes, but there will be quite a bit of set stuff in this meta because it is relevant as it interacts with the costumes, but also because yellow and blue colour theory really was out in full force in this episode which made me so very happy! We also had red and blue colour theory playing out as well in the first Buck and Eddie video call - but we’ll get to that in a little bit.

Let’s start with orange and brown colour theming - the two colours I have spoken about in a lot of my other metas as being the overall colour theme for the season. Here in this episode we get a lot of orange and brown cropping up - especially in connection with Eddie. Most noticable is the amount of brown Eddie is wearing and the journey it goes on through the episode - both in terms of quantity of it, and also in terms of shade!

We see the first brown Eddie is wearing on his yellow ochre cream and brown plaid shirt - the cream and yellow ochre are the more dominant colours, but the Brown is there. After that the next time we see Eddie wearing brown, it is again at the Diaz house. In fact at the Diaz house, we only see Eddie in shades of brown. The rest is below the cut to save your dash!

I have to say I love Ryans answer to the question about Eddies costumes for this episode. As a costumer it’s always great when you have an actor who is invested in what their character is wearing, how they wear it and why they are wearing a certain item. It makes the process collaborative and so much easier - you can really get to know what that actor is seeing in the script and how they are intending to play each scene - what their read on where the character is at and where they are going. Ryan talking about Eddie wearing different clothing in El Paso and how he wanted that to be a thing that we could see is exactly right - it is likely what ABP and her team were intending on doing to some extent, but Ryan specifically stating that he felt that should be the case makes it clear that he too is viewing Eddie as reverting and trying to fit himself back into that mould he broke free of. And the fact that we see the El Paso Eddie most clearly in the costuming when he is around his parents and when he is selling his car makes it even clearer where they are going with their intentions when it comes to costuming, and costuming Eddie in particular in this episode. More on that a bit later!

With the idea of Texas Eddie being different from LA Eddie firmly in mind, lets start with the costumes he wears when interacting with Helena and Ramon. This shirt with the yellow ochre is the brightest of all his outfits for the episode (technically the white tee is brighter, but the grey hoodie tones that outfit down making this one brighter!) and its interesting that we see it as his second outfit - at a point when he is still full of hope and optimism about reconnecting with Chris and the move being a good thing. This is Eddie in the closest colouring to yellow that we’ve seen him in a long time - it’s Eddie closest to his truest self - but even that is at cross purposes because of the check patterning - indicating that its not going to go well for him. In this scene he’s full of hope at beginning to reconnect with Chris and he is hopeful of the job at the firehouse and that having his own place will encourage Chris to move back in with him. After this - when the ps5 doesn’t work in getting Chris back to him and we see his parents undermining him at every turn, his colours mute and become dull and actually drain Eddie of colour as they are not a great choice for him tonally.

Which is exactly what we see with the final Diaz family scene which mirrors the first. This shirt, it is a much darker and more muted toned shirt - where before the yellow ochre and cream were the more dominant colours, here we have the brown being dominant with the beige and green taking a back seat. It’s a reversal of the ochre shirt in the same way that this scene is a reversal of the first scene. Where the brighter colours and lighter tone was indicative of Eddies hope and joy at being reconnected with his son and the possibility of a firefighting job - making him feel like he had stability and that he was succeeding, the darkening and more muted tone of this shirt is indicative of the impact his parents are having on him, and the fact that none of his hopes around his move to El Paso appear to be coming to fruition. The check pattern is indicating that what is happening in that scene is important and will come into play shortly and its also the first time we see Eddie in green toning in this episode - playing into the idea that the army version of Eddie is creeping back in - we’ve barely seen Eddie in green in seasons 7 or 8 - compared with how often we used to see him in it. In fact the only time we’ve actually seen him in green in the past two seasons have been in scenes that have played into that idea of a battle or conflict of some kind. For example - Eddie is in green in 704 when he arrives at the hangar, or he’s in green when he’s out on the boating lake with Kim, or when he’s trying to sublet his house - all scenes that are part of a building conflict within Eddies life.

So to have green appearing here is all about that thread of conflict starting to creep in. If that is meant to be the conflict we get with Chris discovering he’s not a firefighter but an uber driver (which is more an internal conflict) or if its about establishing the up coming conflict with his parents - Mom - remains to be seen - my feeling is its likely to be about both as they are likely connected. He is also not wearing his watch at this point either - which I will come back to in a moment.

In the middle of this we have this burgundy shirt - which is very brown toned. There is no check here, so its not about establishing check theory - although Ramon then takes up that check theory mantle and wears check is shirt is interesting to me and not only because it almost matches the mug! It looked much more maroon toned in the stills we got, but seeing it on screen, it is definitely more burgundy. Burgundy is a colour that is meant to represent power and sophistication. But it is also a colour that is connected to being prideful, introspection, being reserved and compassionate but also being a control freak. It also ties into the colouring I spoke about in my stills drop meta about the Diaz kitchen in 517. In that meta (read it here) I spoke about the darker red centred around Ramon being a symbol of poor health, while the brighter red in that scene surrounding Eddie was about him being in a healthier place, and that it was a symbol of Ramon missing out on things - on time and is what we’re kind of seeing in play here - this is Eddie not in a great place - his life is not going how he’d hoped - he’s struggling with connecting with Chris, he’s not a firefighter and he thinks that’s the only thing that Chris has ever been proud of him for so he’s failed there, he’s actively lying again and the job he has got is not going well and he had to give up the truck as part of that and he is having to let his parents provide for Chirs even further as he doesn’t have money coming in. He is also dealing with them undermining him, so it’s a symbol of everything compounding on him. To further add to this - he is not wearing his new blue strap watch - a symbol of the life he has left behind in LA (as it’s a firefighter watch). The fact that this scene and the brown check shirt scene are both missing the watch is pretty revealing. If you look at all the Eddie scenes across the episode you can see the watch in all of them, except these two - the two scenes when Eddie is at his lowest and feels like the biggest failure, when he isn’t having any success in anything - including getting to hear his son actually ask for his opinion on something he wants to do. Eddie feels like he is against the clock ans we actively see him missing out on something he came back to El Paso to try and do - parent his son. He has placed importance on being able to financially provide for Chris and he’s failing at doing that and then he is asleep and so misses Chris actively choosing to include him in his life and weigh in on an decision. The watch returns the moment Eddie starts making money - when he is able to provide in a financial way for Chris again - he has time once more.

It’s also one of the few times we see his hair not in his Texas helmet hairstyle around his parents - which to me feels like its about showing him as the not put together Eddie he’s trying to portray to his parents - when he’s asking for his parents to cover chess club fees because he’s not yet making any money as uber Eddie - its about showing us that his parents are seeing Eddie as a failure in that moment.

The other scene we have at the Diaz family home is on the couch when he is handing a computer game to Chris. I will talk about the insane amount of yellow and blue in this scene later on, but for now, we’re looking at costumes. You can see yet more check on Ramon in this scene, while Chris is in horizontal stripes - in yellow ochre and brown. Helena is in pale pink and white vertical stripes, while Eddie is in a solid black Henley and back to wearing his new watch - like I said above - he has time on the parenting clock once more.

In many ways the black Henley is a symbol of both Texas and LA Eddie - we see him wearing Henley’s of multiple colours in both environments in the show. Black ones however seem to be heavily attached to scenes that lead into issues - most of which surround Chris.

As a very quick rundown of when he wears a black Henley we have stolen money interrogation in 215 (which is attached to the flashbacks of arguments with Shannon about Chris’s surfing lessons and money), Eddie picking up Chris after Shannons death in 217, and in 218 when Bobby returns to the firehouse but Buck is still not there and Eddie makes his ‘almost’ comment about things being back to normal. Then we don’t see another one until Eddie takes in Hoover in 605, in 609 when he is playing computer games when Buck tells everyone he has successfully helped to create life, in 614 at Pepa’s house when she is setting Eddie up on a blind date, which ultimately leads to him dating Marisol, and finally in 701 When Buck talks to Chris about dating and Eddie then gives Chris the letter Shannon wrote for him.

As I hope you can see, most - but not all - are connected to Chris is some way - the only ones I would say aren’t directly connected to Chris are the 218 one at the firehouse and the sperm donor one in 609 - although it is connected into the concept of fatherhood - and that is what I think the black Henley means on Eddie - its about Eddie as a father and his ability to be able to provide for his son being called into question in some way - financially or through the provision of a second parental figure - either Shannon as Chris’s actual mother, or through the family expectation that a mother figure should exist in some way - which is then technically connected back to Shannon because Marisol is caught up in the Kim of it all (that part of this is technically a retcon as the Marisol of it all and the subsequent bringing back of Shannon within that arc wouldn’t have been known when the 614 scene was shot). The thing with all these scenes is that they precede issues of varying degrees treat Eddie encounters as a father.

Here in this scene we have Eddie able to provide for his son - financially - but Helena is still subtly calling him out and we know that he is lying about his income source at this point in time and that this lie is going to get discovered - it’s preceding the issue he is about to face of Chris discovering him in another lie.

We see Eddie in this episode wearing blue a couple of times, the first time we have the blue Eddie is as we open the episode with him at the 270 El Paso firehouse. Eddie is wearing what is effectively a blue check version of a firefighters uniform - navy trousers, black shoes and a blue shirt, even down to the belt with the square silver buckle imitating a firefighter belt. Eddie is also wearing his firefighter watch - adding further to the blue on blue of this costume. The shirt is a navy check over a lighter blue background, which is obviously not fully replicating a fire fighters uniform shirt, but it is about playing into check theory - that its Eddie at a crossroads and that things are not likely to go well for him at the firehouse in this episode (the dialogue is suggestive that the hiring freeze will end and he’ll get to become a firefighter again, but that he will also fulfill the captains fears and leave - when LA tugs at him and pulls him back) - but the use of all blue is really about pushing the narrative of Eddie identifying himself as a firefighter. It’s check theory establishing the fact that Eddie has relied on that identity as a firefighter in the same way he did with his identity as a soldier. It’s telling us that Eddie isn’t going to be able to identify himself through that route anymore - it’s about stripping that part of him away in the same way they removed his identity as a father. This is the deconstruction of Eddie in costume - giving a nod to his past (for now) career as a firefighter, whilst also setting him up as a wearer of check as he becomes ‘more Texas’ and essentially reverts back to pre LA Eddie - the one we saw in 315.

Then we see him in his new home in a short sleeved blue Henley with khaki green trousers. This costume was perhaps the most interesting choice in the entire episode to me and becasue even more so after Ryans interview answer about Eddies style changing in Texas. Becasue this costume is the one that most loudly speaks of Eddies style in LA - and it really helps to showcase the duality of Eddie in this moment - something his costumes across the entire episode play into. Around his parents - at their house specifically - and in that opening scene at the firehouse, we get a lot of check and a lot of clear nods to Texas Eddie. While in other scenes - when he’s talking to Buck and therefore connected in to LA, or in the last scene when he reconnects with Chris, we see his costumes closer to his LA style. You can see this style most clearly in his first video call with Buck - he’s just found out he hasn’t got a job at the firehouse in El Paso and is contemplating a return to LA so he can at least keep on providing for Chris.

The blue is a greyish blue and has that muted tone to it I spoke about earlier, but it is very much an outfit I would associate with LA Eddie and its doing multiple things in this scene, its connecting him into LA yes, but a part of that is showing where he actually belongs - the fact he’s wearing it when the El Paso captain calls to tell him about the hiring freeze is about the fact that part of him is still in LA - but it also connects him into being a firefighter because Eddie doesn’t wear blue that often - he does wear it, but its infrequent in his non uniform attire. It’s also about connecting him to Buck in two ways, firstly the few times we do see him in blue outside of his uniform, it is nearly always connected to Buck in some way - think Poker date, or the conversation about his dad in Chris’s room in Hero complex or when he’s telling him about the will or asking Buck for Help with Chris when he won’t come out of his room. And secondly, by having them both in blue for this scene and then also having them both connected into red - Bucks apron being the same maroon red as the chair Eddie sits in. Both aspects of this connection to Buck are about showing the depth of the our connection and also about Eddie listening to and hearing Buck - which is also something we see in those other scenes when Eddie wears blue.

The other thing its doing is telling us that when Eddie is alone - when he’s isn’t performing in any way, he reverts to wearing what he would wear in LA - that is his true style and true self. The show is literally showing us who Eddie is - at a moment when he’s had everything he holds as his identity stripped away from him (just like he’s stripping off that wallpaper I will get to in a minute!) - he isn’t a firefighter and he isn’t a father (in this moment as Chris is still not back with him and Eddie is feeling that divide) - the two things he has put at the centre of who he is and all he is left with is the parts of himself he hasn’t considered part of his identity - LA and Buck - its about that red string of fate connecting Eddie to those two things. That is why we have the red armchair in use here and why they have changed out Bucks usual firehouse apron for the maroon one. (I am going to point out that Buck is seemingly working on a salad at he firehouse - if you want to add it into salad theory then feel free to do so😎)

We also have the blue of the denim shirt. This outfit mirrors the one from the above scene - the blue and khaki combo - but a more Texas version. I’ve already written a lot about this outfit in my pre episode meta - and I stand by a lot of what I said about the repeat outfit of it and how it is connected into the concept of family and being on the right path, but also how it is connected to breaking free. I wanted to see the scene in full before I committed to anything solid around Shannon and Eddies grief and while we didn’t get anything explicit in the scene around Shannon - Eddies difficulty and sadness over giving up the Denali really does play into that concept of it being tied to Shannon and his grief and of letting her go. The reason I say this is because up to this point he hasn’t had much luck in connecting with Chris and things are not looking great for him, but in getting rid of the truck he does actually start to make progress and even though he lies about his job, he is able to salvage things with Chris - he owns up to his lying -thanks to Buck stopping his spiral and prompting him into making contact and actually pushing a bit - something he hasn’t done up to this point (that we’ve been shown) and his doing so bears fruit and he gets to reconnect with Chris - the act of letting go of the truck (and also his conviction that being a firefighter is the only thing Chris is proud of him for) symbolically is Eddie letting go of the last piece of his old life and that final piece being gone essentially frees Chris from the burden of it as well. I don’t know how much the show is going to show Chris and Eddie rebuilding their relationship from here - or if it will contain much angst (my feeling is that it won’t - that the angst will come from the Helena and Ramon side of things in Texas - but I do know that they’ve effectively cleared that final hurdle and that Chris and Eddie will just be seen rebuilding their relationship into something new before they return to LA. The key scene link with this outfit is the one from Eddie begins - it sets this costume as Texas Eddie, but it also connects into a scene where Eddie and Chris bond and begin to forge a new relationship - after his fight with his parents. The fight hasn’t happened yet but this outfit marks the same point in Eddie and Chris’s relationship as it did in Eddie begins - the actual beginning - when they were actually on the same page and able to connect - in a period after Shannon had left (the car representing Shannon leaving in this 812 scene).

A slight detour from costumes so that I can talk about Yellow and blue colour theory and its insane levels and use in this episode! I have already mentioned it a couple of times above and I did speak about it at length in my pre episode meta as well, but now I have seen the full extent of the car lot, and seen more of Eddies house and the make up of those scenes, I have a lot to say!

Car lot first - soooooo much yellow - like an insane amount of yellow as you can see in the picture above and below - Eddie is literally surrounded by it. There is also a lot of blue there as well in the scene - it’s just not visible in these screen grabs - but it is in the stills.

The Diaz parents house - which I’ve spoken about at length is also heavily coded yellow and blue - you can see the couch in the picture I included earlier, but below you can see a wide overhead shot which really highlights just how much blue and especially yellow there is. We‘re set up for Eddies arc of self discovery and now he has regained some grasp on fatherhood - we will be able to watch him continue to dismantle himself through his fixer upper and then build the new version of Eddie - but we’re still in the deconstruction part right now (more on that in a minute!) It’s no coincidence that the entirety of the Diaz parented house is yellow and blue coded. The screen grab of the wider high up angle shots we got show us the blue and yellow of it all - it’s essentially queer coding Eddies childhood in my eyes - the house being multiple shades of yellow and it being on the walls, while the blue is more there in scent form - chairs and curtains or dish towels. Yellow is Eddies colour and there was no reason for them to have gone that heavy on the yellow and blue coding in this episode around Eddie (espeically when you consider the madney scenes are heavily red coded!) in his parents house if it wasn’t about playing on the yellow and blue colour theory. They could have chosen any colour combination to decorate Helena and Ramon’s house but they chose these colours because Eddie is the main character here and Helena and Ramon are essentially plot devices - there to serve Eddies storyline and therefore their home is there to serve that same narrative, hence why it is colour coded for Eddie.

I’ve gone on and on about how yellow and blue colour coding in media is about queer coding - how it stems from the Wizard of Oz and the ‘friend of Dorothy’ being code for being gay and how it really found its feet during the Hayes code era, but how it has essentially become shorthand for queer subtext when it was still taboo for queer narratives to be told and how that has then transferred into actual queer media as an indicator of it being queer media (Heartstopper, RWRB, love Simon, stranger things, Mary and George etc etc all using the colour theory as part of the visual narrative), so to have Eddies childhood home (we assume - its certainly implied in Hero complex to be the case) so heavily yellow and blue coded (yellow especially) is suggestive that Eddies queer arc is going to stem from his childhood. Espeically as like I said in my pre episode meta - the yellow and blue is much more heavily surrounding Eddie than others in those scenes - look at Chris and Ramon on the yellow couch while Eddie is on the armchair - the room is yellow dominant - the darker yellow walls, the yellow of the couch and armchair themselves. But while the couch throw cushions are brown toned the throw cushion on the armchair is blue - subtly placing Eddie in the yellow/blue colouring while Chris and Ramon are yellow/ brown coded. Even Ramons blue check shirt is helping surround Eddie in the yellow and blue as he reaches over to hand Chris a computer game.

At the dining table during the scenes set there, the yellow walls and blue curtains are much more heavily surrounding Eddie compared with anyone else. Ramon and Chris have a lot more of the white of the cupboards or the nets at the windows in their backgrounds, and in the case of Helena, the net curtains and the painting makes up her background, breaking up the yellow and blue. We even have the very yellow lampshade positioned above Eddie during the scene - yes Ramon also appears under it, but it’s held in shot over Eddie far longer.

The fact that it’s specifically the walls that are yellow is also key. The show is very heavily playing on the metaphor of a house being a representation of the person who owns/ lives there - it’s something they’ve been doing with Eddie since the beginning. We were shown the LA Diaz house in season 2 early on and shown that all the spaces Chris occupied were far more decorated than Eddies bedroom, with brighter colours used in the decorative aspects such as furniture, pictures and carpets etc while Eddies room is painted magnolia with a simple dark blue bedspread, sparsely furnished and no art on the walls - it was all about showing us that Chris is Eddies focus - that he comes first in every aspect of who Eddie is - to the detriment of Eddie himself. The bedroom being sparse and cold is symbolic of Eddie neglecting himself - his own wellbeing. We only see this change slowly over time with the introduction of a bit of art on the walls - which all connects into his Texas and Mexican roots but plays on the idea of it being an inhospitable environment - cactus artworks suggesting prickliness. After he has destroyed his room we see the most drastic change - Eddies room gets colour - the walls are painted blue and we get new artwork, new lamps and furniture. The room is still cold though - the blue is icy and the art is a black and white photo of El Capitan and the yellow toned painting of a lone cowboy on a horse. Its saying that Eddies room is still not a warm and comfortable and inviting space - that his mind isn’t - that he still has a mountain to climb and also that he is a bit of a Lone Ranger.

So here, in what we are going to assume is Eddies childhood home, to have the walls being multiple shades of yellow is about the concept of yellow representing the very fabric of who Eddie is. Like the foundations, the walls and roof of a house are fundamental aspects of the structure - they are basic requirements of a house - and are therefore representative of the core parts of who someone is - Eddie in this case - and because it is his childhood home these walls are showing us who young Eddie is/was. They’re telling us this is the Eddie that needs to be rediscovered and then they further this concept by having Eddie ripping down the wallpaper in his fixer upper house - revealing yellow walls beneath the blue - in a yellow that is the same colour as the walls in the Diaz family house - suggesting Eddie is getting back to who that Eddie is.

The blue check pattern wallpaper in Eddies new house is also giving us information about Eddie - its telling us that check pattern theory is in play in Eddies life in a big way - indicating that big change is coming in the fundamentals of who Eddie has become - that the very fabric of who he is currently is going to be changed.

There is something to be said about Eddie removing the blue from the house and revealing the yellow of his childhood underneath. It’s not just about the fact that that Buck is blue coded while Eddie is yellow - which is important and plays on the idea that we are stripping back Bucks perspective of Eddie and seeing the real Eddie to a certain extent, but its also about Eddie removing layers of the things he himself has hidden behind - he’s hidden behind Buck and allowed himself to not get lost exactly, but to almost fade down. It’s about the show giving us Bucks pov on so much of Eddie that we don’t actually see who Eddie is and this plot line is about the fullness of Eddie being revealed - that we’re able to now see Eddie without the Buck goggles on - but also that Eddie is able to do that as well - Buck has provided Eddie with a huge safety net up to this point - stepping in and being that coparent to Chris with him and having his back at work. Eddie now gets to figure himself out - he still has Buck in his life and Buck is still going to have his back, but Eddie is learning to do things for himself to a much greater extent and this shows that transition for him. The entire house is a metaphor for Eddie finding himself now he has had everything stripped away from him. He is starting to put some of himself together - setting up furniture and making it feel a bit more homely even if the building itself needs a lot more work and its no coincidence that we see Chris coming to him at the moment we get to see that he has actually made inroads in that unpacking himself and setting up his living room - a space that is a shared one which enables him to be vulnerable in a way he hasn‘t really done before with Chris.

The show was given us box POV on so much of Eddie that we don’t actually see who Eddie is and this plot line is about the fullness of Eddie being revealed they were able to now see Eddie without the buck goggles on and without his identity as a firefighter but also that Eddie is able to do that for himself as well. we saw this concept played out to a certain extent in Season five after Eddie‘s breakdown when he left the 118, but he was still technically a firefighter then but was physically there providing Eddie with a huge safety in it stepping in and supporting him. Eddie is now in a situation where all that has been taken away from him and he now gets to figure himself out – he still has back in his life and is still going to have His back, he’s still a safety in it – as we see through the video calls, but Eddie is learning to do things for himself to a much greater extent this episode is about setting that up and showing that transition for him.

I do just quickly want to mention the sagey green wall at the far end of the room which appears to be the wall with the doors that go through to the bedroom and bathroom parts of the house. The fact this wall is green is playing into Eddie‘s army green colouring, the bedrooms are the most private spaces in a house and therefore are representative of your innermost self, your truest self. We’ve seen this metaphor play out before with Eddie when he destroyed his bedroom back in season five it was about him trying to destroy part of who he was at his core. so using Green on that wall is suggestive that Eddie is not ready to deal with that part of himself yet and that is why he’s focused on the living room, the shared space of the house and will work his way towards the bedrooms.

Staying with the set aspect of it all for a little bit longer - we need to talk about couch theory because sue it was doing some very heavy lifting in this episode - and not just because Eddie mentions that he might need to sleep on Bucks uncomfortable couch! Because when Eddie is making that comment his couch is in shot – I need his covered in a dust sheet. At his own couch is not available to him and the show is taking great care and effort to establish the idea that Eddies couch is the right couch – but it’s the one both buck and Eddie are comfortable on and that they are able to be themselves on it and leather filters down. But falling asleep there easily after the lightning strike when he was having trouble sleeping on his own loft, Eddie discovering joy for himself heavily featuring the couch and then we also see both of them sat on it together for the very first time after that – showing them sharing joy and sorry together and just being able to be – not needing to say a word.

There is something to be said about Eddie removing the blue from the house and revealing the yellow of his childhood underneath. It’s not just about the fact that buck is blue coated well Eddie is yellow which is important and plays into the idea that we are stripping back box perspective, Eddie and seeing the real Eddie to a certain extent, but it is also about Eddie removing the layers of things he himself has hidden behind most of his life. He’s hidden behind various people or jobs for most of his life, Helena in the beginning, Shannon in his team and young adult is, the army, Chris as soon as he was born, and Eddie became a father and since moving to LA, being a firefighter and buck. This allowed himself to, not get lost exactly, but it just exist in the safe space that these people and jobs help create and that meant he didn’t have to examine those parts himself at his core.

It being covered over with a dust sheet here in this scene is about protecting it – it’s the most important thing in the scene – it’s literally the only piece of furniture that Eddie has covered up, yes there are things still in boxes, but may many of those are semi unpacked and none of the rest of his furniture is covered to protect it. Eddie is tearing down the house, but the couch is the one thing he has chosen to ensure has protection from the fallout while he literally stripped back the walls – stripping back the layers of himself.

It’s also a metaphor for Eddie not wanting to look at what the couch represents in that moment – that he is not ready to examine what the couch means – family, love, and comfort. Is a way of Eddie denying himself those things – he is still punishing himself and he needs to work on the fabric of himself before he can begin to examine what exists on the couch. Doing this also gives us a parallel with fucking 601 choosing not to replace his couch and just use the armchair – to work on himself before he finds a couch that is the right couch for him. In this scene Eddie only has his red leather chair to sit up. He is denying himself the comfort and love the couch provides. It is a show building further layers to the couch metaphor, which they take even further with the living room itself.

Eddie does eventually set up the living room - even as he is still working to remove the blue wallpaper - but he only sets the couch up once the blue is removed from the couch side of the room - so that the walls around the couch are yellow - bringing yellow and blue colour theory into play once again. The other thing about the living room itself is the way that its been set up to replicate the way he had his living room set up in LA - the front door behind the couch to its left, set up in front of the fireplace, with the red leather chair to the left of the fireplace. The room is narrower, so it’s a more compact version, but even the windows are located the same positions, they have even set up the dining room shelves in a position that mimics the large carved cabinet in Eddies LA living room set up (I assume the cabinet is in one of the bedrooms and that’s why we don’t see it - because it wouldn’t actually fit there!)! This is showing us that LA is where Eddie actually wants to be - where he feels he truly belongs - it’s about that home he had set up in LA being the right home for him and the couch now being set up is about Eddie being ready for Chris and Chris is the only one to sit on it - Eddie hugs Chris on the couch, but he never actually interacts with it himself.

And then there is the additional fact that in the previous episode, Buck sets up his own furniture in the Diaz LA living room in the same layout that Eddie had his - Buck toys with the idea of having the furniture in a different layout as you can see from this screen grab below

but the show makes a big effort to then show us that he has it set up to replicate Eddies layout. It really shows us that they belong together - that they are a family and that set up is a representation of their family dynamic. The other aspect of Buck decor is how cold it is - Buck is making it home by setting it out in the same way, right down to the armchair as Eddie had it but the colouring of his furniture doesn’t work with the cream walls where it did in the loft with its industrial and darker toned spaces. The loft was all greys and blacks and white and warm toned browns and high ceilings. But Eddies house is magnolia and the ceilings are lower and the lighting is brighter and coming from all angles instead of from one. Because of this it makes the space look like it lacks in colour - Eddie had coloured furniture and a rug to add warmth to the space, as well as the art on the walls, but Bucks furniture and art is making it look very flat toned and bland. It really plays into the idea of Bucks world being drained of colour without Eddie in it (not that he has been drained of colour, but the world around him).

The other aspect of the set design - before we go back to costumes, is the three magnets on Bucks fridge! Yes magnet theory is back in business! we only have the three magnets on Bucks fridge - which I find very interesting considering the fact that he had gone for a full assault of magnets and pictures on his fridge during 8a. the fact we have a yellow magnet, a blue magnet and a white/grey magnet and their positioning is making me thing about the sun moon and earth. Buck is the blue magnet as per yellow blue colour theory, and Eddie is the yellow one and I think the grey one is meant to represent Tommy.

The reason I think this is because it’s meant to be a play on the way Eddie and Tommy had been lit around Buck, as well as the use of lighting in 811 for the Tommy scenes - the use of darkness for the hook up especially (in fact its no coincidence that the majority of the BT scenes took place at night!). In 704 we were shown Eddie being bathed in light - glowing with light haloed around him, Tommy in that same episode was always in shadow or darkly lit - you can see it very clearly during the basketball game, but the loft scene between Buck and Tommy also shows Tommy being lit darkly and partially in shadow.

Even the kitchen scene in 811 shows Tommy always in shadow - he never goes near the windows - always in the shadow of the cabinets or on the far side of the room away from the light. This is because Buck is the earth and he orbits around Eddie - who is the sun, while Tommy essentially orbits around Buck (he’s a plot device that’s what they do!). The sun generates its own heat and light, whereas the moon can only reflect the sun’s light.

This is a play on the fact that Buck has misunderstood who’s attention he was trying to get - its no mistake that scene at the loft took place at night while all the times Buck was trying to get someone’s attention it was bright daylight. The moon is known as a symbol of enlightenment and transformation (and madness) and those are both things Tommy has helped Buck with but at the end of the day, the moon is borrowing its light from the sun in the same way Tommy is borrowing light from Eddie. The sun is a life force, but the moon is not - its reflected light can help guide you in the dark when it is full, but it cannot sustain life. That is exactly what we have seen play out with Buck Tommy and Eddie so far - Buck has been enlightened by Tommy, but he cannot be sustained by that - he needs the sun - Eddie - to thrive!

Back to costumes now and while we’re here, we’ll talk about Bucks teal. Teal is such an interesting colour - its a combination of of blue and green and can lean in either direction - this one is more blue toned - its almost peacock blue - but there is enough green in it to class it as teal (Bucks phone case is more peacock blue) Teal is a colour of clarity and openmindedness and objectivity and wisdom. These are all key traits we see Buck exibitiing in this scene - especially objectivity and clarity which he provides to Eddie and which Eddie takes on board and as a result is able to really make some inroads into healing things with Chris.

We are also meant to draw a comparison between Buck and Chris - who are both on Eddies dash in shades of blue. Buck is obviously in teal as we;ve just discussed, while Chris is in a blue that looks like Bucks normal blue. Chris being in blue here is really important as blue is a colour associated with trust, responsibility and protection - the little photo of Chris here is a representation of what Eddie is trying to regain - his parental responsibilities for his child who he wants to protect (and feels he failed) and Chris’s trust and Buck in his teal hoodie is able to provide the wisdom clarity and objectivity that allows Eddie to begin to do just that later in the episode.

I do just want to quickly mention the tree air fresheners while we’re here as well. We see Eddie fit a blue tree to his rear view mirror at the beginning of his uber Eddie arc and he then purchases a green one and switches them out just before he picks up Ezra and Chris and it remains during his talk with Buck. It’s no coincidence that we get this colour switch at this moment in time. The blue tree is representing those traits we spoke about above - trust, responsibility, and protection and blue can also be a symbol of reliability as well as conservatism. These are all traits Eddie needs to be an uber driver and that is why we have the blue tree there during the montage of his adventures in that job. But in the scene with Chris and the chat with Buck the green colour meaning is needed. Green is growth and renewal, hope and the future, but it is also judgemental. Eddie is judging himself in this couple of scenes and he thinks Chirs is too, but Buck also helps him to find some hope for the future and we see Eddies growth in the fact that he takes on board Bucks advice and actually actions it which leads to the renewal of Eddie and Chris’s relationship.

There is a second aspect to the green tree as well - back in 701 Eddie talks to Buck about Chris dating multiple girls and asks him to talk to Chris about it. They are dealing with a small car fire and Buck hands the cars owner a green tree air freshener and says that it wasn’t a total loss when he asks. We have a parallel conversation here between Buck and Eddie and once again - it’s not a total loss for Eddie - he has a chance to salvage something.

Let’s finish up on Eddies grey which has an interesting journey with Eddie. We’ve seen him wear an increasing amount of grey in the seasons where he is going through mental health arcs - so seasons 5 and 6 are grey heavy. This seaosn so far hasn’t been, but we get a pretty sizeable chunk of this episode with him in grey.

We start with the montage of him dealing with all the various issues in his fixer upper house showing us a hint of the reality of what Eddie has purchased, and then we spend all of his time as an uber driver with him wearing a grey hoodie over a white tee. Grey is a neutral, balanced colour and is also ambiguous and considered a colour of safety, professionalism and practicality.

The fact that they have been increasing the amount of grey Eddie wears as we go through the seasons where he is dealing with his mental health is interesting, because of its neutrality as well as safety, but here in this season I find interesting not only on that front, but also its ambiguous connotations. The fact that we see him trying to settle into his fixer upper house - dealing with leaks and faulty electrics etc whilst wearing grey (or grey blue as that is what he was wearing in the scene when he didn’t get he firefighting job - it needed to be both blue and grey!) makes that ambiguity clear - Eddie is unsure about what he is doing - if it is the right thing to be doing at all. It also ties that ambiguity to Eddie tearing down and rebuilding his life and himself - ambiguity about which way it could go - success or failure - but also straight or queer. Its a bit of a tease from the wardrobe team as to Eddie’s arc - that the straight or queer question is one that needs to be asked and if that needs to be asked then the answer will fall in the queer camp - hence the yellow and blue coding in the rooms themselves.

The hoodie over the white tee is essentially Eddie in uniform and it plays into those other meanings of grey - safety professionalism and practicality - once more all things we see Eddie exhibit in his uber driver scenes - especially when he has learnt the unwritten rules of being an uber driver from his very helpful passenger. The blue ties and zip give a little nod to the trustworthy and protection and responsibility elements of blue as well all working together with the grey but also still keeping him connected to his blue firefighters uniform in a low key way - suggesting things he learnt as a firefighter are relevant to him i his job as an uber driver.

Right, I’m going to stop waffling now as this has got super long and is super late! As always, I hope you enjoyed this costume meta that was more a set meta and colour theory conversation than about the costumes this week, and thanks for taking the time to read it - it means a lot to me.

Tagged people below and do let me know if you want adding to the list!

@lover-of-mine @spotsandsocks @fruityfirehose @wanderingwomanwondering @livingwherethesidewalkends @buddiediaz118 @bewitchedbewilderedbisexual @satvojihusana @elvensorceress @icebergeddie @buckleyanddiaz @eddiedisasterdiaz @kejfeblintz @cookie-kat777 @leothil @bucksbelly @kyoteugly @bi-moonlight @somebodycall911onabc @trudayss @chaosandwolves @lemotmo

#Kym costume meta #911 costume meta #911 colour theory #Kym colour theory #911 set design #this is so much later than I intended to get it out!#its been a bit of an insane week!#911 abc #eddie diaz #evan buckley #buddie #911 on abc

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felicia1mallet-blog · 7 years ago

Text

Test Bank Experiencing the Lifespan 3rd Edition

For Order This And Any Other Test

Banks And Solutions Manuals, Course,

Assignments, Discussions, Quizzes, Exams,

Essay

List three normative and three non-normative influences in your life.

Describe (and speculate) on the ways an 80-year-old and a 20-year-old might view the Great Recession and Obama's presidency.

Joey and Jack are born on the same day in the same hospital. The socioeconomic status of Joey's family is higher than average. Jack comes from a poverty-level family. What differences between Joe and Jack might you predict as they travel through life?

Explain how you might teach table manners to a 4-year-old, using operant conditioning.

Brandi, a college sophomore, seeks help from the counseling center for her extreme shyness and is offered a choice of treatments. She can have sessions with a behavioral therapist, work with a psychoanalyst, or get therapy from a person who follows the developmental systems perspective. Explain in a sentence how each treatment would differ from the others.

Dr. Ragan, a behaviorist, is the new director of an organization that prepares people to return to college after they have dropped out. Dr. Ragan's mission is to design a program to assist clients in their efforts to successfully reenter school. Using the principles of traditional behaviorism, modeling, and self-efficacy, spell out some strategies that Dr. Regan might employ.

Spell out the main similarity and difference between John Bowlby's attachment theory and traditional psychoanalytic theory.

As a psychologist, you want to determine the heritability (or genetic contribution) to political attitudes. Describe how you would design your study. What findings would suggest that political attitudes are highly genetic?

Give an example each of evocative and active genetic/environment forces and how they have shaped the person you are. Then give an example of either an optimum or poor person-environment fit this semester in your life.

10.

Compare and contrast Erikson and Freud's ideas.

11.

Explain Piaget's concepts of assimilation and accommodation and give a concrete example of those processes.

12.

You are a developmentalist studying the relationship between parenting practices and children's sociability. Your plan is to watch each family's interactions at home, and then observe each child's relationships with peers at school. Name your type of measurement and spell out its advantage and disadvantages.

13.

Melissa and Ramon want to conduct a study to determine if exercise promotes health. Melissa plans to test this question using a correlational approach, while Ramon decides to conduct an experiment. Describe what each student's research might look like and discuss the respective pluses and minuses of each plan.

14.

After conducting a cross-sectional study, you find that older workers are more satisfied with their jobs than are younger workers. How should you interpret this finding?

15.

List the pluses and minuses of conducting longitudinal research.

16.

Take a specific concept, term, or theory in this chapter and discuss how it applies to your own life.

Answer Key

Here, while answers will vary, normative influences would center on predictable culturally and biologically shared events, such as going to kindergarten, reaching puberty, having children, dying, and so forth. In cataloguing non-normative influences, students should refer to any major unexpected event in their lives.

Students' answers could legitimately vary, but I'd suspect for the 80-year-old, this election of our first Black president might be an incredible surprise; not so for today's emerging adults. In contrast, the opposite might be true of the financial crisis: it is likely to be a shock for emerging adults, but all too familiar for people who were born during the Great Depression of the l930s.

At every age, Joey might be healthier; Joey also may end up more well-educated; more likely to be married, and so forth.

Answers will center on reinforcing the child for sitting still, using a fork, saying “please pass the peas,” etc.; and ignoring the child when he shows inappropriate behavior. You can also use time out when the child misbehaves.

The behaviorist might focus on getting Brandi in positively reinforcing social situations to try to extinguish her shyness. The psychoanalyst would encourage Brandi to talk about her early life experiences and get insight into the unconscious roots of her shyness. A developmental systems proponent would attack the problem on several fronts—trying out medications and different types of therapy, exploring how everything from cultural and family values to genetic predispositions might be causing Brandi's symptoms.

From traditional behaviorism—Reinforce clients step by step for making applications, going for interviews, either individually or as a group. From modeling—specifically bring in people who have successfully returned to college years after they dropped out, to talk to clients; have clients model each other in filling out applications, and so forth, in group sessions. Self-efficacy interventions—continually bring home the message “you can succeed” directly and also via using the other techniques mentioned previously.

Bowlby agreed with the Freudians that our early experiences with caregivers shape our mental health; but he also believed in a nature explanation of behavior, namely, that the attachment response is biologically built in to promote species survival.

Here you could conduct a twin study, soliciting a large sample of identical and fraternal twins and comparing the similarity of “identicals” attitudes on a test of political attitudes with those of “fraternals.” If the identical twins had much more similar views than the fraternal twins, your conclusion would be that political attitudes are highly genetically determined. Alternatively, you could select adopted children and compare their political views with their biological and adoptive parents' views. If you found a high correlation between adoptees' attitudes and their birth parents views and virtually no similarity between adoptees' attitudes and their adoptive parents' views, you could make the same conclusion.

Answers will vary. Evocative influences, however, will relate to how personality traits—shyness, happiness, kindness, and so forth, naturally affect how other people relate to that student. In describing active forces, students should talk about talents and interests that propelled them to actively select environments where they learned to improve at that skill, such as. “I was good at sports, so I've been playing soccer since the age of 3.” Person/environment fit = “I'm terrible at math, so when I had to take statistics, I failed. . . . I really 'get' psychology so I'm getting all A's in my psych classes . . . I'm not a morning person, so why did I take all 8 AM classes?”

10.

Freud focused on the crucial importance of early childhood alone. Freud believed that our main life mission is to satisfy sexual feelings (libido) and that during early childhood we progress from the oral to the anal to the phallic stage. Erikson believed we develop throughout life and that our main life mission is to become an independent person and relate to others. His stages of development are lifelong and involve how well we have resolved each of eight “psychosocial tasks” linked to age.

11.

Piaget believed that that all learning occurs by fitting new information to what we know—assimilation—and, in the process, expanding what we know or growing mentally. So assimilation and accommodation ALWAYS take place together. For example, a baby can only suck, so he assimilates all objects, to what he knows—sucking—and in the process learns about the world of objects.

12.

Measurement approach = naturalistic observation

Advantage: gives a concrete record of the behavior

Disadvantage: very time-intensive; parents in particular may not reveal their true childrearing because they will be on good behavior while you are watching.

13.

Melissa would select a sample of adults who naturally vary in their exercise practices and relate these variations to scores on tests of health. On the plus side, this study would be easy to carry out and not pose ethical issues. On the minus side, this research design cannot prove that exercise leads to better health. Ramon would randomly assign people to either regularly exercise or not exercise, and then compare the health of the respective groups at a later date. On the plus side, Ramon's intervention could really prove that exercising promotes health. On the minus side, this study would have serious practical problems and may be unethical.

14.

You can conclude that yes, older COHORTS may be happier in their jobs, but that says nothing about whether job satisfaction really rises with age.

15.

Minuses: Longitudinal studies are incredibly expensive, take years, and involve the hassle of getting people to return. Subject attrition is nonrandom. Therefore, particularly with adults, these studies only sample how “elite” people develop.

Pluses: This is the only research method that can chart real age changes, and, more important, reveal individual patterns of development, and how earlier life experiences relate to later behavior.

16.

There are multiple possibilities.

Fill in the Blank

Core disciplines of lifespan development include ________ and ________.

The biological limit of human life, called the ________, is about ________ years.

________ is the term referring to one's income and level of education.

Harmonious family and group relationships are all important in ________. Independence and achievement are highly valued in ________.

The name in developmental science for inborn biological forces is ________.

________ theories focus on specific changes that occur at particular ages.

In traditional operant behaviorist terminology, we learn ________.

A person who has high ________ feelings will be more likely to accept a challenging task than will someone who anticipates failure.

According to Bowlby, children's early experiences with ________ shape their ability to love.

10.

Evolutionary psychologists emphasize the ________ bases of human behavior.

11.

The field that explores the biological and environment contribution to human differences is called ________.

12.

For Erikson, each life stage involves a particular developmental challenge, or ________.

13.

A researcher who looks at many different influences on behavior advocates the ________ perspective.

14.

Scientists seek to find the “truth” through ________.

15.

The disadvantage of correlational studies is that they do not allow us to determine ________.

16.

In a(n) ________, the researcher assigns groups to different treatments and looks at the results.

17.

Cross-sectional studies tell researchers about differences between or among ________.

18.

The volunteers who remain in a longitudinal study for years tend to be a(n) ________ group, much better than average.

19.

Interview studies that don't use “numbers” or statistics are called ________.

Answer Key

child development; adult development

maximum lifespan; 105

Socioeconomic status

collectivist cultures; individualistic societies

nature

Stage

reinforcement

efficacy

caregivers

10.

biological or inborn

11.

behavioral genetics

12.

psychosocial task

13.

developmental systems

14.

research

15.

what causes what

16.

experiment

17.

cohorts

18.

elite

19.

qualitative research

Multipal choice

Gerontologists study:

evolution.

genes.

diseases of the ancient world.

aging.

A developmental scientist, would MOST likely study:

crimes committed by the mentally ill.

cross-cultural ideas about the right age to toilet train children.

cures for schizophrenia.

causes of the American revolution.

What area of the lifespan did scientists first study?

child development

adult development

gerontology

prenatal development

If you were studying development a century ago, you would focus on which life stage?

child development

adult development

gerontology

prenatal development

As a developmentalist, you might study all of these topics EXCEPT:

when we typically reach certain milestones like walking or puberty.

what drugs work best for heart disease or schizophrenia.

what happens after retirement or divorce.

how people's personalities change over time.

Which is NOT a normative transition?

Mary begins kindergarten at age 5.

Sara has a child when she is in her twenties.

Josephine has a terrible car accident at age 18.

Manuel retires at age 65.

Pick the normative transition.

going to school

divorcing

sleeping in bed with a child

experiencing a recession

Which person is referring to his cohort?

“We live in the same area of the country.”

“We play tennis together every week.”

“We were born around the same time.”

“We are of the same ethnic group.”

A cohort refers to a:

group of friends.

group of people who were born around the same time.

family group.

group of people who live in the same neighborhood.

10.

When Mellissa tells you she is a “millenial” she is referring to:

her society.

her cohort.

her income.

being in the top 1 percent.

11.

Millential, Generation X, Baby Boomer. All these terms refer to our:

social class.

cohort.

society.

group of friend.

12.

The MAIN quality that differentiates the baby boom cohort is its:

size.

narcissism.

intelligence.

social status.

13.

Pick the person who is NOT a baby boomer.

Carlos, who was in college during the late l960s

Callista, who is about to turn 65

Cami, who is 40

Corrine, who became a grandma last year

14.

Pick the person who is definitely a baby boomer.

Callista, who is about to turn 65

Cami, who is in her late seventies

Corrine, who became a grandma last year

Carlos, who just got his Ph.D.

15.

Pick the person who is definitely NOT a baby boomer.

Callista, who is about to turn 65

Cami, who is in her late eighties

Corrine, who became a grandma last year

Carlos, who just got his Ph.D.

16.

All are true of the baby boomers EXCEPT they:

were teenagers during the late l960s.

are entering their young-old years.

are an incredibly large cohort.

have similar outlooks, philosophies, and world views.

17.

All are true of the baby boom cohort EXCEPT they:

are now in the aging phase of life (that is, in their fifties and sixties).

are now old-old.

are an extremely large group.

reached their teens during the 1960s.

18.

Which person is NOT a member of the baby boom cohort?

David, who was born in l946, after his dad returned from World War II

Margaret, who entered college at age l8, during the late 1960s

Lynnette, who was born during the Great Depression

Frank, who retired in 2013 at age 63

19.

If a woman tells you she is a baby boomer, she:

grew up during World War II.

grew up during the l980s.

reached her teens during the l960s or l970s.

reached her teens in the l980s.

20.

Give a main reason why childhood has gotten longer over the centuries.

schooling—need for more education

economic pressures—need for kids to stay at home

biology—children mature physically at older ages

family changes—more single-parent moms

21.

José is explaining some historical facts about childhood. He should say:

“In previous centuries, we cared more about nurturing children than we do today.”

“In previous centuries, we cared more about education than we do today.”

“In previous centuries, people were defined as adults right after college.”

“In previous centuries, activities we would see as child abuse were routine.”

22.

Which force was NOT influential in producing our modern “caring” view of childhood?

religious leaders' sermons

the writings of philosophers, such as Locke and Rousseau, who felt childhood was a special period

medical advances, which dramatically reduced infant mortality

universal education and the need for children to go to school

23.

In summarizing the “changing conceptions of childhood” section, you can make all of these points EXCEPT:

Childhood has gotten “longer” over the past centuries.

We now treat children better than “in the good old days.”

Rates of child abuse have been rising.

A century ago, no defined life stage called adolescence existed.

24.

All are true of emerging adulthood EXCEPT it:

refers to the time from high school graduation age 18 through the late 20s.

is the time when we are exploring our place in the adult world.

was promoted by the fact we now live a long time.

is an unhappy life stage.

25.

“If I am in my twenties, my life stage is ________. If I am in my sixties, I am ________.” (Pick the correct life-stage terms.)

emerging adulthood; young-old

early adulthood; a new senior citizen

first adulthood; in early old age

middle adulthood; a senior

26.

The age you have a fifty-fifty chance of surviving to is your:

lifespan.

average life expectancy.

maximum life span.

longevity.

27.

All are true of the twentieth century life-expectancy revolution EXCEPT it:

was caused by dramatic medical advances in curing infectious disease.

occurred in the first half of the twentieth century.

allowed us to live beyond the maximum lifespan.

allowed most of us to live to “the aging phase of life.”

28.

Why are deaths from heart disease much more common today than a century ago?

We are living much longer.

We are not taking as good care of our bodies.

We are working harder.

We are under more stress.

29.

Sam is describing some effects of the twentieth century life-expectancy revolution. Pick the statement he should NOT make.

“People now often reach 'full' adulthood at an older age.”

“People now often live beyond the maximum lifespan.”

“People now more often survive to the old-old years.”

“People now more often die of heart disease and cancer.”

30.

Clara is discussing characteristics of the young-old. Pick the statement she should NOT make.

“They are in their sixties and seventies.”

“They are often healthy.”

“They may say they look and feel middle aged.”

“They are in their late fifties.”

31.

Pick the MAIN DIFFERENCE between the young old and the old-old.

health (illness and disability)

wisdom

discrimination

living in the North vs. the South

32.

Phillipe is contrasting the young-old with the old-old. Pick the statement he should NOT make.

“The young-old are more likely to be healthy.”

“The young-old are in their fifites.”

“The young-old are more likely to see themselves as middle aged.”

“The young-old are more likely to be active.”

33.

Clarisa tells you, “My grandma is old-old.” What should you be thinking?

This woman is in her eighties or beyond.

This woman is more likely to be frail.

This woman is more likely to live in a nursing home.

All of the answers are correct.

34.

All are adult lifestyle changes that have occurred since the l960s EXCEPT:

many more divorced couples and single parents.

men doing much more housework and childcare.

women totally moving into the workforce.

more rigid ideas of how we should behave as adults.

35.

Sum up the main consequence of the lifestyle revolution of the 1960s.

more freedom to live our lives the way we want

more happiness

more unhappiness

more obesity

36.

Joe is discussing the causes of the Great Recession of 2008. He can make all of the following comments EXCEPT:

“It began with a bursting of a housing bubble—and a dramatic decline in real estate prices.”

“It caused strapped consumers to spend less.”

“It produced widespread layoffs.”

“Its effects are now confined to the United States.”

37.

José is discussing some fallout from the Great Recession of 2008. He should make all of these comments EXCEPT:

“It is causing a huge increase in divorce.”

“It is causing people to lose faith in the American dream—that hard work leads to success.”

“It is causing people to rethink standard ideas like “You must leave home to go to college.”

“It is leading to people retiring at older ages.”

38.

Income inequality refers to:

the widening gap between the very rich (1 percent) and the rest of the population.

the fact that we are losing our middle class and becoming a nation of very rich and poor.

the fact that recent economic gains all went to the upper 10 (or 1 percent of the population).

All of the answers are correct.

39.

If you want to know someone's socioeconomic status, you would ask:

“What is your education level?”

“What is your medical history?”

“What is your income?”

“What is your education level?” and “What is your income?”

40.

All of the following comments relate to a U.S. person's socioeconomic status, EXCEPT:

“He is earning over $100,000 year.”

“She is living under the poverty line.”

“He has a shorter life expectancy; because he has no health insurance.”

“She just turned 65.”

41.

Pick the developed nation.

Zaire

Pakistan

Indonesia

Japan

42.

“This country has a low median income and life-expectancy.” I am describing a(n):

primitive society.

developing nation.

collectivist society.

individualistic society.

43.

Mariah says, “Obedience to family comes first.” Mark tells you, “Honesty and independence are my main values in life.” Mariah's cultural worldview is ________, while Mark's is more ________.

coercive; narcissistic

caring; independent

collectivist; individualistic

individualistic; collectivist

44.

In collectivist cultures, people:

value their own needs over the good of the community.

tend to live in intergenerational extended families.

care greatly about personal success.

want to be rich.

45.

In individualistic cultures, people value:

arranged marriages.

independence.

obedience.

suppressing feelings.

46.

Who has MOST individualistic cultural worldview?

José, who puts his college plans on hold, because his grandparents are ill and he feels “family comes first.”

Kim, who is excitedly preparing for her wedding to Jules, the man her parents picked to be her husband.

Marta, who wants to go to school to become a doctor, but will easily give up this plan to preserve family harmony, if her father and brothers object.

Thomas, who wants to raise his daughters to be self-sufficient and to openly speak their mind.

47.

Which collectivist nation is becoming more individualistic and affluent?

the United States

Haiti

England

China

48.

Pick the nation that does NOT have a collectivist worldview.

the United States

India

China

Bangladesh

49.

If you met an emerging adult from a collectivist culture, she might:

be more reticent about sharing her feelings.

not want to leave home to go to college.

place enormous value on subordinating her needs to the group.

All of the answers are correct.

50.

Maya has a collectivist worldview. And Marrisa has an individualistic worldview. You might predict:

Maya values obedience more than Marrisa.

Marissa values independence more than Maya.

Marrisa values self-assertion more than Maya.

Maya is more unhappy than Marrisa.

51.

Which of these people is likely to live the longest?

Donald, a farmer in the American Midwest

Raquel, who works in a shoe factory in the Philippines

Abdul, who runs a shop in Morocco

Sarah, a third-grade teacher, in Canada

52.

Pick the largest U.S. minority group:

Asian Americans

Latinos

Blacks

Native Americans

53.

If you have a Latino friend, you can assume:

she is almost certainly living in poverty.

she has the same general world view if she immigrated from Cuba or Brazil.

not much—as a broad label, it doesn't tell us about a person's ideas or life.

she feels “not quite” American.

54.

Imagine you time traveled to the United States in the mid-twenty-first century. You would probably see all of the following EXCEPT:

many more Latino Americans.

many more “mixed race” couples.

more Asian Americans.

more African Americans.

55.

Each major ethnic minority group in the United States is:

very similar, having the same values and attitudes.

composed of people from a variety of countries, with different attitudes and worldviews.

becoming more isolated.

growing dramatically as a fraction of the U.S. population.

56.

Imagine you are living 30 years from now, in 2040, in the United States. You will see all of the following changes in the population EXCEPT:

minorities may outnumber whites.

more old-old people.

more biracial and multiracial adults and children.

African Americans may outnumber whites.

57.

The basic marker that shapes life that is MOST enduring and the LEAST likely to change is our:

cultural worldview.

gender.

cohort.

label as a single ethnic group.

58.

The statement, “Women are better than men at doing housework” is an example of a:

scientific finding.

stereotype.

marketing strategy used by industry.

universal trait.

59.

Gender differences in attitudes and lifestyles:

are mainly biological.

are mainly shaped by society.

are both shaped by biology and society.

basically stay the same over time.

60.

Which statement about the lifespan is most TRUE?

Most people's lives are the same, no matter where in the world they live.

Throughout history, people's day-to-day lives have not changed very much.

Most ideas about proper behavior are universal.

Our lifespan varies dramatically depending on our cohort, our socioeconomic status, our cultural background, and our gender.

61.

Theories in developmental science:

help us understand and predict why people act the way they do.

tell us about our genes.

are only useful in isolated cases.

involve conducting statistical tests.

62.

Dr. Kleine believes in a nature (not nurture) explanation of development. Which statement would he be MOST likely to make?

“Our personality depends on how we are treated during infancy.”

“Gender differences in friendship styles are programmed at birth.”

“Good teachers can raise IQ scores in children from impoverished homes.”

“With effort we can be anything we want in life.”

63.

Pick the statement that a traditional behaviorist would make.

“I can explain human behavior by looking at its reinforcers (or reinforcement).”

“It's very important to understand people's feelings and inner motivations.”

“Each person perceives reality differently.”

“Human behavior is very complicated.”

64.

According to B. F. Skinner, behaviors that are ________ will be learned.

stopped

reinforced

observed

beneficial

65.

JoJo, at the mall, sees a big lollipop, and asks Daddy to get it. When daddy says “no,” JoJo falls to the floor, kicking and screaming. After ignoring JoJo's tantrum for a few minutes, Daddy gives in and buys the lollipop. JoJo immediately becomes quiet. If you were a traditional behaviorist observing this scene, you would make all of the following comments EXCEPT:

“JoJo has learned 'If I scream long enough, I will be reinforced.'”

“If Daddy had ignored JoJo's tantrum, the screaming would extinguish.”

“JoJo is basically a bad girl.”

“Daddy has put JoJo on a variable reinforcement schedule, which should cause huge problems the next time they visit the mall!”

66.

Pick the variable reinforcement schedule.

Sometimes I get A's when I study and sometimes I don't. So if I happen not to get an A on this test, I know I have to keep studying and eventually I will succeed.

If I don't get an A on this text, I will just give up.

If I get an A on this test, this means I'm a genius.

I love teachers who give mainly A's!

67.

Pick the example of operant conditioning.

when Tiffany cries the family rushes over and gives her attention, so she has learned to cry a lot

you give your husband a big kiss whenever he does yard work, so now he mows the grass every few days

after your car accident, you refuse to drive

All of these are examples.

68.

If a traditional behaviorist notices that a nursing home resident's memory has seriously declined, she would say:

“The resident is not being reinforced for remembering anything.”

“The resident has developed Alzheimer's disease.”

“The resident is being overmedicated.”

“The resident is lonely and depressed.”

69.

A traditional behaviorist is giving childrearing advice. She would say all of the following EXCEPT:

“Pay attention to good behaviors.”

“Be consistent. Never reward the child when she is acting inappropriately.”

“Don't pay attention to your child when she is acting up.”

“Above all give your child lots of love.”

70.

A couple comes to your office for therapy. As a traditional behaviorist you would focus on:

increasing the number of reinforcing comments the spouses make to each other.

understanding the inner motivations from childhood that are keeping this couple from relating to each other in a positive way.

increasing efficacy feelings.

providing medications.

71.

A friend asks what a behaviorist might advise about how to raise her son. Pick the tip she would NOT give.

Ignore bad behavior (or don't reinforce it) by paying attention to your child.

Pay attention when your child does something positive and reinforce him for good behavior.

If you want your child to learn to persist at an activity, reinforce him every time he performs that action.

To discipline your child, be consistent. Never give in because he whines!

72.

Link statements 1, 2, and 3 to the correct behavioral term.

1. “Sometimes when I study, I get A's and sometimes I don't. So I keep plugging along.”

2. “Even though I failed this test, I know I'm a terrific student. So I keep studying because I have faith in myself.”

3. “I watched my brother studying—that's how I learned to study hard.”

1 = high self-efficacy; 2 = modeling; 3 = variable reinforcement schedule

1 = variable reinforcement schedule; 2 = high self-efficacy; 3 = modeling

1 = reinforcement; 2 = variable schedule; 3 = modeling

1 = variable reinforcement schedule; 2 = modeling; 3 = high self-efficacy

73.

Dr. Academic is a cognitive behaviorist. Which statement(s) would he make?

“I believe we can predict behavior by looking at a person's feelings of competence.”

“I believe that we learn by watching and imitating people.”

“I believe that we learn only when personally rewarded for our actions.”

“I believe we can predict behavior by looking at a person's feelings of competence.” and “I believe that we learn by watching and imitating people.”

74.

Jorge is an 8-year-old boy. According to social learning theory/cognitive behaviorism, which person would he be MOST likely to model?

Marisa, a 4-year-old girl who lives down the street

Uncle Pedro, who is incredibly kind and involved with Jorge

Mr. Taylor, the principal at the high school in town

Spot, Jorge's dog

75.

Phyllis's son, who is worried about his 72-year-old mom, suggests that she attend activities at the local senior center. Phyllis resists this idea, saying that she is too old to meet new people. How might a cognitive behaviorist interpret Phyllis's reluctance?

Phyllis is seriously depressed, and ought to see a counselor.

Phyllis needs to come to terms emotionally with her husband's death.

Phyllis may have low efficacy feelings with regard to making new friends.

Phyllis is right. At her age, it's difficult to make new friends.

76.

Which person is showing high self-efficacy?

Annie, who is very smart, enrolls in a challenging Italian course.

Beth turns down a chance to audition for a starring role in a local play.

David tells you “I have a math phobia.”

Chaz wants to socialize with people he knows well, rather than joining new groups.

77.

Pick the correct examples of: (1) modeling and (2) self-efficacy, with regard to studying:

#Test Bank Experiencing the Lifespan 3rd Edition

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