#winebible

[plangentia]

PY Un 267

.1 o-do-ke , a-ko-so-ta

.2 tu-we-ta , a-re-pa-zo-o

.3 tu-we-a , a-re-pa-te ‚

.4 ze-so-me-no ‚

.5 ko-ri-a2-da-na a ro m 6

.6 ku-pa-ro2 a ro m 6 *1̣5̣7̣ 1̣6

.7 KAPO 2T 5 VIN 20 ME 2

.8 LANA 2 VINb 2

Translation

Thus Alksoitas gave: To Thyestes, the unguent boiler aromatic substances for unguent to (be) boil(ed): coriander SPICE 6 cyperus SPICE 6 *157 16 FENUGREEK 2T5 WINEA 20 ME 2 WOOL 2 WINEB 2

Commentary

This tablet contains more than 2000 litres of aromatic materials – likely for restocking rather than one particular perfume.

o-do-ke – ho doke – “thus X gave.” Introductory particle o/jo and the unaugmented aorist of δίδωμι. This is more likely to be a delivery than a gift.

a-ko-so-ta – Alksoitas. Believed to be one of the chief officials at Pylos. It has been suggested that this might be the identity of Hand 1.

tu-we-ta – Thuestai – “to Thyestes”. Dative singular of a personal name. This seems to be an aptonym fitting the man’s profession, since tu-we-a means “aromatics.”

a-re-pa-zo-o – aleiphazoos - “unguent boiler”. Compound of two stems: ἄλειφαρ  – “unguent” and ζέω “boil.” Unguent boiling was the technique of boiling olive oil with spices and other materials to infuse it with their scents and properties.

tu-we-a – theuha – “aromatic substances” – accusative plural of an s-stem neuter plural. Oldest alphabetic instance of θύος means “burnt offering,” but Homer uses it to qualify ‘perfumed’ oil.

a-re-pa-te – aleiphatei – “for unguent.” Dative singular of purpose.

ze-so-me-no – zessomenoi – “to (be) boil(ed).” Dative future middle participle. Originally -ss- because the s survives between vowels. This is middle in form, but likely passive in meaning. The -θη- element of the future and aorist passive is a post-Mycenaean innovation and thus we cannot differentiate middle and passive participles in these tenses.

ko-ri-a2-da-na – korihadna - “coriander.” Also written ko-ri-ja.

AROM – generic ideogram for commodities measured by dry units and do not have their own ideogram.

ku-pa-ro2 – kuparyos – cyperus. Cf. κύπαριος, κύπειρον. A reed related to papyrus. Used for banquets, perfume, and animal fodder in Linear B tablets.

*157 – unknown ideogram.

KAPO – monogram of the two syllabogram KA+PO or PO+KA. This sometimes means karpos – “fruit,” but seems unlikely here. Here Killen interprets KAPO as karphos – “fenugreek@ Could also mean “bark.” Classical Greek κάρφος.

VIN – wine. Used in unguents according to Greek authors. Two different ideograms differing in their number of vertical lines and represent two different products. WINEB must be a liquid akin to wine, but hard to identify. WINEB is described as sweet on some tablets, so maybe this is wine that has only partially fermented. Perhabs WINEA is fully fermented then?

LANA – wool. Unusual for making unguent? But raw wool is rich in grease (lanolin), which Greek authors describe as one of the ingredients used for the making of unguents. (Killen) ME – honey. Abbreviation for me-ri (μέλι).

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