typicalpnwguy

[typicalpnwguy]

The Trijicon MRO:

The Trijicon MRO, or Miniature Rifle Optic, is a popular red dot sight that has gained a solid reputation among shooters for its performance, durability, and compact design. Like any optic, it comes with strengths and weaknesses that make it appealing to some users while leaving others looking for different options. Examining both the good and bad aspects of the MRO provides a balanced understanding of what it offers to the shooting community.

One of the most notable advantages of the Trijicon MRO is its durability. Trijicon has long been known for creating optics that can withstand abuse, and the MRO continues that tradition. Its rugged construction, waterproof housing, and shock resistance make it a reliable choice for harsh environments. Many shooters trust it for defensive rifles and duty use because they know it can take impacts, weather conditions, and recoil without losing zero. Durability is a key factor in any optic, and the MRO consistently delivers in this area.

Another major benefit of the MRO is its battery life. It is powered by a CR2032 battery and can run for thousands of hours on a medium setting. This long runtime means users do not need to worry about constant battery changes or failures during critical moments. The optic also offers multiple brightness settings, including options suitable for use with night vision. The ability to adapt to different lighting conditions while conserving battery power adds to its appeal.

The Trijicon MRO also provides a large field of view compared to some other micro red dot sights. The objective lens is slightly larger, which allows for quicker target acquisition and less of a “tube effect” when aiming. This wide field of view helps shooters maintain situational awareness and track moving targets more effectively. For shooters engaged in close-quarters scenarios or competitions, this is a significant advantage.

In addition, the optic is relatively lightweight and compact, making it easy to mount on a wide range of firearms without adding unnecessary bulk. Whether mounted on an AR-15, shotgun, or even a pistol caliber carbine, the MRO balances well and does not interfere with handling. Trijicon also offers a variety of mounting options, allowing users to customize height and placement to suit their preferences.

However, the Trijicon MRO is not without its downsides. One of the most frequently mentioned drawbacks is the slight distortion or “blue tint” that some users notice when looking through the optic. While it does not usually hinder performance, it can be distracting to those who prefer a perfectly clear lens. This tint is partly due to the coating used to enhance durability and reduce glare, but it remains a point of criticism.

Another drawback is the cost. While not as expensive as some high-end optics, the MRO is still pricier than many competitors in the red dot market. Budget-conscious shooters may find more affordable options that meet their needs without sacrificing too much in performance. The MRO’s price is justified by its durability and brand reputation, but it does place it out of reach for some buyers.

Some shooters also report that the adjustments, while reliable, are not as refined or tactile as those found on other optics. This does not affect zeroing once completed, but it can make fine adjustments slightly less convenient.

In conclusion, the Trijicon MRO offers a strong balance of durability, battery life, and field of view, making it an excellent choice for many shooters. Its ruggedness and trusted performance set it apart, but the blue tint, cost, and minor adjustment concerns may turn some users away. Overall, it remains a dependable optic with more strengths than weaknesses.

Brownells just got in a bunch of FDE versions plus they have the standard black ones.

[typicalpnwguy]

Flow through vs Non flow through suppressors:

Suppressors have become increasingly popular in both civilian and military applications, and in recent years two primary design concepts have gained attention: flow-through suppressors and non-flow-through suppressors. Both designs aim to reduce the sound signature of a firearm, but they achieve this goal in different ways and with different results in terms of back pressure, gas management, and overall shooting experience. Understanding the differences between the two designs requires looking at how they function, what benefits they offer, and what tradeoffs each design presents to shooters.

Non-flow-through suppressors are the traditional design that most people think of when discussing silencers. They work by trapping and slowing down the hot expanding gases that leave the barrel once a round is fired. Inside these suppressors, baffles are arranged to disrupt the flow of gases, causing them to expand, cool, and lose energy before exiting the muzzle. This results in a significant reduction in the sound signature, as the loud crack normally produced by rapidly expanding gases is suppressed. However, the main downside to non-flow-through suppressors is that they create back pressure. This occurs because the gases have no clear escape path and are forced back into the firearm’s operating system. Back pressure can cause increased wear on parts, dirtier operation due to fouling, and more gas blowback into the shooter’s face, particularly when using a semi-automatic rifle with a short barrel.

Flow-through suppressors were developed to address many of the problems associated with back pressure in traditional designs. Instead of forcing the gases to swirl and remain inside the suppressor, these designs use a carefully engineered series of channels to direct gases forward and out of the device. The gas flow is not trapped but guided in such a way that the energy is dissipated while still being vented forward. This results in lower back pressure, cleaner operation, and less gas blowback toward the shooter. Because of this, flow-through suppressors are often preferred by military and law enforcement users who fire large volumes of rounds in short periods and need their weapons to remain reliable. The reduced blowback also makes them more comfortable for shooters using short-barreled rifles or gas-operated platforms.

Despite these advantages, flow-through suppressors are not perfect. One drawback is that because they vent gases forward more aggressively, they often produce a louder perceived sound at the muzzle compared to non-flow-through models. While the overall decibel reduction may still meet industry standards, the tone and direction of the sound may feel sharper to those around the shooter. In addition, these designs are generally more complex to manufacture, which can drive up cost compared to more traditional baffle-stack suppressors. Non-flow-through suppressors, on the other hand, remain more effective at pure sound reduction, making them appealing for hunters, recreational shooters, or anyone who values maximum noise suppression over reduced back pressure.

In practice, the choice between flow-through and non-flow-through suppressors often comes down to intended use. A casual shooter who fires a few rounds at the range or hunts occasionally may prefer the quieter performance of a non-flow-through model, accepting the need for more frequent cleaning and dealing with some blowback. Meanwhile, a shooter who regularly uses a short-barreled rifle, shoots suppressed full-auto, or values reliability in adverse conditions may find the reduced back pressure of a flow-through suppressor to be a major advantage. Both designs have their place, and as suppressor technology continues to evolve, the distinction between them may blur further. Nonetheless, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each helps shooters make informed decisions about which system best fits their needs.

Whichever you choose to go with be surrounded to check out Brownells' selection of suppressors and use BOP10.

[typicalpnwguy]

SureFire 3 Prong, the G.O.A.T.?

The SureFire 3-prong AR-15 muzzle device, often referred to as the SureFire SF3P, is a flash hider designed for both professional and civilian shooters who prioritize superior flash suppression and compatibility with SureFire’s SOCOM series of suppressors. Its development reflects SureFire’s long-standing reputation for producing high-quality firearm accessories trusted by military, law enforcement, and serious enthusiasts.

Historically, the SF3P emerged as part of SureFire’s effort to provide specialized muzzle devices that met the needs of U.S. special operations forces and other tactical users. In combat environments, muzzle flash can compromise a shooter’s position at night, impair vision, and make follow-up shots more difficult. The SF3P built upon the traditional three-prong flash hider concept, which dates back to the Vietnam-era M16’s early designs, but refined it with modern engineering, premium heat-treated stainless steel, and precision manufacturing. Unlike the older M16A1 “duckbill” prongs, which could bend or ring audibly after shots, the SF3P’s robust construction and tuned geometry aimed to deliver consistent, durable, and reliable performance while also serving as a suppressor mount.

Performance-wise, the SureFire SF3P is known for exceptional flash suppression—often rated among the best in its category. Its three tines disperse hot gases effectively, breaking up the burning powder particles before they can produce a visible signature. The internal porting and shape are tuned to reduce visible muzzle flash to almost nothing, which is particularly beneficial in low-light or night operations. Another notable performance aspect is its suppressor-ready interface. The SF3P incorporates SureFire’s proprietary Fast-Attach system, allowing a shooter to quickly mount or remove a SOCOM suppressor without tools, while maintaining a secure, repeatable lockup. This makes it popular among those who alternate between suppressed and unsuppressed shooting.

One of the primary pros of the SF3P is its flash reduction capability, which helps maintain the shooter’s night vision and concealment. Its durable stainless-steel construction resists corrosion and high-heat erosion, ensuring longevity even under sustained firing. The compatibility with SureFire SOCOM suppressors is a major advantage for users who already own or plan to own one, since the device doubles as a suppressor mount, saving weight and simplifying the rifle’s setup. The SF3P is also relatively lightweight compared to some combination muzzle devices, which helps maintain rifle balance. Additionally, unlike some more aggressive muzzle brakes, the SF3P produces minimal concussion for the shooter and those nearby, making it more comfortable in close-quarters or team environments.

However, the SureFire 3-prong device also has a few cons worth noting. One is cost—SureFire products are premium-priced, and the SF3P is significantly more expensive than many other flash hiders on the market. Another consideration is that while the device is excellent at hiding flash, it offers almost no recoil mitigation compared to a dedicated muzzle brake. For shooters seeking reduced muzzle rise or felt recoil, this may require pairing the device with a different shooting technique or compensatory equipment. Also, like other open-prong flash hiders, the SF3P can sometimes produce a faint “ping” sound when fired, due to the resonation of the tines. While this is not functionally detrimental, some shooters find it distracting. Lastly, the open-prong design has the potential to snag on gear or vegetation in certain environments, though the SF3P’s profile minimizes this more than older designs.

In summary, the SureFire SF3P is a high-performance, duty-grade flash hider that blends outstanding flash suppression with rock-solid suppressor compatibility. Its durability, minimal blast signature, and proven field use make it a top-tier choice for professional and serious shooters. However, its premium cost, lack of recoil control, and open-prong quirks may make it less appealing for purely recreational shooters or those seeking a budget-friendly all-in-one muzzle device. For those who value stealth, suppressor integration, and long-term reliability, it remains one of the best in its class.

I absolutely love mine on my 12.7" retro modern A1 carry handle upper I built from Brownells. This was my first experience with one and to be honest, I'll be buying a second one for a current project.

[typicalpnwguy]

History of the MK18:

The M4 MK18, often simply referred to as the MK18, is a compact and highly specialized variant of the M4 carbine platform. Its development is closely tied to the operational needs of U.S. Special Operations Forces, particularly during the Global War on Terror. The MK18 is best known for its short-barreled configuration, usually outfitted with a 10.3-inch barrel, which makes it ideal for close-quarters battle (CQB), urban warfare, and vehicle operations. Its history reflects an ongoing pursuit of increased maneuverability without sacrificing too much ballistic performance, a balance that was particularly crucial in the post-9/11 combat environment.

The origins of the MK18 can be traced back to the early 2000s when U.S. Naval Special Warfare Command (NSWC), better known as NAVSPECWARCOM, began fielding shorter-barreled rifles to SEAL teams and other special operations units. These early rifles were often referred to as the Close Quarters Battle Receiver (CQBR), which was essentially an upper receiver group with a 10.3-inch barrel that could be mated with a standard M4 lower receiver. This modular approach allowed for flexibility depending on mission requirements. The CQBR was later designated as the MK18 Mod 0.

The MK18 Mod 0 was a direct response to the limitations of longer rifles like the M16A2 and even the standard M4 in confined environments such as ships, buildings, or vehicles. With the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan intensifying, operators found themselves in urban and subterranean combat more frequently. A shorter weapon was essential for quick transitions, maneuverability, and ease of use in tight quarters. The MK18 Mod 0 served this role well, though it came with its own challenges, primarily in terms of increased muzzle flash, blast concussion, and decreased effective range due to the short barrel.

The MK18 Mod 1 was a refinement of the earlier model, addressing some of these shortcomings. One of the most notable upgrades was the replacement of the older Knight's Armament RIS rail system with a Daniel Defense RIS II rail, which was lighter and more robust. Additionally, the newer MK18 Mod 1 rifles featured improvements in barrel metallurgy, gas system tuning, and better compatibility with suppressors. These updates increased reliability and durability under sustained combat conditions.

Despite its compact size, the MK18 has proven to be an exceptionally versatile weapon. It has been used extensively in Iraq and Afghanistan by Navy SEALs, Army Rangers, Delta Force, Marine Raiders, and other elite units. The MK18's compatibility with modern optics, suppressors, lights, lasers, and other accessories has helped it remain relevant and effective even as new weapons platforms have emerged. Its short barrel does limit its terminal ballistics at extended distances, but within 100 to 200 meters, it delivers sufficient stopping power using proper ammunition such as the 77-grain Mk 262 Mod 1 round.

In terms of common uses, the MK18 is primarily employed in close-quarters battle scenarios. Its short overall length makes it a favorite for operations inside buildings, ships, or urban environments where longer rifles would be cumbersome. The weapon is also favored by special operations forces conducting direct action missions, hostage rescue, and high-value target raids. These missions often require rapid room clearing, use in and around vehicles, and quick target acquisition—all areas where the MK18 excels.

The MK18 is also commonly paired with suppressors to reduce sound signature and muzzle flash, which is critical for stealth and minimizing the risk of hearing damage in enclosed spaces. The short barrel increases the sound pressure and blast, making suppressors more of a necessity than an option. For this reason, many MK18 setups include suppressors like the SureFire SOCOM or the newer RC2 models, which are standard issue in many units.

In civilian circles, semi-automatic versions of the MK18 are popular among collectors, enthusiasts, and law enforcement. Companies like Daniel Defense produce commercially available MK18-style rifles and pistols that closely mirror their military counterparts. These civilian models are used for home defense, training, tactical competitions, and by agencies that need a compact yet potent firearm for tactical teams.

In conclusion, the M4 MK18’s history is deeply rooted in the evolution of close-quarters combat requirements during the Global War on Terror. Its compact design, adaptability, and proven performance in some of the most demanding operational environments have earned it a place as one of the most respected and recognizable carbines in modern military history. Whether in the hands of elite operators or responsible civilians, the MK18 continues to serve as a reliable and formidable platform.

Whats great is places like Brownells has stuff to build your own MK18 or buy a semi complete upper, use code BOP10.

[typicalpnwguy]

Pros of using a tripod when shooting at longer distances:

Using a tripod when shooting at distance offers several critical advantages that enhance accuracy, consistency, and shooter comfort. Precision rifle shooters, hunters, military snipers, and long-range competition participants often rely on tripods to achieve stable shooting platforms. Shooting at long distances introduces a variety of challenges such as wind, bullet drop, environmental variables, and the natural instability of the human body. A tripod can greatly mitigate some of these factors, improving a shooter’s performance in the field or on the range.

One of the most obvious benefits of using a tripod is the significant increase in stability. Human muscles constantly make small adjustments to maintain posture, which introduces movement into the shooting platform. At close ranges, these slight shifts may not matter, but when attempting to hit targets at hundreds or even thousands of yards, even the smallest wobble can cause a complete miss. A quality tripod eliminates most of the unintentional movement by creating a rigid and stable base for the rifle, allowing the shooter to focus on breathing, trigger control, and environmental conditions rather than fighting to stay steady.

Another benefit of using a tripod is improved consistency. Shooting from different positions—prone, kneeling, standing, or seated—can change how a rifle recoils, which impacts follow-up shots and zeroing. A tripod provides a repeatable and consistent shooting position. When properly adjusted, it allows the rifle to recoil naturally while maintaining alignment with the target. This consistency is especially important for long-range shooters who need to make repeated shots with minimal point-of-impact shift between them. It also makes it easier to gather data for ballistic dope cards and adjust for environmental conditions.

Tripods also offer increased flexibility in terrain and shooting angles. Unlike shooting prone, which may be impossible due to tall grass, rocks, or uneven ground, a tripod allows shooters to engage targets from a variety of elevations and angles. For example, when shooting uphill or downhill, a tripod can be adjusted to maintain a level rifle without requiring the shooter to take uncomfortable or unbalanced positions. This is particularly valuable in hunting scenarios, where terrain is rarely flat and quick shots may be required from awkward angles.

Additionally, a tripod can help with target observation and spotting. Many tripods come with adapters for mounting spotting scopes or binoculars alongside the rifle. This allows a shooter to glass for targets or monitor impact without moving from the shooting position. Some shooters even mount a second optic on the tripod and use it in conjunction with a rifle-mounted optic for rapid transitioning between observation and engagement. This multi-functionality reduces the need for extra gear and minimizes movement during critical moments.

Tripods also reduce fatigue during long shooting sessions. Holding a rifle in position for extended periods, especially in unsupported or semi-supported stances, can quickly wear out the shooter. Muscle fatigue leads to shaking, poor trigger control, and slower reaction times. By transferring the weight of the rifle to the tripod, shooters can maintain sight picture and readiness for much longer without physical strain. This is useful during competitions where the shooter might be in position for several minutes, or in hunting scenarios where animals might appear at unpredictable times.

Furthermore, using a tripod allows shooters to better train and refine their marksmanship fundamentals. With the stability a tripod provides, shooters can isolate and identify errors in their breathing, trigger press, and follow-through that might otherwise be masked by positional instability. It serves as an effective tool during dry-fire training or while zeroing optics at distance.

In conclusion, a tripod is an invaluable tool for distance shooting because it provides enhanced stability, repeatability, adaptability to terrain, and reduced fatigue. It supports better marksmanship, helps shooters manage challenging shooting angles, and enables multi-purpose field setups for observation and engagement. While a tripod adds weight and bulk to a shooter’s gear, its advantages far outweigh the inconvenience when precision and performance are the priority.

[typicalpnwguy]

Why is 13.7" midlength so good?

A 13.7" midlength gas AR-15 upper chambered in 5.56 offers a unique balance between compactness and performance, landing it in a sweet spot between shorter carbine builds and full-length rifles. Many shooters appreciate this configuration for its ability to blend maneuverability with reliable gas system performance, but like any setup, it comes with trade-offs.

One of the main advantages of a 13.7" barrel is its shorter overall length, which improves handling in tight spaces such as vehicles, hallways, and dense brush. While slightly longer than a 10.3" or 11.5" SBR, the 13.7" provides significantly more velocity, which is essential for the 5.56 cartridge to perform optimally in terms of fragmentation and terminal ballistics. This makes it a better option for those who want a more compact rifle without sacrificing too much ballistic effectiveness.

The midlength gas system on a 13.7" barrel is another major benefit. Compared to the traditional carbine gas system, midlength offers a smoother recoil impulse, reduced wear on internal components, and better reliability over time. The increased dwell time from a midlength system allows for more controlled cycling, especially when paired with a properly tuned buffer and bolt carrier group. This can result in a more pleasant shooting experience, less perceived recoil, and improved control during rapid fire.

From a durability standpoint, the combination of a 13.7" barrel and midlength gas system can also extend the lifespan of the rifle. With a smoother gas cycle, components are subjected to less stress, meaning parts like the bolt, cam pin, and gas key typically experience less wear. This reduces maintenance frequency and increases the long-term reliability of the platform. Additionally, since the barrel is still over the 11.5" threshold, it doesn’t suffer from extreme gas port erosion or high cyclic rates that are common in shorter barrels.

Ballistically, the 13.7" barrel allows most 5.56 NATO loads to retain effective fragmentation range out to roughly 150 to 200 yards, depending on the ammunition. While not as far-reaching as a 16" or 20" barrel, it still outperforms shorter options in velocity and terminal effectiveness. This makes it a good compromise for those who don’t need extreme range but want more than what an 11.5" barrel can provide.

However, one of the key drawbacks of the 13.7" upper is the need for a permanently pinned and welded muzzle device in order to reach the 16" legal minimum barrel length under the National Firearms Act (NFA). This complicates barrel maintenance and makes replacing muzzle devices more difficult. A pinned muzzle device prevents quick changes to suppressor mounts or flash hiders, and any work on the barrel generally requires professional tools or gunsmithing services.

Another con is that while the 13.7" setup offers good terminal performance compared to shorter barrels, it still gives up some velocity when compared to 14.5" and 16" options. For users prioritizing maximum velocity or long-range accuracy, this could be a limiting factor. In addition, depending on the exact gas port sizing and the type of ammunition used, some 13.7" midlength uppers may be more sensitive to underpowered or non-standard ammo, especially if the gas system is not properly tuned.

Suppressor use can also present mixed results. While a midlength gas system does reduce blowback compared to shorter gas systems, the 13.7" barrel can still result in noticeable gas-to-face pressure when suppressed, especially with over-gassed systems or poorly matched buffer setups. Careful tuning and the addition of an adjustable gas block can mitigate these issues but may require extra investment and tinkering.

Ultimately, the 13.7" midlength gas AR-15 upper is a versatile and well-balanced option for those seeking a rifle that handles well in confined spaces but still retains solid ballistic performance. It’s particularly attractive to users who want to avoid the NFA paperwork associated with SBRs while still keeping the gun compact. With the right tuning and a quality muzzle device, this configuration can be a highly capable general-purpose rifle. The trade-offs primarily lie in the limitations around maintenance due to the pinned muzzle device and the slight performance loss compared to longer barrels, but for many shooters, those drawbacks are outweighed by the benefits.

I am very excited for the Brownells branded 13.7" midlength gas 5.56 upper I just bought. Its my first midlength gas and first 13.7" upper and I've heard nothing but good from people about it. As always, use BOP10 at Brownells!

[typicalpnwguy]

First Focal Plane (FFP) vs Second Focal Plane (SFP) LPVOs:

Low Variable Power Optics (LVPOs) have become increasingly popular among shooters due to their versatility, speed, and compact design. These scopes typically range from 1x to 4x, 6x, 8x, or even 10x magnification, making them ideal for both close-quarters engagements and medium-range precision shooting. One of the most critical features to consider when selecting an LVPO is the focal plane of the reticle—specifically, whether it is a First Focal Plane (FFP) or Second Focal Plane (SFP) design. Each has unique characteristics that affect how the reticle behaves as the magnification is adjusted, and understanding these differences is crucial to choosing the right optic for your application.

In a First Focal Plane optic, the reticle is placed in front of the magnification lenses. This positioning causes the reticle to grow or shrink in direct proportion to the image as you adjust the magnification. At 1x, the reticle may appear small and fine, while at maximum magnification it appears much larger and thicker. The key benefit of an FFP reticle is that the subtensions (the measurements used for range estimation, bullet drop compensation, and wind holds) remain accurate across the entire magnification range. For example, a shooter using an FFP LVPO can use the same holdover for a 400-yard shot whether they are at 3x, 6x, or 8x magnification, because the reticle scale is consistent with the zoomed image.

This makes FFP optics particularly useful for precision shooting and long-range engagements, where consistent holdovers and wind calls are critical. Tactical shooters, competition marksmen, and military users often prefer FFP scopes for this reason. However, there are some trade-offs. At low magnification levels, the reticle can become so small and thin that it’s difficult to see quickly—especially in fast-paced scenarios or in low-light conditions. Some manufacturers counteract this by including an illuminated reticle, a bold outer ring, or daylight-bright illumination to help maintain visibility at 1x.

On the other hand, Second Focal Plane optics have the reticle located behind the magnification lenses. As a result, the reticle remains the same size regardless of the magnification level. At 1x magnification, the reticle is easily visible and bold, which is excellent for rapid target acquisition. This fixed-size reticle provides a constant, familiar aiming point, making it ideal for close-quarters scenarios or rapid engagements where speed trumps precision. Most recreational shooters and users who prioritize fast handling and simplicity prefer SFP LVPOs for their clarity and ease of use at low magnification.

However, the primary drawback of SFP scopes becomes apparent when using the reticle for holdovers or range estimations at anything other than the "true" magnification—usually the highest setting. Subtensions on SFP reticles are only accurate at that designated power level. This means that if you plan to shoot at 400 yards and use the BDC (bullet drop compensator) or hash marks for elevation or wind correction, you must be at the scope’s calibrated magnification (often 6x, 8x, or 10x). If you're at a lower magnification, the measurements become inaccurate, which could result in a missed shot or incorrect wind adjustment.

Another consideration is cost. In general, FFP LVPOs are more expensive to produce and thus cost more on the market. Their construction requires more precise lens alignment and quality control, especially in compact LVPO formats where maintaining image clarity and illumination at all magnification levels can be challenging. Meanwhile, SFP scopes are often more budget-friendly while still offering good performance, particularly for shooters who primarily operate at low to mid-range magnifications.

Ultimately, the decision between FFP and SFP in an LVPO comes down to intended use. If you need precise holdovers and reticle scaling across the entire magnification range—such as in competition, tactical, or duty use—FFP may be the better choice despite the higher cost and thinner reticle at 1x. Conversely, if your priority is fast target acquisition and general-purpose shooting with less reliance on reticle measurements, an SFP LVPO provides excellent value and usability.

In conclusion, both First Focal Plane and Second Focal Plane LVPOs have their advantages and disadvantages. Understanding how each functions and how that aligns with your shooting needs will help you make the most informed and effective choice for your optic setup.

Which ever you choose to go with Brownells has a ton in stock and BOP10 works.

[typicalpnwguy]

Gen 2 vs Gen 3 PMAGs:

Magpul’s PMAGs have become some of the most popular and reliable magazines for the AR-15 platform. The company’s Generation 2 (Gen M2) and Generation 3 (Gen M3) PMAGs both offer dependable performance, but there are notable differences between them in design, materials, compatibility, and features. Understanding these distinctions is essential for anyone deciding between the two or upgrading their gear.

The Gen 2 PMAG (M2 MOE) was designed to offer a lightweight, durable alternative to traditional aluminum magazines. It features impact-resistant polymer construction and a constant-curve internal geometry to promote reliable feeding. The Gen 2 model also has a flared floorplate for easier magazine handling and disassembly, as well as ribbed texturing along the body to improve grip. It’s optimized for the AR-15/M4 platform and functions exceptionally well in standard 5.56/.223 NATO rifles.

However, the Gen 2 PMAGs are not fully compatible with all weapon platforms. While they work perfectly in standard AR-15/M4 lower receivers, they can have fitment issues in certain non-standard lowers like those found in some SCAR 16s, HK416s, or IWI Tavors. These rifles often require tighter dimensional tolerances or slightly different geometry in the magazine well, and Gen 2 magazines can sometimes bind or fail to lock properly.

The Gen 3 PMAG (M3) was created to address these compatibility concerns while also improving upon the overall durability and design of the Gen 2. One of the key upgrades in the Gen 3 PMAG is enhanced compatibility across a broader range of firearms. It has a slightly slimmer external geometry, which allows it to fit better in tight or non-standard magwells such as those on the HK416, MR556, SA80, and others. Magpul also added a redesigned four-way anti-tilt follower and more robust stainless-steel spring, ensuring better feeding reliability even in high-stress environments.

Another major improvement with the Gen 3 is the inclusion of a more durable, over-travel stop integrated into the spine of the magazine. This prevents the magazine from being inserted too far into the magwell, which can cause feeding issues in certain rifles. Additionally, Gen 3 PMAGs feature a modified floorplate that is slimmer and easier to stack and store in mag pouches.

Magpul also upgraded the polymer formula in the Gen 3 to make it even more impact-resistant and resilient in extreme environments. This change increases the magazine’s strength under hard use or during drops. Furthermore, Gen 3 magazines include a paint-pen dot matrix panel on the lower portion of the body, allowing users to easily mark and identify their magazines using paint pens or markers. This feature is absent from the Gen 2.

Some Gen 3 PMAGs come with an included dust cover, which helps keep debris out of the magazine and relieves pressure on the feed lips during long-term storage. While this feature was present in early Gen 2 models, Magpul eventually removed it from the Gen 2 MOE line to reduce cost, so Gen 2 PMAGs typically do not include this accessory anymore. In terms of cost, Gen 2 PMAGs are usually slightly cheaper than Gen 3s. This price difference reflects the added features and broader compatibility of the Gen 3, but for users who only run standard AR-15s, the Gen 2 remains a perfectly functional and economical option.

In conclusion, both generations of Magpul PMAGs are high-quality, reliable magazines. The Gen 2 is a proven workhorse and an excellent value for users with standard AR-15 rifles. The Gen 3 is more versatile, tougher, and packed with upgrades that make it the better choice for those using a wider variety of platforms or operating in demanding conditions. For general civilian use, the Gen 2 is sufficient. For duty, competition, or multi-platform use, the Gen 3 offers greater long-term value.

[typicalpnwguy]

History of Frank Brownell, rest in peace:

Frank Brownell, the longtime leader and public face of Brownells, played a pivotal role in shaping both the company and the broader firearms community. His vision, passion for gunsmithing, and commitment to customer service helped transform Brownells from a small mail-order supplier into a global leader in firearm parts, tools, and accessories. Over several decades, Frank not only built upon the foundation laid by his father but also left a lasting mark on the firearms industry through his advocacy for gun rights, support for the gunsmithing profession, and dedication to quality and education.

Frank Brownell was the son of Bob Brownell, who founded Brownells in 1939. Bob began by selling tools and gun parts from a small shop, mainly to gunsmiths and hobbyists. Frank joined the family business in 1965, and under his guidance, Brownells experienced enormous growth. He officially became president in 1983 and later served as CEO and Chairman of the Board. Frank’s leadership was marked by a forward-thinking approach that maintained the company’s traditional values while embracing modern technology and expanding product offerings.

One of Frank Brownell’s most significant contributions was his commitment to the gunsmithing trade. He was a vocal supporter of gunsmithing schools and educational programs, often donating tools, supplies, and even funding scholarships. Frank understood that a skilled and knowledgeable gunsmith was critical to maintaining and advancing the firearms culture in America. He worked closely with institutions like the Colorado School of Trades, Trinidad State Junior College, and Murray State College, helping ensure that future generations would be equipped with both the tools and the training needed to succeed.

Under Frank’s leadership, Brownells grew its product catalog from a few hundred items to tens of thousands. He expanded the company’s reach beyond gunsmiths and into the hands of hobbyists, competitive shooters, military and law enforcement personnel, and everyday gun owners. He insisted on offering only high-quality products and maintained a "No-Hassle" return policy that became legendary in the industry. This customer-first philosophy earned Brownells a loyal customer base and established it as one of the most trusted names in the firearms world.

Frank Brownell was also a strong advocate for Second Amendment rights. He supported pro-gun organizations and used Brownells as a platform to educate and inform gun owners about legislation that could affect their rights. He believed deeply in the importance of a well-armed and responsible citizenry and used his influence to help protect those rights at both the state and national levels.

In addition to his advocacy and business acumen, Frank Brownell was known for his warm personality, humility, and ability to connect with people. Whether he was speaking at industry events, visiting gunsmithing schools, or talking with customers at trade shows, Frank always took time to listen and engage. He understood the needs of the firearms community because he was part of it, and that empathy helped guide his decisions at every level.

Frank’s influence extended to the industry as a whole. He served on the boards of several firearms and outdoor-related organizations, including the National Rifle Association and the National Shooting Sports Foundation. He was inducted into the Shooting Industry Hall of Fame and received numerous awards for his contributions to the field.

In 2012, Frank passed the company leadership to his son, Pete Brownell, ensuring that the family legacy would continue. Pete has followed in his father’s footsteps, expanding Brownells into the 21st century with e-commerce, proprietary products, and continued support of gunsmithing and firearms education.

In summary, Frank Brownell was more than a businessman. He was a craftsman, a mentor, a patriot, and a steward of American gun culture. Through his dedication to quality, education, customer service, and the Second Amendment, he helped elevate the firearms community and ensured that Brownells would remain a cornerstone of it for generations to come. His impact is still felt today in the thriving gunsmithing community, the continued success of Brownells, and the countless gun owners who benefited from his vision and leadership.

Rest in peace Frank and thank you for what you did for the gun community. You taught your son (Pete) well but your shoes will still never be able to be filled. 🙏

[typicalpnwguy]

RMA Defense, my favorite body armor:

RMA Armament, commonly known as RMA Defense, is a U.S.-based company specializing in ballistic protection products, particularly ceramic armor plates. Their ceramic plate lineup is widely respected among military, law enforcement, and civilian users for its quality, reliability, and range of protection levels. The company offers various ceramic plate models designed to meet specific needs based on weight, cost, protection level, and durability.

At the core of their ceramic plate offerings are their NIJ-certified Level III and Level IV plates. Level III plates from RMA are typically made with a combination of ceramic and polyethylene and are engineered to stop standard rifle rounds such as 7.62x51mm NATO (M80 ball). One of their most popular Level III plates is the Model 1078, a lightweight, multi-curve plate made from polyethylene and ceramic composite. It’s known for its balance between weight and protection, often weighing around 4 pounds depending on size and cut.

The more robust and widely recognized RMA ceramic plates fall into the Level IV category, capable of stopping armor-piercing rounds like the .30-06 M2 AP. The flagship in this category is the Model 1155. It’s a single-curve, monolithic ceramic plate that is NIJ .06 certified and considered a budget-friendly yet reliable choice. The 1155 is heavier than polyethylene plates, usually weighing close to 8.3 pounds per plate in a 10x12 inch configuration, but its stopping power and proven track record make it a favorite among users who prioritize maximum protection.

For those seeking a lighter alternative to the 1155 without sacrificing too much protection, RMA offers the 1192 and 1199 models. These plates use an advanced ceramic composite to reduce weight while still meeting NIJ Level IV requirements. The 1192 is a multi-curve design for enhanced comfort and better fit, particularly useful during extended wear. It weighs around 6.8 pounds, which is significantly lighter than traditional Level IV plates and makes it more suitable for high-mobility operations. The 1199 is even more advanced, utilizing boron carbide ceramics—a material that is lighter and stronger than alumina ceramics. The result is a plate weighing just under 5.3 pounds while still offering full Level IV protection. However, because boron carbide is more expensive to produce, the 1199 is priced higher than most other RMA options.

In terms of special threat protection, RMA offers the 1092 and 1091 series. These plates are designed to defeat specific rifle threats that fall outside traditional NIJ categories. For example, the 1092 is a lightweight multi-curve plate designed to stop M855 and M193 rounds, as well as 7.62x39mm MSC, while weighing only around 3.5 to 4 pounds. It's not officially NIJ-certified but undergoes rigorous in-house and independent testing. This makes it ideal for law enforcement agencies or civilians who want to protect against common rifle threats without the added weight of a full Level IV plate.

Comfort and ergonomics also factor into RMA’s ceramic plate design. Several of their plates are available in single-curve or multi-curve options. Multi-curve plates like the 1192 or 1092 contour more closely to the body and reduce fatigue during prolonged use. Additionally, RMA offers different cuts, such as Shooter’s Cut and SAPI Cut, to accommodate a variety of plate carriers and body types.

Overall, RMA Defense offers a robust lineup of ceramic armor plates tailored to different needs. From budget-conscious Level IV plates like the 1155 to ultra-light boron carbide plates like the 1199, their catalog serves a wide spectrum of users. Whether the priority is maximum protection, minimal weight, or comfort, RMA’s ceramic offerings provide dependable solutions backed by extensive testing and real-world use.

My favorite plates are the 1155 and you can get 10% off them by using code BOP10 at Brownells.

[typicalpnwguy]

AR15 buffer weights:

The AR-15 platform is highly modular and customizable, and one critical component that significantly affects its performance is the buffer system—specifically, the buffer weight. The buffer resides in the buffer tube and works with the action spring to absorb recoil and cycle the bolt carrier group (BCG). Changing buffer weights can influence everything from felt recoil to reliability, especially when tuning for specific ammunition, barrel lengths, or gas systems. Common AR-15 buffer weights include the standard carbine buffer (H0), H1, H2, H3, and heavy-duty alternatives like the HSS or even rifle-length buffers. Understanding how each weight performs helps shooters optimize their firearm for reliability, recoil management, and wear on internal components.

The standard carbine buffer, often just called the "carbine" or H0, usually weighs around 3.0 ounces. It is typically found in factory-built AR-15s that have carbine-length gas systems and standard 5.56 NATO chambers. This weight is designed to offer reliable cycling under most conditions with standard ammunition and mil-spec components. However, with high-pressure loads or overgassed systems, the standard buffer can lead to excessive bolt speed. This might increase felt recoil, reduce accuracy due to movement, and cause accelerated wear on internal parts.

The H1 buffer weighs approximately 3.8 ounces and contains one tungsten weight and two steel weights. It offers a modest improvement in reducing bolt velocity and softening recoil. It’s a good middle ground for rifles that are slightly overgassed or for shooters who want a smoother shooting experience without compromising reliability. H1 buffers are common in rifles used for general-purpose shooting.

The H2 buffer steps up further at about 4.6 ounces and includes two tungsten weights. This buffer is often recommended for overgassed carbines, mid-length gas systems on 14.5" or 16" barrels, or suppressed setups. It slows the BCG more effectively, reducing wear and improving follow-up shot speed by mitigating recoil. Many shooters notice a more controlled feel with an H2, and it tends to function reliably with hotter ammo or in suppressed rifles where increased back pressure would otherwise cause excessive cycling.

The H3 buffer weighs roughly 5.4 ounces, with three tungsten weights. This is considered a heavy buffer and is best suited for rifles with extremely overgassed systems or full-auto and suppressed setups. In these scenarios, the H3 helps mitigate recoil, slow down the cycling rate, and improve dwell time. However, using an H3 buffer in a standard or undergassed rifle can cause failures to cycle or feed due to insufficient energy to fully move the heavier buffer. Thus, it's important to ensure compatibility before upgrading to H3.

For those seeking even heavier options, buffers like the HSS or the VLTOR A5 system extend buffer weight beyond 5.4 ounces, aiming for smoother cycling in custom-tuned or precision-focused rifles. These systems are particularly favored in high-end builds or duty rifles where consistent performance under high round counts is vital. Rifle-length buffers used in fixed stock setups are even longer and usually weigh around 5.0 ounces or more, contributing to a very smooth recoil impulse but requiring a rifle-length buffer tube.

Overall, buffer weight plays a major role in tuning your AR-15 for optimal performance. A heavier buffer generally leads to smoother operation, less recoil, and reduced wear, but it can also introduce cycling issues if the rifle’s gas system doesn’t produce enough pressure. Conversely, a lighter buffer promotes faster cycling but may increase recoil and component stress. The key to choosing the right buffer weight lies in balancing gas pressure, barrel length, ammunition type, and whether the rifle will be run suppressed. Each combination will respond differently, so experimentation and testing are often necessary to dial in the best setup.

Whatever buffer you need be rest assured you can find it at Brownells and use code BOP10.

[typicalpnwguy]

What tools should you get when starting to do your own gunsmithing:

For anyone beginning their journey into gunsmithing, having the right tools is not just a matter of convenience—it’s a fundamental part of doing the job correctly, safely, and without damaging valuable firearms. When people first get interested in working on guns, they’re often tempted to use whatever tools they have on hand in their garage. While this might work in some very simple cases, improper tools can easily lead to stripped screws, marred finishes, or even unsafe firearms. A solid foundation of basic gunsmithing tools is essential for success, even at the entry level.

One of the first tools any aspiring gunsmith should consider investing in is a set of gunsmithing screwdrivers. Unlike standard screwdrivers found in hardware stores, these have hollow-ground tips. This means the blade fits the screw slot evenly and fully, making full contact across the screw head. The purpose of this design is to prevent the driver from camming out, or slipping and damaging the screw, which is especially common with the softer and shallower screws found in many firearms. Using ordinary tapered screwdrivers, even for basic disassembly, can lead to unsightly and damaging slip marks on your firearm’s finish or strip out the screw head entirely.

Another important early tool is the brass or nylon hammer. A steel hammer may seem like it would do the job just fine, but it can easily mar or dent metal components, especially if you're tapping out a pin or adjusting a sight. Brass hammers are firm enough to deliver solid impacts while being soft enough not to harm the steel parts of a firearm. Nylon or plastic-headed hammers serve a similar role, allowing you to make adjustments or taps without risking cosmetic or structural damage. These hammers are extremely useful when driving pins in or out using punches.

Punches themselves are critical to have in any gunsmith's toolbox. They come in various sizes and types, but the most common you’ll need early on are standard flat punches and roll pin punches. Flat punches are used for pushing out solid pins, while roll pin punches have a small projection in the center of the tip to align with hollow roll pins and prevent them from collapsing or bending during removal or installation. Without the proper punch, trying to drive out pins with nails or screwdrivers can deform parts, damage receivers, or make a simple job frustrating and unsafe.

Having a good bench vise is also extremely important for stable, hands-free work. Many firearm tasks require a great deal of force or precise positioning, and a vise holds the gun securely without shifting. However, care must be taken to avoid damaging the gun’s finish or structural components, which is why soft jaws or vise blocks are often used. These are padded or shaped inserts that go between the firearm and the metal jaws of the vise, providing protection while still maintaining a strong grip. For AR-15 enthusiasts especially, specialized vise blocks that hold the upper or lower receiver are invaluable.

Another essential tool for entry-level gunsmithing is a torque driver or torque wrench. Modern firearms, particularly rifles with optics or modular parts, often have very specific torque specifications for screws and fasteners. Under-torquing can result in parts coming loose under recoil, while over-torquing can strip threads or deform components. A torque driver lets you dial in the exact force needed, ensuring consistency and reliability in your builds or repairs.

While it may not seem like a specialized tool, a high-quality firearm cleaning kit is a cornerstone of every gunsmithing setup. Keeping a firearm clean and lubricated is not just about performance—it also prevents wear and helps identify potential problems early. A good cleaning kit includes bore brushes, patches, cleaning rods, solvent, and lubricants. These allow you to remove fouling, carbon buildup, and rust while preserving the finish and inner workings of the gun. Many gunsmithing tasks begin and end with a thorough cleaning.

Precision measuring tools, such as calipers and gauges, become useful fairly quickly as well. Even though they might seem more advanced, simple calipers allow you to measure pin diameters, part lengths, or overall dimensions to ensure proper fit and safety. Whether you're installing a new barrel, adjusting a trigger, or checking the headspace on a bolt-action rifle, having reliable measurements is critical.

In short, entry-level gunsmithing doesn’t require a massive financial investment, but it does require tools that are purpose-built and chosen with care. Using the right tools ensures that the firearm is treated respectfully and that work can be done accurately, safely, and without unnecessary frustration. Starting with these core tools lays a solid foundation, and as skills and ambitions grow, so can the toolbox. However, with even a modest beginning setup, a hobbyist can confidently tackle a wide range of gunsmithing tasks and take pride in the results.

A great place to buy gunsmithing tools or builder tools is Brownells. They built their company on the backs of gunsmiths. Be sure to use code BOP10 too to help your dollar go farther.

[typicalpnwguy]

Have you heard of the M16 Kitty Kat?

The M16 "Kitty Kat" is a compact variant of the M16/M4 series of rifles, developed as part of a broader effort to produce ultra-short-barreled weapons for specialized military and law enforcement applications. The weapon is not an official designation by the U.S. military but is a colloquial nickname used primarily within military and firearm enthusiast circles to refer to an extremely short-barreled AR-platform rifle. Its origins are closely tied to the evolution of the M16 and M4 platforms, which have been central to U.S. and allied military operations since the 1960s.

The history of the "Kitty Kat" begins with the adoption of the AR-15 rifle, originally designed by Eugene Stoner and developed by Armalite in the late 1950s. The AR-15 was later adopted by the U.S. military as the M16 during the Vietnam War. Over the decades, the M16 saw various improvements, leading to the development of the shorter and more versatile M4 Carbine in the 1990s. The M4, with its collapsible stock and 14.5-inch barrel, was designed to be more maneuverable in close-quarters combat, particularly for vehicle crews and special operations forces.

The "Kitty Kat" variant is a further refinement—or extreme reduction—of the M4 concept. It typically features a barrel length of just 7.5 inches, far shorter than the standard M4. This extremely compact size makes it suitable for operations where space is limited, such as in vehicles, aircraft, or urban environments. The rifle retains the standard 5.56x45mm NATO chambering, although the short barrel significantly affects ballistic performance, notably reducing velocity and effective range.

The weapon is most closely associated with specialized units such as SWAT teams, close protection details, and certain military special operations groups. One of the earliest known configurations of the "Kitty Kat" was offered by Colt under the designation "RO933K," essentially a cut-down version of their Commando-style carbines. It used the same basic direct impingement gas system as the full-size M16 but with a much shorter gas tube. This required careful tuning to ensure reliable cycling, as short-barreled ARs are prone to over-gassing and related malfunctions.

In terms of design, the "Kitty Kat" usually includes a free-floating handguard, often a quad-rail or KeyMod/M-LOK system, to allow for the attachment of accessories like foregrips, lasers, and lights. The upper and lower receivers are typically forged aluminum, consistent with standard AR-15 manufacturing. Due to its very short barrel, the rifle often includes an aggressive muzzle device, such as a flash can or blast diverter, to help direct the intense muzzle blast away from the shooter and reduce concussion.

Because of its extremely short barrel, the Kitty Kat is legally classified as a Short-Barreled Rifle (SBR) under U.S. law. This means it falls under the jurisdiction of the National Firearms Act (NFA), requiring registration, a background check, and a $200 tax stamp for civilian ownership. Alternatively, some users opt to configure the weapon as a pistol under ATF guidelines, using a stabilizing brace instead of a stock.

Operationally, the "Kitty Kat" is favored for its compactness and maneuverability, but it comes with trade-offs. The reduced barrel length severely limits the effective range and terminal performance of the 5.56mm cartridge, making it less suitable for engagements beyond 100 meters. It also results in greater muzzle flash, noise, and recoil impulse. Nevertheless, in confined environments where those drawbacks are outweighed by the need for a lightweight and easily maneuvered weapon, the Kitty Kat excels.

In recent years, advances in suppressor technology and ammunition specifically designed for short-barreled rifles have helped mitigate some of the platform’s limitations. Subsonic rounds and tailored gas systems allow for improved function and control, especially when suppressed. As such, the Kitty Kat and similar ultra-compact AR variants continue to see use among elite units and in niche civilian applications.

While not a standard-issue weapon, the M16 "Kitty Kat" remains a fascinating example of how modular weapon platforms like the AR-15 can be adapted for specialized roles. Its enduring popularity in tactical circles speaks to the constant innovation and customization possible within the AR ecosystem.

[typicalpnwguy]

AR15 gas length differences:

The AR-15 platform is highly modular, and one of the key differences among variants is the length of the gas system. The gas system is responsible for cycling the action after each shot by redirecting gas from the fired cartridge back into the bolt carrier group. The four most common gas system lengths are pistol, carbine, midlength, and rifle. Each of these systems has unique characteristics that affect recoil, reliability, wear, and compatibility with different barrel lengths and applications. Understanding how they compare is essential for building or purchasing an AR-15 that fits the shooter’s needs.

Pistol-length gas systems are the shortest, with the gas port located approximately 4 inches from the chamber. These are commonly used on AR-15 pistols typically with barrels shorter than 10 inches. Because the gas travels such a short distance before entering the gas tube, the pressure is still very high when it reaches the bolt carrier group. This results in a more violent cycling action, increased wear on internal components, and often more perceived recoil. However, the pistol-length system is necessary for reliable cycling in very short barrels, especially when shooting underpowered ammunition or using a suppressor. It is also favored in compact setups where maneuverability is more important than smooth operation.

Carbine-length gas systems have the gas port located about 7 inches from the chamber and are typically paired with barrels between 10 and 16 inches in length. This system became common with military M4 carbines and is widely used in civilian AR-15s. Compared to the pistol-length system, the carbine-length system offers a slightly gentler cycling action because the gas pressure is lower by the time it enters the system. However, it can still be over-gassed, especially on 16-inch barrels, leading to increased recoil, faster wear, and more fouling. Many shooters address this with heavier buffers, adjustable gas blocks, or specialized bolt carrier groups. Despite these drawbacks, the carbine system is often praised for its reliability and versatility.

Midlength gas systems are a compromise between the carbine and rifle systems, with the gas port located roughly 9 inches from the chamber. These are most commonly used with 14 to 18-inch barrels. The longer distance allows the gas pressure to drop further before entering the system, resulting in a smoother and more controlled cycling process. This reduces felt recoil, minimizes wear on moving parts, and improves overall shootability. Midlength systems also tend to be more forgiving with a variety of ammunition and are often seen as the best balance between reliability and comfort. They are increasingly popular on modern sporting rifles, and many manufacturers offer complete midlength uppers as standard configurations.

Rifle-length gas systems are the longest common option, with the gas port about 12 inches from the chamber. This system is standard on the original AR-15/M16 rifles, which have 20-inch barrels. The extra length allows gas pressure to drop significantly before cycling the action, leading to the softest recoil impulse and the smoothest operation among the four types. Rifle-length systems are extremely reliable when paired with their intended barrel lengths and are ideal for precision shooting and long-range applications. However, they can suffer reliability issues if used with barrels shorter than 18 inches, as the lower pressure may not be sufficient to cycle the action reliably, especially with weak ammunition or in dirty conditions.

In summary, the choice between pistol, carbine, midlength, and rifle-length gas systems depends on the intended use, barrel length, and personal preferences. Pistol-length systems are best for ultra-compact builds but come with harsher operation. Carbine systems offer proven reliability but can be over-gassed. Midlength systems provide an optimal balance for most 16-inch builds, offering smoother performance. Rifle-length systems excel in long-barrel setups where recoil mitigation and smooth operation are paramount. Each system has trade-offs, and selecting the right one involves balancing performance, reliability, and purpose.

Now that you know the differences, here are some pictures to help you visualize everything.

[typicalpnwguy]

The Aimpoint PRO, why is it so awesome?!

The Aimpoint PRO (Patrol Rifle Optic) is a red dot sight developed by Aimpoint AB, a Swedish optics company known for pioneering reflex sights since the 1970s. The PRO was introduced to the market in 2011 as a rugged, affordable, and professional-grade red dot optic primarily intended for law enforcement, military personnel, and civilian tactical shooters. Its development built upon decades of Aimpoint’s experience in manufacturing durable and dependable non-magnified optics for rapid target acquisition under diverse and harsh conditions.

The Aimpoint PRO was designed as a direct answer to the demand for a mid-priced, battle-proven optic that could stand up to the extreme conditions faced by patrol officers and soldiers. It bridges the gap between higher-end military optics like the Aimpoint CompM4 and the consumer-level models such as the Aimpoint ACO. The optic quickly gained popularity in tactical circles due to its durability, long battery life, and user-friendly design, making it a standard issue in many law enforcement departments across the United States.

One of the standout features of the Aimpoint PRO is its remarkable battery life. Powered by a single DL1/3N battery, the optic can run continuously for up to 30,000 hours, or roughly 3 years, on a medium brightness setting. This longevity means that users rarely have to worry about battery changes, which is a critical advantage in emergency or high-stress situations. Additionally, the sight is always ready for use as there is no need to power it on or off before or after use.

Another key characteristic of the Aimpoint PRO is its 2 MOA red dot reticle, which offers a balance between fast target acquisition and the precision required for accurate shot placement at varying distances. The reticle is bright, crisp, and visible in a wide range of lighting conditions, with 10 brightness settings including four night-vision-compatible levels and six daylight settings. This allows users to tailor the sight to their environment, whether it be daytime operations or low-light scenarios.

The Aimpoint PRO is constructed with a hard-anodized aluminum housing that is both lightweight and extremely durable. It is designed to withstand harsh environments, shock, vibration, and extreme temperatures. The sight is also fully waterproof up to 150 feet (45 meters), further reinforcing its reputation for ruggedness and reliability. These attributes make it suitable for use in everything from urban policing to combat environments.

The optic comes pre-mounted in a QRP2 mount, which includes a torque-limiting knob that ensures proper tension and prevents over-tightening. This mount is compatible with MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rails and provides a co-witness with standard iron sights when mounted on an AR-15 platform. The included spacer allows for an absolute or lower-third co-witness, depending on user preference. The mount also features recessed windage and elevation adjustment turrets to prevent accidental changes during use.

Ease of use is one of the PRO’s defining qualities. Its controls are simple and intuitive, and the optic is designed for true "both eyes open" shooting, enhancing situational awareness and rapid target engagement. The lens system provides a clear and distortion-free view with minimal parallax, which contributes to the sight’s effectiveness at various ranges.

Although initially targeted at law enforcement, the Aimpoint PRO has become a favorite among civilian shooters, home defenders, and firearm enthusiasts due to its proven performance and reasonable price point. It is often praised in reviews and forums for delivering much of the performance of Aimpoint’s higher-end optics at a fraction of the cost. The optic’s widespread adoption and enduring popularity are testaments to its success in meeting the needs of modern shooters.

Over the years, the Aimpoint PRO has seen continued support from the manufacturer, with improved accessory compatibility and ongoing production. It remains a benchmark in the tactical optics world and continues to be recommended by professionals for its simplicity, effectiveness, and battlefield-grade durability.

[typicalpnwguy]

Modlite PLVH2 vs OKW heads. What's right for you?

When selecting a high-performance weapon light for tactical or defensive applications, two premium options from Modlite Systems often come to the forefront: the Modlite OKW and the Modlite PLHv2 light heads. While both offer excellent build quality and are widely used by professionals and enthusiasts alike, they serve distinct purposes and offer unique performance characteristics tailored to different operational needs. A closer examination of the two reveals notable differences in beam pattern, candela, lumen output, and optimal use cases, which help inform the decision for potential buyers.

The Modlite OKW is designed primarily for long-range identification and target illumination. It excels in high candela output, which directly correlates to its ability to project light over long distances and punch through photonic barriers such as fog, tinted glass, and ambient light pollution. The OKW delivers approximately 69,000 candela with 680 lumens, which is a relatively low lumen count compared to other lights in its class, but the beam is extremely focused and intense. This tight beam structure results in less flood or spill, which might not be ideal for close-quarters use but is highly effective for rural, open-area, or law enforcement applications where positive identification at distance is essential.

In contrast, the PLHv2 head is more of a general-purpose illumination tool. It balances a strong candela rating of approximately 54,000 candela with a much higher lumen output—around 1,350 lumens. This configuration produces a wider, brighter beam that offers both decent throw and excellent spill. As such, the PLHv2 is well-suited for close to mid-range engagements and excels in urban or indoor environments where situational awareness and peripheral visibility are just as critical as the ability to light up targets.

One of the most notable distinctions between the two is the beam pattern. The OKW’s beam is narrow and laser-like, which maximizes distance but minimizes flood. This makes it harder to see objects outside of the direct beam path, particularly in confined or cluttered environments.

The PLHv2, on the other hand, has a wider and more forgiving beam, making it easier to navigate rooms, staircases, and alleys. The broader beam pattern of the PLHv2 reduces the need to sweep as much with the weapon to maintain situational awareness, which can be a tactical advantage in dynamic environments.

Despite these functional differences, both heads share several similarities. They are constructed from high-quality materials such as 6061 aluminum and feature hard anodized finishes for durability. Both are compatible with SureFire® dual-fuel bodies and Modlite’s own 18350 and 18650 light bodies, allowing for flexibility in mounting and battery preferences.

Furthermore, both lights are designed with weapon use in mind, meaning they can withstand recoil, harsh weather, and operational abuse.

Battery life is another area where subtle differences emerge. Because of the higher lumen output, the PLHv2 tends to drain batteries faster than the OKW. The OKW, while more power-efficient in that it uses less lumens, still draws considerable current to maintain its impressive candela output, so both lights benefit from the use of high-drain 18650 cells like the KeepPower 18650 3500mAh. For users who need runtime over output, neither light is particularly battery-efficient, though the OKW might slightly edge out the PLHv2 in runtime on low or momentary use.

Another aspect to consider is how each light performs in photonic barrier scenarios. The OKW is specifically engineered to pierce through ambient light, which makes it ideal for operations involving high-lumen street lights, car headlights, or tactical fog. The PLHv2 can still perform admirably in such conditions, but its broader beam tends to disperse more light, which can lead to reflection and visual noise in certain situations.

In conclusion, choosing between the Modlite OKW and the PLHv2 comes down to intended application. The OKW is ideal for users who prioritize long-range visibility and tight beam control, such as rural patrol officers, hunters, or tactical shooters needing to PID targets at extended distances. Conversely, the PLHv2 serves as a more versatile and user-friendly option for those who operate in mixed or close-quarter environments where a balance of throw and spill is necessary. Both heads are premium choices that reflect Modlite’s commitment to quality and performance, but their differences in beam characteristics and output make them uniquely suited for different tactical needs.

I cant wait to get my PLHV2 head in the mail from Brownells this week. I have two OKW heads and have absolutely loved them these last 4+ years. Here's a chart I found to help simplify the info and is able to be downloaded for later:

[typicalpnwguy]

18350 vs 18650 batteries:

When choosing a battery type for a weapon-mounted light (WML), the two most common rechargeable lithium-ion options are the 18650 and the 18350. These batteries are named for their dimensions: the 18650 is 18mm in diameter and 65mm in length, while the 18350 is 18mm in diameter and 35mm in length. Though similar in diameter, their difference in length results in distinct performance characteristics, size trade-offs, and suitability for different applications in weapon-mounted setups.

The most noticeable difference between the 18650 and 18350 batteries is their size and capacity. The 18650 battery has nearly twice the length of the 18350 and typically offers capacities ranging from 2500mAh to 3600mAh. In contrast, the 18350 has a much lower capacity, typically between 1100mAh and 1400mAh. This means that a weapon light powered by an 18650 battery will generally run longer between charges than one using an 18350 battery. For tactical, military, or law enforcement use—where long runtime and consistent performance are critical—the 18650 is often the preferred option due to its endurance.

The 18650 also supports higher sustained outputs without overheating or experiencing voltage sag, which is important for high-lumen weapon lights. Many modern tactical lights exceed 1000 lumens, and the higher capacity and discharge capability of the 18650 battery allows these lights to maintain full brightness for longer durations. In contrast, the 18350 may support similar initial output but will typically experience a quicker drop-off in brightness as the voltage drops and thermal limits are reached sooner.

However, the 18350 battery has one major advantage: compactness. Many users, especially those using short-barreled rifles or pistols, appreciate the reduced size and weight of lights powered by 18350 batteries. This reduction in size can improve maneuverability and reduce bulk on the rail, which is particularly useful in confined environments or for concealed carry setups. Some lights, such as the Modlite PL350 or SureFire M600 series, offer modularity to accept either battery size depending on the user's needs.

From an ergonomics standpoint, the choice between 18650 and 18350 comes down to balance and control. On larger platforms like AR-15s or tactical shotguns, the added size and weight of an 18650 WML are less noticeable and may even help with forward weight distribution. On smaller platforms, however, a long weapon light can make the firearm front-heavy and awkward, which is where the 18350 setup shines.

Another factor to consider is charging logistics and cost. Both 18650 and 18350 batteries are rechargeable, which offers significant long-term savings over disposable CR123A batteries. However, 18650 cells are more common and often more economical due to wider use in devices like laptops, flashlights, and vape devices. Chargers for 18650s are also more widely available and sometimes more advanced. Still, high-quality 18350 cells are readily available from reputable manufacturers such as SureFire, Modlite, and Nitecore, and most chargers today support both sizes.

Durability and safety are also important considerations. In terms of ruggedness, both batteries are similar, but the increased mass of the 18650 can contribute to slightly more shock resistance and better thermal management under prolonged use. Conversely, the 18350, due to its shorter length, may be less prone to mechanical stress and has a smaller energy potential in case of failure, which some consider a safety advantage. That said, both battery types require high-quality cells with proper protection circuits or regulated lights to prevent over-discharge or overheating.

Ultimately, the choice between 18650 and 18350 batteries in WMLs depends on the intended use case. Users requiring maximum performance, runtime, and brightness for extended operations or professional use will typically favor the 18650. On the other hand, users who prioritize compactness, lighter weight, and a minimalist profile may prefer the 18350, accepting the trade-offs in runtime and output sustainability. The ideal setup may even involve owning both types of lights for different roles—an 18650 light for duty or range use and an 18350 light for concealed or home defense roles.

In summary, 18650 batteries offer superior runtime, higher output, and better performance under sustained use, making them the optimal choice for most tactical and professional weapon-mounted lights. The 18350, while more limited in capacity and performance, provides valuable advantages in size, weight, and maneuverability, particularly in compact or close-quarters applications. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each battery type enables users to make informed decisions based on mission requirements, weapon platform, and personal preferences.