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mentaldiary-ah · 1 year

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Women fighters, in fiction and in reality, have always fascinated me.

I grew up never getting tired of The Mummy Returns (2001) and its action-packed adventures. It features one of my most favorite cinematic moments: the fight scene between Nefertiri and Anck-su-namun, both tasked to be protectors in the kingdom of Egypt some 3,000 years ago. One may think they must be ahead of their time for training women for battle and assigning such tasks to them.

Fight scene from The Mummy Returns (2001)

There are many other scenes in the said film showing both women as their 1930s reincarnation, Evy (Nefertiri) and Meela (Anck-su-namun), fighting with and among men. Not once did Rick, Evy's husband, handed over guns to her to help them battle the enemies and save their son. Their kind of relationship was yet another reason why I have always loved that film.

Seeing The Mummy Returns again for the nth time, I figured these female characters have played a significant part in my upbringing. They showed me women can fight, too, when it was most needed. They didn't have to be the stereotypical damsels in distress waiting to be rescued because they can save themselves while saving others, as well. In retrospect, at such a young age I knew I wanted to be like them. I wasn't very much into the princess thingy, except for the Xena the Warrior Princess kind. In fact, I once dreamed of becoming like the Power Rangers with all their skills and stunts.

Through the years, I have been learning more about Filipinas who left their mark in our history. In an era of a patriarchal society where women were reinforced to be homemakers & deemed as the lesser sex, there were several of them who strayed against the conventions and took part in the never-ending fight for freedom.

Illustrations of Gabriela Silang (by Carlito Rovira) (top) and the first female general Agueda Kahabagan (from SCOUT Magazine) (bottom) during the Philippine Revolution

One of them was notorious for polishing her nails and putting on red lipstick before going to battle, because she believed she also fought for the freedom to be herself as a woman. Another one used to be a movie superstar until the war. She joined the guerrilla movement to avenge for her husband's murder, and in the process she saved an entire village from being killed by the colonizers.

The women of HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon), clockwise from left:

Remedios Gomez-Paraiso AKA Kumander Liwayway and her red lipstick (art from Rejected Princesses); Carmen Rosales, movie star-turned guerilla fighter (from Flickr); Felipa Culala AKA Kumander Dayang-Dayang (art by Dos Garcia); and Simeona Punsalan-Tapang AKA Kumander Guerrero (art by @RoriComics on Twitter)

But the courage of Filipina women in history has been witnessed not only at home and in the battlefield. There were women who stood up for their right to receive formal education and their right to vote.

Top photo: a painting of The Women of Malolos (art by Rafael del Casal); bottom photo: U.S. First Lady Florence Harding w/ Filipina suffragette delegation, 1922 (From US-Philippines Society)

There were women who saved people's lives by caring for the injured and the sick and feeding the hungry.

Clockwise from left: Melchora Aquino AKA Tandang Sora (from Wikipedia); Josefa Llanes-Escoda (from Bayaning Filipino on Blogger); Maria Orosa (from Orosa Family); and Dr. Fe del Mundo (from National Academy of Science and Technology)

There were women who continue to fight for justice and for their right to be heard, not just as victims but survivors of a violent, tragic past.

Top photo: the Malaya Lolas of Candaba, Pampanga; bottom photo: the lolas of Lila Pilipina. Both are groups of “comfort women,” survivors of military sexual violence during the Japanese Occupation. (From Facebook)

There were women who prove themselves worthy to be recognized by the world for their talents, abilities, and dedication in their respective fields.

Hidilyn Diaz, the first Filipino Olympic gold medalist; and Maria Ressa, the first Filipino Nobel Laureate (From Esquire Philippines)

There were women leaders who empowered their countrymen towards a better quality of life.

Campaign images of Senator Risa Hontiveros and former Senator Leila de Lima for the 2022 National Elections (From Facebook)

Atty. Leni Robredo, former Vice President of the Philippines (From Esquire Philippines)

And before I forget, I was raised and surrounded by strong women who all the while face their own share of battles in life.

We as women are fighters, and we should never let anyone tell us otherwise.

Meanwhile, I believe I have arrived at a full circle. I may haven't reached my dream of becoming a Power Ranger but who would have thought that as an adult, I would portray a woman fighter myself?

Happy Women's Month!

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arenakoraine · 1 year

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THE JAPANESE PERIOD: 2 REMARKABLE FILIPINO WRITERS

Macario Pineda

Short biography:

Macario Pineda was born in Malolos, Bulacan on April 10, 1912 and passed away at the age of thirty-eight on August 2, 1950. He had a difficult childhood as his mother, Felisa de Guzman, died when he was young and his father, Nicanor Pineda, remarried and had seven daughters with his stepmother Marcelina Alcaraz. Despite owning land, Pineda didn't choose to become a farmer, and after finishing high school, he worked as a telephone lineman and later as a municipal clerk. He was an excellent writer and basketball player during his high school years. At the age of twenty, he got married and settled in Barrio San Juan, Bigaa, Bulacan. He and his wife had seven children. Pineda's early life experiences, including the loss of his mother, influenced his views on women and mothers, which is evident in his writing.

Contribution:

Macario Pineda was a writer who wrote extensively in Tagalog from 1943 until his death in 1950. He was known for his numerous novels and short stories, including Halina sa Ating Bukas (1945), Ang Ginto sa Makiling (1947), Magat (1948), and Isang Milyong Piso (1950).

Reference:

A Brief Biography of Macario Pineda. (n.d.). Love in the Rice Fields - Dreame. https://m.dreame.com/chapter/1/1693925376/name

Photo source: https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/1930514.Macario_Pineda

Carlos P. Romulo

Short biography:

Carlos P. Romulo, in full Carlos Peña Romulo, (born January 14, 1899, Camiling, Philippines—died December 15, 1985, Manila), was a Philippine general, diplomat, and journalist who served as an aide-de-camp to U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur during World War II. He became known as the "Voice of Freedom" for his broadcasts after Japan attacked the Philippines. Romulo won the Pulitzer Prize for Peace in 1941 and later served as president of the General Assembly of the UN and as the Philippines' ambassador to the United States. He also served as president of the University of the Philippines, secretary of education, and secretary of foreign affairs. However, in his later years, Romulo's views became less democratic, and he supported Marcos's imposition of martial law. His autobiography, I Walked with Heroes, was published in 1961.

Contribution:

Carlos P. Romulo was a prolific writer who authored and published 18 books, covering a range of literary genres. Some of his notable works include a novel called "The United," an autobiography titled "I Walked with Heroes," and memoirs about the war such as "I Saw the Fall of the Philippines" and "Mother America." He also wrote about the Philippines' rise in his book "I See the Philippines Rise."

Reference:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2023, May 1). Pulitzer Prize | History, Winners, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pulitzer-Prize

Photo source: https://war.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paypay:Carlos_Romulo.jpg

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kalakian · 4 years

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Mahirap maging Pilipina, ngunit masarap sa pakiramdam na sa panahon ni Rizal, itinuring n’yang kapantay ng kalalakihan ang kababaihan. Malinaw ito sa kanyang sulat para sa kababaihan ng Malolos.

To the Young Women of Malolos

by José Rizal

When I wrote Noli Me Tangere, I asked myself whether bravery was a common thing in the young women of our people. I brought back to my recollection and reviewed those I had known since my infancy, but there were only few who seem to come up to my ideal. There was, it is true, an abundance of girls with agreeable manners, beautiful ways, and modest demeanor, but there was in all an admixture of servitude and deference to the words or whims of their so-called "spiritual fathers" (as if the spirit or soul had any father other than God), due to excessive kindness, modesty, or perhaps ignorance. They seemed faced plants sown and reared in darkness, having flowers without perfume and fruits without sap.

However, when the news of what happened at Malolos reached us, I saw my error, and great was my rejoicing. After all, who is to blame me? I did not know Malolos nor its young women, except one called Emila [Emilia Tiongson, whom Rizal met in 1887], and her I knew by name only.

Now that you have responded to our first appeal in the interest of the welfare of the people; now that you have set an example to those who, like you, long to have their eyes opened and be delivered from servitude, new hopes are awakened in us and we now even dare to face adversity, because we have you for our allies and are confident of victory. No longer does the Filipina stand with her head bowed nor does she spend her time on her knees, because she is quickened by hope in the future; no longer will the mother contribute to keeping her daughter in darkness and bring her up in contempt and moral annihilation. And no longer will the science of all sciences consist in blind submission to any unjust order, or in extreme complacency, nor will a courteous smile be deemed the only weapon against insult or humble tears the ineffable panacea for all tribulations. You know that the will of God is different from that of the priest; that religiousness does not consist of long periods spent on your knees, nor in endless prayers, big rosarios, and grimy scapularies [religious garment showing devotion], but in a spotless conduct, firm intention and upright judgment. You also know that prudence does not consist in blindly obeying any whim of the little tin god, but in obeying only that which is reasonable and just, because blind obedience is itself the cause and origin of those whims, and those guilty of it are really to be blamed. The official or friar can no longer assert that they alone are responsible for their unjust orders, because God gave each individual reason and a will of his or her own to distinguish the just from the unjust; all were born without shackles and free, and nobody has a right to subjugate the will and the spirit of another your thoughts. And, why should you submit to another your thoughts, seeing that thought is noble and free?

It is cowardice and erroneous to believe that saintliness consists in blind obedience and that prudence and the habit of thinking are presumptuous. Ignorance has ever been ignorance, and never prudence and honor. God, the primal source of all wisdom, does not demand that man, created in his image and likeness, allow himself to be deceived and hoodwinked, but wants us to use and let shine the light of reason with which He has so mercifully endowed us. He may be compared to the father who gave each of his sons a torch to light their way in the darkness bidding them keep its light bright and take care of it, and not put it out and trust to the light of the others, but to help and advise each other to fiind the right path. They would be madman were they to follow the light of another, only to come to a fall, and the father could unbraid them and say to them: "Did I not give each of you his own torch," but he cold not say so if the fall were due to the light of the torch of him who fell, as the light might have been dim and the road very bad.

The deceiver is fond of using the saying that "It is presumptuous to rely on one's own judgment," but, in my opinion, it is more presumptuous for a person to put his judgment above that of the others and try to make it prevail over theirs. It is more presumptuous for a man to constitute himself into an idol and pretend to be in communication of thought with God; and it is more than presumptuous and even blasphemous for a person to attribute every movement of his lips to God, to represent every whim of his as the will of God, and to brand his own enemy as an enemy of God. Of course, we should not consult our own judgment alone, but hear the opinion of others before doing what may seem most reasonable to us. The wild man from the hills, if clad in a priest's robe, remains a hillman and can only deceive the weak and ignorant. And, to make my argument more conclusive, just buy a priest's robe as the Franciscans wear it and put it on a carabao [domestic water buffalo], and you will be lucky if the carabao does not become lazy on account of the robe. But I will leave this subject to speak of something else.

Youth is a flower-bed that is to bear rich fruit and must accumulate wealth for its descendants. What offspring will be that of a woman whose kindness of character is expressed by mumbled prayers; who knows nothing by heart but awits [hymns], novenas, and the alleged miracles; whose amusement consists in playing panguingue [a card game] or in the frequent confession of the same sins? What sons will she have but acolytes, priest's servants, or cock fighters? It is the mothers who are responsible for the present servitude of our compatriots, owing to the unlimited trustfulness of their loving hearts, to their ardent desire to elevate their sons Maturity is the fruit of infancy and the infant is formed on the lap of its mother. The mother who can only teach her child how to kneel and kiss hands must not expect sons with blood other than that of vile slaves. A tree that grows in the mud is unsubstantial and good only for firewood. If her son should have a bold mind, his boldness will be deceitful and will be like the bat that cannot show itself until the ringing of vespers. They say that prudence is sanctity. But, what sanctity have they shown us? To pray and kneel a lot, kiss the hand of the priests, throw money away on churches, and believe all the friar sees fit to tell us; gossip, callous rubbing of noses. . . .

As to the mites and gifts of God, is there anything in the world that does not belong to God? What would you say of a servant making his master a present of a cloth borrowed from that very master? Who is so vain, so insane that he will give alms to God and believe that the miserable thing he has given will serve to clothe the Creator of all things? Blessed be they who succor their fellow men, aid the poor and feed the hungry; but cursed be they who turn a dead ear to supplications of the poor, who only give to him who has plenty and spend their money lavishly on silver altar hangings for the thanksgiving, or in serenades and fireworks. The money ground out of the poor is bequeathed to the master so that he can provide for chains to subjugate, and hire thugs and executioners. Oh, what blindness, what lack of understanding.

Saintliness consists in the first place in obeying the dictates of reason, happen what may. "It is acts and not words that I want of you," said Christ. "Not everyone that sayeth unto me, Lord, Lord shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in Heaven." Saintliness does not consist in abjectness, nor is the successor of Christ to be recognized by the fact that he gives his hand to be kissed. Christ did not give the kiss of peace to the Pharisees and never gave his hand to be kissed. He did not cater to the rich and vain; He did not mention scapularies, nor did He make rosaries, or solicit offerings for the sacrifice of the Mass or exact payments for His prayers. Saint John did not demand a fee on the River Jordan, nor did Christ teach for gain. Why, then, do the friars now refuse to stir a foot unless paid in advance? And, as if they were starving, they sell scapularies, rosaries, bits, and other things which are nothing but schemes for making money and a detriment to the soul; because even if all the rags on earth were converted into scapularies and all the trees in the forest into rosaries, and if the skins of all the beasts were made into belts, and if all the priests of the earth mumbled prayers over all this and sprinkled oceans of holy water over it, this would not purify a rogue or condone sin where there is no repentance. Thus, also, through cupidity and love of money, they will, for a price, revoke the numerous prohibitions such as those against eating meat, marrying close relatives, etc. You can do almost anything if you but grease their palms. Why that? Can God be bribed and bought off, and blinded by money, nothing more nor less than a friar? The brigand who has obtained a bull of compromise can live calmly on the proceeds of his robbery, because he will be forgiven. God, then, will sit at a table where theft provides the viands? Has the Omnipotent become a pauper that He must assume the role of the excise man or gendarme? If that is the God whom the friar adores, then I turn my back upon that God.

Let us be reasonable and open our eyes, especially you women, because you are the first to influence the consciousness of man. Remember that a good mother does not resemble the mother that the friar has created; she must bring up her child to be the image of the true God, not of a blackmailing, a grasping God, but of a God who is the father of us all, who is just; who does not suck the life-blood of the poor like a vampire, nor scoffs at the agony of the sorely beset, nor makes a crooked path of the path of justice. Awaken and prepare the will of our children towards all that is honorable, judged by proper standards, to all that is sincere and firm of purpose, clear judgment, clear procedure, honesty in act and deed, love for the fellowman and respect for God; this is what you must teach your children. And, seeing that life is full of thorns and thistles, you must fortify their minds against any stroke of adversity and accustom them to danger. The people cannot expect honor nor prosperity so long as they will educate their children in a wrong way, so long as the woman who guides the child in his steps is slavish and ignorant. No good water comes from a turbid, bitter spring; no savory fruit comes from acrid seed.

The duties that woman has to perform in order to deliver the people from suffering are of no little importance, but be they as they may, they will not be beyond the strength and stamina of the Filipino people. The power and good judgment of the women of the Philippines are well known, and it is because of this that she has been hoodwinked, and tied, and rendered pusillanimous, and now her enslavers rest at ease, because so long as they can keep the Filipina mother a slave, so long will they be able to make slaves of her children. The cause of the backwardness of Asia lies in the fact that there the women are ignorant, are slaves; while Europe and America are powerful because there the women are free and well-educated and endowed with lucid intellect and a strong will.

We know that you lack instructive books; we know that nothing is added to your intellect, day by day, save that which is intended to dim its natural brightness; all this we know, hence our desire to bring you the light that illuminates your equals here in Europe. If that which I tell you does not provoke your anger, and if you will pay a little attention to it then, however dense the mist may be that befogs our people, I will make the utmost efforts to have it dissipated by the bright rays of the sun, which will give light, thought they be dimmed. We shall not feel any fatigue if you help us: God, too, will help to scatter the mist, because He is the God of truth: He will restore to its pristine condition the fame of the Filipina in whom we now miss only a criterion of her own, because good qualities she has enough and to spare. This is our dream; this is the desire we cherish in our hearts; to restore the honor of woman, who is half of our heart, our companion in the joys and tribulations of life. If she is a maiden, the young man should love her not only because of her beauty and her amiable character, but also on account of her fortitude of mind and loftiness of purpose, which quicken and elevate the feeble and timid and ward off all vain thoughts. Let the maiden be the pride of her country and command respect, because it is a common practice on the part of Spaniards and friars here who have returned from the Islands to speak of the Filipina as complaisant and ignorant, as if all should be thrown into the same class because of the missteps of a few, and as if women of weak character did not exist in other lands. As to purity what could the Filipina not hold up to others!

Nevertheless, the returning Spaniards and friars, talkative and fond of gossip, can hardly find time enough to brag and bawl, amidst guffaws and insulting remarks, that a certain woman was thus; that she behaved thus at the convent and conducted herself thus with the Spaniards who on the occasion was her guest, and other things that set your teeth on edge when you think of them which, in the majority of cases, were faults due to candor, excessive kindness, meekness, or perhaps ignorance and were all the work of the defamer himself. There is a Spaniard now in high office, who has set at our table and enjoyed our hospitality in his wanderings through the Philippines and who, upon his return to Spain, rushed forthwith into print and related that on one occasion in Pampanga he demanded hospitality and ate, and slept at a house and the lady of the house conducted herself in such and such a manner with him; this is how he repaid the lady for her supreme hospitality! Similar insinuations are made by the friars to the chance visitor from Spain concerning their very obedient confesandas, hand-kissers, etc., accompanied by smiles and very significant winkings of the eye. In a book published by D. Sinibaldo de Mas and in other friar sketches sins are related of which women accused themselves in the confessional and of which the friars made no secret in talking to their Spanish visitors seasoning them, at the best, with idiotic and shameless tales not worthy of credence. I cannot repeat here the shameless stories that a friar told Mas and to which Mas attributed no value whatever. Every time we hear or read anything of this kind, we ask each other: Are the Spanish women all cut after the pattern of the Holy Virgin Mary and the Filipinas all reprobates? I believe that if we are to balance accounts in this delicate question, perhaps, . . . But I must drop the subject because I am neither a confessor nor a Spanish traveler and have no business to take away anybody's good name. I shall let this go and speak of the duties of women instead.

A people that respect women, like the Filipino people, must know the truth of the situation in order to be able to do what is expected of it. It seems an established fact that when a young student falls in love, he throws everything to the dogs -- knowledge, honor, and money, as if a girl could not do anything but sow misfortune. The bravest youth becomes a coward when he married, and the born coward becomes shameless, as if he had been waiting to get married in order to show his cowardice. The son, in order to hide his pusillanimity, remembers his mother, swallows his wrath, suffers his ears to be boxed, obeys the most foolish order, and and becomes an accomplice to his own dishonor. It should be remembered that where nobody flees there is no pursuer; when there is no little fish, there can not be a big one. Why does the girl not require of her lover a noble and honored name, a manly heart offering protection to her weakness, and a high spirit incapable of being satisfied with engendering slaves? Let her discard all fear, let her behave nobly and not deliver her youth to the weak and faint-hearted. When she is married, she must aid her husband, inspire him with courage, share his perils, refrain from causing him worry and sweeten his moments of affection, always remembering that there is no grief that a brave heart can not bear and there is no bitterer inheritance than that of infamy and slavery. Open your children's eyes so that they may jealously guard their honor, love their fellowmen and their native land, and do their duty. Always impress upon them they must prefer dying with honor to living in dishonor. The women of Sparta should serve you as an example should serve you as an example in this; I shall give some of their characteristics.

When a mother handed the shield to her son as he was marching to battle, she said nothing to him but this: "Return with it, or on it," which mean, come back victorious or dead, because it was customary with the routed warrior to throw away his shield, while the dead warrior was carried home on his shield. A mother received word that her son had been killed in battle and the army routed. She did not say a word, but expressed her thankfulness that her son had been saved from disgrace. However, when her son returned alive, the mother put on mourning. One of the mothers who went out to meet the warriors returning from battle was told by one that her three sons had fallen. I do not ask you that, said the mother, but whether we have been victorious or not. We have been victorious -- answered the warrior. If that is so, then let us thank God, and she went to the temple.

Once upon a time a king of theirs, who had been defeated, hid in the temple, because he feared their popular wrath. The Spartans resolved to shut him up there and starve him to death. When they were blocking the door, the mother was the first to bring stones. These things were in accordance with the custom there, and all Greece admired the Spartan woman. Of all women -- a woman said jestingly -- only your Spartans have power over the men. Quite natural -- they replied -- of all women only we give birth to men. Man, the Spartan women said, was not born to life for himself alone but for his native land. So long as this way of thinking prevailed and they had that kind of women in Sparta, no enemy was able to put his foot upon her soil, nor was there a woman in Sparta who ever saw a hostile army.

I do not expect to be believed simply because it is I who am saying this; there are many people who do not listen to reason, but will listen only to those who wear the cassock or have gray hair or no teeth; but while it is true that the aged should be venerated, because of their travails and experience, yet the life I have lived, consecrated to the happiness of the people, adds some years, though not many of my age. I do not pretend to be looked upon as an idol or fetish and to be believed and listened to with the eyes closed, the head bowed, and the arms crossed over the breast; what I ask of all is to reflect on what I tell him, think it over and shift it carefully through the sieve of reasons.

First of all. That the tyranny of some is possible only through cowardice and negligence on the part of others.

Second. What makes one contemptible is lack of dignity and abject fear of him who holds one in contempt.

Third. Ignorance is servitude, because as a man thinks, so he is; a man who does not think for himself and allowed himself to be guided by the thought of another is like the beast led by a halter.

Fourth. He who loves his independence must first aid his fellowman, because he who refuses protection to others will find himself without it; the isolated rib in the buri is easily broken, but not so the broom made of the ribs of the palm bound together.

Fifth. If the Filipina will not change her mode of being, let her rear no more children, let her merely give birth to them. She must cease to be the mistress of the home, otherwise she will unconsciously betray husband, child, native land, and all.

Sixth. All men are born equal, naked, without bonds. God did not create man to be a slave; nor did he endow him with intelligence to have him hoodwinked, or adorn him with reason to have him deceived by others. It is not fatuous to refuse to worship one's equal, to cultivate one's intellect, and to make use of reason in all things. Fatuous is he who makes a god of him, who makes brutes of others, and who strives to submit to his whims all that is reasonable and just.

Seventh. Consider well what kind of religion they are teaching you. See whether it is the will of God or according to the teachings of Christ that the poor be succored and those who suffer alleviated. Consider what they preaching to you, the object of the sermon, what is behind the masses, novenas, rosaries, scapularies, images, miracles, candles, belts, etc. etc; which they daily keep before your minds; ears and eyes; jostling, shouting, and coaxing; investigate whence they came and whiter they go and then compare that religion with the pure religion of Christ and see whether the pretended observance of the life of Christ does not remind you of the fat milch cow or the fattened pig, which is encouraged to grow fat nor through love of the animal, but for grossly mercenary motives.

Let us, therefore, reflect; let us consider our situation and see how we stand. May these poorly written lines aid you in your good purpose and help you to pursue the plan you have initiated. "May your profit be greater than the capital invested;" and I shall gladly accept the usual reward of all who dare tell your people the truth. May your desire to educate yourself be crowned with success; may you in the garden of learning gather not bitter, but choice fruit, looking well before you eat because on the surface of the globe all is deceit, and the enemy sows weeds in your seedling plot.

All this is the ardent desire of your compatriot.

JOSÉ RIZAL

***

Ang mga larawan ay kuha sa pelikulang Dahling Nick.

Ang buong kopya ng To the Young Women of Malolos ay nakuha sa https://kwentongebabuhayrizal.blogspot.com/

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pastorbluejeansunplugged · 4 years

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February 22, 1889, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote to a group of young women of Malolos

On February 22, 1889, Dr. Jose Rizal wrote a letter to a group of young women of Malolos supporting their plan of putting up a night school. Image: Pinterest Jose Rizal’s Letter to the Twenty-One Women of Malolos. The letter was the result of something unheard of that happened at Malolos. On December 12, 1888 twenty-one women belonging to wealthy families of Malolos, Bulacan asked…

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#1889 #February 22 #History #Jose Rizal #Jose Rizal’s Letter to the Young Women of Malolos #Philippine History #Philippines #Society #Society and Culture #Today in Philippine History #Young Women of Malolos

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margarettejay2004 · 3 years

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THE BIOGRAPHY OF GENERAL GREGORIO H. DEL PILAR

This is the biography of General Gregorio H. Del Pilar aka Going. He was born in 1875 in Bulacan, Philippines. Her Mother’s name is Felipa Sempio and His Father’s name is Fernando H. Del Pilar. Going parents were just simple people who lives in Bulacan. Going was a nephew of Marcelo H. Del Pilar who was a propagandist. A sharpshooter and an intrepid officer, Goyo’s to begin with major battle were within the Fight of Kakarong in Bulacan. From that point, he was advanced time and once more until he was made full common at the age of 23. He was called “Boy General” because at the age of 23 he became general. And he was also the youngest general. As one of the youngest generals in the Revolutionary Army, he was known for the successful assault on the Spanish barracks in the municipality of Paombong, his victory on the first phase Battle of Quingua, and his last stand at the Battle of Tirad Pass during the Philippine–American War. He was also known as a lady’s man and was described by National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin as the "Byron of Bulacan". General Del Pilar has badass childhood, for General Del Pilar because he was famous for women. Many women love her because of the glamorous face that almost every woman is obsessed with. As a child, he completed his essential instruction beneath Maestros Monico Estrella and Romualdo Sempio sometime recently being sent to think about in Manila. He was selected at the Ateneo Metropolitan de Manila at the age of 15, where he was evaluated great in Latin, Greek, Spanish, and French, average in logic, and amazing in math and polynomial math. Amid his ponders within the Ateneo, he remained within the house of his fatherly close relative, Hilaria H. del Pilar, and her spouse, the advocate Deodato Arellano. He made a difference in his uncle conveying progressive handouts and other materials. There was one occurrence in Malolos, where del Pilar stole duplicates of the book Cuesteones de sumo intrigued from the area cleric, Father Felipe García, who had a propensity of conveying counter-revolutionary materials after mass. These books were set to be disseminated after the mass. Del Pilar evacuated the book covers and glued the flyer's interior sometime recently disseminating them after. Del Pilar wrapped up his single man of expressions in Walk 1896. And In June 5, 1899 in Cabanatuan City Nueva Ecija. Del Pilar At the age of 31, he was shot dead. in an attack led by a disgruntled Filipino Sergeant. If until now General Del Pilar was still alive, I think he will be famous for most young best general in the Philippines. Back in their life, I think General was so happy because if he did not die I think he is married now to the love of his life Remedios Nable Jose. General Del Pilar will remember when I see young soldiers who fight for our country I will say that he was like General del Pilar at his age.

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liworiz-3fm2 · 4 years

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The power of Women in the society: Rizal’s Letter to young women of Malolos

By: Shaira Jera

During Rizal’s time, Patriarchy was one of the values that Spaniards had brought and injected into the country’s culture. It is expected that women should be confined to being a mother and a wife while men are the providers in a household. Women at that time are oppressed from education and are taught to be compliant to their parents and submissive to males (just like how Maria Clara is!). Women are least heard in terms of political undertakings and least prioritized with education because these aspects are under man’s control. This whole patriarchy focuses on how men dominated not only the rights of the women at that time but also their worth beyond gender.

On December 12, 1888, twenty-young women from Malolos, Bulacan formed a group and started a peaceful movement for educational reforms in the country. They wanted to break the patriarchal norms and behavior of men towards women thus it became a significant event that changed the political and social view of women in the society. The movement made by the women of Malolos is one of the few feminist movements that is remarkable that which up to this day we benefited. The journey of these Malolos women was never easy that’s why Jose Rizal shed a light for these groups of women. He wrote in his letter how he commends the bravery of these women against the abuse of friars and authority set by the church and society. Rizal also emphasized in his letter how women are powerful and how his mother’s love served as his inspiration in his silent movement towards betterment of his countrymen against oppression of the society.

With these women from Malolos, we’ve seen how powerful women are not only in society but for every individual. The mothers should be honored for not only do they give life but also they imparted in us the values we uphold. The mothers of the past, today and the future have given the children the “hope” that Rizal is pertaining for they have allowed and continue to give us the privilege of education. May we be able to seek wisdom from the Women of Malolos on how brave they are in conquering not only the friars but also the inclusion of women’s importance in the society.

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studyglassesblog · 3 years

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Philippine Institution (PI 100): GABAY SA PAG-AARAL 5

DISKURSONG KASARIAN SA LOOB AT LABAS NG MGA AKDA NI RIZAL

PANIMULA Bago talakayin ang pananaw ni Rizal sa kasarian gamit ang kanyang mga akda, partikular na ang kanyang sulat sa kababaihan ng Malolos at ang kanyang paglikha sa katauhan ni Maria Clara, magsisimula tayo sa kaligiran ng Pilipina bago ang kolonyalismong Espanyol. Sa madalas na paghahambing ng Pilipina sa prekolonyal na Pilipinas at sa modelo ng Pilipina sa panahon ng Hispanisasyon, lumilitaw ang pagbabago ng papel ng babae sa bansa sa mga nagdaang siglo ng kolonyalismo. Egalitarian ang pagturing sa parehong kasarian (babae at lalaki) sa sinaunang panahon, bagaman hindi ito nangangahulugang walang kasarian sa prekolonyal na Pilipinas. Sa halip, parehong gumampan ang parehong kasarian sa magkaiba ngunit parehong mahalagang tungkulin sa lipunan. Ang lalaking datu ay may kapangyarihan pantay ng sa babaeng babaylan (bagaman nabanggit ni Fray Alcina ang ‘asog’ na isang lalaking nagbibihis-babae upang gampanan ang mga gawain ng babaylan). Ang kababaihan sa panahon na ito, ayon kay Albina Fernandez, ay kababaihang nakaranas ng ”sexual freedom, who could become heads of the barangay, who could become priestesses, the babaylans: who could divorce their husbands, who could own property of their own, and who had more or less the same rights as men.” Mataas ang pagpapahalaga at respeto sa mga babaylang may kapangyarihang tumatawid sa espiritwal, isang mahalagang larangan ng animistikong pamumuhay ng prekolonyal na Pilipino. Nang bitbitin ng mga Espanyol ang Kristiyanismo sa arkipelago, unti-unting nawala ang kapangyarihang ito at, kasabay ito, ang transformatibong papel ng kababaihan sa lipunan. MGA LAYUNIN SA PAGKATUTO Matapos ang modyul na ito, ikaw ay inaasahang makasusuri sa diskurso ng kasarian at katayuan ng mga kababaihan sa mga akda ni at ukol kay Rizal HALINA’T SIMULAN *Ang bahaging ito ay maaari mong matapos sa loob ng humigit-kumulang 15 minuto Panoorin ang video na “Pre-Colonial Women: Sexually Aggressive?” mula sa presenter na si Lourd de Veyra, kung saan tinatalakay ang kasaysayan ng katayuan ng mga kababaihan sa Pilipinas gamit ang ilang historical accounts, mga elemento ng kulturang popular, ang kahalagahan ng mga babaylan sa prekolonyal na lipunan, ang mga sinaunang institusyon ng mga katutubo, at ang impluwensya ni Maria Clara at ng Urbana at Feliza ni Modesto de Castro. Balikan natin ang video na ito sa susunod na gawain. SALUKIN Ang bahaging ito ay maaari mong matapos sa loob ng humigit-kumulang 120 minuto. Tatlong maiikling readings ang sasaklawin sa modyul na ito: (1) “Maria Clara: Paragon or Caricature” ni Salvador Lopez, (2) “Maria Clara” ni Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil, at (3) “Message to the Young Women of Malolos” ni Jose Rizal. Saklaw ng unang bahagi ng modyul ang naunang dalawang teksto na nabanggit: ito ay mga modernong perspektibo sa tauhan ni Maria Clara. Ang ikalawang bahagi ng modyul naman ay tungkol naman sa mensahe ni Rizal sa mga kababaihan ng Malolos. Gawain 1 | Muling Pagsuri Kay Maria Clara Malimit binabanggit ang pangalan ni Maria Clara sa diskurso ng kababaihang Pilipino. Ang kalaguyo ni Crisostomo Ibarra ay iniaangat bilang representasyon ng ideyal na dalagang Pilipina. Alam natin mula sa nakaraang talakayan na ang persona ni Maria Clara ay isang paglilihis mula sa sinaunang pagkakakilala sa Pilipina. Sa bahaging ito, pag-aralan natin ang ilang pananaw at pagbasa kay Maria Clara bilang karakter at likha ni Rizal.

Basahin ang sumusunod na sanaysay sa loob ng humigit-kumulang 40 minuto. Matatagpuan ito sa bahaging Resources ng iyong printed module.Maria Clara: Paragon or Caricature (Salvador Lopez) Maria Clara (Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil)

Sa loob ng humigit-kumulang 40 minuto, sagutin ang mga sumusunod na tanong sa pamamagitan ng maikling sanaysay bawat isa. Isumite ang mga sagot sa nakalaang page sa course site (UPB VLE).Paano nga ba dapat basahin ang karakter ni Maria Clara? Ano ang dapat ng kontemporaryong tugon sa kanyang persona? Paano naapektuhan ng pagsusuring ito kay Maria Clara ang pagsusuri sa iba pang mga babaeng tauhan ng Noli at Fili?

Gawain 2 | Rizal on Women and Children in the Struggle for Nationhood (Fernandez)

Bago simulang basahin ang susunod na teksto, maglaan ng 15 minuto upang maglista ng limang mga babaeng tauhan sa Noli Me Tangere o El Filibusterismo at ilarawan ang bawat isa. Isantabi ang listahan at balikan ito sa susunod na gawain.

Basahin ang “Rizal on Women and Children in the Struggle for Nationhood” ni A.P. Fernandez. Tinatalakay sa sanaysay na ito ang katayuan ng mga kababaihan at kabataan sa panahon ni Rizal at ang mga pananaw ni Rizal sa kanilang emansipasyon. Sinusuri ni Fernandez ang peminismo ni Rizal ayon sa mga pahayag niyang ang kababaihan ang katatagan o kasiraan ng isang bayan, at para sa tuluyang pag-unlad ng kababaihan, kinakailangan niya ng kalayaan mula sa simbahan at estado para makilala ang sarili. Hinihikayat ni Rizal ang edukasyon ng mga kababaihan na siyang aangat sa kanilang kamalayan -- “listening more to themselves rather than the friars.” PALAWAKIN Ang bahaging ito ay maaari mong matapos sa loob ng humigit-kumulang 120 minuto. Gawain 3 | Pagsulat ng Panunuring Papel (Ang Filipina Ayon Kay Rizal) 1. Basahin ang 40-minutong sanaysay na “Message to the Young Women of Malolos” (Jose Rizal). Ang sanaysay na ito ay liham ni Rizal sa isang grupo ng kababaihang taga-Malolos nang mabalitaan niya na nagpasimula ng petisyon ang mga ito noong 1889 para mapayagan silang mag-aral ng Espanyol sa isang paaralan. Hanggang ngayon kinakatawan ng mensaheng ito ang mga pananaw ni Rizal ukol sa papel ng kababaihang Pilipino sa lipunan.

Pagkatapos mabasa, sumulat ng maikling panunuring papel na sumasagot sa mga sumusunod na katanungan:Para kay Rizal, ano-ano ang mga tungkulin ng kababaihang Pilipino sa lipunan? Kinakailangan ba ng mga kababaihang Pilipino sa pangkasalukuyang panahon ang mensaheng ito ni Rizal? Bakit o bakit hindi? Nakasaad sa mensahe: “When I wrote the Noli me tangere I pondered on whether or not courage was a common virtue of the young women of our country.” Bakit ganito ang unang pananaw ni Rizal sa mga kababaihan ng kanyang bansa? Ano ang ipinapahiwatig nito sa proseso ng paglikha niya ng Noli?; at Balikan ang iyong ginawang listahan ng mga tauhang babae sa Noli at Fili, at ikumpara sila sa kababaihang inilarawan ni Rizal sa kanyang mensahe sa mga dalaga ng Malolos. Magbanggit ng tatlong tauhan.

Ang mga katanungang ito ay mga patnubay sa iyong pagsulat ng maikling papel. May kalayaan kang magdagdag ng nais idagdag sa talakayang ito, lalo na kung ito ay hindi kabilang sa mga katanungan. Mahalaga pa ring sundin ang mga inaasahang mekaniks ng isang komprehensibo at organisadong papel. Gagraduhan ang iyong papel sa pamamagitan ng rubrics na matatagpuan sa susunod na pahina.

Maliban sa mga diskursong ito, ano-ano pa ang epekto sa lipunan ng mga akda ng “pambansang” bayani? Alamin sa mga susunod na modyul ang malaking ambag ng mga liham, sanaysay, at nobela ni Jose Rizal sa lipunan at panitikang Filipino. PANGWAKAS Hindi lamang mga pananaw ni Rizal tungkol sa kababaihan ang binigyang-pansin sa modyul na ito kundi rin ang ilang representasyon ng kababaihan sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Nakasalamin pa rin ang mga pananaw at palagay ni Rizal ukol sa mga kababayan niyang kababaihan sa kanyang mga akda’t sulatin. Habang sumasang-ayon ang karamihan sa modernong pagbasa kay Maria Clara, marami pa rin tayong matututunan sa imahinasyon ni Rizal ukol sa papel ng Filipina sa pagbuo ng isang bayan.

MGA SANGGUNIAN Fernandez, Albina P. 1991. “Rizal on Women and Children in the Struggle for Nationhood.” Review of Women's Studies 1(2). Guerrero-Nakpil, Carmen. 1999. Woman Enough and Other Essays. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. Lopez, Salvador P. 1968. “Maria Clara – Paragon or Caricature?” In Rizal: Contrary Essays. Edited by Petronilo BN. Daroy and Dolores Feria. Quezon City: Guro Books. News5 Everywhere. 2017. “Pre-Colonial Women: Sexual Aggressive?.” Mar 22, 2017. Video, 14:29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZH7adiOMtI. Rizal, Jose. 1953. "To My Young Countrywomen of Malolos." In Rizal's Unknown Stories. Edited and translated by Juan Collas, 59-76. Manila: n.p

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takeoffphilippines · 7 years

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Goyo 2018: Mga Karakter Sa Buhay ng Batang Heneral

After the success of the first Filipino History Revolution Movie, “Heneral Luna” that was directed by Jerrold Tarog and give a big break to John Arcilla who played the Iconic Philippine General, Antonio Luna.

The story continues as this trilogy movie now revolves around the life of the boy general from Bulacan, Gregorio Hilario Del Pilar y Sempio. He was born on November 14, 1875, his family was a prominent Illustrado (Middle Class) back then. In his early years, he aided his uncle, Marcelo H. del Pilar, in distributing his anti-friar writings. He was a member of the revolutionary forces in Bulacan even when he was studying at the Ateneo de Municipal. When the revolution broke out on Aug 30, 1896, he joined the forces of Heneral Dimabunggo (Eusebio Roque).

He is most known for his successful assault on the Spanish barracks of Cazadores in the municipality of Paombong, his victory in the first phase Battle of Quingua.

He is known as the Hero of the Battle of Tirad Pass in Ilocos Sur which played by Paulo Avelino in the Movie, GOYO: Ang Batang Heneral. The movie is set to lit your inner soul and teach you a lesson from history that even the 4 corners of the classroom have not yet been discussed but before we watch this movie lets get to know the characters that will make and break our young hero, GOYO.

1.) Major Peyton March

(Left) Jason Dewey portrays the role of Maj. Peyton March in GOYO 2018 Movie. Courtesy of GOYO: Ang Batang Heneral FB Page. (Right) Peyton March, Chief of Staff of the US Army in the 20th Century.

December 2, 1899

In the pursuant to delay the US Troops to get after President Aguinaldo’s Escape, Gregorio Del Pilar and 60 of his men formed a blocking force at Tirad Pass, Concepcion, Ilocos Sur Province. They constructed several sets of trenches and stone barricades, all of which dominated the narrow trail that zigzagged up towards the pass.

While Major Peyton Conway March led 300 soldiers of the 33rd Infantry Regiment of U.S. Volunteers, up the pass. Januario Galut, a Tingguian Igorot, led the American troops up a trail which they could emerge with the Filipino Troops. Del Pilar died in the battle, along with 52 subordinates. The Americans lost 2 men killed.

On Del Pilar’s diary, which Major March found, Del Pilar had written: "The General [ Aguinaldo ] has given me the pick of all the men that can be spared and ordered me to defend the Pass. I realize what a terrible task has been given me. And yet, I felt that this is the most glorious moment of my life. What I do is done for my beloved country. No sacrifice can be too great."

2.) Remedios Nable Jose

(Left) Gwen Zamora as Remedios Nable Jose in GOYO 2018 Movie. Courtesy of GOYO: Ang Batang Heneral FB Page. (Right) Remedios Nable Jose in the early 1890s, the last love of the boy general. Courtesy of GMA Network Lifestyle Section.

Dolores or Remedios Nable Jose was known as Goyo’s Last Love - As her name was found on a lady’s handkerchief embroidered when Americans looted the corpse of the Fallen General. Together with a diamond rings, gold watch, gold locket containing a woman’s hair.

3.) Felicidad Aguinaldo

(Left) Empress Schuck as Felicidad Aguinaldo in GOYO 2018 Movie. Courtesy of GOYO: Ang Batang Heneral FB Page. (Right) Felicidad Aguinaldo, the younger sister of Emilio Aguinaldo.

There were numerous young women in history that was captivated by the Boy Genera, Goyo. One of which is Felicidad Aguinaldo. She reportedly knelt, prayed and wept at the exact spot where the young general died in Tirad Pass.

4.) General Arthur MacArthur

(Left) Miguel Faustmann as General Arthur MacArthur in GOYO 2018 Movie. Courtesy of GOYO: Ang Batang Heneral FB Page. (Right) General Arthur MacArthur, the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future President William Howard Taft.

He led the 2nd Division of Eighth Corps during the Philippine–American War at the Battle of Manila (1899), the Malolos campaign and the Northern Offensive.

The first important fighting of MacArthur's northward movement was at Quingua (now Plaridel), Bulacan Province, on April 23. It was a two-part battle.The first phase was a brief victory for the young Filipino general Gregorio del Pilar over the American Cavalry led by Major (later Maj. Gen.) James Franklin Bell, West Point class 1878, where Bell's advance was stopped.

5.) General Jose Alejandrino

(Left) Alvin Anson as General Jose Alejandrino in GOYO 2018 Movie. Courtesy of GOYO: Ang Batang Heneral FB Page. (Right) General Jose Alejandrino, Courtesy of the Center for Kapangpangan Studies.

On June 4, 1899, Aguinaldo was in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, heading to Angeles, when he employed del Pilar as the hatchetman, torturer. Aguinaldo was determined to liquidate Luna and his officers. Del Pilar was given the instruction of capturing Luna, dead or alive for Luna had been “accused of high treason.” When he got to Luna’s headquarters in Bayambang, only General Alejandrino, who scorned Del Pilar while receiving Del Pilar lying down in his bed, was there. He found out that Luna went to Cabanatuan, where Luna received his gruesome fate, which we witnessed being depicted by Heneral Luna in the cinemas, on June 5, 1899. He then turned his attention to the liquidation of the officers of Luna, most notably Capt. Jose Bernal, Maj. Manuel Bernal, Gen. Venancio Concepcion and Gen. Jose Alejandrino. Jose Bernal was assassinated in Angeles by troops of Col. Aquino. Manuel Bernal was tortured then summary-executed by Del Pilar’s henchmen. General Concepcion was relieved of command. General Alejandrino could have been killed by Del Pilar’s men, mistaking him as General Luna, but luckily saved by soon-to-be-General Urbano Lacuna’s clarification on Alejandrino’s identity. Aguinaldo also had plans to dispose Alejandrino, but knowing that the General’s brother, Joaquin, was part of the formidable Tinio brigade, which they were seeing as their savior, spared the latter’s life, assigning him to Mangatarem, La Union, then under General Lacuna in Mt. Arayat.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_del_Pilar

http://www.filipinoamericanwar.com/ilocosandcagayan1899.htm

http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/610067/ang-huling-pag-ibig-ni-gregorio-del-pilar/story/

http://www.filipiknow.net/facts-about-general-gregorio-del-pilar/

https://joshuaagar.wordpress.com/2015/09/23/was-gregorio-del-pilar-a-hero-after-all/

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/789586/showing-the-human-side-of-heroes

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