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The Trans Law Center (hereafter TLC) is a national organization led by transgender people that advocates for worldwide change for transgender rights (Yacka-Bible, 2021). In relation to the Social Change Model (hereafter SCM) presented by Komives, the TLC operates to further gender education and provide transgender and gender-variant individuals with a variety of resources-- "areas including employment, prison conditions, education, immigration, and healthcare"-- (Yacka-Bible, 2021) using the seven C's of social change (Komives, 2009). The TLC stresses the need for change for transgender and gender non-conforming individuals by challenging historically transphobic systems worldwide, with a particular emphasis on legal systems (Yacka-Bible, 2021). The TLC is community based, which fosters the need for citizenship as described in the SCM: "active community engagement as a result of a sense of responsibility" to the transgender and gender non-conforming communities (Komives, 2009, p. 150). The TLC services work in collaboration with transgender individuals, with a focal point on transgender people of color, to seek justice and liberation for all transgender people (Komives, 2009). With collaborative work, common purpose is vital to success (Komives, 2009); founded in 2002, the TLC is comprised of transgender leaders with the common purpose to further trans rights globally (Yacka-Bible, 2021). As described in the SCM, collaborative work also requires controversy with civility, consciousness of self, congruence, and commitment (Komives, 2009). The TLC makes a point to consider these pillars of social change by providing support groups, different kinds of legal services, and staff members working together despite possible differing perspectives (Yacka-Bible, 2021). With the work that the TLC has done in nearly two decades, they have effectively spread awareness about anti-trans violence, transphobia in educational and work spaces, and offered a variety of services to those most affected (Yacka-Bible, 2021). It is imperative that this work and likewise organizations continue to collaborate and push for change and justice to reach liberation for transgender and gender non-conforming peoples.

Komives, S. R., & Wagner, W. (2009). Leadership for a Better World: Understanding the Social Change Model of Leadership Movement. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Yacka-Bible, S., & Castro, A. (Eds.). (2021). Transgender Law Center. https://transgenderlawcenter.org/about#mission-vision.

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In this video, educator Jo Codde shares her expertise and advice on furthering the healthcare rights for transgender and gender non-conforming individuals. As a transgender woman herself, Codde shares her adverse experiences with ever-present transphobia in the healthcare field and how to change this issue.

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The Policy Paycheck Podcast: Transgender Healthcare

In this episode, host Serena Allen invites a guest speaker, Dr. LaVonna Lewis to talk about the importance of transgender healthcare accessibility. Allen and Lewis discuss the problems with data collection on transgender statistics and inconsistencies within the standards of care. One statistic that was highlighted is that the life expectancy for a transgender woman of color is only 35 years old, which is much younger than most populations (Allen, 2020). Several reasons for this short life expectancy include transphobic and racial violence, suicide, healthcare and employment access, and delays in treatment due to a lack of coverage (Allen, 2020). There is not a singular factor or source for the low life expectancy, but rather the compounding effects of all factors described above. In short, the society we live in now is unsafe for transgender people in a variety of ways.

Here is the link for the podcast episode: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/transgender-healthcare/id1505624956?i=1000488027810

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Academic Perspectives on Transgender Healthcare Rights

Transgender healthcare is vital to the health and well-being of transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals.  Gender-affirming healthcare mitigates the effects of gender dysphoria, which has shown to be detrimental to the mental health of transgender people.  An organization that has been a trailblazer in transgender healthcare rights is the Transgender Health Program in Boston, Massachusetts, specifically as part of Fenway Health (Reisner, 2015).  The program started to meet the clinical needs of transgender people and works to advocate for and promote “social justice and health equity for transgender people” (Reisner, 2015).  Fenway Health was established “as a grassroots clinic in 1971” in Boston “as part of a grassroots effort in the heyday of political activism” (Reisner, 2015).  In the 1980s, “Fenway’s response to the AIDS epidemic included the development of the first community-based HIV research program in New England”, which led to the creation of the Fenway Health Institute, which serves as an inclusive community health center (Reisner, 2015).  Along the way, the institute and its programs have made changes to progress the individual rights of trans people; “in 2007, Fenway implemented a modified informed consent model for” gender-affirming therapy (Reisner, 2015).  These modifications helped further the availability “of accessible, holistic, gender-affirming, and multidisciplinary model of transgender care” (Reisner, 2015).  Along with healthcare services, the Fenway Institute has continued to progress research, education, training, and advocacy for the rights of transgender and gender non-conforming peoples (Reisner, 2015).  Continuing to make progress in these avenues will continue to improve transgender lives and mental health.

On the other hand, there are plenty of individuals who do not support transgender rights, particlularly in terms of healthcare.  There are several organizations and politicians who are working in opposition to transgender healthcare rights.  A survey conducted in 2015, it was revealed that, of the pool of responses, the results varied quite a bit.  The majority of voters opposed “allowing Medicare to pay for a transgender person’s hormone therapy” and gender-affirming biological surgery (Miller, 2016).  This exemplifies that there could be underlying political biases against gender-affirming individuals within the largest medical organizations such as Medicare.  Furthermore, for hormone therapy, only 14.41% of respondents were supportive, while about 59.41% opposed; on the grounds of surgery, even fewer respondents were supportive, with only 12.25% in support and 63.04% of informants opposed (Miller, 2016).  This data shows the explicit and dangerous biases against transgender individuals as the majority of respondents believe that trans people should pay for their healthcare out-of-pocket.  As a result, those who do not have the funds would not be able to afford the healthcare services they need.  This is significant because the lives and livelihoods of transgender and gender non-conforming peoples depend the availability of these services; without them, transgender people are more likely to harm themselves or attempt suicide.  With that, it is important to continue having conversations about the significance of transgender healthcare; if people continue to stay silent, progress cannot be made.  As a society, it is imperative that progress in support of transgender healthcare rights continues because transgender rights are human rights.

Miller, P. R., Flores, A. R., Haider-Markel, D. P., Lewis, D. C., Tadlock, B. L., & Taylor, J. K. (2016). Transgender politics as body politics: Effects of disgust sensitivity and authoritarianism on transgender rights attitudes. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 5(1), 4-24. Retrieved May 20, 2020, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21565503.2016.1260482?casa_token=6LwtL2dXpXgAAAAA%3AyAnZsFt0sEmGWW8XuqEJlc_anaufc1OuXERF8aicL-4J0fim2qJEZihva5JFB16jmODO3a5VDl4Hpw

Reisner, S. L., Bradford, J., Hopwood, R., Gonzalez, A., Makadon, H., Todisco, D., . . . Mayer, K. (2015). Comprehensive Transgender Healthcare: The Gender Affirming Clinical and Public Health Model of Fenway Health. J. Urban Health, 92(3), 584-592. Retrieved May 20, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456472/

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Pan, L. (2021). Visibility - Tser. Trans Student Educational Resources. https://transstudent.org/graphics/transvisibility/.

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Interview with TransActive Gender Project Founder, Jenn Burleton

On May 5, 2021, Mariasha Self and Skye Thomson conducted an interview with TransActive Gender Project founder Jenn Burleton.

Thomson: How long have you been working with the TransActive Gender Project?

Burleton: I founded TransActive in 2007, which was fourteen years ago.

Thomson: What do you do at TransActive?

Burleton: We have been working to provide support groups, legal services, and gender-affirmative healthcare to youth ages 4-18 and adults.  We do a lot of training with our staff about gender-neutral language, affirmative care, and conflict resolutions.  We also focus on advocacy for transgender individuals in multiple avenues, including legal and healthcare avenues.

Thomson: What are your opinions and TransActive’s opinions on the newest wave of anti-trans legislation that has been negotiated and/or passed around the country?

Burleton: We believe that this legislation is a human rights violation, a crime against humanity, and will result in death amongst transgender and nonbinary youths.  In other words, we are in vehement opposition to this legislation.

Thomson: Do transphobic sentiments exist and/or present themselves in the Portland area?

Burleton: Fortunately, Oregon’s legislature is fairly progressive in terms of transgender rights and typically shuts down any ideas or bills related to transphobia or blocking access to healthcare, sports, and beyond.  In terms of laws and regulations, Oregon is one of the safest states in the country for transgender individuals.  On the other hand, there are a fair amount of individuals and independent groups that hold transphobic ideologies, just like every state in the US.  However, we and plenty more organizations are working to continue to provide a safe, stable, and affirming environment for transgender individuals and thankfully, our state’s legislation coincides with these goals.

Thomson: What can we, as individuals, do to further support the rights of transgender individuals, in Oregon, states with transphobic legislation, and beyond?

Burleton: The first step is awareness.  If people do not know about why legislation of this nature is harmful, then they will not know why is it so important to advocate against it.  Write-in campaigns are another way.  One important thing to note is that oftentimes, legislators do not listen to voices of people out of state, which can make inter-state resistance difficult.  Also, we must celebrate and advocate for gender-creative, gender-exploratory, and gender-fabulous kids.  If the advocacy starts at a young age, it will result in a less traumatic adulthood, a decrease in mental health issues, and more confidence throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood for transgender individuals.

Burleton, J. (2021, May 5). Interview with TransActive Gender Project Founder [Online interview].

Long, H. (2012). Professional Headshot [Photo of TransActive Founder Jenn Burleton]. Retrieved May 11, 2021, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jenn_Burleton.jpg

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Stakeholders of Transgender Rights

On the grounds of transgender rights advocacy and supporters, there are quite a few stakeholders, from individuals, to non-profit organizations, to legislators, and so on.  TransActive Gender Project, which operates through the Lewis & Clark College, is one of the many organizations in Oregon that promotes gender equity, diversity, and inclusion.  TransActive works to provide support for transgender and gender non-conforming individuals with support groups, legal services, and gender-affirming healthcare, including mental health support.  These services are necessary for alleviating gender dysphoria for transgender individuals; support in all avenues leads to a better quality of life and well-being for transgender peoples.

There are a host of issues that hinder the advancement of human rights in general, and particularly for transgender rights.  On an international level, it has proven difficult to collaborate and unite to progress transgender rights for a variety of reasons.  These include safety concerns, backlash from conservatives and media, complex cultural differences, and barriers to spreading information, finances, and collaboration (Jones, 2016).  On a local level, availability of resources and services has negatively impacted trans people’s mental health.  While Oregon is a comparatively progressive and supportive state, there are plenty of groups, individuals, and rural areas that oppose these views (Burleton, 2021).

On the other hand, it can be exceedingly difficult to reach across the aisle and hold conversations with those who support anti-trans healthcare legislation, especially those who flat out refuse to accept the differences between biological sex and gender.  In these cases, introducing the topic of gender-affirming care may be more effective by explaining the impact of a lack of this care and other avenues of support.  For example, in 2016 and 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported a shortage of injectable estrogen with a vague explanation as to why this shortage occurred (Geffen, 2018).  Gender affirming care has proven vital for trans people; “studies have shown that gender affirmative care including hormone therapy can improve psychological adjustment and quality of life, including reduced anxiety and depression, higher self-esteem, and improved social functioning” (Geffen, 2018).  Such shortage could prove detrimental to the health of transgender people, whether they have begun hormone therapy or waiting to begin for a variety of reasons (Geffen, 2018).

In order to improve the lives of transgender and gender non-conforming individuals requires difficult conversations and collaborative work.  This work demands people to open their minds, broaden their perspectives, and work hard through adversities and barriers, both structural and interpersonal.  Solutions could be introduced through multi-level leadership, building alliances, transgender representation in the structural and societal systems, aid in legal and financial aspects, and visibility of trans people and their families and allies.  Without visibility and raising awareness, it is quite difficult to convey the importance of gender affirming healthcare for transgender and gender non-confirming individuals.

Burleton, J. (2021, May 5). Interview with TransActive Gender Project Founder [Online interview].

Geffen, S., Horn, T., Smith, K. J., & Cahill, S. (2018). Advocacy for Gender Affirming Care: Learning from the Injectable Estrogen Shortage. Transgender Health, 3(1), 42-44. Retrieved May 6, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5908424/

Jones, T. (2016). Researching and Working for Transgender Youth: Contexts, Problems and Solutions (M. Mayberry & L. Hanson, Eds.). Social Sciences, 5(3), 43. Retrieved May 6, 2021, from https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/5/3/43/htm

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Two News Articles & Two Differing Views

1. An inconcsistent track record with passing and vetoing legislation in relation to transgender rights and well-being poses for questions about Governor Asa Hutchinson’s perspective.  As a member of the Republican Party in Arkansas, Hutchinson has vetoed signed two pieces of legislation that restrict transgender individuals from participating in sports and some restrictions on healthcare access.  However, Hutchinson recently vetoed a bill that would put an outrights ban on gender-affirming healthcare for transgender youth.  Unfortunately, however, the Arkansas legislature has overridden the governor’s veto, which means that this legislation has become law in Arkansas.  Prior to the declaration of the override, however, Hutchinson was interviewed by Breitbart to discuss his choices on the latest legislation on transgender rights.  When asked about his signature regarding banning transgender women from playing on women’s sports teams, Hutchinson explained that he is “trying to protect women’s sports” (Key, 2021).  By saying “protect women’s sports”, Hutchinson is creating a divide between transgender women and cisgender women (Key, 2021).  He is singling out and invalidating the womanhood of trans women by saying that, due to their biology, they should not be allowed to participate in a sport with their same-gendered peers.  This legislation is essentially telling trans women that others people’s discomfort matters more than their opportunities for participating in sports teams.  While Hutchinson may not be explicitly stating these perspectives, there are lots of people who share these perspectives and agree with Hutchinson’s signatures.  In other words, signing this bill creates more fuel for transphobic biases, both implicit and explicit.  Hutchinson explained that he supports a doctor’s decision to deny transgender individuals the necessary healthcare on the grounds of “supporting medical conscience” (Key, 2021).  In other words, the governor is allowing doctors who have transphobic biases to deny gender-affirming healthcare to transgender individuals.  This creates an environment that allows professionals to deny their service based on their biases, which works to protect transphobic perspectives, not transgender individuals.  Instead of allowing transphobia to continue in the medical field, educating doctors and showing how biases affect the lives of transgender people would move the issue forward.  This legislative action seems to support going backwards and avoids accountability and puts up walls instead of increasing bridging social capital.  This veto says that transgender youth should have access to gender-affirmming healthcare, and that it is inappropriate for the government to step in on this issue.  Hutchinson goes on to explain that this legislation is interfering “with the government getting into the lives of transgender youth as well as their parents and the decisions that doctors make” (Key, 2021).  Hutchinson explains that this government interference opposes his Republican views of the role of government; he says that legislation such as this focuses on controlling the decisions made between individuals, families, and doctors (Key, 2021).  This decision supports the rights of transgender healthcare, which is vital.  However, the stark contrast in reasoning between this bill and the bill regarding medical conscience seems contradictory.  As previously mentioned, signing the other bill regarding transgender healthcare provides space for transphobic biases in the healthcare workplace.  If Hutchinson wants the best for transgender people, allowing for biases against them in any aspect goes directly against that statement.

Key, P. (2021, April 11). Hutchinson on Transgender Bill: Republicans who Fear the Future are Misusing the 'Instrument of the Law'. Retrieved April 29, 2021, from https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2021/04/11/hutchinson-on-transgender-bill-republicans-who-fear-the-future-are-misusing-the-instrument-of-the-law/

2. The Arkansas legislature has overridden a veto by Governor Asa Hutchinson that directly targets transgender individuals seeking gender-affirming healthcare.  Named the “Save Adolescents From Experimentation (SAFE) Act”, this law “prohibits physicians from providing hormone therapy and puberty blockers to young people” (Reynolds, 2021).  This law applies to any trans youth who has already started gender-affirming care, which may be critical and detrimental to the youth’s health (Reynolds, 2021).  Although the extent of harm that would be caused is unknown, it is well-known that this legislation will be detrimental to the mental health of trans youth.  Several organizations around the country have come out against the legislation, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (Reynolds, 2021).  In fact, Dr. Gary Wheeler, who serves as the president of the AAP’s Arkansas chapter, has been outspoken about his disappointment and disagreement with the newest legislation, stating that “uninformed politicians ‘cherry pick’ information in legislative committees, misread journal papers, and use outdated data while ‘overlooking what is clearly detrimental to these children, which is the systemic legislative bullying of a class of individuals that causes harm to them’” (Reynolds, 2021).  For example, on of the SAFE Act’s primary sponsors, Republican Rep. Robin Lundstrum, cited a study conducted in 2011 saying that, “after gender confirmation surgery, transgender people were more likely to consider suicide and have mental health issues”; however, this same study stated that gender-affirming surgery “helped alleviate gender dysphoria” amongst transgender people (Reynolds, 2021).  This law is incredibly disheartening that politicians create laws such as the SAFE Act at the expense of other people’s livelihoods, well-being, and safety.  It shows an obvious lack of empathy and compassion for others and immense bias against trans individuals.  According to the Human Rights Campaign (HRC), about 82 anti-trans bills have been proposed or passed in 30 different states within the past year, which is a record (Reynolds, 2021).  From the perspective of the state, passing a bill of this nature would hurt them economically and reputationally, which seems counterintuitive from a legislative standpoint (Reynolds, 2021).  For example, North Carolina’s so-called “bathroom bill” has cost the state “around $3.76 billion in lost business over the past twelve years” as a result of this law (Reynolds, 2021).  A similar future could play out in Arkansas if this legislation stands, which sounds like taking steps backwards.  Fortunately, the ACLU has come out in a statement “vowing to support trans kids and fight the Arkansas legislation in court” (Reynolds, 2021).  In fact, the ACLU Arkansas chapter’s president, Holly Dickson stated that banning gender-affirming healthcare “not only wrong, it’s also illegal” (Reynolds, 2021).  Politicians have to look past their closest scope of references and broaden their horizons on whose perspectives they listen to because that is in their job description.  Simply put, legislation like this is the opposite of a productive goal, such as to move forward in a progressive and inclusive manner.

Reynolds, D. (2021, April 14). Why Arkansas Anti-Trans Law Is So Dangerous for LGBTQIA+ Youth (1351707130 989783480 M. Gifford, Ed.). Retrieved May 1, 2021, from https://www.healthline.com/health-news/why-arkansas-anti-trans-law-is-so-dangerous-for-lgbtqia-youth

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Proper health care is vital to everyone’s long term quality of life. Illness and injury are the most obvious threats to life, however, access to gender affirming care can be critical to the lives and wellbeing of transgender people. Trans people are people who do not identify with the gender they are assigned at birth. While this in itself is not an issue, an inability to be perceived and accepted as their true gender often causes trans individuals large amounts of stress and distress. This manifests in a wide variety of ways, one of the most common being a discomfort or disdain for one’s secondary sex characteristics. This is commonly known as gender dysphoria, and it is often incredibly painful. The best and only cure for gender dysphoria is transition, the process of beginning to present as one’s true gender. The process of transition can include voice training, the process of learning to speak with a cadence and tone more often attributed to one’s true gender, changing how one dresses, learning to use different body language, and medical transition. Medical transition is the process of changing a person’s body directly to more closely match their true gender. Medical transition can include hormone replacement therapy, in which one sex hormone’s production is blocked, and another sex hormone is added to the body, and gender affirming surgery, the altering of a person’s body in order to give them characteristics attributed to their true gender, or to remove characteristics of their assigned gender.

Transition is important for trans people, not only because it decreases feelings of gender dysphoria, but because it allows trans people to be seen and accepted for who they really are. This is incredibly important because trans people are overall in greater danger of developing mental health issues, especially depression, due to a combination of gender dysphoria and widespread discrimination and oppression. For example, according to Mental Health National, LGBT youth as a whole experience depressive symptoms at a rate six times greater than straight youth.

This increased prevalence of depression can be deadly in trans communities. Mental Health National reported that forty eight percent of trans adults in the United States considered committing suicide in 2017, despite only four percent of all adults in the United States feeling the same. The Centre for Suicide Prevention reported that in 2015, between twenty two and forty three percent of trans people had attempted suicide at least once throughout their lives, and that even within the LGBT community, trans people are two times more likely than cis LGBT people to attempt suicide. Mental health issues are particularly concerning for trans youth. According to the Centre for Suicide Prevention, sixty six percent of trans youth practiced self harm in 2015, and Mental Health America has said that trans youth are twice as likely as cis youth to experience suicidal thoughts, and are four times as likely to act on those thoughts.

Given the dangerous and deadly nature of trans mental health concerns, it seems clear that the best course of action is to help to diminish the factors that contribute to high rates of mental illness in trans people. For the community at large, this would involve taking steps to prevent and protect trans people from discrimination and oppression, and at an individual level, this would involve providing greater access to transition related medical care to trans individuals, especially trans youth. Many lawmakers are however, doing the exact opposite of this right now. On April eighth of this year, Arkansas passed a law banning transition related healthcare for trans youth, and the governments of fifteen other states proposed similar laws. These laws are designed to prevent the parents, guardians, and doctors of trans children from being legally allowed to aid in their children’s transition. These laws are framed as intending to protect children, but in reality, these laws are designed to legally erase the existence of trans children. Medical transition has been shown time and time again to save lives. For instance, the Center for Suicide Prevention reports that a 2014 study in the United Kingdom found that in a survey of transitioning trans people, sixty seven percent of people were more suicidal before or near the beginning of their transition and less suicidal after their transition, as to only three percent who were more suicidal after their transition. Because medical transition improves the quality of life and mental health of trans people, and decreases their chances of attempting suicide, blocking access to that care will inevitably end lives.

Saving and improving the lives of children, and all trans people is a cause worth fighting for, and as such opposition to this legislation is encouraged. This blog is focused specifically on the fight to prevent bills HB 1 and SB 10 from being passed in Alabama. These bills make providing transition related healthcare to children in Alabama a crime and force schools to out trans students to their families, regardless of the issues that may arise from doing so. These bills, if passed, would therefore condemn trans youth in Alabama to childhoods of dysphoria and neglect, as well as most definitely drive some children to suicide.

Thankfully, there are many organizations actively working to protect and uplift transgender youth throughout the nation, all of which oppose this type of legislation. There are several organizations around Portland that focus on transgender individuals and families around Portland. Two highlighted organizations that provide a variety of services for transgender youth, adults, and families are the TransActive Gender Project and Outside In (Namior.org, 2021).

TransActive Gender Project

The TransActive Gender Project (TGP) is a Portland-based organization that provides “a holistic range of services and expertise to empower trans and gender nonconforming children, youth, and families” (Namior.org, 2021). The organization is based at the Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling, and focuses on advocating for transgender rights in a variety of avenues (TransActive Gender Project, 2021).

“The services provided include:

“support groups for adults, families, allies, and youth ranging 4-18 years old;

“professional development and community-centered training and education;

“advocacy related to gender-diverse social justice;

“policy development and implementation consultation and guidance,

“and screened referrals to mental health and medical providers”

(TransActive Gender Project, 2021).

Regarding the recent surge in anti-trans legislation, the TGP has come out with a statement saying, “we must continue to prepare for the ripple effects of the previous administration’s policies and attitudes towards the gender diverse community” (TransActive.org, 2021). The organization will continue to resist hate and discrimination and continue with “education, support and advocate for transgender youth and families, and continue to work against the disinformation and misinformation around anti-trans policies and practices” (TransActive.org, 2021).

Outside In

Founded in 1968, Outside In is “a coalition of medical and naturopathic doctors and interns, acupuncturists and Chinese herbalists who provide multidisciplinary care to homeless youth and low income individuals lacking health insurance in Portland” (Namoir.org, 2021). Among their work, Outside In offer services to transgender individuals (Namior.org, 2021). The Federally-Qualified Health Center offers a wide range of services including but not limited to case management, housing, meals, education, job training, and primary healthcare (Outside In, 2021).

References

American Civil Liberties Organization of Alabama. (n.d.). HB 1 / SB 10 (2021) - ANTI-TRANS YOUTH. ACLU Alabama. https://www.aclualabama.org/en/legislation/hb1-sb10-2021-anti-trans-youth

Centre for Suicide Prevention. (n.d.). Transgender people and suicide. Centre for Suicide Prevention. https://www.suicideinfo.ca/resource/transgender-people-suicide/

Cox, C. (2021, April 8). As Arkansas bans treatments for transgender youth, 15 other states consider similar bills. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/04/08/states-consider-bills-medical-treatments-transgender-youth/7129101002/

Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling. (n.d.). TransActive Gender Project. Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://graduate.lclark.edu/programs/continuing_education/transactive/

Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling. (2021). TransActive Update: Moving Ahead in 2021. Lewis & Clark Graduate School of Education and Counseling. https://graduate.lclark.edu/live/news/45482-transactive-update-moving-ahead-in-2021

Mental Health America. (n.d.). LGBTQ+ Communities And Mental Health. Mental Health America. https://www.mhanational.org/issues/lgbtq-communities-and-mental-health

National Alliance on Mental Illness . (n.d.). LGBTQ Specific - NAMI Oregon. Namior.org. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://namior.org/resources/community-resource-lists/culturally-specific-services/

Outside In. (n.d.). Outside In. Outside In. Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://outsidein.org