#tricky sql queries for interview

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Great Learning has prepared a list of the top  SQL interview questions that will help you during your interview. What is SQL? What is Database

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Top 15 Hibernate Tricky Interview Questions for Experienced

Question # 1 What's hibernate in coffee?

Answer:Hibernate ORM (Hibernate in brief ) is an object-relational mapping instrument for the Java programming language. It gives a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model into a hierarchical database.

Question # 2 Is better compared to JDBC?

Answer:JDBC will consistently give much better performance as compared to Hibernate for the majority of the database vendors. ... The option of hibernate over JDBC and SQL questions isn't due to the functionality but due to motives, mostly object persistence and database freedom, in not writing particular database queries.

Hibernate reduces lines of code by claiming object-table mapping itself, and returns lead to a program in Java objects. Hibernate, using sterile Persistence, cache is put to the program work area.

Question # 4 What's the usage of ORM in Java?

Answer:Hibernate is an ORM framework -- you explain how your items are represented on your database, and then sew manages the conversion.

Question # 5 What's the distinction between JPA and Hibernate?

Answer:JPA is the port. Hibernate is 1 implementation of the interface. JPA is a specification for obtaining, persisting, and handling the information between Java objects and the relational database. Since the definition states its API, it's merely the specification. Hibernate is a JPA supplier.

Question # 6 What's the usage of Session in hibernate?

Answer:The main runtime interface between a Java program and Hibernate. This is the primary API course abstracting the idea of persistence support. The lifecycle of a Session is bounded from the start and ending of a logical transaction.

Question # 7 What's the design of hibernate?

Answer:Hibernate uses this database and configuration information to give persistence services (and persistent items ) into the program.

Question # 8 What's ORM hibernate?

Answer:Hibernate ORM (Hibernate in brief ) is an object-relational mapping instrument for the Java programming language. It gives a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model into a hierarchical database.

Query # 9 Could we utilize just JPA without hibernate?

Answer:You must define the persistence supplier (Hibernate, EclipseLink) to utilize the JPA implementation. The persistence providers possess the implementation courses for JPA specifications. You can not only use JPA cause it's an API =-RRB-, however you will find lots of JPA implementations: EclipseLink.

Answer:2 strategies can be announced in the O/R mapping metadata or over-ridden with a specific HQL or even Criteria query. Hibernate defines the subsequent drawing approaches:

Response # Polymorphic institution is a phrase used in discussions of Object-Relational Mapping concerning representing from the relational database domain name a connection from 1 class to multiple courses. In statically typed languages like Java, these various classes are subclasses of the same superclass.

Question # 12 What's the difference between Session and Sessionfactory in Presentation?

Answer:SessionFactory is Hibernate's concept of one datastore. It can be threadsafe, so many threads may access it simultaneously and ask for sessions and immutable cache of compiled mappings for one database. Sessions are opened with a SessionFactory and then are shut when all work is complete.

Question # 13 What's the difference between loading and also get method in Presentation?

Answer:In Hibernate, proxy is an item with the specified identifier worth. Its properties aren't initialized yet. It only appears to be a temporary imitation object. If no row is found, it'll throw an ObjectNotFoundException.

Response # SessionFactory can also be thread-safe so just 1 thread can execute in a time its code. The case of sessionFactory is heavyweight since it comprises link, hibernate configuration, mapping documents, and place path. If you generate some points of sessionFactory, then your code gets quite heavy.

Question # 15 What are the configuration files?

Answer:Hibernate also takes a set of configuration choices associated with the database and other associated parameters. All such advice is generally provided as a normal Java properties file called hibernate.properties or as an XML file called hibernate.cfg.xml.

Know more

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Top 51 SQL Query Interview Questions and Answers

SQL-related jobs are abundant in the present market, and a number of companies looking for professionals with SQL skills are continuing to flourish. In order to ensure your job among the increasing demand, you need to prepare well.

The below list covers all the SQL Query Interview Questions for experienced candidates and some SQL technical interview questions on the advanced level.

Check the basic SQL Interview questions to begin your journey before going on the tricky SQL queries. So without any further ado, let’s get started...Read More

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Eurofins Recruitment Drive On 29th Feb 2020

Eurofins Recruitment Drive On 29th Feb 2020 https://jobs4fresher.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/eurofins.png Eurofins Recruitment Drive:- Eurofins hiring B.E/B.Tech – CSC, IT, ECE, 2018 & 2019 Pass outs for the role of Associate Software Engineer in Bengaluru location. The complete details about Eurofins Recruitment Drive 2020 as follows.

Click Here To Register For The Latest Off campus Drives(B.E/B.Tech) Company Name:-  Eurofins Scientific Company Website:- www.eurofins.com Job Position:- Associate Software Engineer Job Location:-  Bengaluru, Karnataka Date of Drive :- 29-Feb 2020

Not Getting Interview Calls with Your Current Resume ? Create An Excellent Error Free Resume With Myperfectresume.com And Get Hired Quickly. Qualifications:- BE/BTech – CSC, IT, ECE,  (2018 & 2019 Pass outs) Required Skills And Experience:– Technology skills:– Strong and proven background in Information TechnologyStrong in any programming language(C, C++, C#, Java..etc)Should be good in Database (writing queries – SQL) Personal Skills:– Excellent analytical and problem solving skillsStructured work habits and ability to conform to best practices for software developmentScrum values : Commitment, Focus, Openness, Respect, CourageExcellent verbal/written communication skills. Competent in English.Ability to work in a complex international environmentSuccessful teamwork experience is required Time management skills are a must; as well as the ability to be flexible and creative

Register For B.E/B.Tech off campus Drives Job description:– Within the eLIMS-FGS Support & Continual Improvement project team made up of a team leader together with four support agents and developers, the candidate is expected to: Contribute as a team member to the ongoing development of the application suite deployed at various globally distributed locationsIntegrate his- or herself into the team workflow and best practices including Agile values and principles (Agile Manifesto)Follow team development practices and policies in order to design an application suite that can easily be implemented within Eurofins Group World Wide and supported on a long-term period.Create and maintain technical and operational documentation that describes program code, logic, changes, and modifications in the user work-flow. Specific Assignments:– DevelopmentImplement change requests in the existing modules and integrate new modules into the suiteMaintain good programming practices (code-quality, peer-review, definition of done, documentation…)Develop working relationships within the FGS programme (Product Owner, Business Analysts, support agents, testing & deployment staff).Collaboration with Support AgentsSupport development of complex configuration elements such as Scripts, Reports or SQL procedures. Technical reference and diagnosis in case of urgent incidents or intractable Bugs

Build an excellent resume with myperfectresume.com &Get hired quickly Eurofins Recruitment Drive Apply Link :- Click Here (apply before the link expires) Join Our Telegram Channel(3600+ members) For Daily Job Updates– Click Here  Click Here To Download The Most Tricky Interview Questions With Detailed Answers and Previous Years Question Papers Of Infosys,Wipro,Cognizant(CTS), TCS ,AMCAT,eLitmus With Detailed Solutons For Everyquestion Join Facebook group For more updates Also apply other off campus drives Off campus DriveApply LinkFlexclick hereIBMclick hereAmazonclick here Job Description Online : Click Here (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || ).push(); Apply Here Read the full article

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300+ TOP CALL CENTER Interview Questions and Answers

CALL CENTER Interview Questions :-

1. What You Know About Call Center? The call center is mentioned as a service desk wherein in surplus calls are handled. The main intention of a call center is to solve customer issues and make them happy. The customer service agent attends the calls and satisfies the customers by all ways. 2. Mention The Types Of Call Center And What Is The Difference Between Them? Inbound call center and outbound call center are the two types of call centers. In an inbound call center the call center associate or customer service officer will receive calls pertaining to customer queries. For example: customer calling up the telecom company in order to know the present tariff plans bills, internet services and more. In an outbound call center, the customer associate will make outgoing calls to customers which can be business related or sales related. Examples can be call received from banks regarding personal loans. 3. What Do You Like About Being Employed In A Call Center? The answer can be to work as a part of a team, the environment which is fast paced. The answer can also be mentioned as communicating with various customers and solving their issues. Since products and services keep changing, the graduate is kept updated on the various changes and learns new skills. Also mention few positive examples that you have experienced and enjoyed as a call center executive. 4. Why Did You Leave Your Last Position? This is one tricky which must be answered carefully as it may seize you anytime. It is always good to answer in a positive tone. You can mention that the job role wasn’t challenging and appropriate to your skills. You can also mention that the workload was discontinuous and you spent most of the time idle. Another important advice is that you should never speak ill about your previous employer if so they may assume that you would do the same with them too. 5. What Do You Consider As An Important Aspect Of A Successful Call Center? With this interview for call center, the interviewer will get to know your understanding of what a call center needs to deliver. A successful call center is one which delivers the requirements of the customer which includes stable performance, reliability, and prompt responsiveness. Also, remember to share few metrics such as resolution rates and response time which helps in calculating efficiency. The main requirements of the customers from call center agents are accurate responses, which is knowledgeable and professional. 6. Can You Do A Job That Requires You To Stay On The Phone All Day? Before you go for a job at a call center you should know that the focus of the job here is “voice” which needs you to be on phone for quite a long time. So, the interviewer expects a “Yes” as an answer to this question. 7. What Is Onshore Outsourcing? When a business process is outsourced from a company in one country to another country in the same country – it is called onshore outsourcing. 8. What Is Near Shore Outsourcing? When a work process is outsourced to a nearby country, it is called near shore outsourcing. For EX: If a business process is outsourced from a company in USA to a company in Mexico or Canada – it is near shore outsourcing. 9. What Is Off-shore Outsourcing? When a work process is outsourced to a different country which is not nearby – it is called off-shore outsourcing. For Ex: of USA outsources a work process to India- it is off-shore outsourcing. 10. What Is The Difference Between A Bpo And A Call Center? Call center is a subset of BPO.

CALL CENTER Interview Questions 11. Have You Ever Worked In A Call Center Before? If So, How Long Did You Work There? The purpose of this is to see if you already have some experience of working at a call center. If so, tell the interviewer about your experiences and what you learnt there. If you do not have a work experience, don’t panic, stay calm and say “I don’t have a first hand experience of working at a call center but this is what I know about them and I look forward to work for one.” 12. Why Do You Want To Work In A Call Center? Relate the qualities you have to the requirements of a call center job like, good command over the language(English), team working capabilities, patience, good listening skills etc. and say that you think, these skills will make you successful in the industry. Also, talk about the prospects for the industry and how you think you can grow with it. 13. What Are The Works Of Team Leader In Call Center? To Take care of the team with motivation. Checking on daily performance of each team member which includes (Shift and Break Adherence, AHT, Occupancy, Ring time and of course quality, and give them the feedback on area of improvement and tracking attendance,remote or nice call monitoring, taking escalations and taking team meetings and also giving update about the new information on floor. 14. What Is Cdma? CDMA ,means code division multiple access 15. What Does Customer Satisfaction Mean To You? Customer Satisfaction mean,dealing with customer in a proper or positive way.Every individuals are different so there need and satisfactory leave also different.So the main task of a employee of a call center is to make them understand that they are also concerned about their problem. 16. What Is The Difference Between Bpo And Call Centre ? A Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) organization is responsible for performing a process or a part of a process of another business organization; outsourcing is done to save on costs or gain in productivity. A call center performs that part of a client?s business which involves handling telephone calls. A call center, for example, might handle customer complaints coming in over a telephone. Thus, a call center can be considered a BPO organization. 17. What Is Backend? A back-end database is a database that is accessed by users indirectly through an external application rather than by application programming stored within the database itself or by low level manipulation of the data (e.g. through SQL commands). A back-end database stores data but does not include end-user application elements such as stored queries, forms, macros or reports. 18. What Is The Definition Of Quality? Quality is a parameter based on conservation with the customer. it contains good knowledge of productivity ,active listener, opening and closing script, goodcommunications skills .and probing skills also. 19. What Is B.p.o? B.P.O. Means Business Process Outsourcing which deals with CRM ( Customer relationship management.). IN the BPO call are made & receive. It can be inbound or outbound. it is just like a help-desk where customer query are solve. It is basically link between the customer & its company. 20. What Is Inbound And Outbound ? In inbound process we just satisfy the customer and solve the problem related to our company. And, in out bound process, we just call the customer and selling the company products. 21. What is a virtual call center? The virtual call center provides a technology or software service, through which the customer associate or agent can connect to their customer from any location. This technology involves the host server and the equipment to run the call center. This service is rendered on a monthly or annual subscription. Agents can connect to the host server and can get access to the customer data. The benefit of a virtual call center is that you can work from home. 22. Do you like multi-tasking or you prefer to tackle one problem at a time? Depending on the situation, I could do multi-tasking or could tackle one problem at a time. But multi-tasking always has the upper hand because it increases your efficiency at the call center. 23. What if the customer is not happy with your answer or solution? If the customer is not happy with the answer or solution, then I will ask the customer to hold the line and pass on the call to a manager or a team leader. 24. What will be your approach to improve customer service? For improved customer service, my approach would be to take feedback from the customer and ask them how we can improve in solving their problem and render them a good service. 25. What will you do in a situation where system shuts down and you still handling customer on the phone? In the middle of handling phone, if the system crashes, then I will ask the customer to hold for some time till I get power back up and if not then try to resolve his/her problem with my knowledge. The best thing in such a situation is to ask the customer to call back or note his contact details so you can call once the system is back. 26. What are the key attributes of a call center executive? The key attributes of a call center executive are Friendly attitude Ask the right questions Accurate answers to the customer query Professional phone relationship Be the face of the organization View a customer’s complaint as an opportunity to gain the customer’s respect Resolve complaints patiently 27. How to deal with the difficult customer? To deal with a demanding customer, you need to do the following things Listen to customer actively Rephrase their concerns Present a viable solution Take action and follow up Fix the problem at hand immediately Use the feedback Reduce the unpleasant situation by doing proper research and preparation 28. How do you measure good customer service? Customer service can be measured on the following basis, Number of repeat customers Number and type of customer complaints received Number of referrals given by current customers Sales figure if service is product based Customer satisfaction surveys Benchmarking service with competitors The rate at which number of customers enrolled in your service Number of returns 29. How can you turn down a request from a valued client? To turn down a request from a valued client, you have to Remain polite and well mannered Adhere to company’s policies Explain the situation or reason for denial Try to remain reliable to customer 30. How would you handle negative feedback from angry clients? To handle negative feedback from angry clients, Customer representative should be able to manage customer without being dominated He should not be overwhelmed by a disapproving customer Try to listen and understand customer issue before going after suggestions or solution 31. How one can improve customer interactions? To improve customer interaction, Admit your mistakes even before your customer does and apologize Take follow up if a problem is solved Practice active listening, so your customer feel heard Try to identify a common interest or liking with the customer 32. What steps will you take to deal with an unsatisfied customer? Apologize and offer a better option Act quickly and resolve the customer complaint Take responsibility for what made a customer unhappy Compensate customer with a better deal or free service 33. How can you create new opportunities for customers proactive engagement? Use internet service to contact a customer on social media Use mobile often to reach maximum customers by sending personalized context-relevant offers or services Customer Interactions must be relevant to customers interest to gain their trust and encourage them Analyze the customer data and behavior using a business intelligence tool to understand its expectation for the service you offer Use cloud platform to keep your service updated with the latest technology and with minimum expenses 34. What are the important things you need to take care of implementing a CRM solution to your business? Before implementing a CRM solution to your business, you need to take care of the following things CRM strategy: CRM only works when there is a clear picture of why the organization is doing it and how it helps to improve customer service Choose the right CRM partner: A best CRM solutions are flexible and have a full integration capability with any other systems in your business Identify the highest priority: Implement a CRM solution for the highest priority and return area first 35. How can you get responsive customer feedback? To get responsive customer feedback, Offer feedback options on every page of your site Present visitors with easy feedback form by giving them a selective option Give visitors easy-to-use rating systems Give option for a newsletter to skip or to register Deliver feedback to the responsible person directly via email notification Avoid multiple choice of answers instead encourage customer for descriptive feedback 36. How the analysis of departed customer help your organization? Departed customer analysis can help your organization in the following ways: Get valuable insight on why your customer departed from you Which competitor is being selected to replace your company service What was the expectation of your former clients Help to understand weakness and gaps within the product line or services. 37. Name the factors you need to take into consideration before conducting a survey for customer service satisfaction Before conducting a survey for customer service satisfaction, First, consider the objective of the survey Make your survey accessible online Keep open-ended questions and keep survey narrative Consider negative feedback equivalent to the positive feedback it is equally important Select the survey method that can yield real information in real time Target putting questions that are relevant to service 38. Name useful online tools that can be used for better customer service For better customer service tools that are used Freshdesk Zendesk Assistly Zoho support Kayako UserVoice Conversocial Get Satisfaction etc. 39. What is the key aspect that helps improve customer service? The key aspect of improving customer service, Data analysis: Analyze the preferences of customers based on the data collections Automation of business process: To improve customer satisfaction and to speed up the business process implement the automation of the business process Self-service optimization: Explore new ways for customer interaction with your business Workforce effectiveness: Integrate new tools and technology to improve customer service 40. How can you improve customer service without spending any money? I have retrieved several support emails that we received from our clients and figured out that several questions were asked repetitively. I searched online forums and knowledge base to find out the solution for these questions. I made a document of the solution, which is now accessible to the customer. It was cost effective and helped reduce common repetitive questions from the client. 41. How can you build customer loyalty? To build customer loyalty, you need to Track customer retention by surveying your customers Analyze the data to see how many customers are new and how many are returning for your service Focus on converting new customers into returning customers as a plan of your customer retention plan Encourage employees to build connections with customers Solicit feedback from the customer, so they feel that their opinions matter 42. What factors do you need to take care of while creating a customer newsletter? While creating a customer newsletter, you need to include the following – General information about your company Purpose of the newsletter- Promotions, events, upcoming sales, and new services/ products Any photos related to the content Any discount or coupons that may be included in your offer 43. How to deal with abusive/slang using customer? To deal with abusive customers, Give a positive response: Assure the customer that you are there to help him and tell them that you require specific information from them to carry forward Personalize the conversation: Personalize with the conversation and call the customer by name and refer to their company by the name Declare your intent and boundaries: Let your customer know that you can solve the problem, and their demands are reasonable. You should not allow the customer to continue if they are too much aggressive; it’s time to use other strategies Transfer the call: The best way is to switch on the call to the most experienced personnel or supervisor. Sooner you transfer the call, the customer will calm down –it’s natural psychology. Discontinue the conversation: Warn customer if he continues with abusive slang, you will end the conversation. If the customer is still abusive even after speaking to them politely, it’s better to discontinue the conversation by telling them to contact the customer service complaint department for further discussion. 44. How can you resolve the problem to customer’s Satisfaction? To resolve the problem to customer’s Satisfaction, you need to follow the following techniques. Talk to the customer: Standard emails or letters might work in some cases, but often you can achieve more quickly with a phone call. It will make feel customer more personal and understand their complaint Figure out the problem and requirement: Listen carefully to your customers need carefully and ask them what they want Ask about wider issues: Ask open-ended questions like – is he happy with your service or product? What other feedback does he want to give? Offer something back: If a customer has a genuine issue with the service/product, and there is a chance of losing him/her, it’s better to give him some offer/discount/coupons, etc. to encourage him/her to stick to your service. Confirm your solution: In order to avoid dispute after coming up with a solution on the phone, it’s better to take follow up by email or letter Regular follow up: This is where most people miss… get a member of your staff to check that all is well. It will help to minimize the common problem faced by customers. 45. How do you deal with the question you don’t know the answer that customer asked? If you don’t know the answer to the questions Never say, “I don’t know.” Instead, say, ” Hold on while I look for the information.” Tell the customer it’s technical information and requires a specialist. I’ll get back to you shortly with some possible solution You can also tell customer following – It’s a timely question and requires some time to gather XYZ information As per the latest information what we suggest to you. I can answer that in part, but like to consider it further and get back to you. Do anything else that seems proactive while putting them on hold or passing a note to colleagues. You can also keep them engaged by asking questions 46. What would you do if the customer says that it took you long to resolve an issue? If a customer says that it took you long to resolve an issue, First, ensure to the customer, that you are not far from him, and was busy with his task all the time You have to give him an expression that he or she is the only customer you are worried for If required give him the explanation of the whole operational path and the areas where the task can get slower 47. How to deal with the customer having a language barrier? To deal with a customer having a language barrier, Install translation aids on customer service workstations Offer chat, email or customer support options in their native language if possible on top of the phone calls Hire additional personnel with the language skills needed to work with this customer segment Enroll language barrier procedures that can be used when handling foreign customer calls 48. How to deal with unreasonable customer demands? To deal with unreasonable customer demands, To avoid conflict with your potential customer, you can always offer him a reasonable option Pre-qualify your customer, before allocating anything to your customer make sure you understand well your customers demand Say-no without hesitation if the demand is illegitimate Keep your patience while dealing with such unreasonable customer demands 49. How to deal with customers who deny paying for service/product? Work with the customer not against him: Try to figure out the exact reason why he is not willing to pay without getting angry on him. Be friendly and try to come up with possible options and plans that might resolve the situation Communicate often in writing and document everything: Always start with a non-threatening written message asking for the prompt resolution by a specific date Don’t get personal or angry: Try to listen to customer with empathy it might be possible that your customer is in real financial crisis, so instead of losing your nerves try to handle a situation with empathy Turn to collection service at last: Turning down to an attorney or collection agency should be your last resort. Also, remember that a collector takes a hefty portion of any recovery while legal steps will include the cost of hiring an attorney and other hidden charges. 50. Our call center is involved in activities that bend many laws, would you still work with us? Pay is huge Personal ethics and integrity are indispensable to me while selecting my place to work. I will have to decline regretfully. CALL CENTER Questions with Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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SQL tricky questions on job interview

After we showed you 10 main questions asked to a candidate on JavaScript interviews, we found an interesting material with SQL tricky questions. This is a translated summary from the original article by Alexander Chmyr. The questions are related to the basic mechanisms of the language. So, first...

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MySQL 8.0 Certifications

     Recently the MySQL 8.0 Developer Certification became available joining the MySQL 8.0 Developer Certifications.  I have recently seen posts on various social media sites asking what is on the exam, is there an exam guide, and what do you 'really need to know' to pass the exam.   Both tests are very tough.  Neither is going to be passed by rote memorization as many of the questions require analysis of system output before trying to adjust for the desired result.  There are no true or false questions and no essays.  What you will get is a series of questions written by subject matter experts that range from testing basic conceptual knowledge to very tough assessments of how to fix problems.  BTW the exam software lets you mark questions for later review and it does help to bypass the tougher questions for later review at the end of the test.  Are the question tricky?  No, not really.  They really require in depth knowledge of MySQL 8.0.  If you have ever interviewed someone for a DBA job you know there are certain points of knowledge (pain points) that a candidate MUST have to be trusted with your precious data.  Imagine going to your physician and having to identify which body part is a knee and which part is an elbow.  I personally would trust anyone with either the 8.0 DBA or 8.0 Developer certification to know their stuff.  Certification guide? Nope, sorry. Back in the 5.0 days there was a team effort to produce a comprehensive exam guide.  But 5.0 was a long time ago and there was an effort back in the 5.6 days for a resurrected guide that did not come to fruition. And having written a technical book, I can assure you that any such work is like writing in sand on a busy holiday vacation spot beach as the content is constantly changes and the community is adding or dropping tools continually.   I highly recommend Oracle's classes like MySQL For Developers and from regular reviews of the course materials on my part tell me that the curriculum team  does a fantastic job conveying the complex material way in an easy to consume package of literature and exercises.  I still recommend practicing the exercises for several weeks after the class before taking the exam.  Exam crams?  Do not waste you money.  The 'dumps' I have examined in the past are either poor third-hands recitations of poor interpretations of what was on a test or bad copies from the manual. How to Have a Good Chance to Pass the Exam   Review the exam topics below, using it as a check list.  Go to the MySQL Manual enter and read the sections for that area. Make sure you understand any examples and please do try them on your own scratch server.  Please write down notes in a notebook if you think having a consolidated review tool is handy for you.   Also check the MySQL Server Team blog and Planet.mysql.com for blogs from other Oracle MySQL Teams.  And if you have questions please ask away on forums.mysql.com and mysqlcommunity.slack,com.  I monitor the Certification board on the forums if you have questionsThe Exam Topics  DBA Certification  Architecture Configure client connections to the server Understand how MySQL stores data Understand how InnoDB stores data and logs Configure buffers and caches Understand and use the Data Dictionary Security Create user accounts and roles Use authentication plug-ins Control user and role permissions Recognize common security risks Secure MySQL server connections Provide password and login security Secure the MySQL host environment Prevent SQL injection attacks Encrypt MySQL data Configure MySQL Enterprise Firewall Query Optimization Examine how MySQL optimizes queries Analyze queries with MySQL Enterprise Monitor Create indexes to improve server performance Monitor and understand index statistics High Availability Techniques Explain how replication provides high availability and scalability Configure replication Explain the role of the binary log in replication Configure multisource replication Explain the role of replication threads Monitor and troubleshoot replication Describe MySQL InnoDB cluster and Group Replication Configure a MySQL InnoDB cluster Perform an InnoDB cluster recovery Developer Certification Connectors and APIs Choose between connectors for a given application Demonstrate connector use, management and configuration Retrieve data from the database by using a connector Handle special values Secure credentials and connections MySQL Schema Objects and Data Design, create, and alter views Store and process string data Store and process numeric data Store and process temporal data Store and process spatial data Query Optimization Use indexes for optimization Analyze queries for optimization Rewrite queries for optimization JSON and Document Store Create and store JSON documents Process data in JSON documents Explain application development with NoSQL and XDevAPI Create and access a document store Use MySQL Shell to access document stores Data-driven Applications Use prepared statements Set SQL Modes to change MySQL behavior Handle and interpret errors and warnings Display query results Aggregate and summarize data Advanced Report Generation Transactions Control transactions in SQL Control transactions in applications Resolve consistency problems with isolation levels Understand locking mechanisms within MySQL MySQL Stored Programs Create and execute stored routines Explain the programming constructs used in stored routines Create and execute triggers Schedule database operations Server Installation and Configuration Install and use the MySQL server and client programs Identify the files and folders created during installation Start and stop MySQL Upgrade MySQL Configure MySQL by using options and option files Configure MySQL variables Launch multiple MySQL servers on the same host Monitoring and Maintenance Configure and view MySQL log files Monitor MySQL processes and status Configure MySQL Enterprise Audit Use MySQL Enterprise Monitor to view activity in MySQL Monitor database growth and explain capacity planning Troubleshoot problems with locked resources Backups and Recovery Distinguish between the different types of backup Implement a backup strategy Backup and restore data with MySQL Enterprise Backup Use mysqldump and mysqlpump to perform logical backups Explain when and how to use raw file backups Back up the binary log All opinions expressed in this blog are those of Dave Stokes who is actually amazed to find anyone else agreeing with him https://elephantdolphin.blogspot.com/2020/07/mysql-80-certifications.html

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15 Technical Core Java Interview Questions Answers for Experienced Developers

When the experience of a Java Programmer grows in the years e.g. when it goes from beginner years ( 2 to 4) to more experience or sort of senior level ( 5 to 7 years), Core Java Interview Questions also change a bit. Of course, basics like data structure, algorithms, and object-oriented programming remains the same, but types of questions will become more advanced and their answers will definitely need to be more detailed and accurate. I often receive queries about core Java questions asked to a senior developer of 5 to 6-year experience, or, sometimes, I am going for an interview of senior Java developer, what kind of questions I should expect. This sometimes puzzles me, that once you become senior, you automatically start taking part in the interview, and you should have an idea of what to expect on Interviews, but at the same time, I can understand that having an idea of questions before going on Interview, helps preparation. Of course, you are not going to get a question like the one you have faced on 2 to 3 years level Java Interviews, but It also depends on different rounds of Interviews.

 I have not seen many changes in the questions asked on the telephonic round, which almost remains the same. You will find some fact-based, some coding questions and a few tricky questions. On the other hand face-to-face, interviews have become more detailed and more tricky, especially with nasty follow-ups.

 In this article, I am going to share some 15 technical core Java Interview Questions, which I have seen asked senior and experienced developers of 4 to 6 years of experience in different interviews, mostly on telephonic rounds.  I am not posting answers as of now, but you can find answers to most of the questions on here or the Javarevisited blog.

   If you are in a hurry and actively looking for a Java Developer Job, you can also take help from some good books written to prepare you for Java J2EE interviews. Books like, Java Programming Interview Exposed covers all important topics for both core Java and Java EE interviews, which include basic Java questions, data structure and algorithms, JVM internals and GC tuning, Hibernate and Spring interview questions, JUnit ant unit testing questions, and some Java 8 stuff.

 It also covers knowledge of other JVM languages like Scala, Groovy and other platforms like Android. A perfect companion to do well in Java interviews.

 If you want to prepare more on the coding side then you can also check out Cracking the Coding Interview, which contains almost 150 programming questions and solutions from technical interviews of big tech companies like Amazon, Facebook, Google, Twitter, and Microsoft.

   15 Core Java Questions For 5 to 6 Years Experienced

All these questions have been collected from quite senior developers, which has at least 5 years of experience. They have seen these questions on different rounds of their core Java interviews, including telephonic and face-to-face rounds on different companies, mostly on Investment banks like Barclays, Morgan, RBS, and others.

  1. What is Busy Spinning? Why Should You Use It in Java?

One of the interesting multithreading question to senior Java programmers, busy spinning is a waiting strategy, in which a thread just wait in a loop, without releasing the CPU for going to sleep. This is a very advanced and specialized waiting strategy used in the high-frequency trading application when the wait time between two messages is very minimal.

 By not releasing the CPU or suspending the thread, your thread retains all the cached data and instruction, which may be lost if the thread was suspended and resumed back in a different core of CPU.

 This question is quite popular in high-frequency low latency programming domain, where programmers are trying for extremely low latency in the range of micro to milliseconds. See here more 50+ advanced thread interview questions for experienced programmers.

  core java interview questions for senior developers

    2. What is Read-Write Lock? Does ConcurrentHashMap in Java Use The ReadWrite Lock?

ReadWrite Lock is an implementation of a lock stripping technique, where two separate locks are used for reading and write operation. Since read operation doesn't modify the state of the object, it's safe to allow multiple thread access to a shared object for reading without locking, and by splitting one lock into the read and write lock, you can easily do that.

 Java provides an implementation of a read-write lock in the form of the ReentrantReadWritLock class in the java.util.concurrent.lock package. This is worth looking before you decide to write your own read-write locking implementation.

 Also, the current implementation of java.util.ConcurrentHashMap doesn't use the ReadWriteLock, instead, it divides the Map into several segments and locks them separately using different locks. This means any given time, only a portion of the ConcurrentHashMap is locked, instead of the whole Map. See how ConcurrentHashMap internally works in Java for more detail.

  This core Java question is also very popular on senior and more experienced level Java interviews e.g. 4 to 6 years, where you expect Interviewer to go into more detail, like by asking you to provide an implementation of the read-write lock with different policies. If you are an experienced Java programmer, consider reading Java Concurrency in Practice to gain more confidence about multithreading and concurrency in Java.

    3. How to Make an Object Immutable in Java? Why Should You Make an Object Immutable?

Well, Immutability offers several advantages including thread-safety, ability to cache and result in a more readable multithreading code. See here to learn how to make objects Immutable. Once again, this question can also go into more detail and depending on your answer, can bring several other questions e.g. when you mention Spring is Immutable, be ready with some reasons on Why String is Immutable in Java.

   4. Which Design Patterns have You Used in Your Java Project?

Always expect some design patterns related question for Core Java Interview of senior developer position. It's a better strategy to mention any GOF design pattern rather than Singleton or MVC, which almost every other Java developer use it.

 Your best bet can be a Decorator pattern or maybe Dependency Injection Pattern, which is quite popular in the Spring Framework. It's also good to mention only the design patterns which you have actually used in your project and knows it's tradeoffs.

 It's common that once you mention a particular design pattern say Factory or Abstract Factory, Interviewer's next question would be, have you used this pattern in your project? So be ready with proper examples and why you choose a particular pattern. You can also see this article for more advanced design pattern questions from Java interviews.

    5.  Do you know about Open Closed Design Principle or Liskov Substitution Principle?

Design patterns are based on object-oriented design principles, which I strongly felt every object-oriented developer and the programmer should know, or, at least, have a basic idea of what are these principles and how they help you to write better object-oriented code. I

 f you don't know the answer to this question, you can politely say No, as it's not expected from you to know the answer to every question, but by answering this question, you can make your claim stronger as many experienced developers fail to answer basic questions like this. See Clean Code learn more about object-oriented and SOLID design principles.

    6. Which Design Pattern Will You Use to Shield Your Code From a Third Party library Which Will Likely to be Replaced by Another in Couple of Months?

 This is just one example of the scenario-based design pattern interview question. In order to test the practical experience of Java developers with more than 5 years of experience, companies ask this kind of question.  You can expect more real-world design problems in different formats, some with more detail explanation with context, or some with only intent around.

 One way to shield your code from a third-party library is to code against an interface rather than implementation and then use dependency injection to provide a particular implementation. This kind of question is also asked quite frequently to experienced and senior Java developers with 5 to 7 years of experience.

   Question 7)  How do you prevent SQL Injection in Java Code?

This question is more asked J2EE and Java EE developers than core Java developers, but, it is still a good question to check the JDBC and Security skill of experienced Java programmers.

 You can use PreparedStatement to avoid SQL injection in Java code. Use of the PreparedStatement for executing SQL queries not only provides better performance but also shield your Java and J2EE application from SQL Injection attack.

 On a similar note, If you are working more on Java EE or J2EE side, then you should also be familiar with other security issues including Session Fixation attack or Cross-Site Scripting attack and how to resolve them. These are some fields and questions where a good answer can make a lot of difference in your selection.

   Question 8) Tell me about different Reference types available in Java, e.g. WeakReference, SoftReference or PhantomReference? and Why should you use them?

Well, they are different reference types coming from java.lang.ref package and provided to assist Java Garbage Collector in a case of low memory issues. If you wrap an object with WeakReference than it will be eligible for garbage collected if there are o strong references. They can later be reclaimed by the Garbage collector if JVM is running low on memory.

 The java.util.WeakHashMap is a special Map implementation, whose keys are the object of WeakReference, so if only Map contains the reference of any object and no other, those object can be garbage collected if GC needs memory. See Java Performance The Definitive Guide learn more about how to deal with performance issues in Java.

  core java technical interview questions and answers for experienced

   Question 9) How does get method of HashMap works in Java?

Yes, this is still one of the most popular core Java questions for senior developer interviews. You can also expect this question on telephonic round, followed by lot's of follow-up questions as discussed in my post how does HashMap work in Java.

 The short answer to this question is that HashMap is based upon hash table data structure and uses hashCode() method to calculate hash code to find the bucket location on the underlying array and equals() method to search the object in the same bucket in case of a collision. See here to learn more about how does get() method of HashMap works in Java.

    Question 10) Which Two Methods HashMap key Object Should Implement?

This is one of the follow-up questions I was saying about in previous questions. Since working of HashMap is based upon hash table data structure, any object which you want to use as a key for HashMap or any other hash-based collection e.g. Hashtable, or ConcurrentHashMap must implement equals() and hashCode() method.

 The hashCode() is used to find the bucket location i.e. index of the underlying array and equals() method is used to find the right object in a linked list stored in the bucket in case of a collision. By the way, from Java 8, HashMap also started using a tree data structure to store the object in case of a collision to reduce the worst-case performance of HashMap from O(n) to O(logN). See the article for learning more about how does HashMap handless collisions in Java.

    Question 11) Why Should an Object Used As the Key should be Immutable?

This is another follow-up of previous core Java interview questions. It's good to test the depth of technical knowledge of candidates by asking more and more questions on the same topic. If you know about Immutability, you can answer this question by yourself. The short answer to this question is key should be immutable so that hashCode() method always return the same value.

 Since the hash code returned by hashCode() method depends on the content of the object i.e. values of member variables. If an object is mutable than those values can change and so is the hash code. If the same object returns different hash code once you inserted the value in HashMap, you will end up searching in different bucket locations and will not able to retrieve the object. That's why a key object should be immutable. It's not a rule enforced by the compiler but you should take care of it as an experienced programmer. See the article for more advanced Java Collection interview questions.

    Question 12) How does ConcurrentHashMap achieve its Scalability?

Sometimes this multithreading + collection interview question is also asked as, the difference between ConcurrentHashMap and Hashtable in Java. The problem with synchronized HashMap or Hashtable was that the whole Map is locked when a thread performs any operation with Map.

 The java.util.ConcurrentHashMap class solves this problem by using a lock stripping technique, where the whole map is locked at different segments and only a particular segment is locked during the write operation, not the whole map. The ConcurrentHashMap also achieves its scalability by allowing lock-free reads as read is a thread-safe operation.  See here for more advanced multi-threading and concurrency questions in Java.

    Question 13) How do you share an object between threads? or How to pass an object from one thread to another?

There are multiple ways to do that e.g. Queues, Exchanger, etc, but BlockingQueue using Producer-Consumer pattern is the easiest way to pass an object from thread to another.

    Question 14) How do find if your program has a deadlock?

By taking thread dump using kill -3, using JConsole or VisualVM), I suggest preparing this core java interview question in more detail, as the Interviewer definitely likes to go with more detail e.g. they will press with questions like, have you really done that in your project or not?

   Question 15) How do you avoid deadlock while coding?

By ensuring locks are acquire and released in an ordered manner, see here for a detailed answer to this question.

  That's all on this list of Core Java Interview Questions for senior developers and experienced programmers. I haven't included a lot of questions from other important topics like Exception handling, Garbage Collection tuning and JVM Internals, which is also very popular among Java programmers with 5 to 6 years of experience, maybe I will include them in the next part.[Source]-https://www.java67.com/2013/07/15-advanced-core-java-interview-questions-answers-senior-experienced-5-6-years-programmers-developers.html

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Most Popular SQL Interview Questions For Basic To Advanced

These SQL Interview Questions are completely dedicated to Modernization of the way we used to maintain records has changed drastically, a lot of data being generated nowadays are in the form of pictures or videos that have become our sole source of keeping memories intact for many years to come. Similarly, multiple organizations and firms have employed a similar method in storing the company data in the form of digitized documents stored away in Database Management Systems (DBMS) which require a special style of language to mine or extract data that the company wishes to extract from its database and here where SQL comes in.

What is SQL?

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a domain-specific programming language that is utilized by skilled professionals to manage data stored in the company’s database. SQL skills are in high demand in the market and serve as the foundational basics for any professional looking for a job or brighter prospects in the data industry. Here are a set of SQL Interview Questions that we believe you should prepare for SQL before going for an interview.

Here are Popular SQL Interview Questions & Answers Lists:-

Q1. Describe a DBMS?

Database Management System (DBMS) is software that is solely responsible for creating, controlling, maintaining, and use of a database. DBMS may be defined as a folder that manages data in a database rather than saving a file in the system.

Q2. Define an RDBMS?

RDBMS abbreviates for Relational Database Management System. It is categorized with the storage of data into a compilation of tables, which are linked by similar topics between the columns of a table. It aids the user with relational operators to influence the data stored in the tables.

Q3. Describe SQL?

SQL abbreviates to Structured Queried Language and aids the operator to communicate with the database. It is a standard operating language that helps execute responsibilities such as recovery, updating, incorporating, and expunging data from the database.

Q4. Define a Database?

It is a structured table of data made to easily access, store, retrieve, and manage data.

Q5. Describe MySQL?

It is a multi-threaded, multiuser structured query language database management system with more than 11 million installations across the globe. The language is the second most well-known and popularly used open-source database programming in use.

MySQL is an oracle-sponsored relational database management system (RDBMS) built on structured query language. It is supported by several operating systems which include Windows, LINUX, iOS, etc.

Q6. My SQL has been written in which language?

C & C++ are the languages in which MySQL has been written

Q7. Mention the technical specifications of MySQL?

Below are the technical specifications of MySQL:-

Drivers

Flexible structure

Geospatial support

Graphical tools

JSON support

OLTP and transactions

High performance

Manageable and easy to use

MySQL Enterprise Monitor

MySQL Enterprise Security

Replication and high availability

Security & storage management

Q8. Describe the difference between SQL and MySQL?

SQL stands for structured query language and is used to interact with databases like MySQL

MySQL is a database management system used for the structured storage of data

A PHP script is needed to store and mine data from this database

SQL is a computer language whereas MySQL is an application

SQL is used for the creation of various Database Management Systems (DBMS)

Q9. Distinguish between the database and a table?

There are 4 noticeable differences between a database & a table:-

Tables showcase structured data in a database, whereas a database is a collection of tables

Tables are grouped with relations to create a dataset; the dataset forms the database.

Data stored in the table in any form is part of the database, but the other way around is not possible.

A table is a collection of rows and columns used to store data, whereas a database is a collection of organized data and features used to access tables.

Q10. Distinguish between Tables and fields?

A table is a compilation of cells that are structured in a model which eventually form tables and rows. Columns may be categorized as a vertical collection of cells and rows may be categorized as a horizontal collection of cells.

There is also a reference to the cells laid out in a column to create an entity also termed a field once a header is provided to the so-called column.

A field may have several rows which may constitute a record.

E.g.

Table name:- Employee

Field name’s:- Emp ID, Emp Name, Date of Birth

Data:- 2866, Daniel Decker, 29/02/1984

Q11. What is the purpose of using a MySQL database server?

Below are some of the reasons why MySQL server is so famous with its users:-

MySQL is an open-source database management system that is free of charge for private developers and small enterprises.

MySQL’s community is vast and supportive, thus any issues faced are resolved at the earliest.

Has multiple stable versions available

It extremely quick, dependable and is beginner-friendly

The download is free of cost

Q12. Describe the various tables present in MySQL?

There are majorly 5 tables present in MySQL: –

MyISAM

Heap

Merge

INNO DB

ISAM

Q13. How can an Operator install MySQL?

There are multiple ways of installing MySQL in one’s system, but the best way to do it is manual. The manual installation allows the user to gain a better understanding of the system and aids in an additional grasp of the database. There are several benefits linked to the manual installation of MySQL:-

Reinstalling, creating backups, or moving databases can be achieved in less than a minute.

Provides precise control over how and when MySQL closes or starts.

MySQL can even be installed in a USB drive

Q14. How can a user check the MySQL version?

In WINDOWS MySQL command-line tool shows the version information without using any flags, but for a piece of more detailed information the operator may always feed in the below-mentioned command

MySQL> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE “%version%”.

and it will show a detailed discretion of the version of SQL that the user is using.

Q15. How to add columns in MySQL?

Several cells in a table are what may constitute a column and a set of cells in a column constitutes a row. To add columns in MySQL, the following statement of ALTER TABLE may be used:

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD COLUMN column_name column_definition [FIRST|AFTER existing_column].

Q16. In MySQL how can you delete a table?

The drop table statement not only removes the data in the table, but it also removes the structure and definition from the database permanently. Thus, the user needs to be extremely careful whilst using this command, the reason is that once deleted there is no recovery option in MySQL. The command is as follows:-

DROP TABLE table_name

Q17. Define a Primary Key?

A primary Key may be described as a compilation of fields that meticulously define a row. This is a Unique Key and has an unspoken NOT NULL constraint, implicating Primary keys cannot have NULL values.

Q18. Define a Unique Key?

This key provides a separately pre-defined constraint that exclusively distinguishes every record in the database which insinuates a distinctiveness for the column or the set of columns.

Q19. Define a Foreign Key?

This is a key that can be linked to the Primary Key of another table. Connections need to be fabricated between the two tables by providing a reference to the foreign key with the primary key of another table.

Q20. Describe a Join?

It is a keyword utilized to question data from multiple tables established on the connections between the fields of the table. Keys play a crucial part when JOINs are employed.

Q21. Describe the multiple ‘JOIN’ and explain each?

JOIN’s are tools that help the user retrieve data and depend on the links between tables. Following are the types of ‘JOIN’ used in SQL:-

Inner JOIN – This JOIN is used to return rows with at least a single match of rows between tables

Right, JOIN – This JOIN helps return rows that are similar between tables and all rows of the right-hand side table. To simplify this JOIN returns all rows from the right-hand side table irrespective of any matches from the left-hand side table.

Left JOIN – This JOIN helps return rows that are similar between tables and all rows of the left-hand side table. To simplify this JOIN returns all rows from the left-hand side table irrespective of any matches from the right-hand side table.

Full JOIN – This JOIN returns rows if there are any similar rows in any of the tables. So basically, this JOIN returns all the rows from both the right-hand and left-hand side tables.

Q22. Define Normalization?

It is the procedure of reducing redundancies and dependencies by structuring fields and tables of a database. The primary motive of ‘Normalization’ is to add, modify, and delete that can be merged into a single table.

Q23. Define De-Normalization?

It is a method employed to gain access to data from higher to lower normal types of databases. It is also a way of implementing redundancy into a table by integrating data from the correlated tables.

Q24. Distinguish the multiple normalizations?

Normalizations may be dissected into 5 forms:-

First Normal Form (1NF) :- It helps in eliminating all identical columns from a table which aids the formation of tables for the associated data and recognition of distinctive columns.

Second Normal Form (2NF):– Meeting all the obligations of the 1NF. Retaining the subsets of data in separate tables and the creation of relations between tables using primary keys.

Third Normal Form (3NF):– This shall meet all the constraints of 2NF and eradicate the columns which are not reliant on the primary key limits.

Fourth Normal Form (4NF):– Meeting all the obligations of the 3NF and it shall not have multi-valued dependencies.

Q25. Define a View?

The view is a computer-generated table that comprises a subsection of data enclosed in a table. Views are NOT virtually present and require a lesser amount of storage capacity. The view can have data of one or more tables pooled in one and depends on the connection.

Q26. Define an Index?

An index is a routine tweaking method to permit faster reclamation of records from a table. An Index designs an entry for every value which makes data recovery quicker.

Q27. Describe the distinct kinds of Indexes?

There are primarily 3 types of Index’s:-

Unique Index – This style of Indexing does not grant the field to have identical values if the column is uniquely indexed. This Index can be used spontaneously once the primary key is defined.

Clustered Index – This style of index rearranges the raw order of the table and searches based on key values. Each table may consist of only one Clustered Index.

Non-Clustered Index – Non-Clustered Index does not modify the raw order of the table and retains the plausible order of data. Each table may consist of 999 non-clustered indexes.

Q28. Define a Cursor?

A database cursor is a command which facilitates a cross-over of the rows/records in a table. This may be visible as a hint to one row in a collection of rows. It is extremely useful for traversing the retrieval, addition, and removal of database archives.

Q29. Define a Database relationship and what are they in SQL?

It is defined as the link between the tables in a database. There are several database-based relationships, and they are as follows:-

One to One relationship

To Many relationships

Many to One relationship

Self-referencing relationship

Q30. Describe a Query?

A database query is a code created to recover information from the database. The query may be fabricated in a way to match the user’s expectation of the result set which may simply be a question to the database.

Q31. Describe a Subquery?

As the word describes, it is a query inside a query. The exterior query is known as the – Main Query and the innermost query is called a Subquery. Subqueries are forever implemented first and the outcome from the Subquery is then passed on to the main query.

Q32. Describe the types of Subqueries?

There are majorly 2 styles of subqueries:-

Correlated Subquery – These cannot be considered as independent queries but may refer to the column in a table listed in the FROM the list of the main query.

Non-Correlated Subquery – These may be considered as independent queries and the output of these subqueries may be substituted in the main query.

Q33. Define a Stored Procedure?

This procedure is a function that comprises several SQL statements to access the DBMS. Multiple SQL statements are compiled into a ‘Stored Procedure’ and may be employed anywhere as per requirement basis.

Q34. Define a ‘Trigger’?

The trigger is a code that automatically executes with some event on a table or with a view in a database. E.g., On the joining of a new hire, new records need to be entered in fields like employee ID, Name, Date of birth, etc.

Q35. Distinguish between DELETE and TRUNCATE commands?

DELETE command is utilized to delete rows from the table and a WHERE clause may be applied for a provisional set of considerations. Commit and Rollback may be executed post deletion of the statement.

TRUNCATE deletes every row from the table. Truncate control cannot be turned backward.

Q36. Define Local and global variables and describe their disparities?

Local variables are the variables that can be applied or occur within the function. They are unknown to the other functions and cannot be referred to or utilized. Variables can be established whenever the functions are called.

Global variables are the variables that can be employed or be present all over the program. An identical variable proclaimed in a global variable cannot be utilized in functions. Global variables cannot be established whenever a particular function is called.

Q37. Define a CONSTRAINT?

A constraint may be employed to restrict the data type of a table. It may also be specified at the time of creating or altering the table. Some examples of constraints are:-

NOT NULL

CHECK

DEFAULT

UNIQUE

PRIMARY KEY

FOREIGN KEY

Q38. Define Data Integrity?

It defines the precision and consistency of the data stored in a database. It may also identify integrity constraints to implement business guidelines on the data when it is registered into the application or database.

Q39. Describe auto Increment?

This enables the operator to fabricate a new number to be generated when a record is inserted into the table. AUTOINCREMENT keyword may be used in Oracle and IDENTITY keyword may be used in an SQL SERVER.

This keyword is used when the primary key is used.

Q40.Distinguish between Cluster and Non-Cluster Index?

Cluster Index is employed for the convenient recovery of data from the database by adjusting the way the records are stored. A database sorts out rows by columns which are destined to be Clustered Index.

A non-Clustered Index does not adjust the way data was stored in the database, rather fabricates a completely different entity inside the table. It usually points back to the original table rows after investigating.

Q41. Describe a Datawarehouse?

It is a fundamental storehouse of data from numerous data sources. Data are collected, transformed, and made available for mining and online processing. Warehouse data have a subcategory of data dubbed as Data Mart.

Q42. Define a Self-Join?

It is a query employed to evaluate itself. It is utilized to assess values in a column with other values in the same column and table.

Q43. Define a Cross-Join?

Cross join describes as a query to calculate the results of the number of rows in the first table multiplied by several rows in the second table. If a WHERE clause is applied in a cross join, then the query will act like an INNER JOIN.

Q44. Describe User Defined functions and their types?

User-defined functions are fabricated to create logic whenever required. It is not required to write the same logic multiple times. Rather, the function may be called or deployed at any given point in time.

There are 3 styles of User-defined functions:-

Scalar Functions – returns unit, return clause defined by variant

Inline table-valued functions, return table as a return

Multi-statement valued functions returns table as a return

Q45. Describe Collation?

It describes as a compilation of guidelines that establish how character data may be categorized and compared. It can be used to assess A and other language characters, also depending on the width of the characters.

all values may be used to compare these character data.

Q46. Describe the distinct styles of Collation sensitivity?

These are the different types of collation sensitivities:-

Case Sensitivity – A & a, and B & b.

Accent Sensitivity

Kana Sensitivity – Japanese Kana characters.

Width Sensitivity – Single-byte & double-byte character.

Q47. Define recursive Stored Procedure?

A stored procedure that demands by itself until it achieves some kind of boundary condition. This recursive function or procedure helps computer operators use the identical set of codes ‘n’ number of times.

Q48. How can a user add foreign keys in MySQL?

This is the key to linking one or more tables together in MySQL. It helps in matching the primary key field of another table to connect the two tables. It allows the user to have a parent-child relationship within the tables. This can be executed either way:-

Using the CREATE TABLE command

Using the ALTER TABLE command

Following is the syntax used to define a foreign key using CREATE or ALTER TABLE

[CONSTRAINT constraint_name]

FOREIGN KEY [foreign_key_name] (col_name, …)

           REFERENCES parent_tbl_name (col_name, …)

Q49. Describe how can the user create a database in MySQL workbench?

To do so the initial step would be to:-

launch the MySQL workbench and log in using a username and password

Choose the Schema menu from the navigation tab

Right-click under the schema menu and pick the ‘Create Schema’ option.

Or

Click on the database icon ( similar to a barrel)

A new dialog box would appear

After filling in all the details in the dialog box

Click on Apply and Finish to complete the database creation.

Q50. How can the user create a Table in MySQL workbench?

Launch the MySQL workbench

Go to the navigation tab

Choose the ‘Schema Menu’ which will showcase all the previously created databases

Select any database and right-click on it

In the sub-menus, we need to select the tables option

Right-click on the tables sub-menu

Choose ‘Create table Option’

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